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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 IN THE NIUE COURT OF APPEAL
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid15492170 Responden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid15492170 
\par 
\par Date:\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2568163 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748  April 2024}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid15492170  (NZT)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9640748 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid15492170 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313212 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5313212 DECISION OF CHIEF JUDGE C T COXHEAD}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5313212\charrsid15492170 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244907 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9640748 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 This is an oral decision and as such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10244907\charrsid10244907 I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7427286 am permitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10244907\charrsid10244907 
to tidy up the decision once the minutes are typed back, but the content and the substance of the decision will not change}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2568163   I have made appropriate typo and grammar amendments to this written version of my oral decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10244907 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 Introduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12917477\charrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477 Thank you all for reconvening.  I repeat the statements that I made this morning about thanking both Counsel for their assistance in providing your submission }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477 also providing the attachments that went with your submission.  They were certainly very helpful for this appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 .
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477 
hank you for agreeing to hold this appeal by Zoom given we were unable to hear it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477  last time }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12023343\charrsid12917477 I was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6125188\charrsid12917477  in Niue.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 High Court Rules Amendment No. 2
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 Clearly in accordance with the High Court Rules Amendment No. 2, I do have the jurisdiction to hear the matter.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 Rules }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 provide that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 when a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 ommissioner and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 in this case a Commissioner and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 two J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 ustices of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 eace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477  make a decision in a criminal matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 it can be appealed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 High Court Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 hear it.  Part of that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477  reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 , as I understand it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477  would be that allows for a two-step }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 process where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13006082\charrsid12917477 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 Judge of the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 can hear the appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 
and then that also allows for another appeal to the Court of Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12023343\charrsid12917477 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 Niue Act 1966
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 I asked this morning as to what I can or cannot do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477  in terms of a decision.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 I have had a look and in terms of the Niue Act 1966, s 87 provides for a re-hearing of criminal proceeding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 .  It}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477  doesn\rquote t actually specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748  say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 
 whether I can quash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 a conviction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 
but it does give, I think some interpretation of what can be done with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 appeal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 Grounds for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 Appeal
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477\charrsid12917477 
The Court did not follow due process during the various Court sittings leading up to the trial and during the actual trial.  Without due process there was no chance for defence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 
he Appeal that we have is with regards to Mr Harding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 ccording to the grounds of appeal filed with the Notice of Intention to Appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 discussed this morning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 he first ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 that the Court did not follow due process during the various Court sittings leading up to the trial and during the actual trial.  Witho
ut due process there was no chance for defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12811834\charrsid12917477 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 
I discussed this morning, as I saw it, there were two very clear matters.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 Firstly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 
was the delay in leading up to the trial and then second, the processes with regards to that delay.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 
In terms of what the Court, need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477  to look for, and Ms Hekau has mentioned this briefly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477  whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477  processes in the hearings, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 in the sentencing ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917477 ve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15555669 led}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12917477  to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 miscarriage of justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477   Not all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477  unfair processes will lead to a miscarriage of justice and so what the Court does need to assess is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 been errors, irregularities or occurrences in or relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966055 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
affecting the trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966055 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 e can have processes that aren\rquote t quite perfect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022  but that may not affect the outcome of the hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 he real question is, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 has an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022\charrsid12917477 error, irregularit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022\charrsid12917477  or occurrences in or relation to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022\charrsid12917477 affecting the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 created a real risk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966055 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 the outcomes of the trial was affected or has this resulted in an unfair trial or a trial that was a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966055  nullity}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7166517\charrsid12917477 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
The first question in terms of delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6966055 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 here have been delays}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022  leading up to the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 .  There }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 have been a number of requests for adjournments}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347  and adjournments granted.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
n my view those delays in themselves have not caused prejudice in the way that the trial has occurred or there hasn\rquote t been a miscarriage of justice which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 has }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 created a real risk }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
the outcome of the trial has been affected.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 n my view the delays themselv
es have not resulted in that happening.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid7349347 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
he second part is the process }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 the trial itself.  Now, the trial itself I think was affected and the key issue here, is that there was a witness, who defence wished to call, and have them attend by Zoom.  
Now, the decision makers being the Commissioner and two Justices of the Peace declined to allow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 the witness to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
attend by Zoom.  I am not sure why that was declined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022   No reasons are given.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 learly not being able to have, as the appellant says, a key witnes
s appear to provide evidence and to have their evidence tested, I think has created a real risk as to the outcome of the trial.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15880022 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
here are other matters that I also want to address as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536160 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7349347\charrsid7349347 The decision of the Court was based on hearsay evidence
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid7349347 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536160 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
second ground for appeal is that the decision of the Court was based on hearsay evidence.  It is clear that the decision makers, they say }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 in their decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 considered all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 rom that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
 I take it that they have considered the hearsay evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 
What weight they have given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12845544\charrsid12917477 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 hearsay evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 is not so clear.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15880022 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 here is no prohibition on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347  Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 considering that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 hearsay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 Niue law certainly allows for it.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 
289 clearly allows a discretion for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 to
 be allowed to submit the evidence that they see as being helpful.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid15880022 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15880022 Section 289 states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7349347 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1276\itap0\pararsid16526696\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid14240802 289 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid10244907\charrsid14240802 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid14240802 Discretionary power to admit or reject evidence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10244907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-567\li1276\ri521\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1276\itap0\pararsid5262564\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid10244907 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5262564 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid10244907 
Subject to this Act, a Court may in any proceedings admit and receive such evidence as it thinks fit, and accept and act on such evidence as it thinks sufficient, whether that evidence is or is not admissible or sufficient at common law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid10244907 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid10244907 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5262564 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid7349347\charrsid10244907 A Court may 
in any proceedings refuse to receive any evidence, whether admissible or not at common law, which it considers irrelevant, or needless, or unsatisfactory as being  hearsay  or other secondary evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 I do note 289(2) does g
ive warning as to some caution should be taken when accepting hearsay evidence.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10244907 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 The thing here is it is unclear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 to me }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 as to what influence the hearsay evidence had with regards to the decision.  I can\rquote 
t say that the decision makers weighed up the hearsay evidence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 
had a determinative influence on the decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 .  I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 can\rquote t say that it had no influence on the decision}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5262564\charrsid5262564 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16214258 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477  that regard the ground }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477  appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13776792\charrsid12917477 hearsay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477  evidence was used, it is clear that yes it was used, because the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 Commissioner and Justices of the Peace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 themselves say it was used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 when they say they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 
considered all evidence.  What influence it ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477  terms of an error, irregularity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 
create}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477  a real risk to the outcome of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 ?  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 I don\rquote t think }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 can }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 be said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043\charrsid12917477 any certainty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 that it did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 have an influence or no influence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247\charrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6034080\charrsid8329247 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid8329247 Clearly, the preferred approach would have been that the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043\charrsid8329247 people who made the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid8329247 statements that the Police did submit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11803043\charrsid8329247 as exhibits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid8329247  were called before the Court and their evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16214258\charrsid8329247 was tested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid8329247 through cross-examination.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258\charrsid8329247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16214258 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 
y final point on the hearsay issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477  that hearsay was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 allowed to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 admitted.  I am }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 unable to determine whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10297359 hearsay evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 admitted was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 a major factor in the decision that was made.  It may have been or it may not have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 I don\rquote t think that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16214258 the Commissioner and Justices of the Peace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 
considering the evidence can be said to have created a risk in terms of the decision of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  when they considered that evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6034080\charrsid12917477 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16214258\charrsid16214258 The decision of the Court provided no judicial reasoning
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 The next }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10297359 issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 is to do with the reasoning.  The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 Commissioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10297359  and Justices of the Peace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 
did provide reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10297359 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493   It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477  was brief}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 .  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 t would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477  helpful if it was 
more detailed around their reasoning in terms of the conviction itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 I don\rquote 
t think there is anything irregular or in error to be of concern as to their reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  in their decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 
.  As I say it was brief,  and it would have been preferable if there was more detail but that in itself does not create a miscarriage of justice in this case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid7019493 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 
here I think that no reasoning has been made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477  is with regards to excluding the defence\rquote 
s witness by not allowing them to attend by Zoom.  Zoom provides the ability for people to attend hearings who are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 at a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 distance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 .  W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 hile there is discussion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 in the case on appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 as to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 Commissioner and Justices of the Peace }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 receiving some advice as to whether they could or could not allow a witness to attend by Zoom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid12917477 there are no reasons given as to why or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid12917477 
explanation as to why that witness was excluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 The Police ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477  said that they would not have opposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 a witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 attendance by Zoom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 I think}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477 exclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477  of a witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12060648\charrsid12917477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477 no reasons given as to why or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477 explanation as to why that witness was excluded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477 led to a real risk in the outcome of the hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9535466\charrsid12917477 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid7019493 There was no sentenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14253127 ing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid7019493  hearing
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2428058\charrsid12917477 I approached this appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493  that this is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 an appeal against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  and against the sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 .  I am of the view that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 
processes in terms of excluding a witness by not allowing them to attend by Zoom and not giving reasons as to why they were excluded and the defence not being able to call their witness has affected the outcome of the hearing.  Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477  the appeal is successful on that basis in terms of the conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 .  Given this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid12917477 
matter should be reheard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid16124908\charrsid8329247 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16124908\charrsid8329247 
The second part is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid8329247  this is an appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid8329247 against the sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid8329247 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid8329247 here are different factors which are considered when dealing with appeals on sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11803043\charrsid8329247  to those matters considered for an appeal against conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid8329247 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7019493\charrsid8329247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 
In this situation, I think it dangerous and it would be good if Commissioners and J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 ustices of the Peace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 
 were given some training or given notification that it is dangerous to combine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7019493 hearings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 when a person pleads not guilty }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 and sentencing into one type of decision.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 It is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
fine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 if a person pleads guilty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 to have the entering of the plea decision and sentencing in one decision.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14240802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 
ut in this case the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 Commissioner and Justices of the Peace }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 
had two separate decisions to make.  One was, is the person guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  or not guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 .  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 f the person is guilty then what sentence should be imposed.  Here there seems to be a combination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802  of the two.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 I say it is dangerous because it gives a perception that in seeking closing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 s submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 , and also sentence submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043  at the same time - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 
 it gives a perception that it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 fait}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1528852\charrsid12917477 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1779439\charrsid12917477 compli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477  and a decision as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11803043 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477  conviction has been made.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14240802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 
hen there is a not a guilty plea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802  entered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 , the two steps need to be kept quite separate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14240802 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 
n this situation, I think it is clear that the appellant has not had the opportunity to make submissions as to sentencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 hat clearly is not appropriate and they should have been afforded that opportunity to be heard as to sentencing once they knew what the decision was with regards to the charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8329247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247\charrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 here }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 need to be a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371\charrsid8329247 long time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247  gap between th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 e hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 
sentencing but there certainly does need to be some separation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371\charrsid8329247 .  It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 
 maybe that the hearing happens in the morning, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 the decision is arrived at and then }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 if a person is found guilty, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 in the afternoon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 .  But to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 them combined in the way that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 done }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 here is }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid8329247 good process.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 
The other thing that I would say is that the decisions template that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 
ommissioners and Justice of the Peace use, does need to be updated so that there is a clear differentiation between the conviction part and the sentencing part.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 This morning}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 , Ms Hekau ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477  the point that when }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371 she read \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477 aggravating factors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6819737\charrsid12917477  there is no heading which says sentencing and so it could be read as just being all amalgamated into one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802 .  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 t would help if there was now that distinction in the template.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8329247\charrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid2886371\charrsid8329247 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371\charrsid8329247 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid8329247 ith the appellant not having the opportunity to be heard as to sentencing, I would allow the appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 as to sentencing.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14253127 Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid8329247 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5643826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 The appeal is successful.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid14240802\charrsid5643826 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14240802\charrsid5643826 Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid5643826  87 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 of the Niue Act 1966 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid5643826 allows for a rehearing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826  of criminal proceedings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri521\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1276\itap0\pararsid15555669\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 87.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid15555669 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 Rehearing of criminal proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid15555669 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15555669 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15555669 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 Where on the hearing of any information the 
accused has been convicted, the High Court may, if it thinks fit, grant a rehearing of the information, either as to the whole matter or only as to the sentence, upon such terms as the Court thinks fit.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri521\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin720\itap0\pararsid5262564\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-556\li1276\ri521\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin521\lin1276\itap0\pararsid15555669\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15555669 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 When a rehearing has been granted, the conviction or, as the case may be, the sentence only shall immediately cease to have effect.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 
\par \'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4418521\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid5643826\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid12917477 I grant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid12917477 rehearing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sb200\sa120\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5262564 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 That means that the convictions are quash}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477  and the matter is to be reheard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826  in full}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 
I would direct that it be reheard by a different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 ommissioner and Justices of the Peace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826  to who heard this matter previously. For obvious reasons.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\langnp5129\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 
There are some pointers there too for whoever is to hear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 this matter.  Those are that the C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid12917477 
ommissioner and Justices of the Peace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sb200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4418521 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 (a)\tab Should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid5643826 allow people to attend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 Court hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid5643826 by Zoom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 unless there is some very good reason why that cannot occur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 ;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826\charrsid5643826 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 (b)\tab S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 hould make it clear as to what evidence is being relied on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2886371  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par (c)\tab Should give clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 as to how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477 come to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 ir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11827636\charrsid12917477  decision.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5643826 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12917477 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6120883\charrsid12917477 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8329247 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2568163 Dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid2568163 at Rotorua, Aotearoa/New Zealand this 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2568163 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid9640748\charrsid2568163 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid2568163  day of April 2024. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313212 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9640748 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313212 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9640748\charrsid15679582 C T Coxhead
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5313212 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\kerning2\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9640748\charrsid15679582 CHIEF JUSTICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9065532\charrsid12917477 
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