{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31506\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang5129\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
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{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
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{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f432\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
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{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f439\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri Light (Hebrew);}{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri Light (Arabic);}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Calibri (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Calibri (Arabic);}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
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\ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon11 \snext15 \spriority39 \styrsid14761511 
Table Grid;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf17 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid8063672 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf18\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat19 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8063672 Unresolved Mention;}{\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext18 \slocked \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid8063672 JDI Number;}{\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8063672 footnote text;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\lang0\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp0\langfenp5129 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid8063672 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8063672 
footnote reference;}{\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 \snext22 \slocked \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid6631987 JDI Quotations;}{\s23\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext23 \slink24 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid6631987 
JDS Number;}{\*\cs24 \additive \f0\fs24\lang0\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp0\langfenp5129 \slink23 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid6631987 JDS Number Char;}{\s25\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext25 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid6631987 JDS Normal;}{\s26\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 \snext26 \slocked \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid6631987 JDI Normal;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid200686418{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0
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\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1609317438}{\list\listtemplateid-2145729582\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134167
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\fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL NIUE
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\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 Application No. 10589\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 IN THE MATTER OF\cell Part Niuean Land, Vaimilo/Tufu, Sections 12

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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell BETWEEN\cell 
MORRIS HEMU TAFATU, MARION MCQUOID, MAIHETOE HEKAU AND RICHARD HIPA ACTING FOR THE MANGAFOA OF MELEOI 
\par Appellants\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow
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\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell AND\cell L
INAPA KALAVATAGALOA STRICKLAND AND OTHERS ON BEHALF OF THE FOTUGA FAMILY
\par First Respondent\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow7\irowband7\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow8\irowband8\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell AND\cell THE EKALESIA NIUE
\par Second Respondent\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow9\irowband9\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow10\irowband10\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell 
Registrar of the Niue court and Niue high Court and Niuean Land Registrar\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow11\irowband11\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow12\irowband12\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow13\irowband13\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh203\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 Hearing\cell {\*\bkmkstart _Hlk135925011}24 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 arch 2015\cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow13\irowband13\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh203\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow14\irowband14\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow14\irowband14\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 Court \cell {\*\bkmkend _Hlk135925011}Savage CJ, Isaac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672  and Reeves JJ\cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow15\irowband15\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow16\irowband16\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh371\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow16\irowband16\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh371\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2511\clshdrawnil \cellx2403\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3068\clshdrawnil \cellx5471\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3437\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow17\irowband17\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh77\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2547\clshdrawnil \cellx2439\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6469\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 Appearances\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672 Philip Allan, for the Appellants
\par Ikipa Tongatule, for the First and Second Respondents
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow17\irowband17\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trrh77\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2547\clshdrawnil \cellx2439\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6469\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow18\irowband18\lastrow \ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2547\clshdrawnil \cellx2439\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6469\clshdrawnil 
\cellx8908\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7998414\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 Judgment\cell 26 September 2016\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672\charrsid8063672 \trowd \irow18\irowband18\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid8063672\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2547\clshdrawnil \cellx2439\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6469\clshdrawnil \cellx8908\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8461757 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672 
\par DECISION OF THE COURT OF APPEAL
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063672 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid8063672 
\par Copies to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7998414 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid8063672 Philip Allan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid3231278  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid7998414 \line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid8063672 Ikipa Tongaturle c/- Tongaturle Law, PO Box 68250, Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand, 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8063672 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang5129\langfe1025\langfenp1025\insrsid8063672\charrsid10974697 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8063672 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 This appeal concerns the land known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid207485 
Part Niuean Land, Vaimilo/Tufu, Sections 12 Block II, Alofi, now Sections 121-123, Alofi District}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 , also commonly known as the Alofi Mission land (\'93the land\'94).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}On 22 March 2012 Judge Coxhead in the High Court (Land
 Division) dismissed an application by Morris Tafatu on behalf of the Meleoi family to change the mangafaoa of the land to Meleoi on the basis that the Court has no power to make such an order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid8063672 
{\*\bkmkstart _Ref461632710}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid8063672 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid8063672\charrsid5140483 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid5140483 
 NUHC (Land Division) 17 Land Minute Book 174-189}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid5140483 22 March 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672\charrsid5140483 .  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid207485 {\*\bkmkend _Ref461632710}  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}Morris Tafatu and other family members now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672\charrsid207485 appeal the decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  of Judge Coxhead. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8063672 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8063672 Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8063672 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 The land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672 significant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 he people of Niue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 was gifted to the London Missionary Society }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 by deed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 for church purposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  in 1891, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 remained under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 stewardship}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid10163639 e Alofi Ekalesia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  (\'93the Ekalesia\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672\charrsid10163639  unti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 l steps were taken to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 formally title}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid13511351 
 the land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  and vest it in the Ekalesia in 1970.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
It is now the site of the Millennium Hall in Alofi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
Title to the land was created on 1 October 1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  in accordance with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 orders of the Native Land Court of Niue, which determined the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 gafaoa }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  Fotuga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  and appointed Peauvale as leveki.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
Court also ordered that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 land be vested in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 Ekalesia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 for church purposes \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid13523208 subject to the Registrar being satisfied of completion of registration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid13523208 church}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid8063672 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid8063672 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid8063672\charrsid14119740 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid14119740 
 NLC Alofi 4 Land Minute Book 74-75 (1 October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  1970).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8063672 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}In 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 
 the Meleoi family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 filed three applications in relation to the land;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  an injunction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  to hal
t the construction of church buildings, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 partition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188  appointment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 eveki }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 All three }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 
applications were subsequently withdrawn on 2 June 2005.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid8063672 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref461699269}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid8063672 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid8063672\charrsid12125668 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid12125668  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 NUHC (Land Division) 13 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid12125668 
Land Minute Book 78}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672  (2 June 2005).
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672\charrsid16348188 {\*\bkmkend _Ref461699269} }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8063672 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 On 11 October 2005, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Chief Judge Hingston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 orders changing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 f the land to Meleoi and replacing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the deceased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 eveki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 . The orders were based on an application by Morris Tafatu to confirm a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  draft agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid12125668 Ekalesia Niue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , successor to the Ekalesia, and the Meleoi family}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Ekalesia had not signed the draft agreement. The orders were made despite objections and despite the Ekalesia seeking an adjournment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid14422973 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid14422973  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 NUHC (Land Division) 13 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid14422973 Land Minute Book 106}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  (11 October 2005).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}On 3 June 2009 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Linapa Kalavatagaloa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  Strickland }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 applied for a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  rehear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 ing of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 on behalf of the Fotuga mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}
 On 26 May 2011 Judge Isaac granted the application for rehearing, finding that the High Court had decided to change the common ancestor of a significant block of land in the absence of \'93significant and compelling evidence\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Strickland 
\endash  Part Vaimilo/Tufu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  [2011] NUHC (Land Division) 16 Land Minute Book 225 at [35].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  By failing to hear and test evidence regarding the
 appropriateness of the common ancestor proposed, the Court had also failed to adhere to the principles of natural justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  At [39].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}
On the grant of the rehearing, the orders made by the High Court in 2005 were thereby annulled, pursuant to s 45(2) of the Niue Amendment Act (No. 2) 1968 (\'93NAA\'94).
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}Judge Coxhead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 then re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 heard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Mr Tafatu\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
application to change the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 of the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 from Fotuga to Meleoi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Judge Coxhead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
the key issue was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  the Court had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  jurisdiction to change the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  1970}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 ourt order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 determining Fotuga as mangafaoa. The Court concluded there was no such jurisdiction and dismissed the application.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}
The applicant filed the notice of appeal on 10 May 2012, and the appeal hearing was subsequently held on 22 March 2015.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid7037141 Lower Court proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid7037141 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
At the start of the hearing, Judge Coxhead outlined the background to the proceedings and emphasised that the purpose of the hearing was to hear Mr Tafatu\rquote s application to change the tupuna mangafaoa from Fotuga to Meleoi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  Above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461632710 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003300320037003100300000002e00}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  at 174-5.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}
Despite that caveat, the applicant and other speakers on behalf of the Meleoi family chose to focus their submissions on the 2005 High Court orders, saying that they wanted those orders to remain in place and criticising the process by which the orders ha
d come to be reheard.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}
Mr Tafatu acknowledged that his father Tafatu Morris had proposed Fotuga as tupuna at the 1970 hearing, but said the family now wished to change tupuna because the younger generation relate to Meleoi, who lived on the land where t
he Millennium Hall is now sited. After questioning from Judge Coxhead, the applicant acknowledged that, to add Meleoi, the 1970 court orders would need to be changed, but he could not identify any jurisdiction allowing the Court to do so.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}Cherie Tafat
u submitted that the 2005 court orders should stay in place because they had addressed a long held grievance that Meleoi\rquote s interest in the land had been ignored.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}
Maihetoe Hekau submitted that jurisdiction existed to change the mangafaoa because the Co
urt had done it previously, but she did not refer the Court to any specific cases. She also acknowledged that Tafatu senior, the son of Meleoi, was party to the decision to appoint Fotuga in 1970. However his descendants now wished to re-visit the issue, 
so it would be \'93Tafatu only for this piece of land\'94. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}
Simon Jackson also queried why the 2005 court orders had not been registered, submitting that, had this been completed as it should have been, then the rehearing would not have taken place, and the family would not now have to revisit the 1970 decision.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414\charrsid7998414 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid7998414  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
For the respondents, Mr Sioneholo submitted that the starting point was that the 2005 orders had now been vacated. In 1970 the Court determined the title to the land and Tafatu Morris supported F
otuga as tupuna. The issue is whether the Court could now replace those orders. The effect would be to prioritise the Meleoi line of the Fotuga family over the others. Counsel noted that the 1970 court orders were not appealed or reheard.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414 [20] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 In dismissing the application Judge Coxhead stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  Above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461632710 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003300320037003100300000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 1}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  at 188-189.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid9794893 The issue from Mr Morris Tafatu and his family is that they wish to change the common ancestor fr
om Fotuga to Meleoi, or as I\rquote ve heard today, have Meleoi added to sit alongside of Fotuga as the common ancestor.
\par I heard submissions as to why Meleoi should be added or replace Fotuga, but for me the real issue relates to this Courts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid9794893 
 jurisdiction to chan
ge the 1970 determination. That is essentially what is being asked for. This is not an appeal application, which in any case will be out of time. This is not a rehearing of the 1970 decision, which again will be out of time. This is a new application base
d on an agreement where one party to the agreement have not consented and do not agree with Mr Tafatu.
\par I agree with Mr Sioneholo that it is difficult to see how the Court can consider the question of changing ownership of land that has been already determin
ed. That decision was not appealed. It is difficult to see how the Court could consider then changing that determination which has been signed and sealed and registered and then most difficult is under what jurisdiction the Court could possibly do this?

\par I 
am not aware of any cases that would allow me to change or add to the determined tupuna magafaoa and I have certainly not been presented with any cases. The only possibility and terms of jurisdiction would in my view be Section 54 of the Niue Amendment Ac
t (No 2) 1968. That would require that the 1970 orders were obtained by fraud. 
\par Having heard the evidence and reviewed the file, I did not consider that the 1970 orders were in anyway fraudulently obtained. I find the Court in this case has no jurisdiction to change or add to the common ancestor. 
\par The application is therefore dismissed, and what this means is that the common ancestor remains as Fotuga. That is the decision of the Court. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid11945400 The Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid14162792 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987\charrsid14422973 Appellants\rquote  submissions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid6631987\charrsid14162792 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414 [21] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
The Notice of Appeal is dated 9 May 2012. Written submissions were also filed on the day of the appeal hearing. None of the grounds set out relate to the order appealed from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7998414  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 or allege any errors by Judge Coxhead in the lower Court. The written submissions are focused entirely on the 2005 High Court orders and criticisms of the process by which those orders came to be reheard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414 [22] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Pursuant to ss 75 and 78 of the NAA those matters are outside the scope of this appeal and this Court is restricted to considering the decision appealed from. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414 
\par [23] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
The 2005 High Court orders and subsequent events were considered when the High Court granted the rehearing application. The order for rehearing was a final order which was not appealed. This appeal is not now an opportunity for the appellants to re-
litigate those issues. However, for completeness we summarise the grounds of appeal raised by the appellants:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid11282845 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \fi-360\li1069\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1069\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 The orders made by the High Court in 2005 should have been registered as final orders once the time limits for any rehearing or appeal had elapsed, and the failure to register resulted in unfairness to the appellants; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid11282845 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
It was unfair to the appellants that it took three years for the application for re-hearing to be brought on in 2009 by the Registrar of the Court (\'93Registrar\'94), pursuant to the powers in s 52 of the Land Act 1969 (\'93the Land Act\'94);
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}
Counsel for the respondents before Judge Coxhead, Mr Sioneholo, was Registrar at the relevant time, and therefore had a conflict of interest;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s23 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}The High Court in 2005 had jurisdiction to change the
 mangafaoa pursuant to ss 34 and 36 of the Land Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\qj \li1417\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1417\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998414\charrsid16348188 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7998414 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 [24] \tab As to the third issue the appellants submit that Mr Sioneholo was the Registrar during the relevant period following the 2005 orders,
 and his actions had the appearance of bias against the appellants. The appellants referred to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 Metropolitan Properties Co (FCG) Ltd v Lannon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6631987 Metropolitan Properties Company (FGC) Ltd v Lannon and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  [1969] 1 QB 577 (CA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 R v Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission; Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7998414\charrsid7998414  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 parte Angliss Group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 R v Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission; Ex parte Angliss Group }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 (1969) 122 CLR 546 (HCA).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid7998414  and argued that it is sufficient that reasonable people may think that the Registrar favoured one side unfairly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12280157 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280157 [25] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 In relation to the fourth issue, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 s submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
when Chief Judge Hingston made orders to change the mangafaoa, he was exercising a discretion contained within ss 34 and 36 of the Land Act in relation to partition.  It was submitted that the Court has established a practice of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 allowing the change of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 land}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  subject to partition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 The appellants refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 red}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 the application made by Maka Kamupala for the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid2891392 
artition of Section 2, Block I, Avatele District }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid2891392 Part Kauhi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 as an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 example of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Court
\rquote s practice of substituting an existing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 common ancestor for another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
 provided the new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  is a descendant or from within the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  of the initial common ancestor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid3100625  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid5782746 MB4 F239, Instrument Number 3488, Plan 537 (LC4 Volume 12 Folio 71, registered on 9 September 1994); and N12/71, Instrument No 5916, Plan 1143 (LC4 Volume 19 Folio 80, registered on 24 June 2003).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  However, the appellants only provided the Court with the 
two land titles from before and after this partition and substitution of common ancestor, for the Court to compare. The Court was not provided with a copy of the actual decision in which those orders were made. From the land titles alone, we can see that 
the common ancestor was indeed substituted, but we can only draw speculative conclusions about the reasons for this. We are unable to determine the grounds upon which the orders were made and how exactly the Court applied the law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280157 [26] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid11282845 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  Allan made several
 oral submissions in addition to the written submissions. He argued that Judge Coxhead was incorrect to find that the Court had no jurisdiction to change or add to the common ancestor because the Court was entitled to rely on the general jurisdiction prov
ision in the NAA to change the common ancestor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab Section 47.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
 He submitted that the orders of the High Court in 2005 were made on this basis, even though the section was not specifically invoked.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
\par Submissions for the Fotuga family and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  Ekalesia
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12280157 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12280157 [27] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Mr
 Tongatule for the respondents submitted that the real object of this appeal is to challenge the Court order made on 1 October 1970 and the appellants have not shown any error in Judge Coxhead\rquote s decision. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [28] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  submit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 ted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that the 1 October 1970 Court order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  clearly demonstrates that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the Court ordered: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li720\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7998414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  was Fotuga; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 eveki }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  was Peauvale; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
the land was to be vested in the Ekalesia for church purposes pursuant to s 26 of the N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 AA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
the vesting of the land was subject to the Registrar being satisfied of the completion of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  Ekalesia\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  registration under s 26 of the N
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 AA; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6631987 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}following satisfaction of the above,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 order would be issued. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [29] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 It was submitted}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that the registration of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 the Ekalesia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  in the Court orde
r of 1 October 1970 refers to a body corporat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 that would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  hold and administer the land for church purposes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 no time limit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 for the Ekalesia\rquote s registration to be completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
The respondents submit that this was not at issue in the proceedings before Judge Coxhead and is not an issue for this appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [30] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Counsel advised that the Ekalesia have filed an application to register a body corporate, the Alofi Ekalesia Property Board Inc, in or
der to hold the grant of land to itself. The respondents submit that once the requirements of s 26 of the NAA have been met the Registrar simply needs to register the Ekalesia against the land title. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [31] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 It was also submitted that a replacement leveki would be unnecessary as the body corporate could take title to the land.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 Submissions for the Registrar
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [32] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Mr Kalauni,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , appeared pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  s 38 of the N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 AA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
and s 3 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid8355691  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Land Act bec
ause the application touched on the accuracy of the Court and Land Register records. His submissions largely responded to the issues which the appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
raised in relation to the 2005 orders and subsequent events leading up to the rehearing application.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [33] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar agreed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the High Court has the power to partition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Niuean land subject to s 34(1) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 (2) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Land Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 However, the Registrar submits that in this case the parti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 tion application was withdrawn. He also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 noted that the Court could not hav
e used its discretionary powers unless the descendants of the Fotuga family had been consulted with or a public notice issued about the partition application, neither of which occurred in this case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [34] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 High }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 Court minute of 2 June 2005 stated that all applications were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 withdrawn. The Registrar submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  it was unclear on what basis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Court made the 11 October 2005 orders }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 to change }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 mangafaoa and appoint leveki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 The Registrar submit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 ted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 the decision not to proceed with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 registering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 the orders until }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 the issue was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  resolved in a clear and transparent manner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987  was correct.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [35] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  is responsible for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  the integrity of the Land Register and for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  ensuring th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  correct procedures are strictly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  followed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 wi
th respect to matters before the Court. The Registrar submits that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Chief Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 Hingston}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 \rquote s}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 confirming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 unsigned 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 draft agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  between the Meleoi family and the Ekalesia was problematic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [36] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar also noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 s 52(3)(b) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Land Act m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 eans that registration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 of an order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 will not necessarily cure any defect or error in any matter before the Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [37] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 The Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 gistrar submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
 that no time limitation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 applies to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Registrar\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 powers under s 25 of the Land Act 1969 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 or the Registrar\rquote s ability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 to take any matter to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 the Court. The Registrar submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 that the appellants\rquote  submissions do not refer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 to the 30 year delay between the Court\rquote s decisio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 n in 1970 appointing Fotuga as mangafaoa,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
 and the Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 2005 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 decisio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 n appointing Meleoi as mangafaoa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [38] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 The Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 also noted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
 that the rehearing was a directive from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Judge Isaac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  on application by the Registrar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [39] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Registrar confirmed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Mr Sioneholo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  counsel for the respondents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 before Judge Coxhead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 was the Registrar }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 this matter was before the Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987   However, the Registrar submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  that the appellants have presented no evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 explaining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
 how the supposed conflict of interest influenced the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid6116639 The Law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6631987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 General jurisdiction of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987\charrsid13452137 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [40] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Section 47 of the NAA sets out the general jurisdiction of the Land Court as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\kerning0\insrsid6631987 47\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 Jurisdiction of Land Court
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-363\li1440\ri686\sb240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin686\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 
In addition to any jurisdiction specifically conferred upon the Land Court by any enactment other than this section, the Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-357\li1797\ri686\sb240\widctlpar
\tx1418\jclisttab\tx1797\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin686\lin1797\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 
To hear and determine any application to the Court relating to the ownership, possession, occupation, or utilisation of Niuean land, or to any right, title, estate, or interest in Niuean land or in the proceeds of any alienation thereof:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To determine the relative interests of the owners or the occupiers in any Niuean land:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To hear and determine any application for the appointment of a Leveki Mangafaoa in respect of any Niuean land:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To hear and determine any claim to recover damages for trespass or any other injury to Niuean land:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To grant an injunction against any person in respect of actual or threatened trespass or other injury to Niuean land:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To grant an injunction prohibiting any person from dealing with or doing any injury to any property which is the subject-matter of any application to the Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To create easements in gross over Niuean land:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To make any order recording the determination of any matter relating to land or any interest therein, whether provided for in this Act or other enactment:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 To authorise the survey of any land.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-363\li1440\ri686\sb240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin686\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 
 The grant of an easement pursuant to paragraph {\*\bkmkstart DLM389806}}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1968/0132/1.0/link.aspx?id=DLM389806" \\l "DLM389806" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\kerning0\insrsid8069830\charrsid5833422 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b020000000b000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bb600000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e006c0065006700690073006c006100740069006f006e002e0067006f00760074002e006e007a002f006100630074002f007000750062006c0069006300
2f0031003900360038002f0030003100330032002f0031002e0030002f006c0069006e006b002e0061007300700078003f00690064003d0044004c004d003300380039003800300036000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00030a00000044004c004d00330038003900380030003600000000}}
}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\kerning0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 (g)}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 {\*\bkmkend DLM389806} of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \kerning0\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 
subsection (1) of this section may, if the Court thinks fit, be made subject to the payment of compensation in respect thereof, or to any other conditions that the Court may impose.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [41] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Section 47 provides jurisdict
ion for the Court to hear matters relating to ownership, possession, occupation, or utilisation of Niuean land, or to any right, title, estate or interest in Niuean land or in the proceeds of any alienation of it. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid2689470 e Court\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  jurisdiction under this sectio
n is to hear those matters which relate to title and ownership, once those issues have been determined, and does not extend to either determining or cancelling title.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref461635947}
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu 
\endash  Section 3 Block III Alofi District (Part Tapeu) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid6254994 [2015] NUCA; App. No. 1189/62/6 (27 October 2015) at [68] and [70].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
{\*\bkmkend _Ref461635947}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Effect of orders of the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6631987\charrsid13452137 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [42] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Sections 52 and 54 of the NAA provides that every order of the Court determining or affecting title binds all persons having an interest in that land, and such orders are final unless there is fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid1330623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Partition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6631987\charrsid13452137 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [43] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Sections 34 and 36 of the Land Act set out the relevant provisions in relation to partition of Niuean land:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 Jurisdiction to partition Niuean land 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 (1) The Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction to partition Niuean land.
\par (2) The jurisdiction to partition shall be discretionary and the Court may refuse to exercise it in any case in which it is of the opinion that partition would be inexpedient in the public interest or in the interests
 of the Mangafaoa or other persons interested in the land.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 Discretionary powers of Court 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 In partitioning any land the Court may exercise the following discretionary powers:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi-357\li1797\ri686\sb240\widctlpar
\tx1418\jclisttab\tx1797\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin686\lin1797\itap0\pararsid8069830 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 It ma
y where the Leveki Mangafaoa wishes to allocate a portion of the land to a member of the Mangafaoa or the Mangafaoa has become unduly large or in cases of irreconcilable family disputes, partition the land among groups of members of the Mangafaoa in accor
dance with what appears to the Court to be the general desire of the persons concerned to be just and equitable;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
It shall avoid, as far as practicable, the subdivision of any land into areas which because of their smallness or their configuration or for any other reason are unsuitable for separate ownership or occupation;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\langnp5129\langfenp1025\insrsid6631987\charrsid5833422 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}
It may appoint new Leveki Mangafaoa in respect of the pieces of land affected by any partition orders.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [44] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Partition under Niuean law results in a subdivision of the physical land 
and legal title but this does not extend to \'93destruction of [the] community of ownership\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461635947 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003300350039003400370000008700}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 13}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , at [51].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585818 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 common underlying ownership continues to exist even if a new leveki is appointed for the newly partitioned block. As stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid11295039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab At [52].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The Niuean situation as contemplated by the Land Act must be one where partition does not call for the complete separ
ation of ownership interest with the issuing of a new title, but looks to preserve ownership within the mangafaoa.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987\charrsid11295039 Registrar\rquote s powers
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [45] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Pursuant to s 52(1) of the Land Act the Registrar may state any case or reserve any question for consideration by the Court, or apply for directions to the Court:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5903187 52}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid6631987\charrsid5903187 Registrar's powers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid5903187  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
\par (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid11222657 The Registrar may in the exercise of his powers under this Act sta
te any case or reserve any question for consideration by the Court, or apply for directions to the Court, and the Court shall thereupon have power to hear and determine the case or question, or give directions accordingly.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid16217470 Issues
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6494775 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6494775 [46]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16217470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The issue on appeal 
is whether Judge Coxhead erred in finding that the court does not have jurisdiction to change the Native Land Court\rquote s determination in 1970 that Fotuga is the common ancestor for the land.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231278 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 Approach on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8585818 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231278 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494775 [47] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 Tasmania aka Filimona v Rex}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 {\*\bkmkstart _Ref461698375}\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tasmania aka Filimona v Rex \endash  Part Fonuakula Section 1 Block III}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  [2009] NUCA; App. No. 9116/8/6 (23 April 2009) at [23] and [24].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid6631987 {\*\bkmkend _Ref461698375}
 the Court referred to the accepted approach in general appeals that the appellate court makes its own assessment of underlying legal and factual issues and does not merely defer to the lower Court\rquote s assessment. As the issue here}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6494775  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 concerns a question of jurisdiction and not an exercise of judicial discretion, we need not confine our approach to the matters set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Kacem v Basir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid1709677 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Kacem v Bashir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  [2010] NZSC 112; [2011] 2 NZLR 1.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631987\charrsid6494775 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 Discussion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri-853\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Can the Court cancel a determination of common ancestor?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid15882533 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8069830 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [48] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
Neither the Land Act nor the NAA contain any specific statutory power to cancel or change the common ancestor, which determines the mangafaoa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab 
For example, s 12 of the Land Act 1969 states that the Court shall determine the mangafoa by reference to the common ancestor (it does not state that the Court can cancel or change the common ancestor).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  Th
is is unsurprising given the significance of title determination to the Nuiean land tenure system and the likely consequences if such orders could be cancelled. Section 52 underlines this by providing that every order of the Land Court determining or affe
cting title to Niuean land shall bind all persons having an interest in the land. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [49] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The exception is where orders have been obtained by fraud, in which case those orders may be annulled.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab Niue Amendment Act (No 2) 1968, s 54.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987  In such circumstances, cancellation of a mangafaoa\rquote 
s land title would be a very serious matter which would necessitate a fresh investigation of title by the Court, including an approved survey and evidence of the matters set out in s 11 of the Land Act.  In the present case, the 
appellant did not suggest that the 1970 order declaring Fotuga the common ancestor was the result of fraud. Counsel for the appellant also acknowledged that 1970 orders were never appealed or re-heard or set aside by the lower Court.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [50] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The only other possibility is where joint common ancestors have been determined and the owners then agree to areas of separate interest, as suggested in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tasmania aka Filimona v Rex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tasmania aka Filimona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , above n }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461698375 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003900380033003700350000000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 16}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , at [41] and [42].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
 This would not involve re-litigation of the mangafaoa, which would stay unchanged. However, this situation also does not apply in the present case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [51]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585818  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The appellan
ts submitted that in October 2005, when orders were made changing the mangafaoa, the Court was exercising a discretion contained within ss 34 and 36 of the Land Act in relation to partition.  However, the partition application which had previously been be
fore the Court was withdrawn on 2 June 2005, along with two other applications for injunction and change of leveki.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab Above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461699269 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 
08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003900390032003600390000000008}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 3}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  The judge could not have been ex
ercising any discretion arising from the partition application as it was no longer before the Court. Furthermore, even if the partition application was extant, it would not necessarily have resulted in a change of the underlying mangafaoa, as this Court c
oncluded in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987\charrsid5386833 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar
\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , above n }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  NOTEREF _Ref461635947 \\h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 {\*\datafield 08d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000080000000e0000005f0052006500660034003600310036003300350039003400370000008700}}}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 13}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 , at [60].}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [52] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Counsel for the appellants submitted Judge Coxhead erred because s 47 of the NAA p
rovides jurisdiction to change the common ancestor, even if the Act provides no specific jurisdiction for this. We are assisted by this Court\rquote s recent decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 which addressed this same issue and stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \fi-425\li425\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx425\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin425\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\super\insrsid6631987 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  \tab At [68] \endash  [70] (emphasis added).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li709\ri686\sb240\widctlpar\tx1418\tx2126\tx2835\tx3544\tx4253\tx4961\tx5670\tx6379\tx7088\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin686\lin709\itap0\pararsid6631987 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe1025\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 [68] Section 47 provides jurisdiction for the Land Court to hear matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 relating}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  to ownership, possession, occupation, or utilisation of Niuean land, or to any right,
 title, estate or interest in Niuean land or in the proceeds of any alienation of it. That is the Court has jurisdiction to hear matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 relating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
 to title and ownership \endash  once that title and ownership have been determined.
\par [69] As has been noted counsel for the appellants argued that the opening words of s 47 of the NAA \'93in addition\'94, make it clear that the general jurisdiction is inclusive rather than exclusive and widens the scope of the Court\rquote 
s jurisdiction. The overall tenor of the submissions was that,
 where the specific provisions relating to partitions are silent as to the power to rescind, revoke or cancel partition orders, the general jurisdiction can be used to supplement those provisions. This essentially allows for an application to rescind or c
ancel a partition order to be caught by the term \'93any application\'94
 in s 47 of the NAA. The appellants argued therefore that all that was needed to invoke the jurisdiction of the Court and enable the Court to make the orders sought, was that the application 
relation to ownership, possession, occupation or utilisation of Niue land. As the present application did relate to those matters, it was therefore argued to be within the scope of the general jurisdiction of the Court.
\par [70] We do not agree. Section 52 of 
the Land Act and 47 of the NAA, in our view, do not extend to allow the Court to hear matters involving of determination and cancellation of ownership to title. Section 47 focuses on matters relating to title, not determining and cancelling title. If Parl
iament intended to contemplate such a drastic step as the cancellation of a mangafaoa\rquote s title to land obtained through a partition order \endash 
 then Parliament should have provided specific jurisdiction for this Court to do so. No specific or general jurisdiction exists in the current legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid6836529 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8069830 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [53]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8585818  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 We agree with this Court\rquote 
s conclusion in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Tongahai v Tafatu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
that s 47 of the NAA does not confer a general jurisdiction on the Court to determine or cancel title, and we conclude that the Court has no jurisdiction t
o cancel the determination of a common ancestor unless those orders have been obtained through fraud.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6631987 Other matters raised on appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6631987\charrsid6835108 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8069830 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [54] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
For completeness we refer to the appellants\rquote  allegations of procedural unfairness following the 2005 orders in their f
irst two grounds of appeal. We are satisfied that Judge Isaac had the opportunity to consider these matters in the 2011 rehearing application. His decision, a final decision of the lower Court, was not appealed and this appeal is not now an opportunity fo
r the appellants to re-litigate those issues. Having said that, we are satisfied that the Registrar acted appropriately and within his powers in bringing the issue to the Court\rquote s attention. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [55] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The other issue raised was an alleged conflict of interest on
 the part of counsel for the respondents before Judge Coxhead, Mr Sioneholo, who was previously the Registrar. The appellants say his actions as Registrar had the appearance of bias. How this translates into a conflict of interest in relation to the issue
 before us is unclear. The current Registrar appeared on his own account before us. We note Niue has only a small pool of experienced counsel available, and the Court will always be alert to potential conflict issues. In this case, Mr Sioneholo\rquote 
s previous involvement was well known and that fact has not influenced the decision-making of this Court in any way.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri-853\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6631987 Decision
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri-853\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid8069830 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [56] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 
We agree with Judge Coxhead\rquote s finding that the High Court did not have jurisdiction to cancel or change the determination of the common ancestor of the land. The appeal is dismissed. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [57] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Upon production of evidence of registration pursuant to s 26 of the NAA the Registrar is to vest the land in the Ekalesia.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8069830 [58] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 The respondents have 14 days from the date they receive this decision to fil
e submissions as to costs, following which the appellants will have 14 days to respond.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri-853\sb360\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-853\lin0\itap0\pararsid6631987 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 Dated at Wellington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188  on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987 e 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid6631987\charrsid10713675 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987  day of September 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 .
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\s23\qj \li0\ri-851\sb120\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-851\lin0\pararsid14223373 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\kerning1\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6631987\charrsid16348188 P J Savage CJ\cell \cell W W Isaac J\cell \cell S F Reeves J\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
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