{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f12\fnil\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}Batang{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}{\f37\fnil\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Batang;}{\f38\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f39\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f41\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f42\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f43\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f44\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f45\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f46\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f58\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f59\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f61\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f62\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f63\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}
{\f64\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f65\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f66\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \styrsid6052345 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
\ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \fi360\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \styrsid6052345 Body Text Indent 3;}{\s16\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext16 \styrsid6052345 Body Text;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \ssemihidden \styrsid6052345 footnote text;}{\*\cs18 
\additive \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \styrsid6052345 footnote reference;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid378837572\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\jclisttab\tx0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693
\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers
;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880
\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23
\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listname ;}\listid606961529}{\list\listtemplateid-1429708108\listhybrid
{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-631760284\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\cf0\fbias0 \fi-360\jclisttab\tx0 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693
\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers
;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040
\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }
{\listname ;}\listid1162237485}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1162237485\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid606961529\listoverridecount0\ls2}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid712\rsid221545\rsid360412\rsid722312\rsid794426\rsid804602\rsid852754
\rsid993633\rsid1137382\rsid1140408\rsid1179862\rsid1206321\rsid1273310\rsid1276148\rsid1401967\rsid1406490\rsid1605597\rsid1725849\rsid1800705\rsid1976920\rsid2097196\rsid2173663\rsid2501011\rsid2691115\rsid2694767\rsid2762170\rsid2914848\rsid3029361
\rsid3096717\rsid3097225\rsid3160714\rsid3562301\rsid3692256\rsid3821413\rsid3823873\rsid4201350\rsid4263343\rsid4344886\rsid4726450\rsid4814223\rsid5120676\rsid5186423\rsid5206133\rsid5330881\rsid5402685\rsid5860213\rsid6052345\rsid6178925\rsid6310232
\rsid6364555\rsid6512547\rsid6559513\rsid6646967\rsid6714602\rsid6962031\rsid6965837\rsid6965930\rsid7291221\rsid7340271\rsid7348573\rsid7429947\rsid7436949\rsid7496032\rsid7548694\rsid7613194\rsid7688588\rsid7894048\rsid8025254\rsid8067564\rsid8261151
\rsid8522696\rsid8526345\rsid8862301\rsid9054197\rsid9205118\rsid9271891\rsid9333503\rsid9334501\rsid9338045\rsid9392409\rsid9451930\rsid9919908\rsid9970922\rsid9987623\rsid10096532\rsid10321185\rsid10361044\rsid10565722\rsid10629884\rsid10691083
\rsid10699598\rsid10880148\rsid11019583\rsid11276610\rsid11356601\rsid11403879\rsid11614646\rsid11697172\rsid11935738\rsid12020034\rsid12145136\rsid12151102\rsid12217686\rsid12283377\rsid12352367\rsid12398386\rsid12413161\rsid12746122\rsid12781128
\rsid12809373\rsid13115680\rsid13199298\rsid13267767\rsid13449113\rsid13521472\rsid13582467\rsid13584979\rsid13776144\rsid13849017\rsid14696250\rsid14818722\rsid14829419\rsid14897313\rsid15077688\rsid15160490\rsid15170512\rsid15276233\rsid15337580
\rsid15417967\rsid15480688\rsid15672670\rsid15742471\rsid15752378\rsid15753151\rsid15934587\rsid16004616\rsid16268333\rsid16391744}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info
{\title Notice: This slip opinion has not been certified by the Clerk of the Supreme Court for publication in the permanent law reports}{\author Eric}{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2009\mo8\dy12\hr15\min52}{\revtim\yr2009\mo8\dy13\hr8\min25}
{\printim\yr2009\mo8\dy6\hr13\min47}{\version5}{\edmins11}{\nofpages10}{\nofwords4055}{\nofchars23115}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws27116}{\vern24689}}
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1800\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1
\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\viewnobound1\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel
\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot6052345\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9987623 \chftnsep 

\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9987623 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9987623 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9987623 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}
{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Notice: This slip opinion has not been certified by the Clerk of the Supreme Court for publication in the permanent law reports.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Until certified, it is subject to revision or withdrawal.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
In any event of discrepancies between this slip opinion and the opinion certified for publication, the certified opinion controls.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Readers are requested to bring errors to the attention of the Clerk of the Supreme Court, PO Box 502165 Saipan, MP 96950, phone (670) 236-9715, fax (670) 236-9702, e-mail SupremeCourtClerk@justice.gov.mp}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11019583 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 IN THE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11019583  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 SUPREME COURT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11019583  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 OF THE
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 HARRIS ISMAELA TAIVERO,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Defendant-Appellant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 SUPREME COURT NO. CR-06-0037-GA
\par SUPERIOR COURT NO. 00-0271-CR
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 SLIP OPINION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115680\charrsid9987623 Cite as: 2009 MP 10}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Decided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 August}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097225\charrsid9987623  7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 2009
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par Robert T. Torres, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, for Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Melissa Simms and Kevin A. Lynch, Assistant Attorneys General, Commonwealth Attorney General\rquote s Office, for Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 BEFORE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 MIGUEL S. DEMAPAN, CHIEF JUSTICE; ALEXANDRO C. CASTRO}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , Associate Justice; John A. Manglona, Associate Justice
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 MANGLONA, J.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \'b6 1\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Defendant Harris Ismaela Taivero (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Taivero}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ) appeals the trial court\rquote s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 denial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 of his motion to withd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097225\charrsid9987623 raw his guilty plea, arguing }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6962031\charrsid9987623 (1) he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 received ineffective assistance of counsel}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6962031\charrsid9987623 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6962031\charrsid9987623 (2) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097225\charrsid9987623 his guilty plea c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8067564\charrsid9987623 onstituted a manifest injustice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 We hold that trial counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 \rquote 
s representation did not fall below an objective standard of reasonableness as he was not required to advise Taivero of the immigration consequences of his guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 We further hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Taivero\rquote s motion to withdraw his guilty plea because an alien defendant\rquote 
s lack of knowledge regarding the immigration consequences of a plea does not constitute a manifest injustice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Accordingly, the trial court
\rquote s decision is AFFIRMED.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 I
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15753151\charrsid9987623 Taivero}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  is a citizen of New Zealand residing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  Saipan.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 He}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 lawfully entered Saipan in 1996 and began working as an entertainer in a Polynesian dance group.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In 1998, T
aivero married Veronica Acosta Taivero (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Veronica Taivero}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ), who is a United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623  citizen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Taivero }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 then }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 received Immediate Relative (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 IR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ) status und}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 er Commonwealth immigration law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Taivero\rquote s IR status was revoked, however, when he and his wife divorced in December 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In May 2000, the Commonwealth charged Taivero with rape}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 .}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9970922 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab 
The Commonwealth initially charged Taivero with rape in violation of 6 CMC \'a7 1301(a), which defined rape as \'93an }{\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623\charrsid14897313 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
act of sexual intercourse with a person\~not the spouse of the perpetrator . . . where it is accomplished against a person}{\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623\charrsid14897313 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s\~will by means of force or fear of immediate and unlawful injury on the person\~}{\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or upon another}{\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623\charrsid14897313 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 
  In 2002, PL 12-82 repealed and r\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 \hich\f0 eplaced 6 CMC \'a7\'a7\loch\f0  1301-1311.  }{\insrsid9987623 The Commonwealth also charged Taivero with sexual abuse of a minor, in violation of 6 CMC \'a7
 1311(a), which was subsequently repealed and replaced by PL 12-82.  However, in November 2000, the charge was dismissed after the Commonwealth determined that the complaining witness was not a minor at the time of the alleged sexual abuse.}{
\lang1033\langfe1042\dbch\af12\langfenp1042\insrsid9987623\charrsid9970922 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Assistant Public Defender Jeffrey Moots (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 trial counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ) was assigned as counsel to represent Taivero, who }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15752378\charrsid9987623 pled not guilty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  and maintained that the sexual contact with the complaining witness was consensual.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Several days before trial, trial counsel realized his license to practice law had expired. Consequently,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623  the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  trial court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 
rescheduled the trial so that trial counsel }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 could reinstate his law license.}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13449113 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab 
Trial counsel was admitted to practice law pursuant to Com. R. Admiss. II(5)(J), which allows attorneys to work for the Commonwealth government for up to four years without taking the Commonwealth bar examination, provided they are admitted to practice
 law in another United States jurisdiction.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 During the period between the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 originally }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 scheduled trial and the rescheduled trial, the Commonwealth charged Taivero\rquote s uncle,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623  Mii Tekopua}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , with obstruction of justice after he purportedly contacted the complaining witness in violation of a court order.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 In October}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  2001, Taivero entered into an Alford plea agreement}{
\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6052345 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab \'93An Alford plea . . . is a guilty plea accompanied by a protestation of innocence.\'94  }{\i\insrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Cabrera}{\insrsid9987623 , 2 NMI 311, 316 (1991) (citing }{
\i\insrsid9987623 North Carolina v. Alford}{\insrsid9987623 , 400 U.S. 25, 38 (1970)). 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  with the Commonwealth, whereby he agreed to plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 guilty to one count of rape }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 in exchange for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Commonwealth }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 agreeing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  to drop all charges against }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 Tekupua}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 The plea agreement contained the standard recita
tions and waivers required by Rule 11 of the Commonwealth Rules of Criminal Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
It also contained additional language stating that trial counsel advised Taivero of the nature, content, and legal consequences of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
The plea agreement was silent as to whether trial counsel advised Taivero of the immigration consequences of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Shortly before Taivero accepted the plea agreement, his trial counsel spoke with Veronica Taivero.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 During their conversation, trial c
ounsel did not specifically mention the immigration consequences associated with Taivero\rquote s plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
However, he did tell Veronica Taivero that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186423\charrsid9987623 [b]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 efore you know it, [Taivero
\rquote s] home.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Then you guys can start your lives together again.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ) at 31.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \'b6 6\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In December 2001, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15752378\charrsid9987623 Taivero was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  sentenced to three years imprisonment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391744\charrsid9987623  in accordance with the plea agreement}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6052345 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab 
On December 21, 2001, the Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss the obstruction of justice charges levied against Tekopua.
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 During his incarceration, he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 remarried}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  Veronica Taivero.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Following Taivero\rquote 
s release from prison in January 2005, the Commonwealth Department of Immigration denied Taivero\rquote s application for IR status }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 because of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 is rape conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 he Commonwealth }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9970922\charrsid9987623 also }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 itiated deportation proceedings based on Taivero\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 felony conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
As a result of his impending deportation, Taivero, citing ineffective assistance of counsel, sought to vacate his rape conviction by filing a writ of error }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 coram nobis}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Alte
rnatively, Taivero sought to withdraw his guilty plea under Rule 32(d) of the Commonwealth Rules of Criminal Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 He}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  claimed his trial counsel failed to inform him of the immigration consequences associated with his plea agreement and, in some instances, misrepresented the immigration consequen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 ces of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449113\charrsid9987623 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 he trial court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1976920\charrsid9987623 denied Taivero\rquote s petition for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 writ, and}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1976920\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 his motion to withdraw his guilty plea.}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1406490\charrsid9987623 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1406490 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab 
On appeal, the appellee failed to file a response brief.  Our legal system is an adversarial on
e; the path to justice is traversed through competing factual allegations and legal arguments.  We rely on these competing arguments in our administration of justice.  However, the difficulty of our task and the opportunity for error is heightened when we
 are forced to decide an appeal without appellate briefs from all relevant parties.  Moreover, we are particularly concerned that the failure to file response briefs has recently become an endemic problem with the Office of the Attorney General.  }{
\i\insrsid9987623 See, e.g.}{\insrsid9987623 , }{\i\insrsid9987623 In re Roy}{\insrsid9987623 , 2007 MP 28; }{\i\insrsid9987623 Guerrero v. Dept. of Public Lands}{\insrsid9987623 , 07-SCC-0025-CIV; }{\i\insrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Pua}{\insrsid9987623 
, CR-06-0045-GA.  Consequently, we do not foreclose the possibility of sanctioning attorneys in the future who consistently fail to \'93act with reasonable diligence and promptness in representing a client.\'94  Model Rules of Prof\rquote 
l Conduct R. 1.13 (1983).
\par \tab Additionally, Taivero\rquote s counsel on appeal did not comply with Rule 28(p) of the Commonwealth Rules of Appellate Procedure.  Rule 28(p) states that \'93[e]ach party sha
ll identify in a statement on the last page of its initial brief any known related case pending in this Court.\'94  Taivero\rquote s counsel also served as counsel in }{\i\insrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Shimabukuro}{\insrsid9987623 
, 2008 MP 10, which addresses nearly identical issues as the present case.  However, in submitting his appellate brief, Taivero\rquote s counsel certified that he was \'93unaware of any related cases pending before this Court,\'94 despite the fact that }{
\i\insrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\insrsid9987623  was then pending.}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid804602 
\par }{\insrsid9987623  }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6364555 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 II
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \'b6 7\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391744\charrsid9987623 Taivero claims his trial counsel\rquote s representation amo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15752378\charrsid9987623 
unted to ineffective assistance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16391744\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 H}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 e argues that trial counsel failed to accurately advise him of the Commonwealth immigration consequences associated with his guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 He claims that he would not have agreed to the plea agreement had he been advised of his potential deportation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 Consequently, Taivero asserts that his trial counsel\rquote s representations fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and prejudiced }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3823873\charrsid9987623 him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12020034\charrsid9987623 A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is reviewed de novo.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Commonwealth v. Diaz}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 2003 MP 14 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution}{
\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6052345 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution is applicable in the Commonwealth via the Covenant.  }{\insrsid9987623\charrsid12283377 Covenant to Esta
blish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America}{\insrsid9987623 , 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1801 note, }{\i\insrsid9987623 reprinted in}{\insrsid9987623  CMC at 1xxxi, \'a7 501(a); }{
\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid3823873 see, e.g.}{\insrsid9987623 , }{\i\insrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Perez}{\insrsid9987623 , 2006 MP 24 \'b6 11 (stating that the \'93Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution applies in the Commonwealth\'94).}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  states that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to . . . have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
U.S. Const. amend. VI.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 However, assistance of counsel does not have to be perfect}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 or free from error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 McMann v. Richardson}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 397 U.S. 759, 774 (1970).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Rather, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 the right to counsel is the right to the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 effective}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  assistance of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 771 n.14 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Conversely, ineffective ass
istance of counsel occurs when a trial counsel\rquote s performance falls below that of a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 reasonably competent attorney.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 770-71.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
The United States Supreme Court elaborated on the meaning and scope of effective assistance of counsel in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Strickland v. Washington}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 466 U.S. 668 (1984).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 The Court determined that the purpose of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel is to ensure a fair trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 684-85 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 The Sixth Amendment recognizes the right to the assistance of counsel because it envisions counsel\rquote s p
laying a role that is critical to the ability of the adversarial system to produce just results.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186423\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Based on this purpose, the Court stated that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 [t]he benchmark for judging any claim of ineffectiveness must be whether counsel\rquote s conduct so undermined the p
roper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 686.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In determining w
hether a criminal defendant has been deprived of effective assistance of counsel, the Court adopted a two-pronged test.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 687.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 First, the defendant must }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 show that the counsel\rquote s }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 performance}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  was deficient.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Second, the defendant must }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 show that the deficient performance }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 prejudiced}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  the defense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Under the first prong, or the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 performance prong,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 a defendant must show that the defense counsel\rquote s performance }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 fell below an objective standard of reasonableness.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 688.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In determining whether a defense counsel\rquote s advice is reasonable, a court must determine whether it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 McMann}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 397 U.S. at 770-71).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Furthermore, the reasonableness of counsel\rquote s conduct must be assessed according to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 the facts of the particular case, viewed as of the time of counsel\rquote s conduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 690.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Under the second prong, or the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 prejudice prong,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  the defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\rquote s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 694.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Therefore, the defendant must show with reasonable probability that the attorney\rquote s error caused the defendant to lose the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 695.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 In 1985, the United States Supreme Court held that }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 two-part test applies to challenges arising from the plea process.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Hill v. Lockhart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 , 474 U.S. 52, 58 (1985).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 When a defendant challenges a guilty plea based on ineffectiv
e assistance of counsel, the defendant essentially alleges that the plea was involuntary due to counsel\rquote s deficient performance and its subsequent effects on the plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 See id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 . at 56.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 However,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623  the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Hill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623  Court slightly modified }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623  prejudice prong in claims arising out of the plea process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 58-59.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Under }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 Hill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4814223\charrsid9987623 , to satisfy the prejudice prong, the defendant must show that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\rquote s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . at 59.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 Thus, the Court found that guilty pleas can be considered involuntary due to ineffective assistance of counsel when counsel\rquote s advice falls outside }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal cases,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623  at 56 (quoting }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 McMann v. Richardson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 , 397 U.S. 759, 771 (1990)), and when counsel\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 constitutionally ineffective performance affects the outcome of the plea process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9205118\charrsid9987623  at 59.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 In 2008, this Court adopted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623 the two-pronged tests set for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 th}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623  in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 Strickland}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623  and }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623 Hill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 in ana
lyzing a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Shimabukuro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 , 2008 MP 10 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623  11}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6965930\charrsid9987623 -12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In the present case, Taivero argues that trial counsel\rquote 
s representation amounted to ineffective assistance because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3823873\charrsid9987623 trial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 counsel }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 never informed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  guilty plea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3823873\charrsid9987623 might}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  result in deportation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Under Commonwealth immigration law, an alien defendant convicted of a felony is subject to deportation proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 3 CMC \'a7 4340(d).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In applying }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  two-pronged test, we must determine whether the performance of Taivero\rquote s trial counsel was deficient, and, if so, whether the deficient performance prejudiced him.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 To determine whether trial counsel\rquote 
s performance was deficient, we must first establish whether trial counsel was required to inform Taivero of the potential immigration consequences of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268333\charrsid9987623 his}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 his Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 has previously }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
held that a trial judge has no duty to inform alien defendants of the potential immigration consequences of their guilty pleas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Commonwealth v. Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 , 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  MP}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623  14}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  \'b6 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
, we determined that under the Due Process Clauses of the United States and Commonwealth Constitutions, a trial judge must apprise criminal defendants of the direct consequences of their guilty pleas, but need not inform them of the collatera
l consequences of their pleas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5206133\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5206133\charrsid9987623 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  \'b6 5; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 see also Commonwealth v. Jindawong}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 2008 MP 3 \'b6
 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Direct consequences have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 a definite, immediate and largely automatic effect on the range of the defendant\rquote s punishment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Conversely, collateral consequences are not automatic, but are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
contingent on action taken by an individual or individuals other than the sentencing court . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 United States v. Kihuyama}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
, 109 F.3d 536, 537 (9th Cir. 1997)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , we held that deportation is a collateral consequence of a criminal conviction based on two crucial determinations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 First, the decision to initiate deportation proceedings against an alien defendant in the Commonwealth is not left to the sentencing court, but to the Attorney General\rquote s Office.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 14.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Second, deportation is a civil matter, wholly separate from a criminal proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Therefore, this Court concluded that a trial judge need not inform criminal defendants of the potential immigration consequences of their guilty pleas.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 14}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 W}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  took our }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  decision one step further in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 and held that trial counsel, like a trial judge, has no duty to inform a criminal defendant of the potential federal immigration consequences of his or her guilty plea because deportation is a collateral consequence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 , 2008 MP 10.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , an alien defendant pled guilty to illegal possession of a controlled substance, which subjected her to removal procee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 
dings pursuant to federal law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 4.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 After discovering that she might be deported, the defendant sought to vacate her conviction by filling a writ of error }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 coram nobis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 Alternatively, the defendant sought to withdraw her guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 The trial court denied her petition for a writ o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623  error }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 coram nobis}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 , as well as her motion to withdraw her guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7688588\charrsid9987623 In affirming the trial court\rquote s decision, we }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 reiterated that deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 
Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 . \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 We therefore held that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 defense counsel has no duty to inform defendants of the collateral consequences of their guilty pleas.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 Moreover, we stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 
failure to advise a defendant of a collateral penalty is not objectively unreasonable under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 
 performance prong and therefore does not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13582467\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 O}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14818722\charrsid9987623 ur decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14818722\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14818722\charrsid9987623  is consistent with }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 the majority }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614646\charrsid9987623 of other jurisdictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344886\charrsid9987623 Every}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11614646\charrsid9987623  United States Court of Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344886\charrsid9987623 
that has considered the issue has held that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894048\charrsid9987623 trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 
 counsel has no duty to inform criminal defendants of the potential immigration consequences of their guilty pleas because deportation is a collateral consequence.}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10361044 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab }{
\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 See}{\i\insrsid9987623 , e.g.}{\insrsid9987623 , }{\i\insrsid9987623 Broomes v. Ashcroft}{\insrsid9987623 , 358 F.3d 1251, 1256-67 (10th Cir. 2004); }{\i\insrsid9987623 El-Nobani v. United States}{\insrsid9987623 
, 287 F.3d 417, 421 (6th Cir. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623 United States v. Amador-Leal}{\insrsid9987623 , 276 F.3d 511, 514-17 (9th Cir. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 United States v. Gonzalez}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid9334501 , 202 F.3d 20, 25
}{\insrsid9987623 -27}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid9334501  (1st Cir. 2000)}{\insrsid9987623 ; }{\i\insrsid9987623 United States v. Banda}{\insrsid9987623 , 1 F.3d 354, 355-56 (5th Cir. 1993); }{\i\insrsid9987623 United States v. Del Rosario}{\insrsid9987623 
, 902 F.2d 55, 59 (D.C. Cir. 1990); }{\i\insrsid9987623 United States v. George}{\insrsid9987623 , 869 F.2d 333, 336-38 (7th Cir. 1989); }{\i\insrsid9987623 United States v. Yearwood}{\insrsid9987623 , 863 F.2d 6, 7-8 (4th Cir. 1988); }{
\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 United States v. Campbell}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 , 778 F.2d 764, 768 (11th Cir. 1985)}{\insrsid9987623 ; }{\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 United States v. Santelises}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid9334501 
, 509 F.2d 703, 704 (2d Cir. 1975)}{\insrsid9987623  (per curiam) (all holding that deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea and, therefore, counsel\rquote 
s failure to advise is not a basis for an ineffective assistance of counsel claim).  The Third and Eighth Circuits have not addressed whether failure to advise of deportation conseq
uences constitutes an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, but have held that deportation is considered a collateral consequence.  }{\i\insrsid9987623 See United States v. Nino}{\insrsid9987623 , 878 F.2d 101, 105 (3d Cir. 1989) (declining to decide 
\'93whether counsel\rquote s failure to advise a client about the deportation consequences of a guilty plea can constitute deficient representation absent special circumstances\'94); }{\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 United States v. Romero-Vilca}{
\insrsid9987623\charrsid9333503 , 850 F.2d 177, 179 (3d Cir. 1988) (\'93[W]e hold that potential deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea.\'94)}{\insrsid9987623 ;}{\insrsid9987623\charrsid9334501  }{\i\insrsid9987623 
Kandiel v. United States}{\insrsid9987623 , 964 F.2d 794, 796 (8th Cir. 1992) (\'93[D]eportation proceedings are merely a collateral consequence of a conviction.\'94).
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 Because deportation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623  imposed by a court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4726450\charrsid9987623  other than the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178925\charrsid9987623 convicting}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4726450\charrsid9987623  court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 deportation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 remains beyond the control and responsibility of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 court in which that conviction was entered,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623  and is therefore considered collateral.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 Broomes v. Ashcroft}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 , 358 F.3d 1251, 1256 (10th Cir. 2004) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 United States v. Gonzalez}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 , 202 F.3d 20, 27 (1st Cir. 2000)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8522696\charrsid9987623 
Thus, federal courts have held that it is not ineffective assistance of counsel to fail to advise a non-citizen criminal defendant of possible deportation consequences stemming from a guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178925\charrsid9987623 Likewise, a wide-variety of state courts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15077688\charrsid9987623 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894048\charrsid9987623 
hold that there is no duty to advise non-citizen criminal defendants of possible immigration consequences }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894048\charrsid9987623 
 a guilty plea because those consequences are collateral.}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7894048\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7348573 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab }{\i\insrsid9987623 Major v. State}{\insrsid9987623 , 511 So.2d 424, 427 (Fla. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Montalban}{
\insrsid9987623 , 810 So.2d 1106, 1110 (La. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Zarate}{\insrsid9987623 , 651 N.W.2d 215, 223 (Neb. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Muriithi}{\insrsid9987623 , 46 P.3d 1145, 1152 (Kan. 2002); }{\i\insrsid9987623 
State v. Ramirez}{\insrsid9987623 , 636 N.W.2d 740, 746 (Iowa 2001); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Martinez-Lazo}{\insrsid9987623 , 999 P.2d 1275, 1279 (Wash. Ct. App. 2000); }{\i\insrsid9987623 People v. Davidovich}{\insrsid9987623 
, 606 N.W.2d 387, 390 (Mich. Ct. App. 1999); }{\i\insrsid9987623 People v. Ford}{\insrsid9987623 , 657 N.E.2d 265, 268 (N.Y. 1995); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Rosas}{\insrsid9987623 , 904 P.2d 1245, 1247 (Ala. Crim. App. 1989); }{\i\insrsid9987623 
State v. Dalman}{\insrsid9987623 , 520 N.W.2d 860, 863-64 (N.D. 1994); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Figueroa}{\insrsid9987623 , 639 A.2d 495, 499 (R.I. 1994); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. McFadden}{\insrsid9987623 
, 884 P.2d 1303, 1305 (Utah Ct. App. 1994); }{\i\insrsid9987623 Matos v. United States}{\insrsid9987623 , 631 A.2d 28, 31-32 (D.C. 1993); }{\i\insrsid9987623 People v. Huante}{\insrsid9987623 , 571 N.E.2d 736, 740-41 (Ill. 1991); }{\i\insrsid9987623 
Commonwealth v. Frometa}{\insrsid9987623 , 555 A.2d 92, 93 (Pa. 1989); }{\i\insrsid9987623 Oyekoya v. State}{\insrsid9987623 , 558 So.2d 990, 990-91 (Ala. Crim. App. 1989); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Santos}{\insrsid9987623 
, 401 N.W.2d 856, 858 (Wis. Ct. App. 1987); }{\i\insrsid9987623 State v. Chung}{\insrsid9987623 , 510 A.2d 72, 76-77 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 1986); }{\i\insrsid9987623 Tafoya v. State}{\insrsid9987623 , 500 P.2d 247, 251-52 (Alaska 1972).}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
The rationale for denying relief for ineffective assistance claims based on the collateral consequences doctrine is multifaceted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623  and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9451930\charrsid9987623 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623 , in part, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9451930\charrsid9987623 set forth}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623  in both }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623 Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623  and }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3160714\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9451930\charrsid9987623 However, apart from the justifications discussed in prior case law, we, like other courts, are concerned with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
undermining the finality of criminal convictions and overburdening criminal defense attorneys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
First, allowing non-citizen criminal defendants to challenge guilty pleas based on the collateral consequence of deportation will }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
open[] the door to innumerable challenges to pleas based on the defendant\rquote s ignorance of other serious collateral consequences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
People v. Pozo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 , 746 P.2d 523, 532 (Colo. 1987) (Erickson, J., dissenting).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 Allowing such challenges creates an unnecessary }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
inroad on the concept of finality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623  that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 undermines confidence in the integrity of [criminal] procedures.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 
United States v. Timmreck}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083\charrsid9987623 , 441 U.S. 780, 784 (1978) (denying a defendant\rquote s habeas corpus petition that alleged that his guilty plea was involu
ntary because he was unaware of the mandatory parole term that would result from his conviction).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12413161\charrsid9987623 For example, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 if guilty pleas can be challenged on the basis of deportation consequences, then challenges based on other collateral consequences}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid360412\charrsid9987623  \endash }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623  such as the suspension of a driver\rquote s license, }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 see, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 Moore v. Hinton}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , 513 F.2d 781, 782 (5th Cir. 1975), the deprivation of the right to vote and to travel abroad, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 see, e.g.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 Meaton v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 
, 328 F.2d 379, 380 (5th Cir. 1964), the loss of civil service jobs and other employment, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 see, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 United States v. Crowley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 
, 529 F.2d 1066, 1072 (3d Cir. 1976), and the possibility of undesirable discharge from the armed forces, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 see, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 Redwine v. Zuckert}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , 317 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid360412\charrsid9987623 F.2d 336, 338 (D.C. Cir. 1963) 
\endash  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694767\charrsid9987623 will}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid360412\charrsid9987623 likely result.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10691083 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 Additionally, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid360412\charrsid9987623 creating a d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 uty to advise non-citizen criminal defendants of possible immigration consequences }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 would}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694767\charrsid9987623  overburden both attorneys and the r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 eviewing court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid360412\charrsid9987623 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 
This is particularly true when considering the fact that immigration law is complex and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 
represents a body of knowledge to which some attorneys devote their full time and attention.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 See Pozo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , 746 P.2d }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5206133\charrsid9987623 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623  533 (Erickson, J., dissenting).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 Moreover, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2694767\charrsid9987623 an ordinary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623  level of competency by an attorney cannot require anticipation of all possible collateral consequences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 [C]ounsel can hardly conceive all possible collateral consequences of a guilty plea and need not be a crystal gazer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 See Mott v. State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6714602\charrsid9987623 , 407 N.W.2d 581, 584 (Iowa 1987).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623 
Requiring defense counsel to advise non-citizen criminal defendants of possible immigration consequences of guilty pleas would be especially burdensome for public defenders who often have large caseloads and little time to devote to individual clients.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623 
Furthermore, imposing such a duty would place an onerous burden on trial courts in reviewing whether an attorney reasonably investigated relevant immigration law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623 Pozo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623 , 746 P.2d at 533 (Erickson, J., dissenting).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344886 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 \'b6 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 8\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 In light of our decisions in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623  and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 , along with the precedent set forth in the majority of federal and state courts, we reiterate that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 deportation is a collateral consequence of a guilty plea in the Commonwealth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1401967\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 , 2008 MP 10 \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 Because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 
 counsel has no duty to inform a criminal defendant of the collateral consequences associated with his or her plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800705\charrsid9987623 , we hold that}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 counsel\rquote s failure to advise a non-citizen criminal defendant of the immigration consequences of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800705\charrsid9987623 his or her plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623  is not objective}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 ly}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623  unreasonable under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623  performance prong.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512547\charrsid9987623 Consequent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1800705\charrsid9987623 
ly, such a claim does not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1401967 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid993633\charrsid9987623 \'b6 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137382\charrsid9987623 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 Taivero atte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623 mpts to distinguish the instant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623  case}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623  from }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1206321\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 
 by claiming that trial counsel not only failed to convey the potential immigration consequences of his guilty plea, but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 trial counsel}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623  also affirmatively misrepresented Commonwealth immigration law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 
Specifically, Taivero claims trial counsel led both he and his wife to believe that he would not be deported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623  if he accepted the Alford plea}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 In support of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 his claim, Taivero }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 points to the conversation his wife}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7340271\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 had with his trial counsel shortly before }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Taivero}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623  accepted the Alford plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 Although }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 trial counsel did not specifically mention the immigration consequences associated with Taivero\rquote s plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 
, he did tell Veronica Taivero that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 efore you know it, [Taivero\rquote 
s] home.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 Then you guys can start your lives together again.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361044\charrsid9987623 ER at 31.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 As a result of this conversation, 
Taivero claims that his trial counsel led him to believe he would not be deported despite pleading guilty to rape.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In essence, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 Taivero}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  requests that we adopt an exception to the collateral consequence rule.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15934587\charrsid9987623 \'b6 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 Although many courts hold that there is }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 
affirmative duty to advise non-citizens of possible immigration consequences stemming from guilty pleas, Taivero correctly asserts that some of those }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 same }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 courts hold that affirmative misrepresentations by counsel can constitute ineffective assistance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 State v. Roja-Martinez}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 125 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 
P.3d 930, 935 (Ut. 2005) (stating that although attorneys have no affirmative duty to investigate and advise clients of potential immigration consequences, they must not misinform clients of immigration consequences);}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623  United States v. Couto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 
, 311 F.3d 179, 187-88 (2d Cir. 2002) (holding that an affirmative misrepresentation regarding immigration consequences amounts to deficient performance under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 Strickland}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115\charrsid9987623 Under }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623 
these mistaken advice cases, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623 an affirmative misrepresenta
tion by counsel as to the deportation consequences of a guilty plea is . . . objectionably unreasonable,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623  and, therefore, satisfies }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623 the first prong of the Strickland test.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 Couto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 , 311 F.3d at 188.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623 hus, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5402685\charrsid9987623 
if the defendant can also establish that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\rquote s errors, [he or] she would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial, then the guilty plea is invalid.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9338045\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2691115 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15934587\charrsid9987623 \'b6 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 , we indicated a willingness to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10629884\charrsid9987623 adopt}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623  an exception to the collateral con}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10629884\charrsid9987623 sequence rule when an attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3096717\charrsid9987623 affirmatively }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
misrepresents the immigration consequences of a guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 2008 MP 10 
\'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 However, just as in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12352367\charrsid9987623 , we find}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7548694\charrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 such an exception ina}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11403879\charrsid9987623 pplicable to the present case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 As a 
preliminary matter, we note that judicial scrutiny of a defense counsel\rquote s performance under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 Strickland}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 
 is highly deferential.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 466 U.S. at 690.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 It is all too tempting for a defendant to second-guess counsel\rquote s assistance after conviction or adverse sentence, and it is all too easy for a court, examining counsel\rquote 
s defense after it has proved unsuccessful, to conclude that a particular act or omission of counsel was unreasonable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623  at 690).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 
A fair assessment of trial counsel\rquote s performance requires this Court to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 We also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 must indulge a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 strong presumption}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623  that counsel\rquote s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance . . . .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 
 at 690}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623  (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 In so doing, we recognize that there are }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12746122\charrsid9987623 at 690}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145136\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3821413 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10096532\charrsid9987623 \'b6 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398386\charrsid9987623 
Taivero appears to make contradictory claims with respect to trial counsel\rquote s representation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398386\charrsid9987623 On the one hand, he makes numerous s
tatements that trial counsel never mentioned the immigration consequences }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 of his plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398386\charrsid9987623 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 For example, in Taivero\rquote s sworn statement, he stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 [Trial counsel] }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 never}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 
 informed me that if I am convicted in the case that I would be deported back to the Cook Islands.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 ER at 34}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623  (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 Taivero }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584979\charrsid9987623 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 stated that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 [t]hroughout [his] counsel of my plea agreement, [trial counsel] }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 never}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623  mentioned my immigration status of being deported.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 ER at 35}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623  (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13584979\charrsid9987623 In fact, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 Taivero\rquote s appellate brief unequivocally states}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623  that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623  trial counsel never discussed the immigration consequences of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 Appellant\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 Opening }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 Br. at 8 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 Mr. Taivero is unequivocal: at no point did his defense attorney advise him of the immigration consequences of his plea.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291221\charrsid9987623 
On the other hand, Taivero claims trial counsel affirmatively misrepresented the immigration consequences of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \'b6 23\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 We }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623 find these two claim}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623  irreconcilable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 Either trial counsel never mentioned the immigration consequences of Taivero\rquote s plea or he affirmatively misrepresented them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4201350\charrsid9987623 He could not have done both.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120676\charrsid9987623 Our review of the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623  record has uncovered no evidence indicating that trial counsel misrepresented Taivero\rquote s i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417967\charrsid9987623 mmigration status.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417967\charrsid9987623 Rather, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623 the only }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623 evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623  that even remotely supports Taivero\rquote s claim }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623 
is trial counsel\rquote s statement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417967\charrsid9987623  to Veronica Taivero in which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623  he told her that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623 [b]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623 efore you know it, [Taivero\rquote s] home.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623 Then you guys can start your lives together again.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15742471\charrsid9987623  at 31.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid852754\charrsid9987623 
Considering the context of the statement, we do not interpret it as an affirmative misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 Trial counsel\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 s statement is technically true: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 Regardless of Taivero\rquote s immigration status, he and his wife were free to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 start [their] lives together}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623  upon his release from prison.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 ER at 31.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 This statement does not indicate that Taivero will be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 
insulated from Commonwealth immigration laws.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 Rather, the statement is unrelated to immigration.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 Granted, u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623 nder }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261151\charrsid9987623 certain}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623  circumstances }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 such a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1605597\charrsid9987623  statement could implicitly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 lead a defendant to believe that deportation was not }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261151\charrsid9987623 possibility}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 However, outside the context of an immigration discussion, we fail to see the link between trial counsel\rquote s statement and Taivero
\rquote s claim of affirmative misrepresentation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273310\charrsid9987623 Taivero states
 in his sworn statement and in his appellate brief that trial counsel never discussed the immigration consequences of his plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 As a result}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1276148\charrsid9987623 , he essentially culled both his recollections and the trial court record to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 find}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1276148\charrsid9987623  one statement, which was wholly unrelated to immigration, and construe it as a misstatement of immigration law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417967\charrsid9987623 However, trial counsel could not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12283377\charrsid9987623 have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15417967\charrsid9987623 
misrepresented what he did not address.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2762170 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \'b6 24\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 In light of the presumption we adopted in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 , we find trial counsel\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2762170\charrsid9987623 
s performance was not deficient as there is no evidence indicating that trial counsel affirmatively misrepresented the immigration consequences of Taivero\rquote s guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 Thus, we have no need to address }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794426\charrsid9987623 
 prejudice prong as it relates to the immigration consequences of Taivero\rquote s plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Motion to Withdraw Guilty Plea}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5330881\charrsid9987623 \'b6 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 Taivero}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  argues that the trial court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8067564\charrsid9987623 exceeded the bounds of its discretion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  in refusing to allow }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  withdraw }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 his guilty plea after }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 he was convicted of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 
rape and sentenced to three years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 We review a trial court\rquote 
s denial of a post-conviction motion to withdraw a guilty plea for abuse of discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 2006 MP 14 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5330881\charrsid9987623 \'b6 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
The trial court abuses its discretion when it bases its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Commonwealth v. Campbell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 4 NMI 11, 17 (1993); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 2006 MP 14 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Commonwealth Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(d) provides that a guilty plea may be withdrawn after imposition of a sentence only }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 to co
rrect manifest injustice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 This standard is significantly higher than the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 fair and just}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  standard for withdrawing guilty pleas prior to sentencing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 See Kerchival v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 , 274 U.S. 220, 224 (1927).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
, we determined that an alien defendant\rquote s ignorance of the immigration consequences of a guilty plea did not constitute manifest injustice sufficient to withdraw a guilty plea under Com. R. Crim. P. 32(d).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 2006 MP 14 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 \'b6}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  6, 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5330881\charrsid9987623 \'b6 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 In the present case, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261151\charrsid9987623 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 he trial court applied }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Strickland\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  two-pronged test and correctly determined that trial counsel\rquote s performance did not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Additionally, the trial court\rquote s denial of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 Taivero\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  motion properly followed the precedent set in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 Shimabukuro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13267767\charrsid9987623 
 and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13267767\charrsid9987623 Chen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 See }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2173663\charrsid9987623 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  \'b6 6 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 A lawyer\rquote 
s failure to inform his client of the consequences of a guilty plea does not amount to \lquote manifest injustice.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 ).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Furthermore, we have no evidenc
e suggesting that the trial court based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8261151\charrsid9987623  in denying Taivero\rquote s motion to withdraw his guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 .}{
\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6052345 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs18\super\insrsid9987623 \chftn }{\insrsid9987623  \tab Finally, Taivero argues that the errors in the case cumulatively require reversal.  }{\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid1179862 See, e.g.}{\insrsid9987623 , }{\i\insrsid9987623\charrsid11356601 
Commonwealth v. Camacho}{\insrsid9987623 , 2002 MP 6 }{\insrsid9987623\charrsid11356601 \'b6}{\insrsid9987623  120 (stating that \'93[i]n some cases, although no single trial error examined in isolation is sufficiently prejudicial to warrant re
versal, the cumulative effect of multiple errors may still prejudice a defendant\'94).  As we find no merit in any of Taivero\rquote s individual arguments, we similarly find no merit in them cumulatively.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 III
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9987623 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623\charrsid9987623 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 \'b6 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9919908\charrsid9987623 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 For the foregoing reasons, we reject }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 Taivero\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
 claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, as trial counsel\rquote s performance did not fall below an objective standard of reasonableness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 Furthermore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 Taivero\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  motion to withdraw }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9392409\charrsid9987623 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623  guilty plea because an alien defendant
\rquote s lack of knowledge regarding the immigration consequences of a guilty plea does not constitute a manifest injustice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9987623  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052345\charrsid9987623 
Accordingly, the trial court\rquote s decision is AFFIRMED.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15480688\charrsid9987623 Concurred:
\par Demapan, C.J., Castro, J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15672670\charrsid9987623 
\par }}