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Notice: This slip opinion has not been certified by the Clerk of the Supreme Court for publication in the permanent law reports.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Until certified, it is subject to revision or withdrawal.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In any event of discrepancies between this slip opinion and the opi
nion certified for publication, the certified opinion controls.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Readers are requested to bring errors to the attention of the Clerk of the Supreme Court, PO Box 502165 Saipan, MP 96950, phone (670) 236-9715, fax (670) 236-9702, e-mail SupremeCourtClerk@justice.gov.mp}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid12216703  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 OF THE
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1470943 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
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{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1980\shptop60\shpright6660\shpbottom60\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz0\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 20}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fPseudoInline}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8192\dpline\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx4680\dppty0\dpx1980\dpy60\dpxsize4680\dpysize0\dplinew15\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 CENTURY INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD.,
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 v.
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 HONG KONG ENTERTAINMENT (OVERSEAS) INVESTMENTS, LTD. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 DOING BUSINESS AS TINIAN DYNASTY HOTEL & CASINO, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 WAGON XY XIONG, WEI JIN AN, WEI HONG FOR HERSELF AND HER }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 MINOR CHILD WEI YONG TAO AND SHUN LI,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Defendants-Appellants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 SUPREME COURT NO. CV-06-0002-GA
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 SUPERIOR COURT NO. 05-0061
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{\sp{\sn fPseudoInline}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt8194\dpline\dpptx0\dppty0\dpptx4680\dppty0\dpx1980\dpy256\dpxsize4680\dpysize0\dplinew15\dplinecor0\dplinecog0\dplinecob0}}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 SLIP OPINION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 Cite as: 2009 MP }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid12216703 4}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 Decided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid12216703 May }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6708869\charrsid12216703 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968146\charrsid12216703 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 , 2009
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 G. Anthony Long, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 Esq., }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, for Defendant-Appellant
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid271806\charrsid1470943 John D. Osborn, Esq. (briefed and argued) and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Sean F. Frink, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 
Esq., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 BEFORE: Miguel S. Demapan, Chief Justice; 
Alexandro C. Castro, Associate Justice; John A. Manglona, Associate Justice
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Manglona, J.:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1\tab \tab Hong Kong Entertainment (Overseas) Investments}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9992466 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9907823\charrsid15484261 \chftn }{\insrsid9907823\charrsid15484261  }{
\insrsid12479139 \tab }{\insrsid2320253\charrsid2320253 Hong Kong Entertainment (Overseas) Investments, Ltd., is doing business as Tinian Dynasty Hotel and Casino on the island of Tinian.}{\insrsid9907823 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  (\'93Tinian Dynasty\'94) appeals the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288131\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 trial court\rquote 
s}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9992466 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid9992466 \chftn }{\insrsid9992466  \tab All references to the trial court }{\insrsid7091479 in this opinion }{\insrsid9992466 refer to the Commonwealth Superior Court.}{\insrsid7091479 
  All references to the district court refer to the United States District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands.}{\insrsid9992466 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  grant of summary judgment on the grounds that the trial court erred in finding that Century Insurance Corporation (\'93Century Insurance\'94
) was under no duty to defend Tinian Dynasty against claims filed in a federal lawsuit or to pay damages in relation thereto.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
For the reasons set forth below, we AFFIRM the trial court\rquote s decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 2\tab \tab In April }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  Century Insurance issued a public liability insurance policy and an umbrella policy to Tinian Dynasty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In September 2004, Wagon Xy Xiong}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 Wei Jin An, Wei Hong for herself and her minor child Wei Yong Tao, and Shun Li }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 (collectively \'93the Wagon litigants\'94
) filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands (the \'93district court suit\'94) against Tinian Dynasty seeking damages and other relief stemming from a series of alleged events during a trip to Tinian Dynasty}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 .}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445433\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9992466 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9445433 \chftn }{\insrsid9445433   \tab 
For purposes of this opinion, we use the facts alleged by the Wagon litigants in the district court suit.
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 Wei Jin An is Wagon\rquote s brother, Wei Hong is Wei Jin An\rquote s wife, Wei Yong Tao }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 is her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943  child, and Shun Li is Wagon\rquote s nephew.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 3\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 In the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445433\charrsid1470943 ir }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 complaint}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445433\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7091479\charrsid1470943 before}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445433\charrsid1470943  the district court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 the Wagon litigants}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027065\charrsid1470943 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12652244\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027065\charrsid1470943 who are residents of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 the People\rquote s Republic of China (\'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027065\charrsid1470943 PRC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 \'94)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8027065\charrsid1470943 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12652244\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 claimed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 they traveled to Tinian Dynasty to take a vacation in July 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 Wei Hong purch}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 
sed for herself, Wei Yong Tao, and Shun Li a tour package to Tinian Dynasty }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1006497\charrsid1470943 for $10,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14093523\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429410\charrsid1470943 per person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14093523\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9445433\charrsid1470943 in }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943 the PRC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3626713\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 
Wei Hong, Wei Yong Tao, and Shun Li flew to Saipan and then traveled by ferry to Tinian.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 
Wagon and Wei Jin An met them on Saipan and accompanied them on the ferry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 
hey were joined }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 on the flight and ferry }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 by Tommy Coe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 lho (
\'93Coelho\'94), a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943  Tinian Dynasty }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1203835\charrsid1470943 employee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 4\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943 Once the Wagon litigants arrived at Tinian Dynasty and checked into their rooms, they allege}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 that Wei Hong was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943  entitled to $30,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943 in gambling chips for }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943  payments to Tinian Dynasty in the PRC.}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15162954\charrsid1470943 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15358728 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid15162954\charrsid15358728 \chftn }{
\insrsid15162954\charrsid15358728  \tab The Wagon litigants also claim that they were required to pay \'93an extra fee per $1,000.00 in order to permit the transfer of money from the PRC to the Tinian Dynasty.\'94  }{\insrsid12595378 Appellant\rquote 
s Excerpts of Record (\'93}{\insrsid15162954\charrsid15358728 ER}{\insrsid12595378 \'94)}{\insrsid15162954\charrsid15358728  at 60.
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 At Wei Hong\rquote s direction, Wagon was given $30,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943  worth of chips}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 However,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 
 the funds were given as \'93special chips . . . [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15878543\charrsid1470943 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 ] differed in app}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947870\charrsid1470943 earance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943  from regular Tinian Dynasty house chips.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93ER\'94) at 60.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15163856\charrsid1470943 After
 playing blackjack, Wagon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 possessed $22,000 worth of regular chips, and \'93paid $1,694.00 in special}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15878543\charrsid1470943 
 chips to Tinian Dynasty . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 for airfare, food and lodging and miscellaneous costs for the package tours from PRC to Tinian Dynasty.\'94}{
\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15358728 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid15358728\charrsid15358728 \chftn }{\insrsid15358728\charrsid15358728  \tab The complaint also alleges that \'93[t]he entire time th}{\insrsid6968146 at Wagon and his brother played }{\insrsid15358728\charrsid15358728 blackjack,}{
\insrsid6968146  }{\insrsid15358728\charrsid15358728 . . . Coelho stood by their side.\'94  ER at 60.}{\insrsid15358728 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 When Wagon }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 and his brother }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 sought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  to redeem }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7091479\charrsid1470943 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  chips, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 they}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15358728\charrsid1470943 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 told they could not do so.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 They went to see the manager on duty who informed them that they could not cash the chips without }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 Coelho\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  permission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 Coelho told Wagon and Wei Jin An}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 that Tinian Dynasty would not redeem the chips and made various threats.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 
Wagon called a friend who was a United States citizen to come to Tinian and help with the situation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 Wagon and his family }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 took the matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  to the Tinian Police}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  and agents of the Tinian Gaming Commi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 sion, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 neither }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 resolve}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943  the issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 5\tab \tab When }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 Wagon and his family checked out }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 
of the Tinian Dynasty and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 went to the Tinian Airport}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 
Coehlo, accompanied by another Tinian Dynasty employee, followed them and again threatened them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659189\charrsid1470943 
Coehlo insisted that Wagon stay on Tinian and continue to gamble with the chips.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 After }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 Wagon flew }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 back to Saipan, two vans followed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 him}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943  from the Saipan Airport to the the Commonwealth Ports Authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  dock}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 The vans \'93hovered\'94 around the area.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 ER at 62.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 
Ultimately, the police spoke with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 one of the van}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943  driver}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 , who identified himself as a Tinian Dynasty employee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 Wagon dema
nded in writing that Tinian Dynasty return the $22,000 in chips.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 Tinian Dynasty stated it would only pay }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 the chips in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 the PRC}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 
Wagon and his family returned to China and told Tinian Dynasty they would be held responsible for any difficult}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943  they exper
ienced back in China}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 Tinian Dynasty later told Wagon by phone that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943  would give }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 Wagon }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 $30,000 for the $22,000 in chips if he brought the chips to Tinian Dynasty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 
Tinian Dynasty refused to confirm the offer despite being asked in writing three times to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 6\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 Following these events, the Wagon litigants filed }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943 district court suit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421358\charrsid1470943  claimed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15878543\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 Tinian Dynasty }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8276336\charrsid1470943 intentionally inflicted emotional distress and invaded their privacy and seclusion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The Wagon litigants also filed claims for breach of the Consumer Protection Act, for money had and received under statute,}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2112891 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9907823 \chftn }{\insrsid9907823 \tab A claim for \'93
[m]oney had and received is based on money, or its equivalent, which in \lquote equity and good conscience\rquote  should be returned to the claimant and is often styled as money that should be returned \lquote where }{\insrsid9907823\charrsid10370992 
one is unjustly enriched at another\rquote s expense.\rquote \'94  }{\i\insrsid9907823\charrsid10370992 Jelmodi Holding, Inc. v. Raymond James Fin. Servs.}{\insrsid9907823\charrsid10370992 , 470 F.3d 14, 17 n.2 (1st Cir. 2006) (quoting }{
\i\insrsid9907823\charrsid10370992 Rabinowitz v. People\rquote s Nat\rquote l Bank}{\insrsid9907823\charrsid10370992 , 126 N.E. 289, 290 (Mass. 1920)).
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  and conversion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Century Insurance defended Tinian Dynasty, but reserved the right to seek full reimbursement on the belief that neither policy cover}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  these costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Century Insurance also as
serted that the insurance policies did not cover any potential }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 judgments against them}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  in the district court suit.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In October 2005, the district court lawsuit was dismissed by stipulation and the parties included a provision that each shall be responsible 
for their own fees and costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab Thereafter, Century Insurance filed this matter in the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288131\charrsid1470943 trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  and, pursuant to 7 CMC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \'a7 2421 and Com. R. Civ. P. 57, asked the trial court to declare }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10370992\charrsid1470943 that}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 : (1) neither the public liability policy nor the umbrella policy provides coverage for claims in the district court suit, (2) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 the policies do not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15878543\charrsid1470943 provide }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 coverage for any liability or obligation Tinian Dynasty might owe to the Wagon litigants in the district court suit, (3) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 
the policies do not indemnify}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  Tinian Dynast
y against any verdicts against it from the district court suit, (4) Century Insurance must be reimbursed for the costs and fees of the district court suit, and (5) Century Insurance must be granted the costs of bringing this case in the trial court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Century Insurance moved for summary judgment and the trial court granted the same }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947870\charrsid1470943 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7808140\charrsid1470943  December }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2005.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 This appeal followed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 II}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \'b6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab We first address the issue of jurisdiction.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Tinian Dynasty contends that this Court lacks jurisdiction because}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15878543\charrsid1470943 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ) the trial cou
rt has not resolved all the claims against all parties in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ) the claims }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 that have been resolved }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 ve}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  not been certified as final pursuant to Rule 54(b) of the Commonwealth Rules of Civil Procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ) the summary judgment order was not accompa
nied by a separate entry of judgment as required by }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Commonwealth v. Kumagai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 2006 MP 20}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab The trial court\rquote s order reads in pertinent part:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13245625\charrsid1470943 
Judgment [is granted] . . . that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  neither the Public Liability Policy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13245625\charrsid1470943 . . .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  nor the Umbrella Policy . . . provide any insurance coverage to Dynasty in the District Court suit . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13245625\charrsid1470943 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2. [Century Insurance] has no obligation to defend Dynasty in the District Court suit 
. . . or to pay any judgment rendered therein, or to indemnify Dynasty against any sums for which Dynasty may be found liable in that suit, or t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309035\charrsid1470943 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 o [sic] pay any claims of any kind by reason of the incidents and events alleged in that suit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 3. [Century Insurance] . . . 
is entitled to recoup from Dynasty any defense costs incurred and fees paid in the District Court suit . . . subject to its valid reservation of rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 4. [Century Insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943 
 is entitled}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13245625\charrsid1470943  to]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  all reasonable costs of this suit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Century Ins. Co. v. Hong Kong Entm\rquote t (Overseas) Invs., Ltd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , Civ. No 05-0061 (NMI Super. Ct. Dec. 22, 2005) (Order
 Granting Plaintiff\rquote s Motion for Summary Judgment).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The order makes no reference to Rule 54(b).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 However, the only parties with any stake in the litigation before the trial court }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 we}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 re Century Insurance and Tinian Dynasty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Wagon litigants are not engaged in this litigation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 as}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  they only su}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602\charrsid1470943 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  Tinian Dynasty in the district court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Century Insurance\rquote s complaint }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13249187\charrsid1470943 and Tinian Dynasty\rquote s answer }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 do not mention any action taken by o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602\charrsid1470943 r against the Wagon litigants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Accordingly, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ll issues before the trial court have been resolved against Tinian Dynasty and Century Insurance}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 0\tab \tab With all issues resolved before the trial court, Com. R. Civ. P. 54(b) no longer applies in this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Com. R. Civ. P. 54(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943  reads:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 When more than one claim for relief is presented in an 
action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the court may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express deter
mination that there is no just reason for delay and upon an express determination of the entry of judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 
In the absence of such determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all the cl
aims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicating all th
e claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Com. R. Civ. P. 54(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 Under this rule, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 if the trial court has not ruled on all claims, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 
the trial court is required to certify the finality of a claim before that claim can be reviewed by this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 \'93
In the absence of express language, a lower court order is not appealable under Rule 54(b).\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 Bank of Guam v. Mendiola}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12936089\charrsid1470943 , 2007 MP 1 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 
However, as noted above, certification under Rule 54(b) is not necessary or applicable in this case as the trial court has ruled on all the claims at issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 We now}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947870\charrsid1470943  turn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  to the argument that we lack jurisdiction because of non-compliance }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947870\charrsid1470943 with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  the separate document rule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Commonwealth v. Kumagai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , we made clear that \'93
an appeal may only be taken from a judgment which is set forth on a separate document issued from the Superior Court.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2006 MP 20}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1463602\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The basis of having such a rule is to promote \'93
judicial economy and efficiency and so that parties and the courts are clear as to when a case is fully adjudicated below}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 .\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 Therefore, \'93}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 strict adherence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  to the separate document rule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 \'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380\charrsid1470943 will be enforced \'93}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 prospectively}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 .\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  
\'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 1, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 23 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8084888\charrsid1470943 emphasis added}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Here, the notice of appeal was filed on January 23, 2006 and our decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Kumagai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  was issued on September 
1, 2006, approximately seven months later.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 It would therefore be unreasonable to apply the separate judgment rule enunciated in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Kumagai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
We therefore find that we have jurisdiction in this matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9716380 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 III}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab Tinian Dynasty next argues that the trial court
 improperly granted summary judgment on the grounds that both the umbrella and public liability policies required Century Insurance to defend Tinian Dynasty against all claims filed by the Wagon litigants in the district court lawsuit.}{
\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15886664 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid9907823\charrsid15214334 \chftn }{\insrsid9907823\charrsid15214334  }{\insrsid12479139 \tab T}{\insrsid2320253\charrsid2320253 inian Dynasty did not appeal the portion of the trial court}{\insrsid9907823\charrsid13585102 \rquote }{
\insrsid2320253\charrsid2320253 s order requiring it to pay Century Insurance for the costs incurred in bringing this suit in the trial court.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab Summary judgment may be granted where \'93
there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Com. R. Civ. P. 56(c).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In making a summary judgment determination, the trial court is required to consider \'93the evidence and inferences
\'94 most favorable to the party opposing the motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Estate of Mendiola}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
, 2 NMI 233, 240 (1991) (citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 On appeal, this Court reviews the trial court\rquote s grant of summary judgment de novo.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Wabol v. Camacho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 4 NMI 388, 389 (1996) (citing }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Rios v. Marianas Pub. Land Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 3 NMI 512, 518 (1993)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Sablan v. Tenorio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 4 NMI 351, 355 (1996) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 King v. Board of Elections}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 2 NMI 398, 401 (1991)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In so doing, we \'93examine}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288131\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and affirm}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288131\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 [the trial court] if \lquote there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 [i]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 s no genuine issue of material fact . . . and the trial court correctly applied the substantive law.\rquote \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Wabol}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 4 NMI at 389 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Rios}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 3 NMI at 518).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 15\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11809876\charrsid1470943 \'93The . . . i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 nterpretation of language in an
 insurance policy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11809876\charrsid1470943 involves}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943  a question of law.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Ito v. Macro Energy, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , 4 NMI 46, 54 (1993) (citation omitted); }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Waller v. Truck Ins. Exch}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994592\charrsid1470943 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , 11 Cal. 4th 1, 18 (1995) (citing }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 AIU Ins. Co. v. Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , 51 Cal. 3d. 807, 818 (1990)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Where a lawsuit creates a situation where an insurer may need to indemnify against a claim, there is a duty for the insurer to defend the insured against the claim.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Montrose Chem. Corp. of Cal. v. Can. Universal Ins. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 
, 6 Cal. 4th 287, 295 (1993) (citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 The duty to defend ends only when the action is resolved \'93
or until it has been shown that there is }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943  potential for coverage.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943  (citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid75453\charrsid1470943 Accordingly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , if there is no possibility that the claims at issue are covered as a matte
r of law under the umbrella policy or the public liability policy, there is no duty for Century Insurance to defend Tinian Dynasty against the district court suit claims or to indemnify Tinian Dynasty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Marie Y. v. Gen}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994592\charrsid1470943 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943  Star Indem. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , 110 Cal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14361419\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 App. 4th 928, 955-56 (2003); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 Smith
 Kandal Real Estate v. Cont\rquote l Cas. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 , 67 Cal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14361419\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4282489\charrsid1470943 
App. 4th 406, 414 (1998).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab 
When determining if a duty to defend against a claim exists, the policy must be examined against the claims made in the complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Montrose
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 6 Cal. 4th at 295.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 This comparison is known as the \'93eight-corners rule.
\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Am. Nat\rquote l Gen. Ins. Co. v. Ryan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
, 274 F.3d 319, 324 (5th Cir. 2001)) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Nat\rquote l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Merchs. Fast Motor Lanes, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
, 939 S.W.2d 139, 141 (Tex. 1997); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Am. Ins. Co. v. Bailey}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 133 F.3d 363, 369 (5th Cir. 1998)).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Under \'93[t]he eight-corners rule, . . . \lquote 
[r]esort to evidence outside the four corners of these two documents is generally prohibited.\rquote \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Gore Design Completions, Ltd.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 538 F.3d at 368 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 GuideOne Elite Ins. Co. v. Fielder Rd. Baptist Church}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 197 S.W.3d 305, 307 (Tex. 2006)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 When evaluating a claim under }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 this}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  rule, this Court assesses \'93whether the complaint, properly construed, alleges conduct covered by the policy.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Compaq Computer Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
, 539 F.3d 809, 815 (8th Cir. 2008) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 GuideOne Elite Ins. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
, 197 S.W.3d at 308). The accuracy of the facts alleged in the claim is not taken into account in making this determination.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
GuideOne Elite Ins. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 197 S.W.3d at 308 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Argonaut Sw. Ins. Co. v. Maupin}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 500 S.W.2d 633, 635 (Tex. 1973); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Heyden Newport Chem. Corp. v. S. Gen. Ins. Co.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 387 S.W.2d 22, 24 (Tex. 1965)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
If there is no potential for coverage, there is no duty to defend or to indemnify.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Umbrella }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16207954\charrsid1470943 p}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 olicy}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 We begin our analysis of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 two }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 
policies by examining whether there is any potential for coverage under the umbrella policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The relevant }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 language of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  the umbrella policy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 states}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Century Insurance . . .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  shall indemnify }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 [Tinian Dynasty]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  for the Ult
imate New Loss in excess of the Retained Limit which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 [Tinian Dynasty]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
 shall become legally liable to pay compensation (excluding punitive or exemplary damages, fines and/or other penalties) by reason of liability arising out of:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 (a) Bodily Injury
\par (b) Property Damage, or
\par (c) Advertising Injury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
happening during the Period of Insurance within the Policy Territory and caused by an occurrence happening in connection with the Business of the Insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ER at 39.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The umbrella policy defines an occurrence as:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 an eve
nt or series of events, including continuous or repeated exposure to conditions, which results in Personal Injury or Property Damage neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the Insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 All such exposure to be substantially the same general conditions shall be deemed one occurrence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
With respect to Advertising Injury, all damages involving the same injurious material or act, regardless or the frequency or repetition thereof, the number and kind of media used and the number of claimants[,] sha
ll be deemed arising out of one occurrence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  at 41.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab 
Looking to the claims in the district court suit, the Wagon litigants argue in the intentional infliction of emotional distress claims that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Tinian Dynasty by and through Tommy Coelho and others 
did intend to cause shame, fear, embarrassment, humiliation, and anger to Wagon and his family members and to hold them unlawfully on Tinian, . . . Tinian Dynasty acted to protect its own financial interest at the expense of the Wagon Family and to avoid 
difficulty in its special arrangement with the CNMI for the issuance of CNMI visitor entry permits for PRC citizens.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The Defendant\rquote 
s behavior was outrageous, without just cause, and in reckless and wanton disregard of the interests of the Wagon Family Plaintiffs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  at 62-63.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Regarding the invasion of privacy and seclusion claims, the Wagon litigants allege the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
With the authority of Tinian Dynasty, Tommy Coelho threatened the Wagon family, attempted to force them to use funds for gambling, att
empted to confine them to Tinian against their will, and treated them as animals to be used for their money. . . . Tinian Dynasty invaded their seclusion and privacy and followed them to the Tinian Airport to harass them anew and then followed them on Sai
pan, again harassing and scaring them, . . . The Defendant\rquote s behavior was outrageous, without just cause, and in reckless and wanton disregard of the interest of the Wagon Family Plaintiffs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  at 63-64.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab In alleging intentional infliction of emotion
al distress and invasion of privacy and seclusion, the Wagon litigants claim that Tinian Dynasty behaved intentionally and/or recklessly in inflicting the alleged harms.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Intentional conduct occurs when an \'93actor desires to cause consequences of his act, or that he believes that the consequences are substantially certain to result from it.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Restatement (Second) of Torts \'a7 8 A (1965).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 With respect to recklessness, the Restatement states that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 [an] actor\rquote s conduct is in reckless disregard of the safety of a
nother if he does an act or intentionally fails to do an act which it is his duty to the other to do, knowing or having reason to know of facts which would lead a reasonable man to realize, not only that his conduct creates an unreasonable risk of physica
l harm to another, but also that such risk is substantially greater than that which is necessary to make his conduct negligent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  \'a7 500.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Furthermore, the Restatement directs that a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress can only be made where actions were done intentionally or recklessly.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  \'a7 46.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The Restatement specifically notes that such a claim can be made \'93
where [an] actor desires to inflict severe emotional distress, and also where he knows that such distress is certain or substantially certain, to result from his conduct.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  \'a7 46 cmt. i.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Similarly, the Restatement only provides for intentional conduct that impinges on the seclusion of another.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Restatement (Second) of Torts \'a7 652B (1977).}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12925487 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9907823\charrsid15539632 \chftn }{\insrsid9907823\charrsid15539632  \tab 
The Restatement states that such intentional invasion \'93upon the solitude or seclusion of another . . . [creates] liability . . . for invasion of privacy, if the intrusion would be highly offensive to a reasonable person.\'94
  Restatement (Second) of Torts \'a7 652B (1977).
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808105\charrsid1470943 The}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  umbrella policy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808105\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 only covers \'93
[a]n event or series of events, . . . which results in Personal Injury or Property Damage }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 neither expected nor intended}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
 from the standpoint of the Insured.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ER at 41 (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808105\charrsid1470943 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808105\charrsid1470943 Because the umbrella policy only covers unexpected and unintended e
vents, there is no coverage for claims involving intentional or reckless conduct, such as those made by the Wagon litigants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8808105 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 21\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In addition, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9327022\charrsid1470943 neither }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 intentional infliction of emotional distress nor invasion of privacy and seclusion involve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4737264\charrsid1470943 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  property damage or bodily injury, defined by the Restatement as \'93any physical impairment of the condition of another\rquote s body, or physical pain or illness.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Restatement }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016322\charrsid1470943 (Second) of Torts \'a7 15 (1965).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Furthermore, we note that insurance is based on the fortuity principle, which, as a general matter, \'93holds that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \lquote }{\cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 
 is not available for losses that the policyholder knows of, planned, intended, or is aware are substantially certain to occur.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Nat}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Stroh Cos.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 , 265 F.3d 97, 106 (2}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 d Cir. 2001) (quoting Barry R. Ostrager & Thomas R. Newman, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Handbook on }{
\cs23\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Insurance}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943  Coverage Disputes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943  \'a7
 8.02, at 248 (5th ed. 1991) (collecting cases)).}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8788949\charrsid1470943 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8788949 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 \chftn }{\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632  \tab We note that \'93[t]he application of the implied requirement of }{\cs23\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 
fortuity}{\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632  is \lquote universally recognized.\rquote \'94  }{\i\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 Univ. of Cincinnati v. Arkwright Mut. Ins. Co.}{\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 
, 51 F.3d 1277, 1281 (6th Cir. 1995) (quoting }{\i\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 Adams-Arapahoe Joint Sch. Dist. No. 28-}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\insrsid14958483 
HYPERLINK "http://www.lexis.com/research/buttonTFLink?_m=f880defdea22208f27b50f7b169f5564&_xfercite=%3ccite%20cc%3d%22USA%22%3e%3c%21%5bCDATA%5b51%20F.3d%201277%5d
%5d%3e%3c%2fcite%3e&_butType=3&_butStat=2&_butNum=43&_butInline=1&_butinfo=%3ccite%20cc%3d%22USA%22%3e%3c%21%5bCDATA%5b891%20F.2d%20772P%2c%20775%5d%5d%3e%3c%2fcite%3e&_fmtstr=FULL&docnum=3&_startdoc=1&wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkAA&_md5=3ca8b9d720ab18f7a74ab184773a2
06d"}}{\fldrslt {\cs24\i\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 J v. Continental Ins. Co.}{\cs24\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 , 891 F.2d 772, 775 (10th Cir. 1989)}}}{\insrsid8788949\charrsid15539632 ).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 The Wagon litigants allege events well within the control of Tinian Dynasty in both the intentional infliction of emotional distress and the invasion of privacy and seclusion claims}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680906\charrsid1470943  described above}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Thus, summary judgment was properly granted with respect to Century Insurance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 s coverage on these claims}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680906\charrsid1470943  because there was no property damage involved and because they allege actions }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994592\charrsid1470943 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680906\charrsid1470943  Century could not have taken unintentionally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab 
The conversion, money had under statute, and Consumer Protection Act claims also do not involve bodily injury or property damage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
The only potentially applicable portion of the umbrella policy to those claims is the advertising injury section.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
The umbrella policy defines advertising injury as:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 libel, slander or defamation,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}piracy, unfair competition, idea misappropriation under an implied contract,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}infringement of copyright, title or slogan
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}invasion of right of privacy
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
committed or alleged to have been committed during the Period of Insurance in any advertisement, publicity article, broadcast or telecast and arising out of any advertising activities conducted by or on behalf of the Insur
ed in the course of the Business of the Insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ER at 40.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  \tab \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016322\charrsid1470943 Under this language, there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 can be no question that the umbrella policy is only intended to cover claims stemm}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016322\charrsid1470943 ing from advertising disputes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
There is no allegation of any advertising issue within the conversion, money had under statute, and Consumer Protection Act claims}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016322\charrsid1470943  filed by the Wagon litigants}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715656\charrsid1470943 ER at 64-65.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 We note that Tinian Dynasty argues that the Consumer Protection Act claim should be covered because the act \'93encompasses unfair competition and defines the term to mean \lquote 
an unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business practice and unfair, untrue or misleading advertising and any activity prohibited in 4 CMC \'a7 5105.\rquote \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Appellant\rquote s Opening Br. at 13 (quoting 4 CMC \'a7 5104(h)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 However, th
is argument fails because the language of the policy specifically limits coverage to claims filed in an advertising context.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
The language of the policy is clear and does not cover any of the conversion, money had under statute, or Consumer Protection Act claims the Wagon litigants filed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Furthermore, these allegations also all go against the fortuity coverage principle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13715656\charrsid1470943 
 because they were all within the control of Tinian Dynasty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Accordingly, there is no coverage under the umbrella policy for these claims, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12479139\charrsid1470943 and summary judgment was properly granted on those claims as well.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Public }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16207954\charrsid1470943 l}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 iability }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16207954\charrsid1470943 p}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 olicy}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \'b6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 Having examined coverage under the umbrella policy, we }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8611646\charrsid1470943 now}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943  turn to the public liability policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15409886\charrsid1470943 The public liability policy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  reads, in relevant part:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 The c
ompany will, in consideration of the payment of premium and subject to the Declaration, provision and stipulations herein, together with such other provisions, stipulations and agreements as may be added hereto, indemnify the Insured against all sums whic
h the Insured shall become legally liable to pay in respect of:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12216703 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Accidental bodily injury to any person,
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Accidental loss of or accidental damage to property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ER at 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8602271\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab The Restatement notes that \'93
[i]n popular usage the word \lquote accident\rquote  is frequently used to include an event which is caused by the negligence or other tortuous conduct of the actor.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Restatement (Second) of Torts \'a7 8 cmt. a (1965).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In interpreting the term 
\'93accidental\'94 in the present case, we are required to use its \'93plain and ordinary meaning against the background of a layman\rquote s understanding of the entire policy.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Ito}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 4 NMI at 68.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Under the Commonwealth Code, \'93[a]n insurer is not liable for a loss caused by the willful act of the insured; but the insurer is not exonerated by the neglig
ence of the insured or of the insured\rquote s agents or others.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 4 CMC \'a7 7505(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Accordingly, the term \'93accidental\'94 does not include intentional acts within the insurance context of the Commonwealth }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907847\charrsid1470943 C}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 ode.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 This interpretation of accidental has also been used 
in other jurisdictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Royal Globe Ins. Co. v. Whittaker}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 181 Cal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14361419\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 App. 3d 532, 537 (1986); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Superior Court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 , 161 Cal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14361419\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 App. 3d 1199, 1202 (1984).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 In addition, the fortuity principle again directs that actions such as these should not be covered}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016322\charrsid1470943  because it also holds that insurance does not cover intentional acts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 Therefore, after comparing the policy with the complaint, it is clear that neither the intentional infliction of emotional distress }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192589\charrsid1470943 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192589\charrsid1470943 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 invasion of privacy and seclusion claims are covered because the claims alleged willful acts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994592\charrsid1470943 that}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476184\charrsid1470943  are not covered by the public liability policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 
In addition, neither claim involves bodily injury or the loss of or damage to property, accidental or otherwise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4476184\charrsid1470943 , which constitute the scope of the public liability policy\rquote s coverage}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2320253\charrsid1470943 
Accordingly, the trial court correctly granted summary judgment declaring that there is no coverage under the public liability policy with regard to the intentional infliction of emotional distress and invasion of privacy and seclusion claims.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab \tab Finally,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1527610\charrsid1470943  as we did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332435\charrsid1470943 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1527610\charrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9462593\charrsid1470943 the umbrella policy, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 we consider }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332435\charrsid1470943 
whether the public liability policy provides coverage for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 the Consumer Protection Act, money had and received under statute, and conversion claims.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6708869\charrsid1470943 As we noted previously, none }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
of these claims involve bodily injury, and none involve the loss of or damage to property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Because the public liability policy only covers instances of bodily injury or the loss of or damage to property, we hold that the public liability policy does not provide coverage for these claims.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Furthermore, the alleged events giving rise to these claims were not accidental, and are not covered by the public liability policy for that reason as well.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 Summary judgment was correctly granted by the trial court regarding these claims under the public liability policy.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 IV}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11101962\charrsid1470943 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Because the trial court adjudicated all the claims below and because }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943 Kumagai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4937389\charrsid1470943  was not in effect at the time this appeal was filed, we find that we have jurisdiction in this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11018745\charrsid1470943 In addition, because neither the umbrella policy no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968146\charrsid1470943 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11018745\charrsid1470943  the public liability policy provide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192589\charrsid1470943 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11018745\charrsid1470943 
 coverage for any of the claims alleged by the Wagon litigants in the district court suit, we }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 hold that the trial court correctly granted summary judgment}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11018745\charrsid1470943  on all of Century Insurance\rquote s claims for declaratory judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1470943  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 
Accordingly, the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994592\charrsid1470943 trial court\rquote s decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  is AFFIRMED.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12216703\charrsid1470943 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12216703 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 SO ORDERED this }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6708869\charrsid1470943 1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12192589\charrsid1470943 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6708869\charrsid1470943 th }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13001424\charrsid1470943 day }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943 of }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992466\charrsid1470943 MAY}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid1470943  2009.
\par 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820642\charrsid1470943 Concurring:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13245625\charrsid1470943 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820642\charrsid12216703 Demapan, C.J., Castro, J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9907823\charrsid12216703 
\par }}