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\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 \f35\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\insrsid1664154 SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1664154 {\b\f0\insrsid1664154 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 2006 GUAM RULES OF EVIDENCE}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 PREPARED BY}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 THE OFFICE OF THE COMPILER OF LAWS
\par HAG\'c5T\'d1A, GUAM}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 \'a9 2006
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMPILER\rquote S NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Refer also to Divisions 1 and 2 of Title 6 Guam Code Annotated.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 TABLE OF CONTENTS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE I: GENERAL PROVISIONS }{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 102. Purpose and Construction.
\par Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence.
\par Rule 104. Preliminary Questions.
\par Rule 105. Limited Admissibility.
\par Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or}{\f0\insrsid470989  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Recorded Statements.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE II: JUDICIAL NOTICE }{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE III: PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 AND PROCEEDINGS }{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 301. Presumptions in General in Civil Actions}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and Proceedings.
\par Rule 302. (RESERVED)}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE IV: RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS }{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 401. Definition of }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Relevant Evidence}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .
\par Rule 402. Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible;}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Irrelevant Evidence Inadmissible.
\par Rule 403. Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Prejudice, Confusion, or Waste of Time.
\par Rule 404. Character Evidence Admissible to Prove Conduct;}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Exceptions; Other Crimes.
\par Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character.
\par Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice.
\par Rule 407. Subsequent Remedial Measures.
\par Rule 408. Compromises and Offers to Compromise.
\par Rule 409. Payment of Medical and Similar Expenses.
\par Rule 410. Inadmissibility of Pleas, Plea Discussions, and}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Related Statements.
\par Rule 411. Liability Insurance.
\par Rule 412. Sex Offense Cases; Relevance of Alleged}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Victim\rquote s Past Sexual Behavior or Alleged Sexual}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Predisposition.
\par Rule 413. Evidence of Similar Crimes in Criminal Sexual}{\f0\insrsid470989  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Conduct Cases.
\par Rule 414. (RESERVED)
\par Rule 415. Evidence of Similar Acts in Civil Cases}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Concerning Criminal Sexual Conduct.
\par Rule 416. Records of Medical Studies of In-Hospital Staff}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Committees.
\par Rule 417. Review of Quality Care, Health Care Provider}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Peer Review Committees, Immunity from}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Liability; Privileged Communications;}{
\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Discovery; Testimony; Delegation of Authority.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE V. P}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 RIVILEGES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 501. General Rule.
\par Rule 502. Traditional Privileges.
\par Rule 503. Waiver of Privilege.
\par Rule 504. Particular Privileges.
\par Rule 504.1. Privileged Communications and Information}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to Crime Stoppers Organizations.
\par Rule 504.2. Confidentiality of the Mediation Process.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VI: W}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 ITNESSES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 601. General Rule of Competency.
\par Rule 602. Lack of Personal Knowledge.
\par Rule 603. Oath or Affirmation.
\par Rule 604. Interpreters.
\par Rule 605. Competency of Judge as Witness.
\par Rule 606. Competency of Juror as Witness.
\par Rule 607. Who May Impeach.
\par Rule 608. Evidence of Character and Conduct of Witness.
\par Rule 609. Impeachment by Evidence of Conviction of Crime.
\par Rule 610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions.
\par Rule 611. Mode and Order of Interrogation and Presentation.
\par Rule 612. Writing Used to Refresh Memory.
\par Rule 613. Prior Statements of Witnesses.
\par Rule 614. Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court.
\par Rule 615. Exclusion of Witnesses.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VII: OPINIONS AND EXPERT T}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 ESTIMONY}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 701. Opinions Testimony by Lay Witnesses.
\par Rule 702. Testimony by Experts.
\par Rule 703. Bases of Opinion Testimony by Experts.
\par Rule 704. Opinion on Ultimate Issue.
\par Rule 705. Disclosure of Facts or Data Underlying}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Expert Opinion.
\par Rule 706. Court Appointed Experts.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VIII: H}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 EARSAY}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 801. Definitions.
\par Rule 802. Hearsay Rule.
\par Rule 803. Hearsay Exceptions; Availability of Declarant}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Immaterial.
\par Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable.
\par Rule 804.1. Protection of Child Witnesses.
\par Rule 805. Hearsay Within Hearsay.
\par Rule 806. Attacking and Supporting Credibility of Declarant.
\par Rule 807. Residual Exception.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE IX: AUTHENTICATION AND I}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 DENTIFICATION}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 901. Requirement of Authentication or Identification.
\par Rule 902. Self-authentication.
\par Rule 903. Subscribing Witness\rquote  Testimony Unnecessary.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE X: CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS, AND}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 P}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 HOTOGRAPHS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1001. Definitions.
\par Rule 1002. Requirement of Original .
\par Rule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates.
\par Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents.
\par Rule 1005. Public Records.
\par Rule 1006. Summaries.
\par Rule 1007. Testimony or Written Admission of Party.
\par Rule 1008. Functions of Court and Jury.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE XI: MISCELLANEOUS R}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 ULES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1101. Applicability of Rules.
\par Rule 1102. Title.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 GUAM RULES OF EVIDENCE}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The 2006 Guam Rules of Evidence were adopted by the Supreme}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Court of Guam in Promulgation Order No. 06-001 on January 6, 2006,}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 pursuant to its authority under the 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1424-1(a)(6). The 2006}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rules of Evidence replace rules previously adopted by the Judicial Council}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of Guam on November 16, 1979 and approved by the Guam Legislature in}{
\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Public Law 15-115:8 on March 25, 1980. The old rules were repealed by}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 P.L. 28-138 on July 11, 2006.
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The 2006 Rules of Evidence were drafted by the Supreme Court of}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Guam\rquote s Subcommittee on Rules of Evidence Revisions. This}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Subcommittee co-chaired by Associate Justice Robert J. Torres, Jr. and}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Judge Katherine A. Maraman, included Georgette Bello-Concepcion, Esq.,}{
\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 William Gavras, Esq., Stephen Hattori, Esq., Stephanie Sato, Traylor T.}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Mercer, Esq., Julie Rivera, Esq., and Charles Troutman, Deputy Attorney}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 General. The subcommittee reviewed the existing Evidence Law of Guam}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and proposed amendments to the Rules and Principles of Evidence. The old}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rules were based in part on the old Federal Rules of Evidence, and Guam}{
\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and California Codes of Civil Procedure. The 2006 Guam Rules of}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence incorporate many of the previous Rules of Evidence with}{
\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 revisions based on the changes that have been made to these old precedents.}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
The Subcommittee also included comments and Supreme Court of Guam}{\f0\insrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cases as references for guidance on how the rules have been interpreted.}{\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ART. I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 101. Scope.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 These rules govern proceedings in the Courts of Guam to the extent}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and with the exceptions stated in rule 1101.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 101, Federal Rules of Evidence (hereinafter referred to as }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 FRE}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 These Rules are patterned after the FRE with minor variations to}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
conform to the Guam court pattern and to remove references to state rules of}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence. Detailed explanations of modifications made to the FRE can be found}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in the comments following some individual rules.
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Because these Rules are not the complete Code of Evidence, Title 6 of the Guam}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Code Annotated will encompass those Rules formerly contained in the 1970}{
\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Code of Civil Procedure, which have not been repealed by this division.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7219911 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 102. Purpose and Construction.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 These rules shall be construed to secure fairness in administration,}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay, and promotion of growth}{
\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and development of the law of evidence to the end that the truth may be}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ascertained and proceedings justly determined.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 102, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 This Rule is identical to Rule 102, FRE. Compare Rule 1 of the}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 103. Rulings on Evidence.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Effect of Erroneous Ruling. Error may not be predicated upon a}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ruling which admits or excludes evidence unless a substantial right of the}{
\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 party is affected, and
\par }{\f0\insrsid7219911 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Objection. In case the ruling is one admitting evidence a}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
timely objection or motion to strike appears of record, stating the}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 specific ground of objection, if the specific ground was not apparent}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
from the context; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7219911\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Offer of proof. In case the ruling is one excluding evidence,}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
the substance of the evidence was made known to the court by offer or}{\f0\insrsid7219911  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 was apparent from the context within which questions were asked.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Once the court makes a definitive ruling on the record on the record}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
admitting or excluding evidence, either at or before trial, a party need}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not renew an objection or offer of proof to preserve a claim of error for}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 appeal.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Record of offer and ruling. The court may add any other or further}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement which shows the character of the evidence, the form in which it}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 was offered, the objection made, and the ruling thereon. It may direct the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 making of an offer in question and answer form.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Hearing of jury. In jury cases, proceedings shall be conducted, to}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the extent practicable, so as to prevent inadmissible evidence from being}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 suggested to the jury by any means, such as making statements or offers of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proof or asking questions in the hearing of the jury.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Plain error. Nothing in this Rule precludes taking notice of plain}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 errors affecting substantial rights although they were not brought to the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 attention of the court.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 103, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See In the Interest of N.A.}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2001 Guam 7, \'b6 23.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 104. Preliminary Questions.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Questions of admissibility generally. Preliminary questions}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 concerning the qualification of a person to be a witness, the existence of a}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privilege, or the admissibility of evidence shall be determined by the court,}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
subject to the provisions of subdivision (b). In making its determination it is}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not bound by the rules of evidence except those with respect to privileges.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Relevancy conditioned on fact. When the relevancy of evidence}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 depends upon the fulfillment of a condition of fact, the court shall admit it}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 upon, or subject to, the introduction of evidence sufficient to support a}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 finding of the fulfillment of the condition.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Hearing of jury. Hearings on the admissibility of confessions shall}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in all cases be conducted out of the hearing of the jury. Hearings on other}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 preliminary matters shall be so conducted when the interests of justice}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 require or, when an accused is a witness, if he so requests.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Testimony by accused. The accused does not, by testifying upon a}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 preliminary matter, become subject to cross-examination as to other issues}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in the case.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Weight and credibility. This rule does not limit the right of a party}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to introduce before the jury evidence relevant to weight or credibility.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 104, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Rule 104 of the Guam Rules of Evidence (hereinafter}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 referred to as }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 GRE}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ) did not include Subsection (e) of Rule 104, FRE which}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provides that this Rule }{
\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 does not limit the right of a party to introduce before the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 jury evidence relevant to weight or credibility.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  The Committee is not aware of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the reason for excluding this Subsection from the Guam Rule.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Santos}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 1999 Guam 1, \'b6 15.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 105. Limited Admissibility.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When evidence which is admissible as to one party or for one purpose}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 but not admissible as to another party or for another purpose is admitted, the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court, upon request, shall restrict the evidence to its proper scope and}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 instruct the jury accordingly.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 105, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 106. Remainder of or Related Writings or Recorded Statements.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When a writing or recorded statement or part thereof is introduced by a}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 party, an adverse party may require the introduction at that time of any other}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 part or any other writing or recorded statement which ought in fairness to be}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 considered contemporaneously with it.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 106, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE II: JUDICIAL NOTICE}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 201. Judicial Notice of Adjudicative Facts.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Scope of rule. This Rule governs only judicial notice of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 adjudicative facts.
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Kinds of facts. A judicially noticed fact must be one not subject to}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reasonable dispute in that it is either (1) generally known within the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 territorial jurisdiction of the trial court or (2) capable of accurate and ready}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 questioned.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) When discretionary. A court may take judicial notice, whether}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 requested or not.
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) When mandatory. A court shall take judicial notice if requested by}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a party and supplied with the necessary information.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Opportunity to be heard. A party is entitled upon timely request to}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 an opportunity to be heard as to the propriety of taking judicial notice and}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the tenor of the matter noticed. In the absence of prior notification, the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 request may be made after judicial notice has been taken.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (f) Time of taking notice. Judicial notice may be taken at any stage of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the proceeding.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (g) Instructing jury. In a civil action or proceeding, the court shall}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 instruct the jury to accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed. In a}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 criminal case, the court shall instruct the jury that it may, but is not required}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to, accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 201, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See In the Interest of N.A.}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2001 Guam 7, \'b6 55-57.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE III: PRESUMPTIONS IN CIVIL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 301. Presumptions in General in Civil Actions and Proceedings.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 In all civil actions and proceedings not otherwise provided for by Act}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of the Guam Legislature or by these Rules, a presumption imposes on the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 party against whom it is directed the burden of going forward with evidence}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to rebut or meet the presumption, but
 does not shift to such party the burden}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of proof in the sense of the risk of non-persuasion, which remains}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
throughout the trial upon the party on whom it was originally cast.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 301, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 This Rule has been modified to refer to acts of the Guam}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Legislature.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 302. (RESERVED)}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE IV: RELEVANCY AND ITS LIMITS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 401. Definition of }{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Relevant Evidence}{\b\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Relevant evidence}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  means evidence having any tendency to make the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 existence 
of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 action more probable or less probable than it would be without the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence.
}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 401, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 402. Relevant Evidence Generally Admissible; Irrelevant}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence Inadmissible.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 All relevant evidence is admissible, except as otherwise provided by}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the Constitution of the United States, by the Organic Act of Guam, by the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 laws of Guam, by these Rules or other rules prescribed by the Supreme}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Court of Guam pursuant to statutory authority. Evidence which is not}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 relevant is not admissible.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 402, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 403. Exclusion of Relevant Evidence on Grounds of Prejudice,}{\b\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Confusion, or Waste of Time.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 403, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 404. Character Evidence Admissible to Prove Conduct;}{\b\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Exceptions; Other Crimes.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Character evidence generally. Evidence of a person's character or a}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 trait of character is not admissible for the purpose of proving action in}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conformity therewith on a particular occasion, except:
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Character of accused. Evidence of a pertinent trait of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
character offered by an accused, or by the prosecution to rebut the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 same, or if evidence of a trait of character of the alleged victim of the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 crime is offered by an accused and admitted under Rule 404(a)(2),}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence of the same trait of character of the accused offered by the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 prosecution;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Character of alleged victim. Evidence of a pertinent trait of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
character of the alleged victim of the crime offered by an accused, or}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by the prosecution to rebut the same, or evidence of a character trait of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 peacefulness of the victim offered by the prosecution in a homicide}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 case to rebut evidence that the victim was the first aggressor;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Character of witness. Evidence of the character of a witness,}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
as provided in rules 607, 608 and 609.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Other crimes, wrongs, or acts. Evidence of other crimes, wrongs,}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that he acted in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible for}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
other purposes, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation,}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident, provided that}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 upon request by the accused, the prosecution in a criminal case shall}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provide reasonable notice in advance of trial, or during trial if the court}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 excuses pretrial notice on good cause shown, of the general nature of any}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 such evidence it intends to introduce at trial.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 404, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 405. Methods of Proving Character.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Reputation or opinion. In all cases in which evidence of character}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or a trait of character of a person is admissible, proof may be made by}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testimony as to reputation or by testimony in the form of an opinion. On}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cross-examination, inquiry is al
lowable into relevant specific instances of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conduct.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Specific instances of conduct. In cases in which character or a trait}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of character of a person is an essential element of a charge, claim, or}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 defense, proof may also be made of specific instances of that person}{\f0\insrsid7345312 '}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 s}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conduct.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 405, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 406. Habit; Routine Practice.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence of the habit of a person or of the routine practice of an}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 organization, whether corroborated or not and regardless of the presence of}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 eyewitnesses, is relevant to prove that the conduct of the person or}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
organization on a particular occasion was in conformity with the habit or}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 routine practice.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 406, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 407. Subsequent Remedial Measures.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When, after an injury or harm allegedly caused by an event, measures}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 are taken that, if taken previously, would have made the injury or harm less}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 likely to occur, evidence of the subsequent measures is not admissible to}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 prove negligence, culpable conduct, a
 defect in a product, a defect in the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 product}{\f0\insrsid7345312 '}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 s design, or a need for a warning or instruction. This rule does not}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 require the exclusion of evidence of subsequent measures when offered for}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 another purpose, such as proving ownership, control, or feasibility of}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 precautionary measures, if controverted, or impeachment.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 407, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 408. Compromises and Offers to Compromise.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence of (1) furnishing or offering or promising to furnish, or (2)}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accepting or offering or promising to accept, a valuable consideration in}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 compromising or attempting to compromise a claim which was disputed as}{\f0\insrsid2754551  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
to either validity or amount, is not admissible to prove liability for or}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 invalidity of the claim or its amount. Evidence of conduct or statements}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 made in compromise negotiations is likewise not admissible. This rule does}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not require the exclusion of any evidence otherwise discoverable merely}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 because it is presented in the course of compromise negotiations. This rule}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 also does not require exclusion when the eviden
ce is offered for another}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 purpose, such as proving bias or prejudice of a witness, negativing a}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
contention of undue delay, or proving an effort to obstruct a criminal}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 investigation or prosecution.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 408, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 409. Payment of Medical and Similar Expenses.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence of furnishing or offering or promising to pay medical,}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 hospital, or similar expenses occasioned by an injury is not admissible to}{\f0\insrsid7345312  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 prove liability for the injury.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 409, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 410. Inadmissibility of Pleas, Plea Discussions, and Related}{\b\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Statements.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Except as otherwise provided in this rule, evidence of the following is}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not, in any civil or criminal proceeding, admissible against the defendant}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 who made the plea or was a participant in the plea discussions:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) a plea of guilty which was later withdrawn;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) a plea of nolo contendere;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) any statement made in the course of any proceedings under}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure or comparable}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 state, territorial, or commonwealth procedure regarding either of the}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
foregoing pleas; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7345312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) any statement made in the course of plea discussions with an}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
attorney for the prosecuting authority which do not result in a plea of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 guilty or which result in a plea of guilty later withdrawn.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 However, such a statement is admissible (i) in any proceeding wherein}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 another statement made in the course of the same plea or plea discussions}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 has been introduced and the statement ought in fairness be considered}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
contemporaneously with it, or (ii) in a criminal proceeding for perjury or}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 false statement if the statement was made by the defendant under oath, on}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the record and in the presence of counsel.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 410, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 411. Liability Insurance.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence that a person was or was not insured against liability is not}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissible upon the issue whether he acted negligently or otherwise}{\f0\insrsid7345312  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 wrongfully. This rule does not require the exclusion of evidence of}{\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 insurance against liability when offered for another purpose, such as proof}{
\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of agency, ownership, or control, or bias or prejudice of a witness.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 411, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 412. Sex Offense Cases; Relevance of Alleged Victim\rquote s Past}{\b\f0\insrsid7345312  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Sexual Behavior or Alleged Sexual Predisposition.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid7345312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Evidence generally inadmissible. The following evidence is not}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissible in any civil or criminal proceeding involving alleged sexual}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 misconduct except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c):
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) evidence offered to prove that any alleged victim engaged in}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
other sexual behavior; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) evidence offered to prove any alleged victim\rquote s sexual}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
predisposition.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Exceptions.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) In a criminal case, the following evidence is admissible, if}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
otherwise admissible under these rules:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (A) evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
alleged victim offered to prove that a person other than the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accused was the source of semen, injury, or other physical}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence;}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (B) evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior by the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 alleged v
ictim with respect to the person accused of the sexual}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 misconduct offered by the accused to prove consent or by the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 prosecution; and

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (C) evidence the exclusion of which would violate the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
constitutional rights of the defendant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) In a civil case, evidence offered to prove the sexual }{\f0\insrsid16059704 behaviour }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or sexual predisposition of any alleged victim is admissible if it is}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 otherwise admissible under these rules and its probative value}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
substantially outweighs the danger of harm to any victim and of unfair}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 prejudice to any party. Evidence of an alleged victim\rquote s reputation is}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissible only if it has been placed in controversy by the alleged}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 victim.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Procedure to determine admissibility.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) A party intending to offer evidence under subdivision (b)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 must:

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (A) file a written motion at least 14 days before trial}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
specifically describing the evidence and stating the purpose for}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 which it is offered unless the court, for good cause requires a}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
different time for filing or permits filing during trial; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (B) serve the motion on all parties and notify the alleged}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
victim or, when appropriate, the alleged victim\rquote s guardian or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 representative.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Before admitting evidence under this rule the court must}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
conduct a hearing in camera and afford the victim and parties a right to}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 attend and be heard. The motion, related papers, and the record of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 hearing, must be sealed and remain under seal unless the court orders}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 otherwise.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 412, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES & ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 412 is now GRE 416.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 413. Evidence of Similar Crimes in Criminal Sexual Conduct}{\b\f0\insrsid16059704  
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Cases.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) In a criminal case in which the defendant is accused of an offense}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of criminal sexual conduct, evidence of the defendant\rquote s commission of}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 another offense or offenses of criminal sexual conduct is admissible, and}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
may be considered for its bearing on any matter to which it is relevant.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) In a case in which the Government intends to offer evidence under}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 this rule, the attorney for the Government shall disclose the evidence to the}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 defendant, including statements of witnesses or a summary of the substance}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
of any testimony that is expected to be offered, at least fifteen days before}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the scheduled date of trial or at such later time as the court may allow for}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 good cause.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) This rule shall not be construed to limit the admission or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 consideration of evidence under any other rule.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) For purposes of this rule and Rule 415, Aoffense of criminal sexual}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conduct}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 means a crime under Federal law, Guam law, or the law of a State}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (as defined in section 513 of title 18, United States Code) that involved:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) any conduct proscribed by chapter 25 of Title 9, Guam Code}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Annotated;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) any conduct proscribed by chapter 109A of title 18, United}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
States Code;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) contact, without consent, between any part of the defendant\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 body or an object and the genitals or anus of another person;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) contact, without consent, between the genitals or anus of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
defendant and any part of another person\rquote s body;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) deriving sexual pleasure or gratification from the infliction of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
death, bodily injury, or physical pain on another person; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (6) an attempt or conspiracy to engage in conduct described in}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
paragraphs (1)-(5).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 413, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 414. (RESERVED)}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 415. Evidence of Similar Acts in Civil Cases Concerning Criminal
\par Sexual Conduct.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) In a civil case in which a claim for damages or other relief is}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 predicated on a party\rquote s alleged commission of conduct constituting criminal}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sexual conduct, evidence of that party\rquote s commission of another offense or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
offenses of criminal sexual conduct is admissible and may be considered as}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provided in Rule 413 of these rules.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) A party who intends to offer evidence under this rule shall disclose}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the evidence to the party against whom it will be offered, including}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statements of witnesses or a summary of the substance of any testimony that}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is
 expected to be offered, at least fifteen days before the scheduled date of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 trial or at such later time as the court may allow for good cause.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) This rule shall not be construed to limit the admission or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 consideration of evidence under any other rule.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 415, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The language of Rule 415, FRE has been modified slightly; the Committee}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 replaced }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sexual assault or child molestation}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  with }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 criminal sexual conduct.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 416. Records of Medical Studies of In-Hospital Staff Committees.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) In-house medical, nursing or dental staff committees of a hospital}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 which engage in medical or dental studies to reduce morbidity or mortality}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 may make findings and recommendations thereon. Except as provided in}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subsection (b), the written records of in
terviews, reports, statements, or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 memoranda of such in-hospital medical, nursing or dental staff committees}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
are subject to the provisions of this Title 6 and the Guam Rules of Civil}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Procedure (relating to discovery proceedings) but, subject to subsections (c)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and (d), shall not be admitted as evidence in any action or before any}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 administrative body, agency, or person.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) The disclosure, with or without the consent of the patient, of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 information concerning such patient to such in-hospital medical, nursing or}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 dental staff committees does not make unprivileged any information that}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 would otherwise be privileged under said laws or rules, and such}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 information subject to discovery under subsection (a) except that the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 identity of any patient may not be discovered 
under subsection (a) unless}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the patient consents to such disclosure.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) This section does not affect the admissibility in evidence of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 original medical or dental records of any patient.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) This section does not exclude evidence which is relevant evidence}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in a criminal action.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Rule 412, GRE or former 6 GCA \'a7 412.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 417. Review of Quality Care, Health Care Provider Peer Review}{\b\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Committees, Immunity from Liability; Privileged }{
\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 Communications; Discovery}{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ; Testimony; Delegation of Authority.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Every health care provider may establish procedures for}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 continuously reviewing and improving the quality of care, performance of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 medical personnel, utilization of services and facilities, and costs.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Notwithstanding any other provision of law, there shall be no monetary}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 liability on the part of, and no cause of action for damages shall arise}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 against any person, partnership, corporation, firm, society or other entity}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 arising from, relating to, or regarding:}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) participation in quality of care or utilization reviews by plan}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or health care provider peer review committees which are licensed}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 health care providers composed mainly of physicians and surgeons,}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
dentists, nurses, allied health professionals, optometrists or any of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 above;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) communication of information, the making or issuance of any}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
recommendation or evaluation to any governmental agency, medical or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 specialists society, regarding the qualifications, fitness, professional}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conduct or practices of health care professionals, which}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 communication, recommendation, and evaluation are the results of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 peer reviews or quality of care or utilization reviews;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) any act performed during peer reviews or quality of care}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
utilization reviews if the person acts in good faith without malice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2754551 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Neither the proceedings nor the records of the reviews shall be subject}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
to discovery except as provided in Subsection (f). Nor shall any person}{\f0\insrsid2754551  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in attendance at, serving on, or communicating information to any}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
review committee described in this Section disclose or be examined as}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to any communication thereto, what transpired therein or the findings}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 thereof, except to the extent necessary to carry out one or more of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 purposes of the review organization. Disclosure of the proceedings or}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 records to the governing body of a health care provider, to the person}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 who is the subject of committee review or to any person or entity}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 designated by the health care provider to review activities of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 committees shall not alter the status of the records or of the}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings as privileged communications.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) The prohibitions in this Section do not prevent any person who is}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 party to any action or proceeding from being examined in such action or}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceeding regarding his or her statements to the committee when his or her}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conduct is being reviewed.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) This section shall not be construed to confer immunity from}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 liability on any health care provider. In any case in which, for but the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 enactment of the preceding provisions of this Section, a cause of action}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 would arise against a health care provider, the cause of action shall exist}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 notwithstanding the provisions of this Section.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Medical records and non-privileged information discovered by}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 independent means are not included in this Section's prohibition relating to}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 discovery. For the purposes of this Section, }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings and records of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
review committees}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  include, but are not limited to: recordings, transcripts,}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 minutes, summaries and
 reports of committee meetings, and the conclusions}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 contained therein.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a health care}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provider from utilizing subcommittees to participate in peer review}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 activities, nor to prevent a plan or health care provider from delegating the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
responsibilities required by this section, as it determines to be appropriate,}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to subcommittees including subcommittees composed of a majority of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 non-physician health care providers licensed pursuant to Guam law, so long}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 as the plan or health care provider controls the scope of authority delegated}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and may revoke all or part of this authority at any time. Persons who}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
participate in the subcommittees shall be entitled to the same immunity}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 from monetary liability and actions for civil damages as persons who}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 participate in provider peer review committees pursuant to this section.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (f) The prohibitions in this Section shall not affect the discovery or the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 use of relevant evidence in any criminal action; provided, however, that the}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 materials afforded protection under this Section may only be discovered in}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
criminal matters upon an adequate showing that exceptional circumstances}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 exist requiring their discovery and the administration of justice would}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 otherwise be impeded without production thereof. Protection from}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 discovery shall not apply to judicial proceedings in which a health care}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }
{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 practitioner contests the denial, restriction or termination of clinical}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privileges by a hospital or clinic.
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (g) }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Health care providers}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  as the term is used in this Section, means a}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 licensed organization engaged in the providing of personal health service to}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the public. Such licensed organizations include hospitals, clinics, health}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 maintenance organizations and nursing homes, but do not include individual}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or sole practitioners.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (h) In all cases, the peer review committee or subcommittee shall}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 make its findings available within the reporting guidelines of the National}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Practitioner Data Bank under the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 1986 and within twenty-one (21) days to:}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (i) the medical or dental professional being assessed, (ii) each licensure}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 entity or board which has licensed the person reviewed, (iii) the employer, if}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 any, of the person reviewed, and (iv) Guam Memorial Hospital Authority, if}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
such committee or subcommittee finds any one (1) of the following:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (i) the person reviewed has an alcohol or substance abuse}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 problem;

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (ii) there are serious quality of care issues regarding the person\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 practice;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (iii) to permit the person reviewed to continue practicing that}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 person
\rquote s profession would represent a significant threat to the health or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 lives of patients;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (iv) the person reviewed has refused to or failed to take remedial}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
actions recommended by the committee or subcommittee;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (v) the person reviewed has violated any law relating to}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
controlled substances;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (vi) the person reviewed was or is licensed or has continued to be}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
licensed based upon fraudulent documents or statements;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (vii) the person reviewed is physically or mentally incapable of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
performing some or all of the duties normally performed by a}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 practitioner of his or her specialty or profession;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (viii) the person reviewed has consistently failed to follow}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 generally a
ccepted medical or dental procedures;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (ix) the person reviewed has violated the ethical standards of his}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or her profession; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (x) convicted of a felony.}{\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 If either subitems (v) or (x) is found to apply, the committee or}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subcommittee making the review shall notify the Guam Police Department,}{\f0\insrsid16059704 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the National Practitioners Databank, the Attorney General, and the U. S.}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Attorney (if a federal crime is involved). In addition, such committee or}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subcommittee may make its findings available to any of the above named}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
organizations or persons if such committee or subcommittee finds it are}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 necessary to protect the patients of the person reviewed.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 413. Added by P.L. 22-87:3 (3/4/94). Subsection (a)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
amended by P.L. 24-84:2. Subsection (b) amended by P.L. 24-84:3. Subsection (c)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 amended by P.L. 24-84:4.Subsection (d) relettered to (e) and new subsection (d)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 added. Subsection (e) relettered to (f) and amended. Subsection (f) relettered to (g) and}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 amended. Subsection (g) relettered to (h) and amended.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The Legislative Intent, enacted by P.L. 22-87:2 states:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The Legislature finds that strong peer review policy as provided in this}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Act does not deprive patients, plaintiffs, or attorneys of any of the usual}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 legal rights. These parties continue to have access to the complete medical}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 record, and all physicians who are party to any action or who have special}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 knowledge or expertise can still testify or be subpoenaed as i
n any other}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 case. This Act only makes nondiscoverable those candid comments made}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 at the peer review meetings.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE V. PRIVILEGES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 501. General Rule.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States,}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by the Organic Act of Guam, by these rules or by the laws of Guam or in}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
privilege of a witness, person, government, state, territory, commonwealth}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or political subdivision thereof, shall be governed by the principles of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 common law as they may be interpreted by the courts of Guam in the light}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of reason and experience.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 501, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 501 is now GRE 502.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 502. Traditional Privileges.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States,}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by the Organic Act of Guam, by the principles of the common law as}{\f0\insrsid16059704 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 interpreted by a court pursuant to GRE 501, by these rules or by the laws of}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Guam or in rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 authority, no person has a privilege to:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) refuse to be a witness; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) refuse to disclose any matter; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) refuse to produce any writing, object, or other thing; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16059704 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) prevent another from being a witness or disclosing any matter}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or producing any writing, object, or other thing.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 501.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 502 is now GRE 503.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : This Guam Rule sets forth specific general statements stating when and}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
where privileges do not exist. This Rule is adopted, almost verbatim, from the U.S.}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Supreme Court version of the Rules of Evidence, which was rejected by Congress.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 503. Waiver of Privilege.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Except as otherwise provided in 504(c) (attorney-client privilege),}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) (privilege for confidential marital communications), (f)}{
\f0\insrsid16059704\charrsid15336447  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (physician-patient privilege), (g) (psychotherapist-patient privilege), (h)}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (clergyman-penitent), or (i) (pri
vilege of clergyman) is waived with respect}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to a communication protected by such privilege if any holder of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
privilege, without coercion, has disclosed a significant part of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 communication or has consented to such disclosure made by anyone.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Consent to disclosure is manifested by any statement or other conduct of the}{\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 holder of the privilege indicating his consent to the disclosure, including his}{
\f0\insrsid16059704  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 failure to claim the privilege in any proceeding in which he has the legal}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 standing and opportunity to claim the privilege.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Where two or more persons are joint holders of a privilege}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provided by 504(c) (attorney-client privilege), (f) (physician-patient}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privilege), or (g) (psychotherapist-patient privilege), a waiver of the right of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a particular joint holder of the privilege to claim the privilege does not}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 affect the right of another joint holder to claim the privilege. In the case of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
the privilege provided by 504(e) (privilege for confidential marital}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 communications), a waiver of the right of one spouse to claim the privilege}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 does not affect the right of the other spouse to claim the privilege.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) A disclosure that is itself privileged is not a waiver of any}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privilege.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) A disclosure in confidence of a communication that is protected by}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a privilege provided by 503(c) (attorney-client privilege), (f)}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (physician-patient privilege), or (g) psychotherapist-patient privilege), when}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 such disclosure is reasonably necessary for the accomplishment of the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 purpose for which the lawyer, physician, or psychotherapist was consulted,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is not a waiver of the privilege.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 502.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 503 is now GRE 504.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 504. Particular Privileges.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by the Organic Act of Guam, by these rules or by the laws of Guam or in}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rules prescribed by the Supreme Court of Guam pursuant to statutory}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 authority, the privilege of a witness, person
, government, state, territory,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 commonwealth or political subdivision thereof, shall include, but not}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 necessarily limited to:
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) the privilege of a Defendant in a criminal case not to be called}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
as a witness and not to testify}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) the privilege against self-incrimination}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) the attorney-client privilege}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) the privilege not to testify against one's spouse}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) the privilege for confidential marital communication}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (f) the physician-patient privilege}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (g) the psychotherapist-patient privilege}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (h) the clergyman-penitent privileges}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (i) trade secret privileges.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 503.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 CROSS-REFERENCES}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : 8 GCA \'a7 1.11 -- Rights of Defendant Enumerated.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The FRE do not establish particular privileges, leaving it to the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
determination of the courts. The Committee has seen fit to set forth the particular}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privileges recognized under Guam Law without limiting the ability of the courts to}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 recognize other privileges based upon the principles of common law.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 504.1. Privileged Communications and Information to Crime}{\b\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Stoppers Organizations.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Definitions. For purposes of this Section:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Crime Stoppers organizations means a private, nonprofit}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 organization
 that accepts and expends donations for rewards to persons}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 who report to the organization information concerning criminal}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
activity and that forwards the information to the appropriate law}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 enforcement agency;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Privileged communication means information provided by}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
any person, in any manner whatsoever, to a Crime Stoppers}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 organization in reporting alleged criminal activity;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Protected information means the identity of the person}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
reporting criminal activity to a Crime Stoppers organization, any}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 records, statements (oral, written or recorded), papers, documents or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
any materials whatsoever utilized by a Crime Stoppers organization in}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reporting criminal activity or in processing such information, whether}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 such information is in the possession of a Crime Stoppers organization,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a police }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Crime Stoppers}{
\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  coordinator or his staff, or a law}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 enforcement agency receiving such information from a Crime Stoppers}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 organization or a third party or entity that was a part of the process of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 gathering or transmitting such records, statements (oral, written or}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 recorded), papers, documents or any materials or information that}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
could individually or collectively be used, either directly or indirectly,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to reveal the identity of the informant.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Nondisclosure of privileged communication or privileged}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 information. No person, police }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Crime Stoppers}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  coordinator or his staff, or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 member of a Crime Stoppers organization's board of directors, crime}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 stoppers volunteer, or any other person or entity who has such information}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or knowledge of such information shall be required to disclose, by way of}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testimony or any other means, privileged communication or privileged}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
information unless such failure to disclose infringes on the constitutional}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rights of the accused. Nor shall such persons be required to produce, under}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subpoena, any records, documentary evidence, opinions or decisions}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 relating to such privileged communication or information (i) in connection}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with any criminal case, criminal proceeding, civil case, civil proceeding or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
any administrative hearing of whatever nature, or (ii) by way of any}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 discovery procedure.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Inspection of records. Any person arrested or charged with a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 criminal offense may petition the court for an in camera inspection of the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 records of a privileged communication or information concerning such}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
person made to a Crime Stoppers organization. The petition shall allege}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 facts showing that such records would (i) provide evidence favorable to the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accused, (ii) be relative to the issue of guilt, and (iii) cause a deprivation of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a constitutional right if such communication or information is not disclosed.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 If the court determines that, based on such criteria, the person is entitled to}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 all or any part of such records, it may order production and disclosure as is}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 necessary, protecting to the extent possible, the identity of the }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Crime}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Stoppers}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  informant.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Penalty for disclosure. Disclosure of a privileged communication}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or privileged information in violation of this section shall be a felony of the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 third degree.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Although the Crime Stoppers organization is authorized to hire}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 legal counsel to assure the enforcement of the provisions of this Section an}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to provide protection of information as set out in this Section, the Attorney}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Genera
l shall, to the extent possible, quash any subpoenas or other}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 discovery efforts to obtain any protected information as defined in}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Subsection (a) above and shall, to the extent authorized by law, take}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 whatever action is necessary to assure anonymity of the Crime Stoppers}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 informant and to protect said protected information.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 503.1, added by P.L. 22-104 (4/1/94).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 504.2. Confidentiality of the Mediation Process.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Except where mediation or conciliation is part of an ongoing action}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 already filed in either the courts of Guam or the United States, all}{\f0\insrsid12521633  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 memoranda, work products, or case files of a mediator or conciliator are}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privileged and not subject to disclosure in any judicial or administrative}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings. Any communications relating to the subject matter of the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
resolution process by any participant, mediator, or other person present at}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the dispute resolution shall be privileged communication.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 505, added by P.L. 22-98 (3/31/94).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VI: WITNESSES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 601. General Rule of Competency.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Every person is competent to be a witness except as otherwise}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provided in these rules or by the laws of Guam.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 First sentence of Rule 601, FRE, with changes.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The second sentence of Rule 601 FRE applies to exceptions brought}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 about by state law. Since this is }{
\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 state law}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , the second sentence of the Federal Rules}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is inapplicable.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 602. Lack of Personal Knowledge.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 A witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the matter. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may, but need not,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 consist of the witness\rquote 
 own testimony. This rule is subject to the provisions}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of rule 703, relating to opinion testimony by expert witnesses.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 602, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 603. Oath or Affirmation.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Before testifying, every witness shall be required to declare that the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness will testify truthfully, by oath or affirmation administered in a form}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 calculated to awaken the witness\rquote  conscience and impress the witness\rquote  mind}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with the duty to do so.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 603, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 604. Interpreters.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 An interpreter is subject to the provisions of these rules relating to}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 qualification as an expert and the administration of an oath or affirmation to}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 make a true translation.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 604, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 605. Competency of Judge as Witness.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The judge presiding at the trial may not testify in that trial as a witness.}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 No objection need be made in order to preserve the point.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 605, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 606. Competency of Juror as Witness.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) At the trial. A member of the jury may not testify as a witness}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 before that jury in the trial of the case in which the juror is sitting. If the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 juror is called so to testify, the opposing party shall be afforded an}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opportunity to object out of the presence of the jury.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Inquiry into Validity of Verdict or Indictment. Upon an inquiry}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 into the validity of a verdict or indictment, a juror may not testify as to any}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 matter or statement occurring during the course of the jury\rquote s deliberations}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or to the effect of anything upon that or any other juror\rquote s mind or emotions}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 as influencing the juror to assent to or dissent from the verdict or indictment}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or concerning the juror\rquote s mental processes in connection therewith, except}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that a juror may testify on the question whether extraneous prejudicial}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 information was improperly brought to the jury\rquote s attention or whether any}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
outside influence was improperly brought to bear upon any juror. Nor may a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 juror\rquote s affidavit or evidence of any statement by the juror concerning a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 matter about which the juror would be precluded from testifying be received}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 for these purposes.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 606, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Castro}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2002 Guam 23, \'b6 18.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 607. Who May Impeach.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The credibility of a witness may be attacked by any party, including}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the party calling the witness.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 607, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 608. Evidence of Character and Conduct of Witness.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Opinion and reputation evidence of character. The credibility of a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness may be attacked or supported by evidence in the form of opinion or}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reputation, but subject to these limitations: (1) the evidence may refer only}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
to character for truthfulness or untruthfulness, and (2) evidence of truthful}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 character is admissible only after the character of the witness for}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 truthfulness has been attacked by opinion or reputation evidence or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 otherwise.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Specific instances of conduct. Specific instances of the conduct of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a witness, for the purpose of attacking or supporting the witness\rquote  credibility,}
{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other than conviction of crime as provided in rule 609, may not be proved}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
by extrinsic evidence. They may, however, in the discretion of the court, if}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 probative of truthfulness or untruthfulness, be inquired into on}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cross-examination of the witness (1) concerning the witness\rquote  character for}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 truthfulness or untruthfulness, or (2) concerning the character for}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 truthfulness or untruthfulness of another witness as to which character the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness being cross-examined has testified.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The giving of testimony, whether by an accused or by any other}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness, does not operate as a waiver of the accused\rquote s or the witness\rquote }{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privilege against self-incrimination when examined with respect to matters}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that relate only to character for truthfulness.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 608, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 609. Impeachment by Evidence of Conviction of Crime.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) General rule. For the purpose of attacking the credibility of a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness,
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) evidence that a witness other than an accused has been}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
convicted of a crime shall be admitted subject to Rule 403, if the crime}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year under}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the law under which the witness was convicted, and evidence that an}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accused has been convicted of such a crime shall be admitted if the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court determines that the probative value of admitting this evidence}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 outweighs its prejudicial effect to the accused; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) evidence that any witness has been convicted of a crime shall}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
be admitted if it involved dishonesty or false statement, regardless of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the punishment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Time limit. Evidence of a conviction under this rule is not}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissible if a period of more than ten years has elapsed since the date of}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the conviction or of the release of the witness from the confinement}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
imposed for that conviction, whichever is the later date, unless the court}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 determines, in the interests of justice, that the probative value of the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conviction supported by specific facts and circumstances substantially}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 outweighs its prejudicial effect. However, evidence of a conviction more}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 than 10 years old as calculated herein, is not admissible unless the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 propon
ent gives to the adverse party sufficient advance written notice of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 intent to use such evidence to provide the adverse party with a fair}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
opportunity to contest the use of such evidence.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Effect of pardon, annulment, or certificate of rehabilitation.}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence of a conviction is not admissible under this rule if (1) the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conviction has been the subject of a pardon, annulment, certificate of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rehabilitation, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding of the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rehabilitation of the person convicted, and that person has not been}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 convicted of a subsequent crime which was punishable by death or}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 imprisonment in excess of one year, or (2) the conviction has been the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
subject of a pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure 0based on a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 finding of innocence.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Juvenile adjudications. Evidence of juvenile adjudications is}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 generally not admissible under this rule. The court may, however, in a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 criminal case allow evidence of a juvenile adjudication of a witness other}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 than the accused if conviction of the offense would be admissible to attack}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the credibility of an adult and the court is satisfied that admission in}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
evidence is necessary for a fair determination of the issue of guilt or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 innocence.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Pendency of appeal. The pendency of an appeal therefrom does}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not render evidence of a conviction inadmissible. Evidence of the pendency}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of an appeal is admissible.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 609, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCE AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 CROSS-REFERENCES}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : Compare 19 GCA \'a7 5123 and \'a7 5124 [Family Court Law].}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
These sections relate to limited disclosure of juvenile records and the sealing and}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 destruction of those records after a certain period of time.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 610. Religious Beliefs or Opinions.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Evidence of the beliefs or opinions of a witness on matters of religion}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is not admissible for the purpose of showing that by reason of their nature}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  the witness' }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 credibility is impaired or enhanced.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 610, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 611. Mode and Order of Interrogation and Presentation.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Control by court. The court shall exercise reasonable control over}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the mode and order of interrogating witnesses and presenting evidence so as}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to (1) make the interrogation and presentation effective for the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
ascertainment of the truth, (2) avoid needless consumption of time, and (3)}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Scope of cross-examination. Cross-examination should be limited}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to the subject matter of the direct examination and matters affecting the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 credibility of the witness. The court may, in the exercise of discretion,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
permit inquiry into additional matters as if on direct examination.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Leading questions. Leading questions should not be used on the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 direct examination of a witness except as may be necessary to develop the}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness\rquote  testimony. Ordinarily leading questions should be permitted on}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cross-examination. }{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When a party calls a hostile witness, an adverse party, or}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a witness identified with an adverse party, interrogation may be by leading}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 questions.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 611, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Santos}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2003 Guam 1, \'b6 28; }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 People v. Guerrero}{\f0\insrsid12521633 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 2003 Guam 18, \'b6 7.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 612. Writing Used to Refresh Memory.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 If a witness uses a writing to refresh memory for the purpose of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testifying, either-}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) while testifying, or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) before testifying, if the court in its discretion determines it is}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
necessary in the interests of justice,}{\f0\insrsid12521633  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12521633 {\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 an adverse party is entitled to have the writing produced at the hearing, to}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 inspect it, to cross-examine the witness thereon, and to introduce in}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence those portions which relate to the testimony of the witness. If it is}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
claimed that the writing contains matters not related to the subject matter of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the testimony the court shall examine the writing in camera, excise any}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 portions not so related, and order delivery of the remainder to the party}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 entitled thereto. Any portion withheld over objections shall be preserved}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and made available to the appellate court in the event of an appeal. If a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 writing is not produced or delivered pursuant to order un
der this rule, the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court shall make any order justice requires, except that in criminal cases}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
when the prosecution elects not to comply, the order shall be one striking}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the testimony or, if the court in its discretion determines that the interests of}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 justice so require, declaring a mistrial.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 612, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The difference between the Federal and Guam Rule is that the Federal}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule refers to 18 U.S.C. \'a7
 3500 which is not applicable to the Superior Court}{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 613. Prior Statements of Witnesses.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid12521633\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Examining witness concerning prior statement. In examining a}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness concerning a prior statement made by the witness, whether written}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or not, the statement need not be shown nor its contents disclosed to the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 w
itness at that time, but on request the same shall be shown or disclosed to}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opposing counsel.
\par }{\f0\insrsid12521633 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Extrinsic evidence of prior inconsistent statement of witness.}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Extrinsic evidence of a prior inconsistent statement by a witness is not}{
\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissible unless the witness is afforded an opportunity to explain or deny}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
the same and the opposite party is afforded an opportunity to interrogate the}{\f0\insrsid12521633  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness thereon, or the interests of justice otherwise require. This provision}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 does not apply to admissions of a party-opponent as defined in rule 801(d)}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 613, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 614. Calling and Interrogation of Witnesses by Court.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Calling by court. The court may, on its own motion or at the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 suggestion of a party, call witnesses, and all parties are entitled to}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cross-examine witnesses thus called.
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Interrogation by court. The court may interrogate witnesses,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 whether called by itself or by a party.
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Objections. Objections to the calling of witnesses by the court or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to interrogation by it may be made at the time or at the next available}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opportunity when the jury is not present.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 614, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 615. Exclusion of Witnesses.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 At the request of a party the court shall order witnesses excluded so}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that they cannot hear the testimony of other witnesses, and it may make the}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 order of its own motion. This rule does not authorize exclusion of (1) a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
party who is a natural person, or (2) an officer or employee of a party which}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is not a natural person designated as its representative by its attorney, or (3)}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a person whose presence is shown by a party to be essential to the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 presentation of the party\rquote s cause, or (4) a person authorized by statute to be}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 present.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 615, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Camacho v People}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , Criminal Case No. 76-010-A (App.}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Div., DC Guam) [1977]. At issue in the case was whether a discussion between the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Attorney General and a medical witness regarding testimony given by the defendant in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the case violated an exclusion order. This medical witness was used in rebuttal. The}{\f0\insrsid13059332  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Appellate Division held that such medical witnesses were not excluded under the order}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 given by the trial court.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VII: OPINIONS AND EXPERT TESTIMONY}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 701. Opinions Testimony by Lay Witnesses.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 If the witness is not testifying as an expert, the witness\rquote  testimony in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the form of opinions or inferences is limited to those opinions or inferences}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 which are (a) rationally based on the perception of the witness, and (b)}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 helpful to a clear understanding of the witness\rquote 
 testimony or the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 determination of a fact in issue, and (c) not based on scientific, technical, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule 702.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 701, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 702. Testimony by Experts.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 education, may testify thereto
 in the form of an opinion or otherwise, if (1)}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the testimony is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
product of reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 702, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\i\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\i\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See In the Interest of N.A.}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2001 Guam 7, \'b6 34.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 703. Bases of Opinion Testimony by Experts.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The facts or data in the particular case upon which an expert bases an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opinion or inference may be those perceived by or made known to the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 expert at or before the hearing. If of a type reasonably relied upon by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences upon the}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subject, the facts or data need not be admissible in evidence in order for the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
opinion or inference to be admitted. Facts or data that are otherwise}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 inadmissible shall not be disclosed to the jury by the proponent of the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opinion or inference unless the court determines that their probative value in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 assisting the jury to evaluate the expert\rquote s opinion substantially outweighs}
{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 their prejudicial effect.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 703, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 704. Opinion on Ultimate Issue.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), testimony in the form of an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opinion or inference otherwise admissible is not objectionable because it}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 embraces an ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) No expert witness testifying with respect to the mental state or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 condition of a defendant in a criminal case may state an opinion or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 inference as to whether the defendant did or did not have the mental state or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 condition constituting an element of the crime charged or of a defense}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 thereto. Such ultimate issues are matters for the trier of fact alone.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 704, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 705. Disclosure of Facts or Data Underlying Expert Opinion.
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The expert may testify in terms of opinion or inference and give}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reasons therefore without first testifying to the underlying facts or data,}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 unless the court requires otherwise. The expert may in any event be required}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to disclose the underlying facts or data on cross-examination.}
{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 705, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See In the Interest of N.A.}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2001 Guam 7, \'b6 49.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 706. Court Appointed Experts.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Appointment. The court may on its own motion or on the motion}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of any party enter an order to show cause why expert witnesses should not}{\f0\insrsid2778976 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 be appointed, and may request the parties to submit nominations. The court}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 may appoint any expert witnesses agreed upon by the parties, and may}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 appoint expert witnesses of its own selection. An expert witness shall not be}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
appointed by the court unless the witness consents to act. A witness so}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 appointed shall be informed of the witness\rquote  duties by the court in writing, a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 copy of which shall be filed with the clerk, or at a conference in which the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 parties shall have opportunity to participate. A witness so appointed shall}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 advise the parties of the witness\rquote  findings, if any; the witness\rquote  deposition}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 may be taken by
 any party; and the witness may be called to testify by the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court or any party. The witness shall be subject to cross-examination by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
each party, including a party calling the witness.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Compensation. Expert witnesses so appointed are entitled to}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reasonable compensation in whatever sum the court may allow. The}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 compensation thus fixed is payable from funds which may be provided by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 law in criminal cases and civil actions and proceedings involving just}{\f0\insrsid2778976 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 compensation under the fifth amendment. In other civil actions and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings the compensation shall be paid by the parties in such}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proportion and at such time as the court directs, and thereafter charged in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 like manner as other costs.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Disclosure of appointment. In the exercise of its discretion, the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court may authorize disclosure to the jury of the fact that the court}{\f0\insrsid2778976 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 appointed the expert witness.
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Parties\rquote  experts of own selection. Nothing in this rule limits the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 parties in calling expert witnesses of their own selection.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 706, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE VIII: HEARSAY}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 801. Definitions.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The following definitions apply under this article:
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid7761406 (a) Statement. "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 is (1) an oral or written assertion or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) nonverbal conduct of a person, if it is intended by the person as an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 assertion.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid7761406 (b) Declarant. "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 is a person who makes a statement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid7761406 (c) Hearsay. "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Hearsay}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 is a statement, other than one made by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
to prove the truth of the matter asserted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Statements which are not hearsay. A statement is not hearsay
\par if}{\f0\insrsid2778976 \emdash }{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Prior statement by witness. The declarant testifies at the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
trial or hearing and is subject to cross-examination concerning the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement, and the statement is (A) inconsistent with the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant
\rquote s testimony, and was given under oath subject to the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 penalty of perjury at a trial, hearing, or other proceeding, or in a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
deposition, or (B) consistent with the declarant\rquote s testimony and is}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 offered to rebut an express or implied charge against the declarant}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of recent fabrication or improper influence or motive, or (C) one}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of identification of a person made after perceiving the person; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Admission by party-opponent. The statement is offered}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
against a party and is (A) the party\rquote s own statement, in either an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 individual or a representative capacity or (B) a statement of which}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the party has manifested an adoption or belief in its truth, or (C) a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement by a person authorized by the party to make a statement}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 concerning the subject, or (D) a statement by the party\rquote s agent or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 servant concerning a matter within the scope of the agency or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 employment, made during the existence of the relationship, or (E)}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a statement by a coconspirator of a party during the course and in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 furtherance of the conspiracy. The contents of the statement shall}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 be considered but are not alone sufficient to establish the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant\rquote s authority under subdivision (C), the agency or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 employment relationship and scope thereof under subdivision}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (D), or the existence of the conspiracy and the participation}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 therein of the declarant and the party against whom the statement}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is offered under subdivision (E).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 801, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Santos}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2003 Guam 1, \'b6 37.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 802. Hearsay Rule.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Hearsay is not admissible except as provided by the laws of Guam, by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 these rules or by other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court of Guam}{\f0\insrsid2778976  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 pursuant to statutory authority.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 802, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, }{\b\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 REFERENCES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : This Rule differs from Rule 802, FRE only by the insertion }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 of}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  Guam}{
\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  and by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the deletion of }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 or}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 by Act of Congress.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 803. Hearsay Exceptions; Availability of Declarant Immaterial.
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The following are not excluded by the hearsay rule, even though the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant is available as a witness:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Present sense impression. A statement describing or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
explaining an event or condition made while the declarant was}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 perceiving the event or condition, or immediately thereafter.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Excited utterance. A statement relating to a startling event or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
condition made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 caused by the event or condition.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Then existing mental, emotional, or physical condition. A}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
statement of the declarant\rquote s then existing state of mind, emotion,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sensation, or physical condition (such as intent, plan, motive, design,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 mental feeling, pain, and bodily health), but not including a statement}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of memory or belief to prove the fact remembered or believed unless it}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 relates to the execution, revocation, identification, or terms of}{\f0\insrsid13059332  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant\rquote s will.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Statements for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment.}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Statements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 describing medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
sensations, or the inception or general character of the cause or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent to diagnosis or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
treatment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) Recorded recollection. A memorandum or record concerning}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
a matter about which a witness once had knowledge but now has}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 insufficient recollection to enable the witness to testify fully and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
accurately, shown to have been made or adopted by the witness when}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the matter was fresh in the witness}{\f0\insrsid2778976 '}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  memory and to reflect that}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 knowledge correctly. If admitted, the memorandum or record may be}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 read into evidence but may not itself be received as an exhibit unless}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 offered by an adverse party.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (6) Records of regularly conducted activity. A memorandum,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conditions, opinions, or diagnoses, made at or near the time by, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if kept in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the course of a regularly conducted business activity, and if it was the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 regular practice of that business activity to make the memorandum,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 report, record or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }
{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 custodian or other qualified witness, or by certification that complies}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with Rule 902(11), Rule 902(12), or a statute permitting certification,}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. The term }{
\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 business}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  as}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 used in this paragraph includes business, institution, association,
}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conducted for profit.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (7) Absence of entry in records kept in accordance with the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
provisions of paragraph (6). Evidence that a matter is not included in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the memoranda, reports, records, or data compilations, in any form,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
kept in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (6), to prove the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 non-occurrence}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  or }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 non-existence}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of the matter, if the matter was of a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 kind of which a memorandum, report, record, or data compilation was}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 regularly made and preserved, unless the sources of information or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (8) Public records and reports. Records, reports, statements, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
data compilations, in any form, of public offices or agencies or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 government instrumentality, setting forth (A) the activities of the office}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or agency or government instrumentality, or (B) matters observed}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 pursuant to duty imposed by law as to which matters there was a duty}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to report, excluding, however, in criminal cases matters observed by}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 police officers and other law enforcement personnel, or (C) in civil}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 actions and proceedings and against the Government in criminal cases,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 factual findings resulting from an investigation made pursuant to}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 authority granted by law, unless the sources of information or other}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 circumstances indicate lack of trustworthiness.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (9) Records of vital statistics. Records or data compilations, in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
any form, of births, fetal deaths, deaths, or marriages, if the report}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 thereof was made to a public office pursuant to requirements of law.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (10) Absence of public record or entry. To prove the absence of a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
record, report, statement, or data compilation, in any form, or the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 non-occurrence}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  or }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 non-existence}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of a matter of which a record, report,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement, or data compilation, in any form, was regularly made and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 preserved by a public office or agency, evidence in the form of a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 certification in accordance with Rule 902, or testimony, that diligent}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 search failed to disclose the record, report, statement, or data}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 compilation, or entry.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (11) Records of religious organizations. Statements of births,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
marriages, divorces, deaths, legitimacy, ancestry, relationship by blood}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or marriage, or other similar facts of personal or family history,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 contained in a regularly kept record of a religious organization.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (12) Marriage, baptismal, and similar certificates. Statements of}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
fact contained in a certificate that the maker performed a marriage or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other ceremony or administered a sacrament, made by a clergyman,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
public official, or other person authorized by the rules or practices of a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 religious organization or by law to perform the act certified, and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 purporting to have been issued at the time of the act or within a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reasonable time thereafter.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (13) Family records. Statements of fact concerning personal or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
family history contained in family Bibles, genealogies, charts,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 engravings on rings, inscriptions on family portraits, engravings on}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
urns, crypts, or tombstones, or the like.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (14) Records of documents affecting an interest in property. The}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
record of a document purporting to establish or affect an interest in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 property, as proof of the content of the original recorded document and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 its execution and delivery by each person by whom it purports to have}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 been executed, if the record is a record of a public office and an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 applicable statute authorizes the recording of documents of that kind in}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that office.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (15) Statements in documents affecting an interest in property. A}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 st
atement contained in a document purporting to establish or affect an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 interest in property if the matter stated was relevant to the purpose of}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the document, unless dealings with the property since the document}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 was made have been inconsistent with the truth of the statement or the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 purport of the document.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (16) Statements in ancient documents. Statements in a document}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
in existence of twenty years or more the authenticity of which is}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 established.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (17) Market reports, commercial publications. Market quotations,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
tabulations, lists, directories, or other published compilations,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 generally used and relied upon by the public or by persons in particular}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
occupations.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (18) Learned treatises. To the extent called to the attention of an}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
expert witness upon cross-examination or relied upon by the expert}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 witness in direct examination, statements contained in published}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
treatises, periodicals, or pamphlets on a subject of history, medicine, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other science or art, established as a reliable authority by the testimony}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or admission of the witness or by other expert testimony or by judicial}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 notice. If admitted, the statements may be read into evidence but may}{\f0\insrsid2778976 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not be received as exhibits.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (19) Reputation concerning personal or family history.}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rep
utation among members of a person\rquote s family by blood, adoption,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or marriage, or among a person\rquote s associates, or in the community,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 concerning a person\rquote s birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death,}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 legitimacy, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or}{
\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other similar fact of personal or family history.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (20) Reputation concerning boundaries or general history.}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Reputation in a community, arising before the controversy, as to}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 boundaries of or customs affecting lands in the community, and}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reputation
 as to events of general history important to the community}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or State or nation in which located.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (21) Reputation as to character. Reputation of a person\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
character among associates or in the community.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2778976 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (22) Judgment of previous conviction. Evidence of a final}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
judgment, entered after a trial or upon a plea of guilty (but not upon a}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 plea of nolo contendere), adjudging a person guilty of a crime}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year, to prove}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 any fact essential to sustain the judgment, but not including, when}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
offered by the Government in a criminal prosecution for purposes}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other than impeachment, judgments against persons other than the}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
accused. The pendency of an appeal may be shown but does not affect}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissibility.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid2778976\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (23) Judgment as to personal, family or general history, or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
boundaries. Judgments as proof of matters of personal, family or}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 general history, or boundaries, essential to the judgment, if the same}{\f0\insrsid2778976  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
would be provable by evidence of reputation.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid2778976 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (24) [Other exceptions.][Transferred to Rule 807]}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 803, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The only changes in this rule, from Rule 803, FRE, appear in subsection (8)}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 where the phrase }{\f0\insrsid15336447 
"}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or governmental instrumentality}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid1730100  was added following "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 agency}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  or}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 agencies}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Salas}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2000 Guam 2, \'b6 23; }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 People v. Moritok}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ,}{\f0\insrsid13059332  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 2003 Guam 21, \'b6 32.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 804. Hearsay Exceptions; Declarant Unavailable.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Definition of unavailability. }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 Unavailability}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  as a witness}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 includes}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 situations in which the declarant}{\f0\insrsid1730100 \emdash }{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) is exempted by ruling of the court on the ground of privilege}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
from testifying concerning the subject matter of the declarant\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) persists in refusing to testify concerning the subject matter of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
the declarant\rquote s statement despite an order of the court to do so; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) testifies to a lack of memory of the subject matter of the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant
\rquote s statement; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) is unable to be present or to testify at the hearing because of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
death or then existing physical or mental illness or infirmity; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) is absent from the hearing and the proponent of a statement}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
has been unable to procure the declarant\rquote s attendance (or in the case of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a hearsay exception under subdivision (b)(2), (3), or (4), the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant\rquote s attendance or testimony) by process or other reasonable}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 means.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 A declarant is not unavailable as a witness if exemption, refusal, claim}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of lack of memory, inability, or absence is due to the procurement or}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 wrongdoing of the proponent of a statement for the purpose of preventing}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the witness from attending or testifying.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Hearsay exceptions. The following are not excluded by the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  hearsay rule if the }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant is unavailable as a witness:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Former testimony. Testimony given as a witness at another}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
hearing of the same or a different proceeding, or in a deposition taken}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in compliance with law in the course of the same or another}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
proceeding, if the party against whom the testimony is now offered, or,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in a civil action or proceeding, a predecessor in interest, had an}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
opportunity and similar motive to develop the testimony by direct,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 cross, or redirect examination.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Statement under belief of impending death. In a prosecution}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
for homicide or in a civil action or proceeding, a statement made by a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declarant while believing that the declarant\rquote s death was imminent,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 concerning the cause or circumstances of what the declarant believed}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to be impending death.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Statement against interest. A statement which was at the time}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
of its making so far contrary to the declarant\rquote s pecuniary or proprietary}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 interest, or so far tended to subject the declarant to civil or criminal}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 liability, or to render invalid a claim by the declarant against another,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 that a reasonable person in the declarant\rquote s position would not have}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 made the statement unless believing it to be true. A statement tending}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
to expose the declarant to criminal liability and offered to exculpate}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the accused is not admissible unless corroborating circumstances}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
clearly indicate the trustworthiness of the statement.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Statement of personal or family history. (A) A statement}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
concerning the declarant\rquote s own birth, adoption, marriage, divorce,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 legitimacy, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other similar fact of personal or family history, even though declarant}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 had no means of acquiring personal knowledge of the matter stated; or}{\f0\insrsid1730100 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (B) a statement concerning the foregoing matters, and death also, of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 another person, if the declarant was related to the other by blood,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }
{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 adoption, or marriage or was so intimately associated with the other\rquote s}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 family as to be likely to have accurate information concerning the}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 matter declared.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) [Other exceptions.][Transferred to Rule 807]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (6) Forfeiture by wrongdoing. A statement offered against a party}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
that has engaged or acquiesced in wrongdoing that was intended to,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 and did, procure the unavailability of the declarant as a witness.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 804, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 804.1. Protection of Child Witnesses.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) Conditions. In a case of physical, sexual or mental abuse of a child}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 as defined in Guam law, a court may order that the testimony of a child}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 victim be taken outside the courtroom and shown in the courtroom by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 means of closed-circuit television if:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) The testimony is taken during the proceeding; and
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) The judge determines that testimony by the child victim in the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
defendant's presence will result in the child suffering serious emotional}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 distress such that the child cannot reasonably communicate.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Location of certain persons; question of child.
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Only the following persons may be in the room with the child}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
when the child testifies by closed-circuit television:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (i) The prosecuting attorney;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (ii) The attorney for the defendant;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (iii) The operators of the closed-circuit television}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 equipment; and

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (iv) Unless the defendant objects, any person whose}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
presence, in the opinion of the court, contributes to the well-being}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of the child, including a person who has dealt with the child in a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
therapeutic setting concerning the abuse.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) During the child's testimony by closed-circuit television, the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
judge and the defendant shall be in the courtroom.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) The judge and the defendant shall be allowed to communicate}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
with the persons in the room where the child is testifying by any}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 appropriate electronic method.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Only the prosecuting attorney, the attorney for any defendant,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
and the judge may question the child.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Examination by judge.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) In determining whether testimony by the child victim in the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
defendant's presence will result in the child suffering serious emotional}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 distress such that the child cannot reasonably communicate, the judge}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 may observe and question the child either inside or outside the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 courtroom and hear testimony of a parent or custodian of the child or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 any other person, including a person who has dealt with the child in a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 therapeutic setting.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (i) Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
any defendant, any defendant's attorney, and the prosecutor shall}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 have the right to be present when the judge hears testimony on}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
whether to allow a child victim to testify by closed-circuit}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 television.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (ii) If the judge decides to observe or question the child in}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
connection with the determination to allow closed-circuit}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 television:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 1. Any defendant's attorney and the prosecutor shall}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
have the right to be present; and}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 2. The judge may not permit a defendant to be present.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (d) Applicability. The provisions of this section do not apply if the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 defendant is an attorney pro se.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (e) Identification of defendant. This section may not be interpreted to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 preclude, for purposes of identification of a defendant, the presence of both}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the victim and the defendant in the courtroom at the same time.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (f) Two-way closed-circuit television prohibited. This section may not}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 be interpreted to permit the use of two-way closed-circuit television or any}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other procedure that would result in the child being exposed to the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 defendant.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Former Title 6 GCA \'a7 804.1, added by P.L. 22-52:4 (12/2/93).}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COMMENT}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : The Legislature enacting the following Findings in Section 3 of P.L.}{\f0\insrsid13059332  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 22-52:}{\f0\insrsid1730100  
\par 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The Legislature finds that while a defendant has a constitutionally guaranteed right to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
confront an accuser during court proceedings, plaintiffs and witnesses, especially}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 children, involved in child abuse cases in Guam should be accorded some witness}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 comfort and protection as in many other jurisdictions. One such type of witness}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 comfort and protection which has been deemed constitutionally permissible is the}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 closed-circuit television testimony of children. The Legislature finds that such}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testimony would help to ensure justice.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 805. Hearsay Within Hearsay.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Hearsay included within hearsay is not excluded under the hearsay}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rule if each part of the combined statements confirms with an exception to}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the hearsay rule provided in these rules.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 805, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 806. Attacking and Supporting Credibility of Declarant.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When a hearsay statement, or a statement defined in Rule}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 801(d)(2)(C), (D), or (E), has been admitted in evidence, the credibility of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the declarant may be attacked, and if attacked may be supported, by any}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence which would be admissible for those purposes if declarant had}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testified as a witness. Evidence of a statement or conduct by the declarant}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 at any time, inconsistent with the declarant\rquote 
s hearsay statement, is not}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 subject to any requirement that the declarant may have been afforded an}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 opportunity to
 deny or explain. If the party against whom a hearsay}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement has been admitted calls the declarant as a witness, the party is}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
entitled to examine the declarant on the statement as if under }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 cross-examination}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 806, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 807. Residual Exception.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 A statement not specifically covered by Rule 803 or 804 but having}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness, is not excluded by}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the hearsay rule, if the court determines that (A) the statement is offered as}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence of a material 
fact; (B) the statement is more probative on the point}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 for which it is offered than any other evidence which the proponent can}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
procure through reasonable efforts; and (C) the general purposes of these}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rules and the interests of justice will best be served by admission of the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 statement into evidence. However, a statement may not be admitted under}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 this exception unless the proponent of it makes known to the adverse party}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sufficiently in advance of the trial or hearing to provide the adverse party}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with a fair opportunity to prepare to meet it, the proponent
\rquote s intention to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 offer the statement and the particulars of it including the name and address}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of the declarant.}{\f0\insrsid407004 

\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 807, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See Ada v. Gutierrez}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2000 Guam 22, \'b6 30.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE IX: AUTHENTICATION AND IDENTIFICATION}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 901. Requirement of Authentication or Identification.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) General provision. The requirement of authentication or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 its proponent claims.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Illustrations. By way of illustration only, and not by way of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conforming with the requirements of this rule:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Testimony of witness with knowledge. Testimony that a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
matter is what it is claimed to be.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Nonexpert opinion on handwriting}{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 . }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
Nonexpert opinion as to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the genuineness of handwriting, based upon familiarity not acquired}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 for purposes of the litigation.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Comparison by trier or expert witness. Comparison by the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
trier of fact or by expert witnesses with specimens which have been}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 authenticated.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Distinctive characteristics and the like. Appearance, contents,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive characteristics, taken}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in conjunction with circumstances.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) Voice identification. Identification of a voice, whether heard}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
firsthand or through mechanical or electronic transmission or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 recording, by opinion based upon hearing the voice at any time under}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
circumstances connecting it with the alleged speaker.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (6) Telephone conversations. Telephone conversations, by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
evidence that a call was made to the number assigned at the time by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the telephone company to a particular person or business, if (A) in the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 case of a person, circumstances, including self-identification, show the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 person answering to be the one called, or (B) in the case of a business,}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the call was made to a place of business and the conversation related to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 business reasonably transacted over the telephone.}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (7) Public records or reports. Evidence that a writing authorized}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
by law to be recorded or filed and in fact recorded or filed in a public}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 office, or a purported public record, report, statement, or data}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
compilation, in any form, is from the public office where items of this}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 nature are kept.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (8) Ancient documents or data compilation. Evidence that a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
document or data compilation, in any form, (A) is in such condition as}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to create no suspicion concerning its authenticity, (B) was in a place}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 where it, if authentic, would likely be, and (C) has been in existence 20}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 years or more at the time it is offered.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (9) Process or system. Evidence describing a process or system}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
used to produce a result and showing that the process or system}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 produces an accurate result.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730100 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (10) Methods provided by statute or rule. Any method of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
authentication or identification provided by the Guam Legislature or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court of Guam pursuant to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
statutory authority.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 901, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 902. Self-authentication.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Extrinsic evidence of authenticity as a condition precedent to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 admissibility is not required with respect to the following:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Domestic public documents under seal. A document bearing a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
seal purporting to be that of the United States, or of any State, district,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Commonwealth, territory, or insular possession thereof, or the Panama}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or of a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 political subdivision, department, officer, or agency thereof, and a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 signature purporting to be an attestation or execution.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Domestic public documents not under seal. A document}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
purporting to bear the signature in the official capacity of an officer or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 employee of any entity included in paragraph (1) hereof, having no}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 seal, if a public officer having a seal and having official duties in the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 district or political subdivision of the officer or employee certifies}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 under seal that the signer has the official capacity and that the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 signature is genuine.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Foreign public documents. A document purporting to be}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
executed or attested in an official capacity by a person authorized by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the laws of a foreign country to make the execution or attestation, and}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accompanied by a final certification as to the genuineness of the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 signature and official position (A) of the executing or attesting person,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }
{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or (B) of any foreign official whose certificate of genuineness of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 signature and official position relates to the execution or attestation or}{
\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is in a chain of certificates of genuineness of signature and official}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
position relating to the execution or attestation. A final certification}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 may be made by a secretary of embassy or legation, consul general,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 consul, vice consul, or consular agent of the United States, or a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 diplomatic or consular official of the foreign country assigned or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accredited to the United States. If reasonable opportunity has been}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 given to all parties to investigate the authenticity and accuracy of}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 official documents, the court may, for good cause shown, order that}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 they be treated as presumptively authentic without final certification or}{\f0\insrsid1730100 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 permit them to be evidenced by an attested summary with or without}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 final certification.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Certified copies of public records. A copy of an official}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
record or report or entry therein, or of a document authorized by law to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 be recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed in a public office,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 including data compilations in any form, certified as correct by the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 custodian or other person authorized to make the certification, by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 certificate complying with paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this rule or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 complying with the laws of Guam or rule prescribed by the Supreme}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Court of Guam pursuant to statutory authority.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (5) Official publications. Books, pamphlets, or other publications}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
purporting to be issued by public authority.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (6) Newspapers and periodicals. Printed materials purporting to}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
be newspapers or periodicals.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (7) Trade inscriptions and the like. Inscriptions, signs, tags, or}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
labels purporting to have been affixed in the course of business and}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 indicating ownership, control, or origin.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (8) Acknowledged documents. Documents accompanied by a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
certificate of acknowledgment executed in the manner provided by law}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
acknowledgments.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (9) Commercial paper and related documents. Commercial paper,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
signatures thereon, and documents relating thereto to the extent}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provided by general commercial law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (10) Presumptions under laws of Guam. Any signature,}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
document, or other matter declared by a law of Guam to be}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 presumptively or prima facie genuine or authentic.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (11) Certified domestic records of regularly conducted activity.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The original or a duplicate of a domestic record of regularly conducted}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if accompanied by}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a written declaration of its custodian or other qualified person, in a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 manner complying with any laws of Guam or rule prescribed by the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Supreme Court of Guam pursuant to statutory authority, certifying that}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the record \emdash }{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with knowledge of those matters;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 activity; and}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid1730100\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a}{\f0\insrsid1730100  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 regular practice.
}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 A party intending to offer a record into evidence under this }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 paragraph must}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  provide written notice of that intention to all adverse parties, and}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 must make the record and declaration available for inspection}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sufficiently in advance of their offer into evidence to provide an}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 adverse party with a fair opportunity to challenge them.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (12) Certified foreign records of regularly conducted activity. In}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
a civil case, the original or a duplicate of a foreign record of regularly}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 conducted activity that would be admissible under Rule 803(6) if}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 accompanied by a written declaration by its custodian or other}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 qualified person certifying that the record:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (A) was made at or near the time of the occurrence of the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
matters set forth by, or from information transmitted by, a person}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 with knowledge of those matters;}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (B) was kept in the course of the regularly conducted}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 activity; and}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (C) was made by the regularly conducted activity as a}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
regular practice.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The declaration must be signed in a manner that, if falsely made,}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 would subject the maker to criminal penalty under the laws of the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 country where the declaration is signed. A party intending to offer a}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 record into evidence under this paragraph must provide written notice}{\f0\insrsid11553312 
 }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of that intention to all adverse parties, and must make the record and}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 declaration available for inspection sufficiently in advance of their}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 offer into evidence to provide an adverse party with a fair opportunity}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 to challenge them.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 902, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : Minor changes have been made to Rule 902, FRE; the language of subsections}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4), (10), & (11) has been modified slightly to read }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 laws}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of Guam}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  and }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 Supreme}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Court of Guam}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
 where appropriate.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 903. Subscribing Witness\rquote  Testimony Unnecessary.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The testimony of a subscribing witness is not necessary to authenticate}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 a writing unless required by the laws of Guam or of the jurisdiction whose}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 laws govern the validity of the writing.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 903, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : Rule 903, FRE, has been modified slightly for our jurisdiction, adding the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 phrase }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 laws of Guam or}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  before }{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of the jurisdiction.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE X: CONTENTS OF WRITINGS, RECORDINGS,}{\b\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 AND PHOTOGRAPHS}{
\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid11553312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1001. Definitions.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 For purposes of this article the following definitions are applicable:
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Writings and recordings. }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 Writings}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  and }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 recordings}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  consist}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
of letters, words, or numbers, or their equivalent, set down by}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing,}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
magnetic impulse, mechanical or electronic recording, or other form of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 data compilation.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Photographs. }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 Photographs}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  include still photographs, X-ray}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 films, video tapes, and motion pictures.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Original. An }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 original}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of a writing or recording is the writing}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or recording itself or any counterpart intended to have the same effect}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 by a person executing or issuing it. An }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 original}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of a photograph}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 includes the negative or any print therefrom. If data are stored in a}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 computer or similar device, any printout or other output readable by}{\f0\insrsid11553312  
}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is an }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 original}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 .}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Duplicate. }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 A }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 duplicate}{
\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447  is a counterpart produced by the}{\f0\insrsid5384306  }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 same impression as the original, or from the same matrix, or by means}{\f0\insrsid5384306  }{
\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 of photography, including enlargements and miniatures, or by}{\f0\insrsid5384306  }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by chemical reproduction, or}{\f0\insrsid5384306  }{
\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 by other equivalent techniques which accurately reproduces the}{\f0\insrsid5384306  }{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 original.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1001, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1002. Requirement of Original.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 To prove the content of a writing, recording, or photograph, the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 original writing, recording, or photograph is required, except as otherwise}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 provided in these rules or by the laws of Guam.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1002, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 : Rule 1002, FRE has been changed to read }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "L}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 aws}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of Guam}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}
{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  instead of }{\f0\insrsid5384306 "}{\f0\insrsid5384306\charrsid15336447 Act}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447  of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Congress.}{\f0\insrsid15336447 "}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1003. Admissibility of Duplicates.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 A duplicate is admissible to the same extent as an original unless (1) a}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 genuine question is raised as to the authenticity of the original or (2) in the}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 circumstances it would be unfair to admit the duplicate in lieu of the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 original.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1003, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1004. Admissibility of Other Evidence of Contents.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The original is not required, and other evidence of the contents of a}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 writing, recording, }{\f0\insrsid13059332 or photograph is admissible if -}{
\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Originals lost or destroyed. All originals are lost or have been}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
destroyed, unless the proponent lost or destroyed them in bad faith; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Original not obtainable. No original can be obtained by any}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
available judicial process or procedure; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Original in possession of opponent. At a time when an}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
original was under the control of the party against whom offered, that}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 party was put on notice, by the pleadings or otherwise, that the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
contents would be a subject of proof at the hearing, and that party does}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 not produce the original at the hearing; or}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13059332 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (4) Collateral matters. The writing, recording, or photograph is}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
not closely related to a controlling issue.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1004, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See Shorehaven Corp. v. Taitano}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 2001 Guam 16, \'b6 9-11.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1005. Public Records.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The contents of an official record, or of a document authorized to be}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 recorded or filed and actually recorded or filed, including data compilations}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 in any form, if otherwise admissible, may be proved by copy, certified as}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
correct in accordance with rule 902 or testified to be correct by a witness}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 who has compared it with the original. If a copy which complies with the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 foregoing cannot be obtained by the exercise of reasonable diligence, then}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 other evidence of the contents may be given.
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1005, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1006. Summaries.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 The contents of voluminous writings, recordings, or photographs}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 which cannot conveniently be examined in court may be presented in the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 form of a chart, summary, or calculation. The originals, or duplicates, shall}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 be made available for examination or copying, or both, by other parties at}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 reasonable time and place. The court may order that they be produced in}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 court.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1006, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1007. Testimony or Written Admission of Party.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Contents of writings, recordings, or photographs may be proved by the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 testimony or deposition of the party against who offered or by that party\rquote s}{
\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 written admission, without accounting for the non-production of the}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 original.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1007, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1008. Functions of Court and Jury.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 When the admissibility of other evidence of contents of writings,}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 recordings, or photographs under these rules depends upon the }{\f0\insrsid11553312 
fulfilment }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 of a condition of fact, the question whether the condition has been fulfilled}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 is ordinarily for the court to determine in accordance with the provis
ions of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 rule 104. However, when an issue is raised (a) whether the asserted writing}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
ever existed, or (b) whether another writing, recording, or photograph}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 produced at the trial is the original, or (c) whether other evidence of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 contents correctly reflects the contents, the issue is for the trier of fact to}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 determine as in the case of other issues of fact.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1008, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 ARTICLE XI: MISCELLANEOUS RULES}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1101. Applicability of Rules.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 These Rules apply to the courts of Guam in the actions, cases, and}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings and to the extent hereinafter set forth.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (a) General applicability. These Rules apply generally to civil}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 actions and proceedings, to criminal cases and proceedings, to}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{
\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 contempt proceedings except those in which the court may act}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 summarily.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (b) Rule of privilege. The Rule with respect to privileges applies}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 at all stages of all actions, cases, and proceedings.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (c) Rules inapplicable. The Rules (other than with respect to}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 privileges) do not apply in the following situations:}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (1) Preliminary questions of fact. The determination of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
questions of fact preliminary to admissibility of evidence when}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the issue is to be determined by the court under rule 104.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (2) Grand jury. Proceedings held before grand juries.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 (3) Miscellaneous proceedings. Proceedings for extradition}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
or rendition; preliminary examinations in criminal cases;}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 sentencing, or granting or revoking probation; issuance of}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
warrants for arrest, criminal summonses, and search warrants; and}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 proceedings with respect to release on bail or otherwise.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 SOURCE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1101, FRE.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 COURT DECISIONS: }{\i\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 See People v. Santos}{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 , 1999 Guam 1, \'b6 13.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTES, REFERENCES, AND ANNOTATIONS}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 NOTE: }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 This rule is generally conformable with Rule 1101, FRE; however,}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 
specific references to numerous federal statutes were omitted as they are not within}{\f0\insrsid11553312  }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 the purview of the Courts of Guam.}{\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 Rule 1102. Title.}{\b\f0\insrsid407004 
\par }{\b\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }{\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 These Rules may be known and cited as the Guam Rules of Evidence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336447 {\f0\insrsid407004\charrsid15336447 or GRE.}{\f0\insrsid11087364 
\par }{\f0\insrsid11553312 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11553312 {\f0\insrsid11553312 ----------------------------------------------}{\f0\insrsid11553312\charrsid15336447 
\par }}