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}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 1908/68 (NZ) \endash 4 August 1908}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 1 Short title \par 2 Interpretation}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 1 \par FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Contract of Sale}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 3 Sale and agreement to sell \par 4 Capacity to buy and sell}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Formalities of the Contract}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 5 Contact of sale, how made \par 6 [Repealed]}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Subject-Matter of Contract}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 7 Existing or future goods \par 8 Goods which have perished \par 9 Goods perishing before sale but after}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agreement to sell}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 The Price}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 10 Ascertainment of price \par 11 Agreement to sell at valuation}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Conditions and Warranties}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 12 Stipulation as to time \par 13 When condition to be treated as warranty \par 14 Implied undertaking as to title \par 15 Sale by description \par 16 Implied conditions as to quality or fitness}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Sale by Sample}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 17 Sale by sample}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 2 \par EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 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possession after sale \par 28 Effect of writs of execution}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 3 \par PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 29 Duties of seller and buyer \par 30 Payment and delivery are concurrent}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 conditions \par 31 Rules as to delivery \par 32 Delivery of wrong quantity \par 33 Instalment deliveries \par 34 Delivery to carrier \par 35 Risk where goods delivered at distant place \par 36 Buyer\rquote s right of examining goods \par 37 Acceptance \par 38 Buyer not bound to return rejected goods \par 39 Liability of buyer for neglecting or refusing}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 delivery}{\f0\insrsid5974610 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implied terms and conditions \par 57 Reasonable time a question of fact \par 58 Rights and duties under Act enforceable by}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 action \par 59 Auction sales \par 60 Savings}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 SCHEDULE}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 ____________________ \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 To consolidate certain enactments relating to the sale of goods}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 1 Short title}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 This is the Sale of Goods Act 1908.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 2 Interpretation}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) In this Act \endash }{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 action}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes counterclaim and set-off;}{ \f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 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another;}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 document of title to goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes any bill of lading, dock warrant,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 warehouse keeper\rquote s certificate, and warrant or order for the delivery}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of goods, and any other document used in the ordinary course of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 business as proof of the possession or control of goods, or authorising}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or purporting to authorise, either by endorsement or by delivery, the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 possessor of the document to transfer or receive goods thereby}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 represented; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 fault}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means wrongful act or default;}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 future goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means goods to be manufactured or acquired by the seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 after the making of the contract of sale; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes all chattels person other than money or things in action.}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 The term includes emblements, growing crops, and things attached to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or forming part of the land which are agreed to be severed before sale}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or under the contract of sale; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 plaintiff}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes defendant counterclaiming; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 property}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means the general property in goods, and not merely a special}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 property; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 quality of goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes their state or condition; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 sale}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes a bargain and sale, as well as a sale and delivery; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means a person who sells or agrees to sell goods; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 specific goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means goods identified and agreed on at the time a contract}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of sale is made; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 warranty}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means an agreement with reference to goods which are the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 subject of a contract of sale, but collateral to the main purpose of such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract, the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damages, but not}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx360\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 writ of execution}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means any writ of sale, warrant of distress, or other}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 writ or warrant of execution under which chattels of any kind may be}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seized or taken to satisfy process issued out of any Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) A thing is deemed to be done }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in good faith}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 within the meaning of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 this Act when it is in fact done honestly, whether it is done negligently or not. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) A person is deemed to be insolvent, within the meaning of this Act,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 who either has ceased to pay his debts in the ordinary course of business, or cannot}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 pay his debts as they become due, whether he has committed an act of bankruptcy}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or not.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Goods are in a }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 deliverable state}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 within the meaning of this Act when}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 they are in such a state that the buyer would under the contract be bound to take}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 delivery of them.}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 1}{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Contract of Sale}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 3 Sale and agreement to sell}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller transfers or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration,}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 called }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the price}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 .}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) There may be a contract of sale between one part owner and another.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Where under a contract of sale the property in the goods is transferred}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 from the seller to the buyer the contract is called }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 a sale}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ; but where the transfer of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the property in the goods is to take place at a future time, or subject to some}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 condition thereafter to be fulfilled, the contract is called }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 an agreement to sell}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 . \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (5) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 transferred.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 4 Capacity to buy and sell}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1)}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Capacity to buy and sell is regulated by the general law concerning}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 capacity to contract, and to transfer and acquire property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Where necessaries are sold and delivered to a person who by reason}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 must pay a reasonable price for them.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Necessaries}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in this section means goods suitable to the condition in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 life of the person, and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Formalities of the Contract}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 5 Contract of sale, how made}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this and any other Act, a contract of sale may be made in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 writing (either with or without seal), or by word of mouth, or partly in writing}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and partly by word of mouth, or may be implied from the conduct of the parties. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Nothing in this section shall affect the law relating to corporations.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 6 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 [Repealed]}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Subject-Matter of Contract}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 7 Existing or future goods}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 existing goods, owned or possessed by the seller, or goods to be manufactured or}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 acquired by the seller after the making of the contract of sale, in this Act called}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 future goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 . \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) There may be a contract for the sale of goods, the acquisition of which}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 by the seller depends upon a contingency which may or may not happen. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where by a contract of sale the seller purports to effect a present sale of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 future goods, the contract operates as an agreement to sell the goods. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 8 Goods which have perished}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods, and the goods without}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the knowledge of the seller have perished at the time when the contract is made, }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the contract is void.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 9 Goods perishing before sale but after agreement to sell \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where there is an agreement to sell specific goods, and subsequently the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods, without any fault on the part of the seller or buyer, perish before the risk}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 passes to the buyer, the agreement is thereby avoided.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 The Price}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 10 Ascertainment of price}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) The price in a contract of sale may be fixed by the contract, or may be}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 left to be fixed in manner thereby agreed, or may be determined by the course of}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 dealing between the parties. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where the price is not determined under subsection (1) the buyer must}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 pay a reasonable price. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) What is a reasonable price is a question of fact, dependent on the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 circumstances of each particular case.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 11 Agreement to sell at valuation}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 (1) \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Where there is an agreement to sell goods on the terms that the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 price is to be fixed by the valuation of a third party, and such third}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 party cannot or does not make such valuation, the agreement is}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 avoided. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) If the goods or any part have been delivered to and appropriated}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price for them. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where such third party is prevented from making the valuation by the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 fault of the seller or buyer, the party not in fault may maintain an action for damages }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 against the party in fault. \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Conditions and Warranties}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 12 Stipulations as to time}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the contract,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 stipulations as to time of payment are not deemed to be of the essence of a contract}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of sale. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Whether any other stipulation as to time is of the essence of the contract}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or not depends on the terms of the contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) In a contract of sale }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 month}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 means prima facie calendar month.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 13 When condition to be treated as warranty}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where a contract of sale is subject to any condition to be fulfilled by the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller, the buyer may waive the condition, or may elect to treat the breach of such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 condition as a breach of warranty, and not as a ground for treating the contract as}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 repudiated. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition, the breach of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 which may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated, or a warranty, }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the breach of which may give rise to a claim for damages but not to a right to reject}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, depends in each case on the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 construction of the contract. A stipulation may be a condition, though called a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 warranty}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where a contract of sale is not severable, and the buyer has accepted}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the goods or part of it, or where the contract is for specific goods the property in}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 which has passed to the buyer, the breach of any condition to be fulfilled by the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller can only be treated as a breach of warranty, and not as a ground for rejecting}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the goods and treating the contract as repudiated, unless there is a term of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract, express or implied, to that effect. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Nothing in this section shall affect the case of any condition or warranty}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 fulfilment of which is excused by law by reason of impossibility or otherwise. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 14 Implied undertaking as to title \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 In a contract of sale, unless the circumstances of the contract are such as to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 show a different intention, there is \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) An implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 sale he has a right to sell the goods, and that in the case of an}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agreement to sell he will have a right to sell the goods at the time}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 when the property is to pass; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) An implied warranty that the buyer shall have and enjoy quiet}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 possession of the goods; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) An implied warranty that the goods are free from any charge or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 encumbrance in favour of any third party, not declared or known}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the buyer before or at the time when the contract is made. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 15 Sale by description}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description there is an}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 implied condition that the goods shall correspond with the description; and if the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 sale is by sample, as well as by description, it is not sufficient that the bulk of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 description.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 16 Implied conditions as to quality or fitness}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Subject to this and any other Act, there is no implied warranty or condition}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 as to the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods supplied under a}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract of sale, except as follows \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Where the buyer, expressly or by implication, makes known to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller the particular purpose for which the goods are required, so}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 as to show that the buyer relies on the seller\rquote s skill or judgement,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and the goods are of a description which it is in the course of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller\rquote s business to supply (whether he is the manufacturer or not),}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 there is an implied condition that the goods shall be reasonably fit}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 for such purpose: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Provided that in the case of a contract for the sale of a specified}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 article under its patent or other trade name, there is no implied}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 condition as to its fitness for any particular purpose; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Where goods are brought by description from a seller who deals in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods of that description (whether he is the manufacturer or not),}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 there is an implied condition that the goods shall be of merchantable}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 quality: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Provided that if the buyer has examined the goods, there shall be}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 no implied condition as regards defects which such examination}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ought to have revealed; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) An implied warranty or condition as to quality or fitness for a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 particular purpose may be annexed by the usage of trade; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (d) An express warranty or condition does not negative a warranty or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 condition implied by this Act unless inconsistent therewith. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\i\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Sale by Sample}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 17 Sale by sample}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) A contract of sale is a contract for sale by sample where there is a term}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the contract, express or implied, to that effect. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) In the case of a contract for sale by sample, there is an implied condition\endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) That the bulk shall correspond with the sample in quality; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) That the buyer shall have a reasonable opportunity of comparing}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the bulk with the sample; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) That the goods shall be free from any defect, rendering them}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 unmerchantable, which would not be apparent on reasonable}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 examination of the sample.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 2 \par EFFECTS OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Transfer of Property as Between Seller and Buyer}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 18 Goods must be ascertained}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained goods, no property}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the goods is transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained.} {\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 19 Property passes when intended to pass}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where there is a contract for the sale of specific or ascertained goods,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the property in them is transferred to the buyer at such time as the parties to the }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract intend it to be transferred. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) For the purpose of ascertaining the intention of the parties, regard shall}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 be had to the terms of the contract, the conduct of the parties, and the circumstances}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the case.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 20 Rules for ascertaining intention}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Unless a different intention appears, the following are rules for ascertaining}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the intention of the parties as to the time at which the property in the goods is to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 pass to the buyer:}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Rule 1. Where there is an unconditional contract for the sale of specific}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods, in a deliverable state, the property in the goods passes to the buyer when}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the contract is made, and it is immaterial whether the time of payment or the time}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of delivery, or both, is postponed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Rule 2. Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods, and the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller is bound to do something to the goods for the purpose of putting them into}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 a deliverable state, the property does not pass until such thing is done, and the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 buyer has notice of it. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Rule 3. Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 state, but the seller is bound to weigh, measure, test, or do some other act or thing}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 with reference to the goods for the purpose of ascertaining the price, the property}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 does not pass until such act or thing is done, and the buyer has notice of it. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Rule 4. Where goods are delivered to the buyer on approval, or }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 on sale or}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 return}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or other similar terms, the property in it passes to the buyer \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) When he signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller, or does}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 any other act adopting the transaction; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) If he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller, }{\f0\insrsid5262005\charrsid7235005 but retains}{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the goods without giving notice of rejection then, if a time}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 has been fixed for the return of the goods, on the expiration of such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 time, and if no time has been fixed, on the expiration of a reasonable}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 time. What is a reasonable time is a question of fact. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 Rule 5. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained or future}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods by description, and goods of that description and in a deliverable state are}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 unconditionally appropriated to the contract, either by the seller with the assent}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the buyer or by the buyer with the assent of the seller, the property in the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ther eupon passes to the buyer. Such assent may be expressed or implied, and may}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 be given either before or after the appropriation is made. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where, in pursuance of the contract, the seller delivers the goods to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 buyer, or to a carrier or other bailee (whether named by the buyer or not) for the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 purpose of transmission to the buyer, and does not reserve the right of disposal,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 he is deemed to have unconditionally appropriated the goods to the contract. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 21 Reservation of right of disposal}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods, or where goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 are subsequently appropriated to the contract, the seller may, by the terms of the} {\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract or appropriation, reserve the right of disposal of the goods until certain}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 conditions are fulfilled. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) In such case, notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to the buyer, or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, the property}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the goods does not pass to the buyer until the conditions imposed by the seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 are fulfilled. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where goods are shipped, and by the bill of lading the goods are}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 deliverable to the order of the seller or his agent, the seller is prima facie deemed}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to reserve the right of disposal. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price, and transmits}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the bill of exchange and bill of lading to the buyer together to secure acceptance or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 payment of the bill of exchange, the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading if}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 he does not honour the bill of exchange, and if he wrongfully retains the bill of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 lading the property in the goods does not pass to him. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 22 Risk }{\b\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 prima facie }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 passes with property}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1)}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Unless otherwise agreed, the goods remain at the seller\rquote s risk until}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the property in them is transferred to the buyer; but when the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 property in them is transferred to the buyer the goods are at the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 buyer \rquote s risk, whether delivery has been made or not. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Where delivery has been delayed through fault of either buyer or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 sell er, the goods are at the risk of the party if fault as regards any}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 loss which might not have occurred but for such fault. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Nothing in this section shall affect the duties or liabilities of either seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or buyer as a bailee of the goods of the other party.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Transfer of Title}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 23 Sale by person not the owner}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this Act, where goods are sold by a person who is not the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 owner of them, and who does not sell them under the authority or with the consent}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the owner, the buyer acquires no better title to the goods than the seller had,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 authority to sell.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Nothing in this Act shall affect \endash }{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) The Mercantile Law Act 1908, or any other enactment enabling the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 apparent owner of goods to dispose of them as if he were the true}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 owner of them; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) The validity of any contract of sale under any special common law}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or statutory power of sale, or under the order of a Court of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 competent jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 24 Market overt}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 The law relating to market overt shall not apply in Niue.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 25 Sale under voidable title}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where the seller of goods has a voidable title to them, but his title has not}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 been avoided at the time of the sale, the buyer acquires a good title to the goods,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 provided he buys them in good faith and without notice of the seller\rquote s defect of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 title.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 26 Revesting of property in stolen goods on conviction of offender}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where goods have been stolen and the offender is prosecuted to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 conviction, the property in the goods so stolen revests in the person who was the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 owner of the goods, or his personal representative, notwithstanding any}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 intermediate dealing with them, whether by sale in market overt or otherwise. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Notwithstanding any enactment to the contrary, where goods have been}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 obtained by fraud or other wrongful means not amounting to theft, the property}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in such goods shall not revest in the person who was the owner of the goods, or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 his personal representative, by reason only of the conviction of the offender. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 27 Seller or buyer in possession after sale}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where a person, having sold goods continues or is in possession of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods, or of the documents of title to the goods, the delivery or transfer by that}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person, or by a mercantile agent acting for him, of the goods or documents of title}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 under any sale, pledge, or other disposition of it, or under any agreement for sale,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 pledge, or other disposition of it, to any person receiving the same in good faith}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and without notice of the previous sale, shall have the same effect as if the person}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 making the delivery or transfer were expressly authorised by the owner of the }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods to make the same. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where a person, having brought or agreed to buy goods, obtains, with}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the consent of the seller, possession of the goods or the documents of title to the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods, the delivery or transfer by that person, or by a mercantile agent acting for}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 him, of the goods or documents of title, under any sale, pledge, or other disposition}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of it, or under any agreement for sale, pledge, or other disposition of it, to any}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person receiving the same in good faith and without notice of any lien or other}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 right of the original seller in respect of the goods, shall have the same effect as if}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the person making the delivery or transfer were a mercantile agent in possession}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the goods or documents of title with the consent of the owner: \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11682489 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Provided that if the lien or other right of the original seller is expressed in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 an instrument duly registered under the Chattels Transfer Act 1924, and if the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person selling, pledging, or disposing of the goods or agreeing so to do is the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 mortgagor or bailee named in such instrument, then the person receiving the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 shall be deemed to have had notice of the contents of such instrument. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) In this section }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 mercantile agent}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 has the same meaning as in Part 1 of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the Mercantile Law Act 1908. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 28 Effect of writs of execution}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11682489 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 a) A writ of execution against goods binds the property in the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the execution debtor as from the time when the writ is delivered}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the Sheriff to be executed; and, for the better manifestation of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 such time, the Sheriff shall, without fee, upon the receipt of any}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 such writ, endorse on the back thereof the hour, day, month and}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 year when he received the same. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11682489 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11682489 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) No such writ shall prejudice the title to such goods acquired by any}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person in good faith and for valuable consideration, unless such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person had at the time when he acquired his title notice that such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 writ or any other writ under which the goods of the execution debtor}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 might be seized or attached had been delivered to and remained}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 unexecuted in the hands of the Sheriff. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) In this section }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Sheriff}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes any officer charged with the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 enforcement of a writ of execution.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 3 \par PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 29 Duties of seller and buyer}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods, and of the buyer to accept}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and pay for them under the terms of the contract of sale. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 30 Payment and delivery are concurrent conditions \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Unless otherwise agreed, delivery of the goods and payment of the price}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 are concurrent conditions \endash that is to say, the seller must be ready and willing to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price, and the buyer}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 must be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 31 Rules as to delivery}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Whether it is for the buyer to take possession of the goods or for the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller to send them to the buyer is a question depending in each case on the contract,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 express or implied, between the parties.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 (2) \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Apart from any such contract, express or implied, the place of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 delivery is the seller\rquote s place of business, if he has one, and if not,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 his residence.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) If the contract is for the sale of specific goods, which to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 knowledge of the parties when the contract is made are in some}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 other place, then that place is the place of delivery. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where under the contract of sale the seller is bound to send the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the buyer, but no time for sending them is fixed, the seller is bound to send}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 them within a reasonable time. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4)}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Where the goods at the time of sale are in the possession of a third}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 person, there is no delivery by seller to buyer unless and until such}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 third person acknowledges to the buyer that he holds the goods on}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 his behalf. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Nothing in this section shall affect the operation of the issue or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 transfer of any document of title to goods. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par (5) \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Demand or tender of delivery may be treated as ineffectual unless}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 made at a reasonable hour; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) What is a reasonable hour is a question of fact. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (6) Unless otherwise agreed, the expenses of and incidental to putting the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods into a delivery state must be borne by the seller. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 32 Delivery of wrong quantity}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods less than he}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contracted to sell, the buyer may reject them, but if the buyer accepts the goods so }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where the seller delivers to the buyer a quantity of goods larger than}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 he contracted to sell, the buyer may accept the goods included in the contract and}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reject the rest, or he may reject the whole. If the buyer accepts the whole of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods so delivered he must pay for them at the contract rate. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where the seller delivers to the buyer the goods he contracted to sell}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 mixed with goods of a different description not included in the contract, the buyer}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 may accept the goods which are under the contract and reject the rest, or he may}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reject the whole. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) The provisions of this section are subject to any usage of trade, special}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agreement, or course of dealing between the parties. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 33 Instalment deliveries}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Unless otherwise agreed, the buyer of goods is not bound to accept}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 delivery of it by instalments. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where there is a contract for the sale of goods to be delivered by stated}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 instalments, which are to be separately paid for, and the seller makes defective}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 deliveries in respect of one or more instalments, or the buyer neglects or refuses to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 take delivery of or pay for one or more instalments, it is a question in each case}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 depending on the terms of the contract and the circumstances of the case, whether}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the breach of contract is a repudiation of the whole contract or whether it is a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 severable breach, giving rise to a claim for compensation but not to a right to treat}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the whole contract as repudiated. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 34 Delivery to carrier}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where, under a contract of sale, the seller is authorised or required to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 send the goods to the buyer, delivery of the goods to a carrier, whether named by}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the buyer or not, for the purpose of transmission to the buyer is prima facie deemed}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to be a delivery of the goods to the buyer. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par (2) \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Unless otherwise authorised by the buyer, the seller must make}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 such contract with the carrier on behalf of the buyer as may be}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reasonable, having regard to the nature of the goods and the other}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 circumstances of the case. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) If the seller omits so to do, and the goods are lost or damaged in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 course of transit, the buyer may decline to treat the delivery to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 carrier as a delivery to himself, or may hold the seller responsible}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in damages. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Unless otherwise agreed, where goods are sent by the seller to the buyer}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 by a route involving sea transit, under circumstances in which it is usual to insure,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the seller must give such notice to the buyer as may enable him to insure them}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 during their sea transit, and, if the seller fails to do so, the goods shall be deemed}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to be at his risk during such sea transit. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 35 Risk where goods delivered at distant place}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where the seller of goods agrees to deliver them at his own risk at a place}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 other than that where they are when sold, the buyer must, nevertheless, unless}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 otherwise agreed, take any risk of deterioration in the goods necessarily incident}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the course of transit.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 36 Buyer\rquote s right of examining goods \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where goods are delivered to the buyer, which he has not previously}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 examined, he is not deemed to have accepted them unless and until he has had a}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reasonable opportunity of examining them for the purpose of ascertaining whether}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 they are in conformity with the contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Unless otherwise agreed, when the seller tenders delivery of goods to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the buyer, he is bound, on request, to afford the buyer a reasonable opportunity of}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 examining the goods for the purpose of ascertaining whether they are in conformity}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 with the contract.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 37 Acceptance}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 The buyer is deemed to have accepted the goods when he intimates to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller that he has accepted them, or when the goods have been delivered to him,}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and he does any act in relation to them which is inconsistent with the ownership}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the seller, or when after the lapse of a reasonable time he retains the goods,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 without intimating to the seller that he has rejected them. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 38 Buyer not bound to return rejected goods}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Unless otherwise agreed, where goods are delivered to the buyer, and he}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 refuses to accept them, having the right so to do, he is not bound to return them to}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the seller, but it is sufficient if he intimates to the seller that he refuses to accept}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 them. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 39 Liability of buyer for neglecting or refusing delivery}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where the seller is ready and willing to deliver the goods, and requests}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the buyer to take delivery, and the buyer does not within a reasonable time after}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 such request take delivery of the goods, he is liable to the seller for any loss}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 occasioned by his neglect or re fusal to take delivery, and also for a reasonable}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 charge for the care and custody of the goods. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Nothing in this section shall affect the rights of the seller where the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 neglect or refusal of the buyer to take delivery amounts to a repudiation of the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 4 \par RIGHTS OF UNPAID SELLER AGAINST THE GOODS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 40 }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Unpaid seller}{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 defined}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) The seller of goods is deemed to be an }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 unpaid seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 , within the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 meaning of this Act \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) When the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) When a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument has been}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 received as conditional payment, and the condition on which it was}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 received has not been fulfilled by reason of the dishonour of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 instrument or otherwise.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) In this Part, }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 includes any person who is in the position of a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller, as, for instance, an agent of the seller to whom the bill of lading has been}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 endorsed, or a consignor or agent who has himself paid or is directly responsible}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 for the price.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 41 Unpaid seller\rquote s rights}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this Act, and of any statute in that behalf, notwithstanding}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 that the property in the goods may have passed to the buyer, the unpaid seller of}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods, as such, has, by implication of law \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) A lien on the goods, or right to retain them for the price, while he is}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in possession of them; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) In case of the insolvency of the buyer, a right of stopping the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in transit after he has parted with the possession of them; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) A right of resale, as limited by this Act. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where the property in goods has not passed to the buyer, the unpaid}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller has, in addition to his other remedies, right of withholding delivery similar}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to and co-extensive with his rights of lien and stoppage in transit where the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 property has passed to the buyer.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Unpaid Seller\rquote s Lien}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 42 Unpaid seller\rquote s lien}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this Act, the unpaid seller of goods who is in possession of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 them is entitled to retain possession of them until payment or tender of the price}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the following cases, namely \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Where the goods have been sold without any stipulation as to credit; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Where the goods have been sold on credit, but the term of credit}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 has expired; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) Where the buyer becomes insolvent. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The seller may exercise his right of lien, notwithstanding that he is in}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 possession of the goods as agent or bailee for the buyer.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 43 Part delivery}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where an unpaid seller has made part delivery of the goods, he may exercise}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 his right of lien or retention on the remainder, unless such part delivery has been} {\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 made under such circumstances as to show an agreement to waive the lien or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 right of retention.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 44 Termination of lien}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) The unpaid seller of goods loses his lien or right of retention thereon \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) When he delivers the goods to a carrier or other bailee for the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 purpose of transmission to the buyer without reserving the right of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 disposal of the goods; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) When the buyer or his agent lawfully obtains possession of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (c) By waiver of it.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The unpaid seller of goods, having a lien or right of retention on it,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 does not lose his lien or right of retention by reason only that he has obtained}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 judgment for the price of the goods. \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Stoppage in Transit}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 45 Right of stoppage in transit}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Subject to this Act, when the buyer of goods becomes insolvent, the unpaid}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller who has parted with the possession of the goods has the right of stopping}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 them in transit \endash that is to say, he may resume possession of the goods as long as}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 they are in course of tr ansit, and may retain them until payment or tender of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 price.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 46 Duration of transit}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Goods are deemed to be in course of transit from the time when they}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 are delivered to a carrier by land or water, or other bailee for the purpose of}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 transmission to the buyer, until the buyer, or his agent in that behalf, takes delivery}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of them from such carrier or other bailee. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) If the buyer or his agent in that behalf obtains delivery of the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 before their arrival at the appointed destination, the transit is at an end. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) If, after the arrival of the goods at the appointed destination, the carrier}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or other bailee acknowledges to the buyer or his agent that he holds the goods on}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 his behalf, and continues in possession of them as bailee for the buyer, or his}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agent, the transit is at an end, and it is immaterial that a further destination for the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods may have been indicated by the buyer. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) If the goods are rejected by the buyer, and the carrier or other bailee}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 continues in possession of them, the transit is not deemed to be at an end, even if} {\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the seller has refused to receive them back. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (5) When goods are delivered to a ship chartered by the buyer, it is a}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 question, depending on the circumstances of the particular case, whether they are}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 in the possession of the master as a carrier or as agent to the buyer. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (6) Where the carrier or other bailee wrongfully refuses to deliver the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the buyer, or his agent in that behalf, the transit is deemed to be at an end. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (7) Where part delivery of the goods has been made to the buyer, or his}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agent in that behalf, the remainder of the goods may be stopped in transit, unless}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 such part delivery has been made under such circumstances as to show an}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 agreement to give up }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 possession of the whole of the goods. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 47 How stoppage in transit effected \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par (1) \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) The unpaid seller may exercise his right of stoppage in transit either}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 by taking actual possession of the goods, or by giving notice of his}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 claim to the carrier or other bailee in whose possession the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 are. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Such notice may be given either to the person in actual possession}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of the goods or to his principal. In the latter case the notice, to be}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 effectual, must be given at such time and under such circumstances}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 that the principal, by the exercise of reasonable diligence, may}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 communicate it to his servant or agent in time to prevent a delivery}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the buyer.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2)}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) When notice of stoppage in transit is given by the seller to the carrier,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or other bailee in possession of the goods, he must redeliver the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods to or according to the directions of the seller. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) The expenses of such redelivery must be borne by the seller. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\i\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Resale by Buyer or Seller}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 48 Effect of subsale or pledge by buyer}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this Act, the unpaid seller\rquote s right of lien or retention or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 stoppage in transit is not affected by any sale or other disposition of the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 which the buyer may have made, unless the seller has assented. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where a document of title to goods has been lawfully transferred to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 any person as buyer or owner of the goods, and that person transfers the document}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to a person who takes the document in good faith and for valuable }{\f0\insrsid5262005\charrsid7235005 consideration, then}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 , if such last-mentioned transfer was by way of sale, the unpaid seller\rquote s right}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of lien or retention or stoppage in transit is defeated, and if such last-mentioned}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 transfer was by way of pledge or other disposition for value, the unpaid seller\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit can only be exercised subject to the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 rights of the transferee. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 49 Sale not generally rescinded by lien or stoppage in transit}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Subject to this section, a contract of sale is not rescinded by the mere}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 exercise by an unpaid seller of his right of lien or retentio n or stoppage in transit. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where an unpaid seller who has exercised his right of lien or retention}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or stoppage in transit resells the goods, the buyer acquires a good title thereto as }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 against the original buyer. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where the goods are of a perishable nature, or where the unpaid seller}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 gives notice to the buyer of his intention to resell, and the buyer does not within a }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reasonable time pay or tender the price, the unpaid seller may resell the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 and recover from the original buyer damages for any lo ss occasioned by his breach}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Where the seller expressly reserves a right of resale in case the buyer}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 should make default, and on the buyer making default resells the goods, the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 original contract of sale is thereby rescinded, but without prejudice to any claim}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the seller may have for damages.}{\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 5 \par ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF THE CONTRACT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Remedies of the Seller}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 50 Action for price}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where, under a contract of sale, the property in the goods has passed}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to the buyer, and the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay for the goods}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 under the terms of the contract, the seller may maintain an action against him for}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the price of the goods. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) Where, under a contract of sale, the price is payable on a day certain}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 irrespective of delivery, and the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to pay such}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 price, the seller may maintain an action for the price, although the property in the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods has not passed, and the goods have not been appropriated to the contract. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 51 Damages for non-acceptance}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to accept and pay for}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the goods, the seller may maintain an action against him for damages for }{ \f0\insrsid5262005\charrsid7235005 non}{\f0\insrsid5262005 }{\f0\insrsid5262005\charrsid7235005 acceptance}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 . \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 resulting, in the ordinary course of events, from the buyer\rquote s breach of contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where there is an available market for the goods in question, the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 measure of damages is prima facie to be ascertained by the difference between the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 contract prize and the market or current price at the time or times when the goods}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ought to have been accepted, or if no time was fixed for acceptance, then t the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 time of the refusal to accept. \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Remedies of the Buyer}{\i\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\i\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 52 Damages for non-delivery}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where the seller wrongfully neglects or refuses to deliver the goods to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the buyer, the buyer may maintain an action against the seller for damages for}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 non-delivery. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The measure of damages is the estimated loss directly and naturally}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 resulting, in the ordinary course of events, from the seller\rquote s breach of contract. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) Where there is an available market for the goods in question the measure}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of damages is prima facie to be ascertained by the difference between the contract} {\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 prize and the market or current price of the goods at the time or times when they}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ought to have been delivered, or if no time was fixed, then at the time of the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 refusal to deliver. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 53 Specific performance}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) In an action for breach of contract to deliver specific or ascertained}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 goods the Court may on the application of the plaintiff, by its judgment direct}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 that the contract shall be performed specifically, without giving the defendant the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 option of retaining the goods on payment of damages. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The judgement may be unconditional, or upon such terms and}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 conditions as to damages, payment of the price, and otherwise, as the Court }{ \f0\insrsid5262005\charrsid7235005 deems just}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 ; and the application by the plaintiff may be made at any time before judgment. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 54 Remedy for breach of warranty \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where there is a breach of warranty by the seller, or where the buyer}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 elects or is compelled to treat any breach of a condition on the part of the seller }{ \f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 as a}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 breach of warranty, the buyer is not by reason only of such breach of }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 warranty entitled}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 to reject the goods; but he may \endash \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Set up against the seller the breach of warranty in diminution or}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 extinction of the price; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Maintain an action against the seller for damages for the breach of}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 warranty. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The measure of damages for breach of warranty is the estimated loss}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 directly and naturally resulting in the ordinary course of events, from the breach}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 of warranty. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) In the case of breach of warranty of quality, such loss is prima facie the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 difference between the value of the goods at the time of delivery to the buyer and}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the value they would have had if they had answered to the warranty. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) The fact that the buyer has set up the breach of warranty in diminution}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or extinction of the price does not prevent him from maintaining an action for the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 same breach of warranty if he has suffered further damage. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 55 Interest and special damages, or recovery of money paid \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Nothing in this Act shall affect the right of the buyer or the seller to recover}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 interest or special damages in any case where by law interest or special damages}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 may be recoverable, or to recover money paid when the consideration for the}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 payment of it has failed. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 PART 6 \par SUPPLEMENTARY \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 56 Exclusion of implied terms and conditions \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where any right, duty or liability would arise under a contract of sale by}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 implication of law, it may be negatived or varied by express agreement or by the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 course of dealing between the parties, or by usage, if the usage is such as to bind}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 both parties to the contract. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 57 Reasonable time a question of fact \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where by this Act any reference is made to a }{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 reasonable time}{\f0\insrsid7235005 "}{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 , the question}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{ \f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 what is a reasonable time is a question of fact. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 58 Rights and duties under Act enforceable by action \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 Where any right, duty, or liability is declared by this Act, it may, unless}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 otherwise by this Act provided, be enforced by action. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 59 Auction sales \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) Where goods are put up for sale by auction in lots, each lot is prima}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 facie deemed to be the subject of a separate contract of sale. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) A sale by auction is complete when the auctioneer announces its}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 completion by the fall of the hammer, or in other customary manner: until such}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 announcement is made any bidder may retract his bid. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3)}{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (a) Where a sale by auction is not notified to be subject to a right to bid}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 on behalf of the seller, the seller shall not bid himself or employ}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 any person to bid at such sale, nor shall the auctioneer knowingly}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 take any bid from the seller or any such person. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (b) Any sale contravening this rule may be treated as fraudulent by}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the buyer. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) A sale by auction may be notified to be subject to a reserved or upset}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 price, and a right to bid may also be reserved expressly by or on behalf of the}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 seller. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (5) Where a right to bid is expressly reserved, but not otherwise, the seller,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 or any one person on his behalf, may bid at the auction. \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 60 Savings}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\b\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (1) The rules in bankruptcy relating to contracts of sale shall continue to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 apply to it, notwithstanding anything in this Act. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (2) The rules of the common law, including the law merchant, save in so}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 far as they are inconsistent with the express provisions of this Act, and in particular }{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 the rules relating to the law of principal and agent, and the effect of fraud,}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 misrepresentation, duress or coercion, mistake, or other invalidating cause, shall}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 continue to apply to contracts for the sale of goods. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (3) The provisions of this Act relating to contracts of sale do not apply to}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 any transaction in the form of a contract of sale which is intended to operate by}{ \f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 way of mortgage, pledge, charge, or other security. \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 (4) Nothing in this Act shall affect the enactments in force relating to chattels}{\f0\insrsid7235005 }{\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 transfer, or any enactment in force relating to the sale of goods.}{ \f0\insrsid5974610 \par }{\f0\insrsid7235005\charrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid7235005 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\b\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid12396314 SCHEDULE}{\b\f0\insrsid5974610 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12396314 {\b\f0\insrsid12396314\charrsid12396314 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7235005 {\f0\insrsid5974610\charrsid7235005 [Not reproduced]}{\f0\insrsid11087364\charrsid7235005 \par }}