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{\title Notice: This slip opinion has not been certified by the Clerk of the Supreme Court for publication in the permanent law reports}{\author daniel stafford}{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2009\mo8\dy12\hr15\min35}{\revtim\yr2009\mo8\dy13\hr8\min25}
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\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Notice: This slip opinion has not been certified by the Clerk of the Supreme Court for publication in the permanent law reports.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Until certified, it is subject to revision or withdrawal.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In any event of discrepancies between this slip opinion and the opinion certified for publication, the certified opinion controls.}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Readers are requested to bring errors to the attention of the Clerk of the Supreme Court, PO Box 502165 Saipan, MP 96950, phone (670) 236-9715, fax (670) 236-9702, e-mail SupremeCourtClerk@justice.gov.mp}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112\charrsid15340112 IN }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9529936\charrsid15340112 THE SUPREME}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  COURT}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4935289  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 OF THE
\par COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 MA. MARILYN V. CASTRO, }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4935289 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 on behalf of herself and her minor daughter, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4935289 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 LOLAINE MARIE V. CASTRO,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 Petitioners-Appellees}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 V
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 RICARDO C. CASTRO,
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 Respondent-Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112\charrsid15340112 SUPREME COURT NO. 05-0010-GA
\par SUPERIOR COURT NO. 05-0171
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 SLIP OPINION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9378307\charrsid15340112 Cite as: 2009 MP }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7550477\charrsid15340112 8}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10688477\charrsid15340112 Decided August 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 2009
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\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Stephen C. Woodruff, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, for Petitioners-Appellees}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Edward C. Arriola, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, for Respondent-Appellant}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 BEFORE:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
John A. Manglona, Associate Justice; Timothy H. Bellas, Justice Pro Tem; Jesus C. Borja, Justice Pro Tem. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par MANGLONA, J.:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 1\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Appellant Ricardo C. Castro appeals a trial court order prohibiting him from entering onto his property and evicting tenants with no legal interest in the property, arguing that the trial court (1) effectuated a compensable taking, (2) violated his proced
ural due process rights by prohibiting him from commencing eviction proceedings, and (3) violated his substantive due process rights by arbitrarily ousting him from his property.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We find that the trial court did not effectuate a taking, as it is inherently 
incapable of doing so, and that no procedural due process violation occurred because Ricardo was allowed to raise the issue of his property rights during the relevant judicial proceeding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, because the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 protective order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 did not promote a legitimate state objective, the trial court arbitrarily deprived Ricardo of a recognized property interest, and in doing so violated his substantive due process rights.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Accordingly, we REVERSE the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 trial court\rquote s decision}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  and VACATE the protective order. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 I}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 2\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Appellant Ricardo }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 C. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Castro owned several apartments in Susupe.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Ricardo\rquote 
s son, Richard, was married to the appel}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275951\charrsid15340112 lee, Marilyn Castro, and the couple}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  resided in one of Ricardo\rquote 
s apartments with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112  their daughter, Lolaine Castro.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 
On February 3, 2004,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  Richard }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275951\charrsid15340112 moved out of the apartment, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 but }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Ricardo allowed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1275951\charrsid15340112 Marilyn and Lolaine}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  to remain without objection until January 2005, at which time he verbally requested that they vacate the premises.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Marilyn and Lolaine did not comply with his request, and in March 2005, Ricardo again reiterated his desire that they move out.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Once again, Marilyn and Lolaine remained in the apartment.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 On April 4, 2005, Ricardo sent a letter \endash  the first written notice \endash  demanding that Marilyn and Loraine move out within seven days.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The letter contained no threats, but reminders of his previous verbal requests, and a concluding notice which stated, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 I am giving you up until Monday April 11, 2005 to vacate MY house.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Appellant\rquote s Except of Record (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ER}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ) at 8. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 3\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The day before Ricardo\rquote s deadline, Marilyn sought and obtained a Temporary Restraining Order (}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 TRO}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ) pursuant to 8 CMC \'a7 1916.}{\cs16\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495582 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid5184332 \chftn }{\insrsid5184332  \tab 8 CMC \'a7 1916 is entitled the}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid1261997  \'93
Domestic and Family Violence Prevention Act of 2000.\'94}{\insrsid5184332   }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid1261997 Whether Ricardo was abusive to Marilyn or Lolaine is not at issue in this case.  }{\insrsid5184332 Nevertheless, we note that}{
\insrsid5184332\charrsid1261997  there is no evidence in the record to support a finding that Ricardo was abusive at any time relevant to these proceedings.  In fact, Ricardo allowed Marilyn and Lolaine to remain in his apartment rent-free for a
lmost one year before}{\insrsid5184332 
 asking them to relocate.  Even then, he claims to have offered them alternative living arrangements in a different apartment he owned.  The only allegation of potentially inappropriate behavior by Ricardo appears in Marilyn\rquote s testimon
y at the April 13, 2005 hearing, where she stated, \'93[t]hat\rquote s what he said to my daughter \endash  that I need to move you guys out of here \endash  in a loud voice,\'94 to which the 11-year-old Lolaine replied \'93[G]randpa, fuck you.\'94
  ER at 37-38.  Attorney for Marilyn and Lolaine also stated in his April 11, 2005 Declaration of Counsel that Marilyn seemed \'93upset, scared, and nervous on account of a statement }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid6821916 conveyed to her by a third party}{
\insrsid5184332  upon the instructions of Respondent.\'94  ER at 10.  He further submitted that the third party allegedly told Marilyn that Ricardo would request police assistance if Marilyn and Lolaine did not move out by April 11, 2005. }{
\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid275482  Id}{\i\insrsid5184332 .
\par }}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The TRO prohibited Ricardo from, among other things, contacting, molesting, battering, or coming within ten yards 
of Marilyn or Loraine or their residence.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Castro v. Castro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , Civ. No. 05-0171 (NMI Super. Ct. April 11, 2005) (Order to Show Cause and Temporary Restraining Order at 2).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Because Marilyn had applied for the TRO ex parte, the trial court set a hearing for April 13, 2005 to give Ricardo an opportunity to be heard on the issue.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 4\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Following the April 13, 2005 hearing with both parties, the trial court issued a protective order (the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 order}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ), again stating that Ricardo }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 shall
 not molest, attack, strike, threaten, sexually assault, batter, telephone or disturb the peace of [Marilyn] and children/family members.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Castro v. Castro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , Civ. No. 05-0171 (NMI Super. Ct. April 13, 2005) (Order of Protection at 1).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The order was entered on a form containing mostly boilerplate language.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The court noted which provision applied to Ricardo, filled in the parties\rquote  names, and entered other routine administrative information pertinent to the hearing.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The order also had a blank area for the judge to include special provisions.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In this section, the trial court stated that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [Ricardo] is ordered not to evict [Marilyn].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[Marilyn] have [sic] 30 days to move out.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[Ricardo] is ordered not to turn off the power and turn on the water 2 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the evening.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 . at 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The order was effective for one year from the date of issuance, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 unless sooner modified or dissolved by the Court . . . .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The trial court also ordered the parties to appear for a review hearing the following month.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The parties reconvened on May 12, 2005, and the trial court subsequently dissolved the order based on testimony that Marilyn and Lolaine had already moved out of the apartment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 On appeal, Ricardo claims the April 13, 2005 order prohibiting him from exe
rcising his right to eject Marilyn and Lolaine violated his due process rights, and that the government committed an unconstitutional taking by excluding him from his property.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 II}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Mootness}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 5\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15622119\charrsid15340112 Aside from costs on appeal, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Ricardo does not request monetary damages for the alleged harm caused by the trial court\rquote s order preventing him from evicting Marilyn and Lolaine.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Rather, he }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 seeks reversal of the lower court\rquote 
s order. . . .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 11.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, because Marilyn and Lolaine have moved off the premises, any action by the Court would not affect the legal rights of either party in this case.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The case, in essence, became moot the day Marilyn and Lolaine moved out.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }
{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 6\tab The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[d]uty of the Court is to decide actual co
ntroversies by a judgment which can be carried into effect, and not to give opinions on moot questions or abstract propositions, or to declare principles or rules of law which cannot affect the matter at issue in the case at bar.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Bank of Saipan v. Superior Court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 2004 MP 15}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15151681\charrsid15340112  \'b6 8}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  (citing}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  In re Seman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI 57, 64 (1992)).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Further, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 courts lack jurisdiction to decide moot cases.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Govendo v. Micronesian Garment Manufacturing, Inc.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 2 NMI 270, 281 (1991).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 An application of these principles to the facts of this 
case would preclude the Court from taking any action, as a decision for either party would amount to a mere declaration of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 7\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 On the other hand, this Court can depart from the mootness doctrine when a case rests soundly within }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12343051\charrsid15340112 one of three}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  recognized exception}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12343051\charrsid15340112 s}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 For example, a defendant\rquote s }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 voluntary cessation of illegal conduct does not moot a case; if it did the courts would be compelled to leave \lquote 
the defendant . . .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 free to return to his old ways.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 United States v. Concentrated Phosphate Export Ass\rquote n}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 , 393 U.S. 199, 203 (1968) (citing }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 United States v. W.T. Grant Co.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14553578\charrsid15340112 , 345 U.S. 629, 632 (1953).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 Additionally, if the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12343051\charrsid15340112 principal }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 plaintiff }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12343051\charrsid15340112 in a class action lawsuit }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 
ceases to belong to the class}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 , the case does not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 automatically }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 become moot for the parties he or she formerly represented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 Sosna v. Iowa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1576088\charrsid15340112 , 419 U.S. 393, 401 (1975).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 The final exception, which is applicable to the case at hand, applies if a controversy is capable of repetition yet has evaded, or will likely continue to evade review.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 Bank of Saipan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 , 2004 MP 15 \'b6 8.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \'b6 8\tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 capable of repetition yet evading review}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 exception applies when the issue raised is one that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 affects the public interest and i
t is likely that similar issues arising in the future would likewise become moot before the Court can make a determination.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 
Id.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Some jurisdictions hold that this exception is only applicable only when }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 there is a reasonable expectation that the same complaining party will be subjected to the same action again.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Foster v. Carson}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 347, F.3d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  Cole v. Oroville Union High Sch. Dist.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 228 F.3d 1092, 1098 (9th Cir. 2000)).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, the exception set forth in }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Bank of Saipan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  does not require the potential reoccurrence of a similar conflict between identical parties.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Under the Commonwealth\rquote s broader }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 capable of repetition yet evading review}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 exception, a case is justiciable even though the potentially repetitive act may never again involve the parties before the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The issue must simply be a matter of public interest that will likely continue to arise yet become moot before the Court has an opportunity to review it.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112 When applying the }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112 capable of repetition yet evading review}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112  exception, we first determine whether the controversy}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112 involves an}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  issu}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  that affect}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5836070\charrsid15340112 s}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  the public interest.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We have previously recognized that constitutional questions satisfy this prong of the exception.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See Seman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI at 65.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Ricardo alleges a violation of his due process rights, and also seeks reversal pursuant to the Commonwealth takings clause in Article XIII of the Commonwealth Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In accordance with }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Bank of Saipan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ,}{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 the constitutional nature of his claims makes them appropriate for review under this }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15622119\charrsid15340112 prong of the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 exception.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Additionally, it is likely that similar controversies will arise in the future but become moot before this Court has an opportunity to review them.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The trial court\rquote s order was effective for just over one month.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Such temporary protective orders in similar cases are not uncommon, and due to their inherently short duration, quite easily escape review.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Therefore, the threat of such repetition sufficiently brings this case within the second requi
rement of the exception, and justifies our consideration despite its mootness.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 III}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Judicial Takings}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \tab Ricardo asserts that the trial court unconstitutionally took 
his property by prohibiting him from going within ten yards of his apartment between April 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15151681\charrsid15340112 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 2005 and May 16, 2005.}{\cs16\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495582 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid5184332 \chftn }{\insrsid5184332  \tab While the trial court held the review hearing on May 12, 2005, it did not actually dissolve the order until May 16, 2005.}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Since a depr
ivation of property rights by the judiciary differs from a traditional taking of private land for public use by the legislative or executive branch, we examine whether a takings analysis is applicable when the state action occurs in the form of a judicial
 order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Constitutional issues are inherently questions of law and are, therefore, reviewed de novo.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Commonwealth v. Tinian Casino Gaming Control Comm\rquote n}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI 134, 143 (1992).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The Commonwealth government\rquote 
s eminent domain authority derives from the Commonwealth Constitution, which states, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[t]he Commonwealth may exercise the power of eminent domain as provided by law to acquire private property necessary for the accomplishment of a public purpose.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 NMI Const. art. XIII \'a7 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, when it does so }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [t]he government is required to pay \lquote just compensation\rquote  for private property taken for a public purpose.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Commonwealth v. Bordallo}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 1 NMI 208, 219 (1990) (citing NMI Const. art. XIII \'a7 2).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 It is well-settled that a taking requires state action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
However, the Commonwealth takings clause does not specify whether the act can or must derive from any specific branch of government.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Rather, the provision simply grants authority to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[t]he Commonwealth.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 NMI Const. art. XIII \'a7 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Nevertheless, this Court has previously articulated that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[c]ourts lack the power of {\*\bkmkstart SR_906}{\*\bkmkstart SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR_906}eminent {\*\bkmkstart SR_907}{\*\bkmkend SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR_907}
domain and lack the power to pass laws or promulgate regulations [which are executive in nature]. Therefore, the Court is simply incapable of \lquote taking\rquote 
 property as that term is defined in constitutional law. To suggest otherwise is to fundamentally misunderstand what the term means.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Roberto v. Roberto}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  2004 MP 7 \'b6
 7 (finding that a takings analysis is improper where appellant seeks review of the lower court\rquote s probate findings).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The judiciary generally lacks the eminent domain powers reserved for other branches of government, such as the power to impose an easement for public utilities purposes, or to seize an area of wetlands for wildlife preservation.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Consequently, if the judiciary cannot }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 take}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 in the traditional sense of the word, then it cannot be expected to compensate an aggrieved party who claims a taking has occurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We will not apply Section 2, requiring compensation, to the trial court\rquote s actions, while ignoring the fact that Section 1 is wholly inapplicable to the judicial branch.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 14}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
In addition, cases centering on the government\rquote s power of eminent domain overwhelmingly, if not uniformly, include the government as a party to the action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The present case is limited to a dispute between two private parties.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Accordingly, a reversal premised on takings jurisprudence would, in effect, amount to a judgment against a non-party.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In a dispute between private parties over property, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
we simply decide how the law should apply . . . .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In practice, if we were to accept Ricardo\rquote s interpretation of judicial takings theory, }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 a 
{\*\bkmkstart SR_7585}{\*\bkmkend SR_7585}claim would arise every time an appellate court, upon further evaluation of the facts and applicable law, elected to reverse or modify a decision affecting property rights.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Ryan v. Tanabe}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 97 Hawai\rquote 
i 305, 315 (1999).}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Each time a lower court, upon misguided application of the law, temporarily misplaced an individual
\rquote s property interest, it could later expect a collateral lawsuit attempting to compensate a party for the amount of time he or she was dispossessed, whether it be for }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852042\charrsid15340112 a }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 few hours or a period of years.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Such a construction defies common sense, and we reject it as untenable.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Appellate courts must be allowed to review and modify lower court decisions without the threat of a lawsuit hanging over the head of the judiciary.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Thus, where the trial court erroneously allows an individual to remain on another\rquote s property in the context of an alleged domestic dispute, no taking has occurred.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Due Process}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Having found that no taking occurred under Article XIII of the Commonwealth Constitution, we next consider whether the trial court deprived Ricardo of his righ}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933893\charrsid15340112 
t to due process under Article I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , Section 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Constitutional issues, including whether a trial court order violates a party\rquote s right to due process, are subject to de novo review on appeal.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Office of the Attorney Gen. v. Rivera}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI 436, 441 (1993).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Ricardo claims a violation of his right to }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1632}{\*\bkmkend SR_1632}due}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1633}{\*\bkmkend SR_1633}process}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  of law under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution and Article }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933893\charrsid15340112 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , Section 5 of the Commonwealth Constitution.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart FN5}{\*\bkmkstart F00552003210988}{\*\bkmkend FN5}
{\*\bkmkend F00552003210988} }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The Commonwealth provision states that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [n]o person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933893\charrsid15340112 NMI Const. art. I \'a7 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Put another way, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [d]ue process is a constitutional right against the improper deprivation of a property interest.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Estate of Faisao v. Tenorio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 4 NMI 260, 265 (1995).}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Additionally, as Ricardo notes, federal }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
{\*\bkmkstart SR_1659}{\*\bkmkend SR_1659}due}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1660}{\*\bkmkend SR_1660}process}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  guarantees are applicable in the Commonwealth pursuant to Section 501 of the Covenant.}{\cs16\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15495582 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid5184332 \chftn }{\insrsid5184332  \tab 
Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1801 note.}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Office of the Attorney Gen. v. Honrado}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 5 NMI 8, 10 (1996) (citing Covenant \'a7 501 (48 U.S.C. \'a7
 1801 note)).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 B
ecause the Commonwealth and U.S.Constitutions are essentially coextensive in regard to due process protections, we analyze the present facts as if the two bodies of law are one.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Due process has both a procedural and a substantive component.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Matter of Seman}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933893\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI at }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 67.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The concept of procedural }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1797}{\*\bkmkend SR_1797}due}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs17\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1798}{\*\bkmkend SR_1798}process}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  implies that official action must meet a minimum standard of fairness to the individual, conferring the right, for example, to adequate notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Honrado}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 5 NMI at 10.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, the Commonwealth\rquote 
s Due Process Clause, like its federal counterpart, ensures not only a fair process, but protects individuals against improper substantive deprivations of property, whether by legislative or executive action, or by court order.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
A statute [or order] violates substantive due process when a litigant with standing shows that a challenged statute [or order] adversely affects a recognized life, liberty, or property entitlement and in doing so doe
s not promote a legitimate state objective by reasonable means.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Matter of Seman}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI at 67 (citing }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Moreno v. State Department of Taxation}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 775 P.2d 497, 501 (Wyo. 1989)).}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
A due process infringement of an individual's non fundamental life, liberty, or property entitlement occurs only when it amounts to an arbitrary deprivation of that entitlement.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 . (quoting }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Moreno}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 775 P.2d at 500)}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12586981\charrsid15340112 .}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 When, however, the Commonwealth places a restriction on a }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 fundamental}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  individual right, the Commonwealth must provide a compelling justification for such an abridgment.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  (emphasis added).}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 1}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 8}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The trial court order directing Ricardo not to evict Marilyn and Lolaine raises aspects of both procedural and substantive due process.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 On one hand, Ricardo was not allowed to commence eviction proceedings when it was his legal right to do so.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
It is undisputed that Ricardo was the sole owner of the apartment where Marilyn and Lolaine resided; neither Marilyn nor Lolaine had any legally cognizable interest in the property during the period in controversy.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Furthermore, the trial court made no finding of abuse under }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 8 CMC \'a7 1916, which}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  would have allowed it to take protective measures }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933893\charrsid15340112 that}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  might have incidentally infringed on Ricardo\rquote s property rights.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Instead, the order explicitly stated that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [Ricardo] is ordered not to evict [Marilyn].}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Castro}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , Civ. No. 05-0171 (Order of Protection at 2).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
We understand this to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12586981\charrsid15340112  mean that, in addition to self-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
help remedies, Ricardo was also precluded from commencing eviction proceedings or bringing a trespass action to oust Marilyn and Lolaine without violating the order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 When viewed in this light, the trial court barred Ricardo from pursuing any available remedy that may have allowed him to lawfully regain access to his apartment.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Employing this logic, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12586981\charrsid15340112 Ricardo was}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  deprived of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 a meaningful opportunity to be heard}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  on the merits of his real property claim.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Honrado}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 5 NMI at 10. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
On the other hand, Ricardo was present and represented by counsel at the April 13, 2005 proceedings against him.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
He was allowed to testify, and the trial court presumably took his testimony into account prior to affirming the order.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Further, the parties engaged in a discussion with the court concerning Lolaine\rquote s and Marilyn\rquote s status as tenants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
More importantly, Ricardo\rquote s attorney brought to the court\rquote s attention 2 CMC \'a7 40204, which governs a property owner\rquote s remedies regarding holdover tenants.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Although the purpose of the hearing was to discern the validity of Lolaine\rquote s domestic abuse allegations, the trial court heard testimony regarding the order\rquote 
s impact on Ricardo\rquote s property rights, and subsequently allowed the order to remain in effect without regard to its unconstitutional collateral consequences.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Because the issu
e of property rights was raised and addressed in a proceeding in which the party alleging a due process violation was present and allowed to testify, we find that Ricardo\rquote s procedural due process rights were not violated.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 20}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We next consider whether th
e trial court violated Ricardo\rquote s substantive due process rights by not allowing him to make use of his property during the period in question.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Under the }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Seman}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 standard for determining substantive due process violations, the Court must first determine whether the infringed-upon right is fundamental or non fundamental.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 3 NMI at 67.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Seman}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 Court considered the constitutionality of a statute allowing the Commonwealth to involuntarily commit an adult to a psychiatric unit for observation and treatment.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  at 60.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Upon evaluating the nature of the appellant\rquote s confinement, the Court held that }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 liberty [is] a fundamental right that is recognized in the constitutional sense as carrying a preferred status and so is entitled to special protection.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  at 67 (citing }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Molar v. Gates}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 159 Cal.Rptr. 239 (Cal.Ct.App.1979)).}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 21}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 While we have never adopted 
a conclusive list of fundamental rights in the context of a due process analysis, we note that the United States Supreme Court has held certain individual interests to be fundamental.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Among these interests are the right to vote, }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 383 U.S. 663, 670 (1966) (recognizing the right to vote as fundamental, and more specifically holding that poll taxes are unconstitutional prohibitions to ballot access); the right to travel, }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Shapiro v. Thompson}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 394 U.S. 618, 631 (1969) (recogni
zing that individuals have a fundamental right to travel and relocate from one state to another); the right to privacy, }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Griswold v. Connecticut}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 381 U.S. 479, 485 (1965) (finding a fundamental right to marital privacy, and specifically prohibiting states from banning the use of contraceptives by married couples); }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Roe v. Wade}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 410 U.S. 113, 155 (1973) (finding a fundamental right of an adult to have an abortion prior to viability of the fetus); }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Lawrence v. Texas}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 539 U.S. 558, 578 (2003) (finding a fundamental right to sexual relations between two consenting adults); }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Loving v. Virginia}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 388 U.S. 1, 12 (1967) (finding a fundamental right to marriage); and rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Sherbert v. Verner}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 374 U.S. 398, 403 (1963) (recognizing an individual\rquote s fundamental right to freely practice her religion); }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Brandenburg v. Ohio}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
, 395 U.S. 444, 449 (1969) (finding a fundamental right to free speech so long as it is not likely to incite imminent lawless action).}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 

\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 22}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
In the present case, Ricardo asserts that the trial court unconstitutionally deprived him of an interest in his property, namely the right to enter onto it between }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12595126\charrsid15340112 April 11}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 2005 and May 16, 2005}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We must, therefore, determine whether an owner\rquote s interest in his property is fundamental, su
ch that his use and access should be free from government interference absent compelling circumstances.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 \'b6 2}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 3}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 History and tradition are the starting point when deciding whether to recognize a right as fundamental.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Lawrence}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 539 U.S. 558, 572 (2003).}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
One only has to look to the preamble of the Commonwealth Constitution to understand that its framers based the rights and regulations therein on historical and cultural considerations.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 It states in part that, }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
[w]e the people . . . ordain and establish this Constitution as the embodiment of our traditions and hopes for the Commonwealth . . . .}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 NMI Const. pmbl.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The Covenant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12595126\charrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
also recognizes that history and tradition are central factors in determining the importance of certain individual rights over others.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Covenant \'a7 805 (48 U.S.C. \'a7 1801 note).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Indeed, some individual interests are so enshrined, whether th}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852042\charrsid15340112 r}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
ough historical or cultural considerations, or }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12595126\charrsid15340112 through the text of the C}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
onstitution itself, that they are insulated from government intrusion unless there}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12595126\charrsid15340112  is a compelling reason to permit such intrusion}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See Loving}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ,}{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 388 U.S.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10565120\charrsid15340112  at }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 11.}{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 
\par }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid10120887 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 24}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Property rights and the proverbial }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 bundle of sticks}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  are essential and unique individual interests that must be guarded with the utmost vigilance.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, provisions found in Commonwealth Constitution and subsequent statutes lead us to believe that property rights are not fundamental for purposes of due process analysis.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 For example, }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
the Commonwealth legislature enacted extensive zoning laws in 1994 allowing the zoning board to impose regulations on land usage.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 2 CMC \'a7 7221.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 In addition, }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 the Commonwealth Constitution gives the government the authority to seize private land for public use.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 NMI Const. art. XIII \'a7 1.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13200206\charrsid15340112 Likewise}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , the United States Supreme Court has expanded states\rquote 
 eminent domain powers even more by authorizing them to seize land from an individual and convey it to another private party for purposes of economic development.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Kelo v. City of New London}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 545 U.S. 469, 486 (2005).}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13200206\charrsid15340112 Additionally, i}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9378307\charrsid15340112 n upholding the Commonwealth
\rquote s land alienation restrictions set forth at Article XII, the Ninth Circuit held that equal rights to land ownership are not }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9378307\charrsid15340112 fundame}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13200206\charrsid15340112 ntal in the international sense.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9378307\charrsid15340112 Wabol v. Villacrusis}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9378307\charrsid15340112 
, 958 F.2d 1450, 1462 (9th Cir. 1992).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Perhaps more relevant to the case at hand, a landowner must allow a holdover tenant to remain on his or her property for three days prior to commencing eviction proceedings for nonpayment of rent, 2 CMC \'a7
 40204(b), and fifteen days for a failure to cure a material breach other than nonpayment of rent, 2 CMC \'a7 40204(c).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13306732\charrsid15340112 The above}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112  examples of state intrusion on individual property interests are strong evidence that}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 land regulations have become necessary to further certain societal goals, and thus are generally accepted}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072851\charrsid15340112  exercises of government power.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112 Because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13306732\charrsid15340112 of this}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112 , and because }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112 absolute}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112  property rights are not guaranteed by either the Commonwealth or}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14498704\charrsid15340112  the United States Constitution}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4738083\charrsid15340112 
 we find that they are not fundamental for due process purposes.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4738083\charrsid15340112 W}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272370\charrsid15340112 e note that our decision is consistent with}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13306732\charrsid15340112  federal precedent, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6120570\charrsid15340112 which uniformly subjects government interference with real property to }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675240\charrsid15340112 
a rational basis analysis, indicating that federal courts do not consider prop}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 erty rights to be fundamental.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 The United St
ates Supreme Court has held that states may reasonably regulate private property through zoning schemes, eminent domain powers, set-back provisions, and land use restrictions, even if those regulations are not entirely necessary.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 Kelo}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 , 545 U.S. at 488; }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 Lingle v. Cheveron U.S.A., Inc.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 , 544 U.S. 528, 537 (2005); }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 Eastlake v. Forest City Enters., Inc.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 , 426 U.S. 668, 674 (1976).}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 Moreover, the Eleventh Circuit has explicitly said that property rights }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 are not equivalent to fundamental rights, which are created by the constitution itself.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 Dekalb Stone v. County of Dekalb}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11604848\charrsid15340112 
, 106 F.3d 956, 959 n.6 (11th Cir. 1997).}{\cs16\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411618\charrsid15340112 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3411618 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid5184332 \chftn }{\insrsid5184332  \tab }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 In }{\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 Dekalb Stone}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 
, the government granted special permission to }{\insrsid5184332 a landowner to }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 mine rock in a res}{\insrsid5184332 idential neighborhood.  Because many neighbors complained about the noise}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 
, the government ordered the owner to cease operations.  Thereafter, the owner alleged that his substantive due process rights had been violated, and that }{\insrsid5184332 his}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373  right to use his land as
 he saw fit was fundamental.  The court disagreed, stating that land usage rights were not fundamental, as any such right was state-created rather than constitutionally guaranteed.  The only way he would have been able to succeed on a substantive due proc
ess claim was if the government\rquote s decision was \'93arbitrary and capricious.\'94  }{\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 Id.}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373  at 959.  Since the government had an interest in providing a nuisance-free environment for }{
\insrsid5184332 surrounding}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373  residents, the order to cease met that standard.  
\par }\pard \s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13200206 {\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 Unlike }{\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 Dekalb Stone}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 , th
e instant case does not involve zoning variances or land use rights.  Here, the Court is asked to define a party\rquote 
s property rights in the context of a landlord-tenant dispute, and the effect of a judicial order issued under the color of a domestic abuse statute.  Nonetheless, the plaintiff in this case, like the plaintiff in }{\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 
Dekalb Stone}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 ,}{\i\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373  }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 complains that a government decision kept him from enjoying his property when it was his alleged right to do so.  }{\insrsid5184332 
\par Similarly, w}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid18373 e acknowledge that we have relied upon eminent domain cases, even though it is readily apparent to this Court that no}{\insrsid5184332  taking occurred}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid13200206 .  }{
\insrsid5184332\charrsid10688477 We have also looked to property rights and equal protection analysis under the territories clause, even though the government in the case at hand did not act in a d
iscriminatory manner.  Although factually dissimilar, these cases demonstrate that courts abstain from subjecting government interference with property rights}{\insrsid5184332\charrsid3242343  to strict scrutiny analysis.}{\insrsid5184332   }{
\insrsid5184332\charrsid13200206 The case at hand is unique, and for this reason we must reach beyond factually analogous case law and incorporate related real property and constitutional principles to set up a framework for our analysis.}}}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13519608\charrsid15340112 Likewise, we}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  do not consider an owner\rquote 
s interest in his or her property to be fundamental, }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 such that his use and access should be free from government interference absent compelling circumstances.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 26}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Having determined that the property interest at issue is not fundamental, we must now apply the appropriate test to determine whether the trial court\rquote s order violated Ricardo\rquote s substantive due process rights.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
When evaluating government infringement on a non fundamental right, the Court should determine whether the challenger has shown that the state action adversely affected a recognized property entitl
ement, and in doing so failed to promote a legitimate state objective.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Seman}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI at 67.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Here, the trial court failed to promote a legitimate state objective by not allowing Ricardo to enter onto his property.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 The purpose of the order was to protect Lolaine and Marilyn from harassment by Ricardo, but the trial court never made any finding of harassment.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 As Ricardo points out, even after the April 13, 2005 hearing where Marilyn expressly admitted, }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 I didn\rquote t testify for any harassment,}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  the trial court still allowed Marilyn and Lolaine to remain in the apartment while simultaneously excluding Ricardo.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1119016\charrsid15340112 ER at 36.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Because the trial court found no threat of violence or harassment, the order prohibiting Ricardo from venturing onto his property was arbitrary.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 When a challenger asserts a deprivation of a property entitlement, a substantive due process violation occurs }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 only when it amounts to an arbitrary deprivation of that entitlement.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{
\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1119016\charrsid15340112 Seman}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1119016\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI at 67}{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Because there was no legitimate purpose for allowing the order to remain effective, the trial court\rquote 
s April 13, 2005 order was a violation of Ricardo\rquote s substantive due process rights.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072851\charrsid15340112 \'b6 2}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 7}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 We note that statements made by the trial judge and by the appellees\rquote  counsel in the April 13, 2005 hearing provide insight into the trial court\rquote 
s reasons for allowing the TRO to remain effective even though the court made no finding of abuse.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12914426\charrsid15340112 
In January 2005, Ricardo verbally asked Marilyn and Lolaine to vacate the apartment, but they did not acquiesce.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12914426\charrsid15340112 
On April 5, 2005, Ricardo }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145894\charrsid15340112 again }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12914426\charrsid15340112 insisted that they leave}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145894\charrsid15340112 , this time}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12914426\charrsid15340112  by sending written notice.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12914426\charrsid15340112 In an effort to prevent eviction,}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145894\charrsid15340112  Marilyn applied for the TRO within a week of receiving the notice.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1145894\charrsid15340112 In the subsequent TRO review hearing,}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 counsel for the appellees admitted that }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Ms. Castro wants to leave the property \endash 
 she wants to leave the property entirely.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The issue is that she needs a place to stay until we can find the [means] for her to be able to do that.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 ER at 46.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Shortly thereafter, the trial judge stated, }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 [w]e\rquote ve got to figure out what to do with Ms. Castro,}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  and questioned the appellant\rquote s counsel, stating }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 so you\rquote re saying three days [notice] and you can just go yank them out and throw them on the street, is that what you\rquote re saying, Mr. Arriola?}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\cs18\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Id}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 . at 55.}{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
These statements, combined with the virtual absence of testimony concerning the alleged abuse or harassment, clearly indicate that the trial judge and appellees\rquote  counsel were principally concerned with the fact that
 the appellees had no other place to live, rather than potential domestic abuse.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 28}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The humanitarian concerns expressed by the trial judge and appellees\rquote  counsel have been addressed by the legislature, which recognized that a grace period f
or nonpaying tenants was needed to prevent temporary homelessness, and to allow tenants time to secure alternative housing.}{\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 A}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
 landowner must allow holdover tenants to remain for three days prior to evicting them for nonpayment of rent.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 2 CMC \'a7
 40204(b).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Th
e trial court, not wanting to oust a woman and child who had no other home, essentially extended this grace period under the color of a domestic abuse statute.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Generally, the trial court has broad discretion in tailoring a remedy to fit the factual circumstances of a particular case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 See Ito v. Macro Energy Inc.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 4 NMI 46, 64 (1993).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, it must do so within statutory parameters, and may not }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 contradict a clear legislative mandate.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Aquino v. Tinian Cockfighting Bd.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 3 NMI 287, 297 (citing }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Worley v. Harris}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 666 F.2d 417, 422 (9th Cir. 1982)).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
Accordingly, the trial court was not authorized to venture outside the three-day time period created for landlord-tenant disputes and prevent Ricardo from commencing an eviction action.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 According to Ricardo, he offered to let Marilyn and Lolaine stay in one of his other apartments until they could find a place of their own.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 As a result, the trial court }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13920633\charrsid15340112 might}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid137672\charrsid15340112 have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
been able to conform its remedy to statutory guidelines while accomplishing its goal of temporarily providing }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13920633\charrsid15340112 housing }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 for the appellees.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Nevertheless, }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13920633\charrsid15340112 the trial court violated Ricardo\rquote s substantive due process rights by preventing him from commencing an eviction action when it was his legal right to do so}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 29}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
There are situations in which the trial court does, however, have greater flexibility to craft a remedy that incidentally infringes upon an individual\rquote s property interests.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 This exception lies in the area of domestic relations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The trial court may exclude an allegedly abusive owner from his or her residence }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 regardless of ownership of the residence.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 8 CMC \'a71916(b)(3).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Additionally, an order of this nature is }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
effective until further order of the court.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112 " }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 8 CMC \'a71916(e).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 However, this remedy is available only where it appears that domestic violence has occurred.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 8 CMC \'a7 1916(a).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The appellee expressly admitted that neither she nor her daughter had been abused; they merely needed extra time to secure other housing.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Upon this admission the }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13920633\charrsid15340112 protective }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
order should have been dissolved, as the statute designed to protect against domestic abuse was no longer applicable.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The appellant, therefore, should have been allowed to commence eviction proceedings, and the trial court\rquote s prohibition against doing so violated his substantive due process rights.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\cs18\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 IV}{\cs18\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 {\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3635022\charrsid15340112 \'b6 30}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 \tab }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court violated appellant\rquote 
s substantive due process rights by preventing him from commencing an eviction action when it was his legal right to do so.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 
The trial court made no finding of abuse, yet abridged the appellant\rquote s property interests pursuant to 8 CMC \'a71916, a statute designed to protect individuals from domestic abuse.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 This abridgment, therefore, amounted to an arbitrary deprivation of the defendant\rquote s property interests.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 Accordingly, we REVERSE the trial court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2845968\charrsid15340112 \rquote s decision}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112  and VACATE the April 13, 2005 protective order.}{\cs16\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2755317\charrsid15340112 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2755317 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid5184332 \chftn }{\insrsid5184332  \tab }{\insrsid5184332\charrsid10565120 
In addition to reversal of the protective order, the appellant requests costs on appeal from the appellees.  In accordance with Commonwealth Rule of Appellate Procedure 39(a), \'93
if a judgment is reversed . . . or is vacated, costs may be allowed as ordered by the Court.\'94  The appellant may submit an itemized and verified bill of costs within fourteen days after the entry of judgment, which the Court will consider at that time.
}}}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15340112  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid7954586\charrsid15340112 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15340112 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10120887 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10688477\charrsid15340112 SO ORDERED this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007903\charrsid15340112 7th }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10688477\charrsid15340112 day of August}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid15340112 , 2009.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 John A. Manglona
\par Associate Justice
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 Timothy H. Bellas
\par Justice}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 Pro Tem
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10120887 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 Jesus C. Borja
\par Justice}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887  }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495582\charrsid10120887 Pro Tem}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417320\charrsid10120887 
\par }}