{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f54\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f55\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f56\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f57\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f58\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f60\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\f61\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f63\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f64\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f65\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\f66\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f67\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f68\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f71\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f73\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f74\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f75\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f76\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f77\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f78\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f440\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f441\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f443\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}
{\f444\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f447\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\f448\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Light Greek;}
{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Light Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Light Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri Light (Vietnamese);}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red79\green129\blue189;}
{\*\defchp \fs22\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \snext0 \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Normal;}{
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\sbasedon2 \snext20 \slink17 \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb120\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f37\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink18 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 heading 4;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
\sunhideused \spriority1 \styrsid10364207 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \b\f0\fs28 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 Heading 1 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \b\f0\fs26\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081 \slink2 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 
Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs17 \additive \b\i\f0\fs26\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \b\i\f37\fs24\cf17\lang3081\langfe0\langnp3081 
\slink4 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid10364207 Heading 4 Char;}{\s19\qj \fi-601\li2041\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls41\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin2041\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext19 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Num List 1;}{
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\snext20 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Paragraph - Numbered;}{\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext21 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Indent1;}{\s22\qj \fi-601\li2761\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls41\ilvl1\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin2761\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon19 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Num List 2;}{\s23\qj \fi-601\li3481\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls41\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin3481\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon22 \snext23 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Num List 3;}{\s24\ql \li720\ri0\sb120\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext24 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Quote 1;}{
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\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 \sbasedon25 \snext26 \ssemihidden \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Quote 3;}{
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\sbasedon21 \snext30 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid10364207 Indent2;}{\s31\qj \li2880\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\ilvl2\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13049984 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF NIUE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049984 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178604 
\par Application No. CR35/2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10178604\charrsid13049984 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13049984 
\par IN THE MATTER OF: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5261441\charrsid5261441 An appeal pursuant to section 75 of the Niue Amendment Act (No. 2) 1969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13049984 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5261441\charrsid13049984 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6637997 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5261441\charrsid5261441 LIONEL TAHEGA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5261441\charrsid13049984  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6637997 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sb15\sa15\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13049984 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6637997 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6637997\charrsid6637997 NIUE POLICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6637997\charrsid6637997  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid13049984\charrsid13049984 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid12720775 Coram}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12720775 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Justice W W Isaac, presiding
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi720\li1440\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2254458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Justice N Smith
\par Justice C T Coxhead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12720775\charrsid4017174 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid6633629 Hearing:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 15 May 2012 at Wellington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629\charrsid4017174 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid6633629 Appearances:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Mr K McCoy and Mr M Starling for the Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \fi720\li1440\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2254458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Mr G J Burston for the Respondent}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629\charrsid4017174 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid6633629 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6633629 \tab 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 25 June 2012
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\qc \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid2246139\charrsid2254458 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129220 A The Appeal is upheld in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13129220\charrsid13129220 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid13129220 Introduction
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8862947 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 This is an appeal against the sentence of Chief Justice Savage dated 22 March 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5384633  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
at Alofi.
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\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5384633 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In sentencing Lionel Tahega, the above named appellant, Savage CJ concluded:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5974095 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974095 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Mr Tahega be sentenced to two years and five months in prison; and
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974095 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Restitution be ordered in the sum of $3,344.00. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974095 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2254458 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid5974095 Case for the appellant
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2968272 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Counsel for the appellant submits that the sentence imposed by Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974095  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Savage, of two years and five months imprisonment, is manifestly excessive on the grounds that:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1114131 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1114131 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The starting point of three years and six months imposed by the learned judge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1114131  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 was manifestly excessive;
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1114131 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The learned judge failed to properly discount the starting point by one third to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1114131  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 reflect the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s guilty plea;
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1114131 (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The learned judge failed to make any allowance for mitigating factors following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1114131 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 this guilty plea;
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4015182 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4015182 (d) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The learned judge failed to address the submission regarding the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4015182  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
appropriateness of an order under s 28 Niue Act 1966; and
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4015182 (e) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 In light of the circumstances, ordering the appellant to pay restitution of $3344}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4015182  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 is wrong in principle.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11349713 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 It is submitted that given the circumstances, the starting point adopted by the Chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4015182  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Justice was too high, on the grounds that the offending was not "premeditated well in advance", and furthermore the fire was only minor, and merely damaged two doors and 
the surrounding framework, totalling $3,344 worth of damage.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14508020 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Counsel for the appellant submits that the precedent established in New Zealand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6050354  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
case law reiterates that a starting point of three years and six months is manifestly excessive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid6050354 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid6050354\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6050354\charrsid6947346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid12017953\charrsid6947346 See New Zealand cases referred to in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10554252\charrsid6947346 appellant's submissions regarding sentencing for arson: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10554252\charrsid6947346 
R v Gilchrist }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid10554252\charrsid6947346 CA 429/90, 15 April 1991; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7503398\charrsid6947346 Lefebvre v Police }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7503398\charrsid6947346 HC Christchurch CRI-200802907, 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid14508020\charrsid6947346 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7503398\charrsid6947346  July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8260756\charrsid6947346 2008; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8260756\charrsid6947346 R v O'S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6559350\charrsid6947346 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid8260756\charrsid6947346 llivan HC Whangarei CRI-2007-088-5182, 19 August 2008; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid3419039\charrsid6947346 R v Wonnacott [2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6559350\charrsid6947346 ] NZCA 414; R Chadderton CA464/99, 27 March 2000}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12873134 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
The appellant contends that the law affords him a discounted starting point of one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3492041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
third on the basis that he pleaded guilty at the first available opportunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid3492041 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid3492041\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3492041\charrsid6947346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9503006\charrsid6947346 Hessell v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9503006\charrsid6947346 
 [2010] NZSC 135.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  It is also contended that the Chief Justice accepted that the appellant was entitled to the fullest discount, however this intention was not implemented.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9503006 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
It is submitted that the judge erred in the mathematics of determining the starting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7503709  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 point after t
he one third discount was applied. The appellant submits that the correct amount of time should be 27 months, not 29 months, on the basis that a 42 month starting point, minus one third amounts to 28 months. If another month is subtracted to reflect his t
ime in custody, the total should be 27 months, and not the 29 months stated by the judge.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7503709 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
It is submitted that the sentencing judge failed to make any allowance for mitigating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10027023  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
factors, including the circumstances surrounding the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s upbringing, 
the actions of his father, and the position of the appellant as a pawn in a long standing feud between his father and the father of Asian Talafasi, whose house was the target of this arson.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10027023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Counsel for the appellant contends that the method used in starting the fire, and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10027023  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
injuries sustained, illustrates that this act was impulsive and unplanned.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10. \tab}It is further submitted that the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s age is a mitigating factor. He was only 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10027023  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
years old at the time. His genuine remorse for his actions should also be considered.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11. \tab}
It is submitted that the shooting and injuring of the appellant should be considered as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16071520  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
mitigating factors on the grounds that this act was carried out by Asian Talafasi in retaliation for the arson.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16071520 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Counsel for the appellan
t submits that the judge should have considered a non\_
custodial sentence, as provided by s 28 Niue Act 1966, as a sentencing option. Section 28 states that a judge may at any time discharge the prisoner from custody on the condition that they labour on pub
lic works in Niue for the term of which they have been sentenced. It is submitted that a sentence of this nature would still hold the appellant accountable for his actions and act as a deterrent, but because it would be community based, it would also be r
ehabilitating.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3957787 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In relation to the sentence of reparation, it is submitted that the Court must have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2254458  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
regard to the ability and the means of the defendant to pay, and in this instance the appellant is young, unemployed and has no assets.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1398311 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 It is furthe
r submitted, that the judge failed to reduce the length of the imprisonment in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 recognition of the order of reparation.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15. \tab}Counsel for the appellant also contends that the judge failed to address the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 ubmission that Asian Talafasi ought to institute civil
 proceedings against the appellant to recover the cost of repairs. It is submitted that this would have allowed the appellant to then file a counter claim against Asian Talafasi because of the shooting.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16. \tab}Consequently, it is submitted that if an order f
or reparation is made, a further discount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 is necessary in order to recognise this.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17. \tab}In conclusion, counsel for the appellant submits that a final sentence, ranging}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 between six and twelve months would be appropriate, and no order for reparation should b
e made. Furthermore, after six months in custody, the Court should order that the remainder of the sentence be non-custodial, as provided for by s 28 of the Niue Act 1966.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15210112 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid1398311 Case for the respondent
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1398311 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Counsel for the respondent submits that the sentence of three and a half years}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
imprisonment was not manifestly excessive on the basis that the appellant set fire to a house he knew was occupied, and, as the Chief Justice noted in sentencing, this is "near the top end of seriousness for arson".}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid1398311 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid1398311\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1398311\charrsid6947346  
Police v Tahega Minutes of the Niue High Court (Criminal Division) Thursday 22 March 2012, Chief Justice Patrick Savage presiding.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12394614 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Further, it is submitted that this sentence is a necessary deterrent in light of the recent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12394614  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 spate of fires in the village.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1905723 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Counsel for the respondent states that there is no tariff case for sentencing of arson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1905723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
cases in New Zealand, however, the principle appellate court decisions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid1905723 R v Gilchrist and Howarth v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\i\super\insrsid1905723 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid1905723\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1905723\charrsid6947346  Howarth v R [2010] NZCA 523.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid1905723  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 provide some guidance.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid7360166 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7360166 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid7360166 Howarth v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  sets the starting point for arson sentences at three to five years, and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7360166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
respondent submits that given the seriousness of the present case, namely setting fire to a house at night in which there was a sleeping occupant, a starting point of three and a half years is appropriate.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22. \tab}
It is submitted that a discount of nearly 30 per cent is an appropriate reflection of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7360166  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
mitigating factors, including the guilty plea, the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s youth, and his troubled upbringing.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 23. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12191147 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Counsel for the respondent asserts that in light of the seriousness of the offending, consideration of s 28 Niue Act 1966 is inappropriate, on the grounds that a sentence other than imprisonment would be "manifestly inadequate".
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 24. \tab}Counsel for the respondent submits that under s 287(1) of the Niue Act an order for}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12191147  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 restitution may be enforced in the same manner as a fine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid12191147 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid12191147\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12191147\charrsid6947346  Niue Act 1966, ss 287(3) and 241.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
 The respondent maintains that the guilty plea establishes liability for the damage caused, and this judgment debt allows the victim to avoid a civil process for recovery, which is also in the public interest.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 25. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3617198 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 It is further submitted that the reparati
on order cannot be given much weight by way}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3617198  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
of mitigation, on the basis that there appears to be no prospect of the debt being repaid during the term of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s sentence.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15210112 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid3617198 An approach to sentencing in Niue
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 26. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3617198 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 This decision provides an opportunity for the Court to set some guiding principles as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3617198  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 to the approach for sentencing in a case where the accused pleads guilty. The intention is to promote consistency in sentencing, clarity for the courts, court users, and victims.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3617198 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Assistance of New Zealand authorities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 27. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11210083 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Counsel for the applicant has referred us to a number of New Zealand decisions with regards to the approac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10838628 h to be adopted when sentencing.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 28. \tab}
What must be remembered is that New Zealand sentencing cases are, in the main, based on the New Ze
aland Sentencing Act 2002. While some guidance may be taken from New Zealand decisions, it is important to recognise that Niue decisions must be decided within the Niue context and based on Niue law.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 29. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8205753 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Whereas New Zealand sentencing law is highly prescribed by the New Zealand Sentencing Act 2002, Niue does not have a Sentencing Act. Nevertheless, New Zealand and other Pacific jurisprudence do provide this Court with a valuable point of reference.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1848388 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid1848388 Any sentencing approach must still allow discretion
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 30. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1848388 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 W
ith any approach it is important to allow discretion for a proper judicial evaluation of individual cases. The circumstances of an offence and of the offender present an almost infinite variety from case to case. In setting any guidelines or approach to s
entencing, a sentence must retain some discretion within the guidelines, or even the ability to depart from them if the particular circumstances of the case justify such departure. The treatment of each case must depend on its facts.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 31. \tab}Sentencing is not 
a mathematical exercise, but requires proper judicial evaluation of individual cases.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 32. \tab}In our view, the following three steps provide a simple approach to sentencing:

\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1848388 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1848388 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 First Step - The first step calls for the sentencing judge to establish a provisi
onal sentence having considered the aggravating and mitigating factors relevant to the offending for an adult offender. Here the judge will evaluate relevant matters taking into account a combination of features reflecting the culpability of the offending
 together with aggravating or mitigating factors relating to the offending and overall criminality involved. This is commonly referred to as the starting point.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6042025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11473838 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Second Step }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11473838 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  Once the starting point is fixed, the second step then takes account of aggrav
ating and mitigating factors relating to the offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s personal circumstances. For example, prior offending of a similar nature may be an aggravating factor and an offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s genuine remorse may be a mitigating factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11473838  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 An evaluation of these factors may result in an increase or a reduction from the starting point.

\par {\listtext\tab}
(3) Third Step - Where a guilty plea has been entered, a reduction credit for the guilty plea can be granted. Making this a separate step ensures that it is clear that the defendant is getting credit for the guilty plea, and exactly what that credit is.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 33. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2976255 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The credit that is given for a guilty plea must reflect all the circumstances in which the plea is entered, including whether it is truly to be regarded as an early or late plea,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6042025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 and the strength of the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Consideration of all relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6042025  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 circumstances and factors will identify the extent of the true litigatory effect of the plea.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 34. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13306601 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
It is well recognised that there are benefits which flow from a guilty plea. We do not intend to traverse all of them, however do note that a guilty plea ben
efits the efficient administration of justice. Along with avoiding the need for a trial, it saves the Government costs associated with the judiciary in providing prosecution and defence services, as well as the time of those who would otherwise had to par
ticipate in the trial process. There are also benefits in saving the fees that would otherwise have to be paid to witnesses, and other costs associated with the use of the court facility.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 35. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3146951 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In addition to savings in public expenditure and decreasing dema
nd on State resources, the social utility of guilty pleas provides benefits for witnesses, and in particular for victims, who are spared the stress of giving evidence in the adversarial context of a criminal trial. A guilty plea will also often assist vic
tims and their families emotionally by the acknowledgment of responsibility for the offending.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 36. \tab}
While a person should be given some credit for pleading guilty, it is generally accepted in other jurisdictions, and in particular New Zealand, that the maximum reduction for a guilty plea should not exceed 25 per cent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid3146951 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid3146951\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3146951\charrsid6947346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6492166\charrsid6947346 Hessell v R [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid6492166\charrsid6947346 2010] NZSC 135}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6492166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid6492166 What factors should the sentencing judge take into account?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 37. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6492166 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 There will be an infinite number of mitigating or aggravating factors that the Court could turn its mind to. These will be case-specific.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 38. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12615074 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Factors we would expect the Court to take into account when sentencing include: the age of offender; whether the offender has pleaded guilty, and if so at what stage the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1396104  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 guilty plea was made; the conduct of the victim; the offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s involvement in the offence; any remorse shown by the offender; any evidence of the offender}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s previous good character; any evidence of 
premeditation on the part of the offender and, if so, the level of premeditation involved; and the number, seriousness, date, relevance, and nature of any previous convictions of the offender, and of any convictions for which the offender is being sentenc
ed or otherwise dealt with at the same time.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 39. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1396104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
This list of factors is not exhaustive, nor is it noted in terms of priority. In fact, we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1396104  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
would expect that the weight to be given to each factor will be considered and determined by the Court in each case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 40. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3884374 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Further, it is important to note that nothing prevents the Court from taking into account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3884374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 other aggravating or mitigating factors as appropriate.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11749907 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid3884374 Step 1 \emdash  the starting point in this case
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 41. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3884374 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The starting point given by the High Court in this case was three and a half years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3884374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
We think this was excessive.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 42. \tab}
The maximum sentence for arson in this jurisdiction is five years. Counsel referred us}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3884374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
to a number of New Zealand authorities where the courts had imposed a starting point of three to five years imprisonment for arson. The offence of arson carries a maximum sentence of 14 years in New Zealand.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 43. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10371280 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
While it is acknowledged that a great deal of assistance can sometimes be gained from looking at sentencing cases in other jurisdictions, due to the fact
-specific nature of each case, it is important to recognise that some comparisons will be of limited value.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 44. \tab}The New Zealand Court of Appeal decision Howarth v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid10371280 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid10371280\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10371280\charrsid6947346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9130045\charrsid6947346 Howarth v R [2010] NZCA 523.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  is most helpful in providing an overview of New Zealand au
thorities relied on to ascertain an appropriate starting point for sentencing in cases of arson. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid12343075 Howarth v R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
, refers to cases where a starting point in the vicinity of five years imprisonment was adopted in arson cases where there was risk to life, although it was acknowledged that a judge had it within a judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s discretion to take a starting point of eight years in such a case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid12343075 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs42\super\insrsid12343075\charrsid6947346 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12343075\charrsid6947346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6947346\charrsid6947346 Paragraph 48.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 45. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6947346 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The New Zealand Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s review o
f New Zealand authorities suggests that a starting point for an arson sentence in the seven to eight year range is very rare. Other authorities reviewed adopted starting points in the three to five year range. It is important to remember that this is base
d on an available maximum sentence of imprisonment of 14 years for this crime.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 46. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1325774 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Crown counsel suggested that for the maximum term of five years to be imposed for arson, there would have to be full destruction of property and loss of life, which could of course also result in an additional charge of murder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid10820980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid10820980 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10820980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10820980\charrsid10820980 
Tahega v Police Minutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10820980\charrsid8728869  of the Niue Court of Appeal, Tuesday 15 May 2012, Justice W W Isaac presiding, along with NF Smith J and CT Coxhead J, at 8.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 47. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid796530 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In the situation before the Court in this instance, although it is clear that there was risk to life, the damage to the property was limited.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 48. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12920502 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In our view the nature and extent of the damage was not at the higher end, in that the house was not burnt to the ground. The extent of the damage was limited to a door and its surrounds.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 49. \tab}
Further, the financial cost of the damage was also not at the higher end. The total cost of damage was $3,344.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 50. \tab}However, in our view, what removes this arson from simpl
y the destruction of property is that it happened in a volatile environment following a slate of arsons. It took place in the dark of night with the appellant deliberately seeking out the property in question and setting fire to it knowing it was inhabite
d. These factors cannot be overlooked when determining the starting point.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 51. \tab}
As a consequence when we balance these aggravating factors against the fact that both the physical and financial damage was relatively minor, and taking some guidance from New Z
ealand cases, it is our assessment that the starting point should have been three years.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11749907 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid11871956 Steps 2 & 3
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 52. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12920502 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 In all other respects we concur with the Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s assessment.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 53. \tab}Clearly the Chief Justice considered the mitigating factors of the defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s unfortunate up-bringing, his youth and how easily he was misled.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 54. \tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
These mitigating factors were balanced against the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
s previous offending, particularly his involvement in previous arson offences.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 55. \tab}In our view, the High Court has combin
ed steps two and three of the approach set out above. We see nothing wrong with this. That is, the Judge has evaluated mitigating and aggravating factors along with the guilty plea to arrive at a discount of some 30 per cent on his starting point of three
 and a half years.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 56. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11871956 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
As we have already noted, a guilty plea should, at the maximum, mean a 25 per cent reduction in sentence. The total reduction in this matter was 30 per cent. Based on a 25 per cent maximum possible reduction, there was a further redu
ction by the Judge taking into account mitigating and aggravating factors. That reduction of five per cent, or one month, was well within the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s discretion.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 57. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7883521 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
While we agree with the factors that have been taken into account and the reduction asses
sed, a clearer approach would have been to first establish a provisional sentence, or starting point, and then provide a reduction or increase taking into account the mitigating and aggravating factors, and finally to provide a clear reduction for the gui
lty plea.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 58. \tab}
We agree with the one month reduction granted by the High Court for the time spent in custody and the mitigating circumstances, and also the 12 month reduction for his guilty plea. On this basis, with a starting point of three years, we arriv
e at a final sentence of two years and one month.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11749907 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid7883521 Injuries to the defendant
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 59. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7883521 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 We do wish to make specific mention of one issue that the appellant submits the High Court failed to take into consideration.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 60. \tab}Counsel submitted that the shooting of the a
ppellant, and the injuries that he sustained, should be considered as mitigating factors on the grounds that this act was carried out by Asian Talafasi in retaliation for the arson.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 61. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5854330 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In our view, this asks the Court to give the appellant a reduction in his sentence for suffering injuries in the course of committing a criminal offence.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 62. \tab}
We acknowledge that the appellant did suffer serious injuries. However, the person who caused those injuries has been charged, convicted and sentenced. There lies the consequence with regard to the perpetrator of those injuries.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 63. \tab}We see this situation as being somewhat different to the case R v Petricevic}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid5854330 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s40\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs42\super\insrsid5854330 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5854330  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid540342 R v Petricevic [2012] NZHC 785.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  referred to us by counsel. In that case, the offending against Petricevic and his family occurred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5536002\charrsid4017174 sometime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174  after the initial offending - not during the course of that event. Further, it is unclear whether the perpetrators in that case had already been convicted and sentenced, as has happened in this case.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 64. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16088585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
We are not of the view that the injuries suffered in the course of committing this criminal offence should be considered as a mitigating factor in sentencing, especially given the perpetrator of the shooting has already been convicted and sentenced.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536002 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid1785195 Section 28 Niue Act 1966;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 65. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1785195 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 As noted above, counsel for the appellant submits that the judge should have considered a non-custodial sentence as a sentencing option, as provided for by s 28 Niue Act 1966.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 66. \tab}Section 28 of the Niue Act 1966 states:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1785195 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid1785195 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4017174\charrsid1785195  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid1785195 
Labour instead of imprisonment
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1785195 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1785195 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Any person sentenced to imprisonment or committed to prison in Niue may, by order of a judg
e of the High Court made either at the time of sentence or committal or at any time thereafter, be discharged from custody on condition that he labours on public works in Niue for the term or the residue of the term for which he has been so sentenced or c
ommitted.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3357816 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3357816 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Every prisoner so discharged shall perform the labour so appointed for him under the control and subject to the direction of some officer nominated for that purpose by [the Premier].
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1457489 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1457489 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 If any prisoner so discharged makes default in the due p
erformance of the labour so appointed for him, or is guilty of any insubordination or other misconduct, whether in respect of that labour or otherwise, he may be arrested without warrant by any officer of police or of prisons; and a judge of the High Cour
t
 may in his discretion (without the necessity of any judicial inquiry) revoke the discharge of that prisoner and commit him to prism for a period equal to that for which he would have been imprisoned subsequent to the order of discharge had no such order 
been made, with such deduction (if any) as the judge thinks fit, having regard to the seriousness of the default, insubordination, or misconduct, and to any labour duly performed by the prisoner in accordance with the conditions of his discharge.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Where 
pursuant to subsection (3) of this section a prisoner is committed to prism for a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1457489  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
term expiring before the date on which, if he had not been discharged under this section, the original period of imprisonment would have expired, then, on the expiration of t
he term for which he is committed pursuant to that subsection, the order of discharge made under subsection (1) of this section and the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section shall again apply to him for the residue of the term for which he
 was originally sentenced or committed.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 67. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12207351 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 It is clear from the minutes of the case that the Chief Justice did turn his mind to this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid751379  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 section, and it was well within his discretion to do so. However in his view, the circumstances and seriousness of the offending meant that consideration of s 28 was not warranted.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 68. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid751379 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 We agree with the Chief Justice on this point.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536002 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid751379 Compensation for loss of property
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 69. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14830197 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Section 287(1) of the Niue Act states:
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14830197 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid14830197 287}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4017174\charrsid14830197  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2246139\charrsid14830197 Compensation for loss of property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14830197 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid14830197 
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14830197 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14830197 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 On the conviction of a
ny person for any offence, the High Court may order the offender to pay to any person such sum as it thinks fit by way of compensation for any loss or damage to property suffered by that person through or by means of the offence.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14830197 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Where on the arrest of
 the offender any money was taken from him, the High Court may in its discretion order the whole or any part of the money to be applied to any such payment.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14830197 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Any order for payment under this section may be enforced in the same manner as a fine.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7021064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7021064 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 An order under this section shall not affect the right of any person to recover by civil proceedings any sum in excess of the amount recovered under the order.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 70. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7021064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The obvious advantage of this section is that the victim does not have to take civil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7021064  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 proceeding
s in order to prove the debt. We agree with the Crown submission that it is not in the public interest for the victim to be forced to take action in the civil jurisdiction to establish liability for the damage to his house due to arson.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 71. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15208345 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Section 287(3)
 provides that an order for compensation may be enforced in the same manner as a fine.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 72. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid76597 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
In our view, the compensation in effect constitutes a judgment debt and is enforced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9252257  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 as such pursuant to s 241 of the Niue Act 1966 which states:

\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9252257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2246139\charrsid9252257 Enforcement of fines
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9252257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9252257 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2246139\charrsid13920645 
Every fine imposed upon any person by the High Court shall constitute a judgment debt due by that person to the Crown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
, and payment thereof shall be enforceable and recoverable accordingly by writ of sale or any other civil process of execution in the same manner in all respects as if the debt had been recovered in civil proceedings at the suit of the Crown.
\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12866547 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12866547 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
Any person upon whom any such fine has been imposed may, by warrant under the seal of the High Court, be committed to prison by a Judge of that Court for a period not exceeding 6 months, but shall be entitled to be discharged from imprisonment on payment 
of the fine.
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12866547 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
When any person has been so committed to prison, no proceedings or further proceedings shall thereafter be taken for the enforcement of the fine by way of civil process under this section.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13920645 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 (Emphasis added)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 73. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13920645 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 We recognised the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4017174\charrsid4017174 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 s
 limited capacity to make repayment due to imprisonment and losing his employment. However, the appellant is not being asked to repay the amount by weekly payments as is common with reparation orders. When and how the compensation order will be enforced i
s something for the victim to pursue if at all.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 74. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5584979 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 
This debt is somewhat different to a reparation order in New Zealand. In New Zealand reparation does not constitute a judgment debt as such.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 75. \tab}We do not think that in imposing the compensation order th
ere should be a discount to the imposed imprisonment.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 76. \tab}
In our view the Chief Justice was within his discretion to impose the compensation order in the manner he did.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536002 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid5584979 Decision
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 77. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5584979 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 We therefore uphold the appeal in part. We agree that the starting point of three and a half years was excessive. In all other respects we concur with the Chief Justice.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 78. \tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 The sentence to be imposed is therefore:

\par {\listtext\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li1440\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls42\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3941779 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941779 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Mr Tahega be sentenced to two years and one month in prison; and
\par {\listtext\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941779 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Compensation be ordered in the sum of $3,344.00.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang3081\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp3081\insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 79. \tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941779 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 A copy of this decision is to be sent to all parties.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941779 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139\charrsid4017174 Dated the 25th day of June 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2246139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10178604 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts38\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5536002\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3528\clshdrawnil \cellx3528\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2635\clshdrawnil \cellx6163\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3082\clshdrawnil \cellx9245\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5536002\yts38 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9382378\charrsid5536002 Justice W W Issac, Presiding\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13053271\charrsid5536002 Justice N Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9382378\charrsid5536002 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13053271\charrsid5536002 Justice C T Coxhead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9382378\charrsid5536002 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9382378\charrsid5536002 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts38\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5536002\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3528\clshdrawnil \cellx3528\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2635\clshdrawnil \cellx6163\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3082\clshdrawnil \cellx9245\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10178604 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941779\charrsid4017174 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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