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{\f253\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}@Arial Unicode MS;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f534\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f535\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f537\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f538\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f539\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f540\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f541\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f542\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f874\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f875\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f877\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f878\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f881\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f882\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f886\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f884\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f885\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f887\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}
{\f888\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f889\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f890\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f891\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f892\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f893\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f904\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
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{\f922\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f923\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f3066\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f3064\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f3065\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f3067\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f3068\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}
{\f3069\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f3070\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f3071\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}
{\f3072\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f3073\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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\snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid16268086 Normal;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16268086 apple-converted-space;}{\*\cs17 \additive \b\f0\fs27 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid4332564 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \ul\cf2 \sunhideused \styrsid3427147 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs19 \additive \i 
\sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid3427147 Emphasis;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \sunhideused \styrsid6384817 footnote text;}{\*\cs21 \additive \fs20 \slink20 \slocked \styrsid6384817 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs22 
\additive \super \sunhideused \styrsid6384817 footnote reference;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid6384817 searchterm;}{\*\cs24 \additive \fs16 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 
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\sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 annotation text;}{\*\cs26 \additive \fs20 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Comment Text Char;}{
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\sbasedon25 \snext25 \slink28 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 annotation subject;}{\*\cs28 \additive \b\fs20 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Comment Subject Char;}{
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\sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \f38\fs16 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Balloon Text Char;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\box
\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \snext31 \spriority0 \styrsid10899644 Body A;}{\s32\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 
\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \snext32 \spriority0 \styrsid410703 Body;}
{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid9786268 co_searchterm;}{\*\cs36 \additive \b \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid3153676 Strong;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
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\sbasedon0 \snext37 \slink38 \sunhideused \styrsid10159823 header;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink37 \slocked \styrsid10159823 Header Char;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
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\sbasedon0 \snext39 \slink40 \sunhideused \styrsid10159823 footer;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink39 \slocked \styrsid10159823 Footer Char;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2018\mo5\dy23\hr14\min40}{\revtim\yr2018\mo5\dy23\hr14\min41}{\printim\yr2018\mo5\dy22\hr16\min24}{\version4}{\edmins1}{\nofpages11}{\nofwords2740}{\nofchars15623}{\*\manager Judiciary of Guam}
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\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4152867 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid661001\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf18\insrsid463854\charrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf18\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DDIE BAZA CALVO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf18\insrsid463854\charrsid463854 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf18\insrsid463854\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid463854\charrsid7211804 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I MAGA\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 L\'c5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 HEN GU\'c5\loch\f0 HAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12068785 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid463854\charrsid7211804 I M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid12068785\charrsid7211804 INA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid12148960\charrsid7211804 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid463854\charrsid7211804  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid7029261\charrsid7211804 TRENTAI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid12068785\charrsid7211804 KU}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid7029261\charrsid7211804 \'c5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid12068785\charrsid7211804 TTRO NA LIHESLATURAN GU\'c5HAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11351049\charrsid9720777 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 

\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid463854 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supreme Court Case No.:  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 WRM18-001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4135760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed:  May 23, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4135760\charrsid4135760 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid13442445 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid985319 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Motion to Dismiss Petition for a Writ of Mandate 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9395295\charrsid9395295 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Supreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Court of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid463854 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 May 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10968147\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13442445 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10968147\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13442445 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh1691\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9592\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16535430\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4796 \cellx4688\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4796 \cellx9484\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10048792 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 Appearing for Petitioner:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid12068785 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Sandra Cruz Miller, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Office of the Governor \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ricardo J. Bordallo Governor\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Complex
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Adelup, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12068785 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 Appearing for Respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid12068785 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Julian Aguon, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Blue Ocean Law, PC
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Terlaje Profession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid9395295 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Bldg., Ste. 216
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 194 Hernan Cortez Ave.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid675578 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Hag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid9395295 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid9395295 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'f1
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578\charrsid12068785 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid675578\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 96910}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trrh1691\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9592\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid16535430\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4796 \cellx4688\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4796 \cellx9484\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid12068785 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid675578 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7211804 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af35\ulc1\insrsid7211804 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid12068785 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
BEFORE: KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid9075618 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 JOHN A. MANGLONA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Pro Tempore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid13904129 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12068785 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid7363378 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 MARAMAN, C.J.:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid7211804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid2822942 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Petitioner Eddie Baza Calvo, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I Maga\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7029261\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 l}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 hen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Gu\'e5\loch\f0 han}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid2822942 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Governor\'94\loch\f0 ), has filed a Petition seeking a writ of mandamus directed against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I Mina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12148960\charrsid7608948 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7029261\charrsid7608948 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Trentai }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Ku}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7029261\charrsid7608948 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ttro Na Liheslaturan Gu\'e5\loch\f0 han}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid2822942 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Legislature\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
) commanding the Legislature to \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [t]ransmit and present Bill 1(1-S) as it was passed on May 9, 2017\'94\loch\f0  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Governor and to \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [r]estrain from engaging in further action to delay or prevent the transmittal and presentation of Bill 1(1-S) to the Governor of Guam.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Verified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid12148960\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Pet. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 for Writ of Mandamus at 10 (Jan. 22, 2018) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 hereinafter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15693699 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid16535430 \loch\af0\dbch\af35\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Pet.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Legislature has\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  filed an Answer to the Petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid16208583\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid10048792 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12148960\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12148960\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  also}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 sep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid10048792 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 rately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  moved to dismiss the Petition on a number }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid2822942\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
jurisdictional and justiciability grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid12148960\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid10048792 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 The Governor has opposed the Legislature\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15693699 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 otion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid15693699 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ismiss.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid13442445\charrsid12872540 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 In its motion to dismiss, the Legislature has asserted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid8653387\charrsid12872540 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\dbch\af0\noproof\insrsid2822942\charrsid12872540 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid2822942\charrsid12872540  part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid8653387\charrsid12872540 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540  that the various issues presented }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12148960\charrsid12872540 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 the Petition raise nonjusticiable political questions.  We agree with the Legislature that the question of whether a bill has passed the Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid7105050  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid9075618 as a factual matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid7105050  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487\charrsid7105050 is non}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487 justiciable.  Because the Legislature has never determined as a factual matter that Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\dbch\af0\noproof\insrsid1791487\charrsid2822942 was validly passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid1791487 
, and only the Legislature has that authority, the court is unable to grant the relief requested in the Petition.  Accordingly, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7105050 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Legislatur\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 e
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7105050\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 is granted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid2756694 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7105050 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and the Governor\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7105050\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
is dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11821190 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  with prejudice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7105050 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid1791487 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid7105050 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid13442445\charrsid13442445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s32\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid10440962 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid6056609\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid6056609\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid16268086\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7211804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12717808 
On April 11, 2017, the Governor recommended a bill to the Legislature bearing the title: \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12717808 An Act to Add \'a7
 1512.4 to Article 5, Chapter 1, Title 5, Guam Code Annotated, Relative to Authorizing the Issuance of General }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
Obligation Tax and Revenue Anticipation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16535430 Notes of the Government of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16535430 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
  This bill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 was introduced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  as Bill 1(1-S), and the Legislature 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 was called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  into special session }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 in order to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  consider it.  Of the fifteen members of the Legislature, only thirteen voted}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8653387\charrsid12872540 ; s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8653387\charrsid12872540  voted
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  in favor of the bill and six against the bill.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16535430   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 The Speaker of the Legislature then declared the measure had failed to pass because it did not garner eight affirmative votes as required by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7342809\charrsid12872540  the then-existing version}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342809\charrsid12872540  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  2 GCA \'a7 2104 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9114844\charrsid12872540 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 1.02(d)(4) of the Standing Rules of the 34th Guam Legislature (\'93the Standing Rules\'94).  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 The Governor brought suit seeking a declaratory judgment against the Legislature.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 We held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 In re Request of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 I Maga\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7029261\charrsid7608948 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \'e5hen Gu\'e5han}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid5327036  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Eddie Baza Calvo Relative to the Interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Application of Organic Act Section 1423B }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 What Constitutes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036\charrsid12872540 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 he Affirmative Vote of the Members of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 I Liheslaturan Gu\'e5han}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  (hereinafter, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 In re }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 Request of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Calvo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid7608948 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 ), that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036\charrsid12872540 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 2 GCA \'a7 2104 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9114844\charrsid12872540 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
1.02 of the Standing Rules were inorganic and therefore void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540   2017 Guam 14 \'b6 50.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 he court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 issued a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 declar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 atory judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  that,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6233368\charrsid12872540  as a matter of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10161096\charrsid12872540  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  \'93[p]ursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1423b, when a quorum is present as defined under this provision, if proposed legislation receives \lquote 
the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present and voting,\rquote  it shall be deemed to have passed, and no further requirements necessary to pass legislation may be imposed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 Based upon our prior precedent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607200 , however, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 
he court expressly refused to address }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649 as a factual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \'93whether Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 was appropriately passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 In re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036 Request of I Mina\rquote Trentai Dos Na Liheslaturan Gu\'e5
han Relative to the Use of Funds from the Tax Refund Efficient Payment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 Trust Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 , 2014 Guam 15 \'b6 54}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036  [hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036 In re Tax Trust Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5327036 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 ).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Following the entry of judgment in favor of the Governor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12068785 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid6751902 Governor requested that the Legislature transmit Bill 1(1-S) to him for his signature and approval.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid6751902 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid6751902  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7029261\charrsid6751902 Pet. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11888030 at 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid6751902 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid6751902 The Legislatur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7342809\charrsid6751902 e refused this request, }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15927953\charrsid6751902 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15927953\charrsid6751902  \'b6\'b6 21, 23, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7342809\charrsid6751902 and the Governor\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid6751902  Petition followed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid6751902 
On January}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  24, 2018, the Legislature reconsider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11821190\charrsid12872540 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  its action on Bill 1(1-S) and re-voted.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
 Decl. Rennae V. Meno \'b6 3 (Feb. 6, 2018).  Upon re-vote, Bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8589835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 
1(1-S) failed to pass by a vote of six in favor and eight against, with one member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161096\charrsid12872540 abstaining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540   The Legislature }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10776419\charrsid12872540 subsequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12068785\charrsid12872540  moved to dismiss the Petition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13442445\charrsid12872540 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15887867\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 II.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15492142\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16268086\charrsid12872540 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid7211804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Generally speaking, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 his court has original jurisdiction over a petition for a writ of mandamus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\hich\af0\noproof\insrsid8589835\charrsid12717808 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 3107(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid16138175 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (2005) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 and 48 U.S.C.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (Westlaw through Pub.\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  L. 115-140 (2018))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 See Underwood v. Guam Election Comm\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2006 Guam 19 \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  6, 9; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Gutierrez v. Guam Election Comm\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2011 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0  4; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Duenas v. Guam Election Comm\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 1 \'b6
\'b6\loch\f0  11-13; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 7 GCA \'a7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 31201 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 et seq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid12068785 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\cf0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid8589835\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid621 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6756152\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid8801457\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6756152\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15492142\charrsid12872540 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16268086\charrsid12872540 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7211804 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 A writ of mandamus is \'93[a]\~writ issued by a court to compel performance of a particular act by a lower court or a governmental officer or body}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7342809\charrsid12872540  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540  to correct a prior action or failure to act.\'94\~\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 Mandamus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 , Black}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526144 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 s Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014).  It is an \'93extraordinary remedy employed in extreme situations.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 
Sorensen Television Sys., Inc. v. Superior Court of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 , 2006 Guam 21 \'b6 12 (citation omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 see also Holmes v. Territorial Land Use Comm\rquote n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 , 1998 Guam 8 \'b6 11.  The Organic Act vests th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid140864\charrsid12872540 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540  court with \'93original jurisdiction as the laws of Guam may provide\'94 and \'93
jurisdiction to issue all orders and writs in aid of its appellate, supervisory, and original jurisdiction.\'94\~ 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12280512\charrsid12872540 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540  \'a7 1424-1(a)(1), (3).\~\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 Pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540  7 GCA \'a7 3107, the court\rquote s \'93authority also includes jurisdiction of original proceedings for mandamus, prohibition, injunction, and similar remedies to protect\~its\~appellate jurisdiction.\'94\~
 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b);\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 cf. Clough v. Curtis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 , 134 U.S. 361, 368 (1890) (rejecting }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540 argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid12872540  that terri
torial government did not have authority to grant original jurisdiction to territory\rquote s supreme court in cases seeking mandamus).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7105050\charrsid14171476 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12591814 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487 Here, the Governor requests }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 that a writ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540  issued against the Legislature commanding it to \'93[t]ransmit and present Bill 1(1-S) as it }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 was passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540  on May 9, 2017.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid140864\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540  at 10.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 As the language of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540  request makes clear, underlying the Governor\rquote s Petition is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 baseline }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 assumption that \'93Bill 1(1-S) . . . was passed\'94 by the Legislature.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12872540   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 We can make no
 such assumption.  On the record before the court, there is no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 indication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540  that Bill 1(1-S) }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 was passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 as evidenced by an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540  attested enrolled bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 During oral argument in this matter, the Governor conceded that the engrossment and enroll}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 
ment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540  Bill 1(1-S) has not occurred.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540 Oral Argument at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid607200\charrsid12872540 11:52:02-11:52:33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid12872540  (May 2, 2018).  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1122649\charrsid12872540  is fatal to the Governor\rquote s Petition.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 The political question doctrine provides that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 be considered}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540  n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 onjusticiable where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540  among other things, it is \'93appropriate[] under our system of government of attributing finality to the action of the political departments\'94 or there is a \'93
lack of satisfactory criteria for a judicial determination.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 Coleman v. Miller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 
, 307 U.S. 433, 454-55 (1939).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 \'93The doctrine of which we treat is one of \lquote political questions,\rquote  not one of \lquote political cases.\rquote \'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2110229\charrsid12872540 Baker v. Carr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2110229\charrsid12872540 , 369 U.S. 186, 217 (1962).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2110229\delrsid2110229\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7802018  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 \'93
[T]he presence of constitutional issues with significant political overtones does not automatically invoke the political question doctrine.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 INS v. Chadha}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid7608948 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid7802018 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 462 U.S. 919, 942}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7802018 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 43 (1983).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161096\charrsid12872540 Rather, \'93[t]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 nonjusticiability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540  of a political question is primarily a function of the separation of powers.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 Baker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 , 369 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2110229\charrsid12872540 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540  210.  Although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9246874\charrsid12872540 we have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540  never expressly found that the political question doctrine applies in this jurisdiction, \'93
[b]y its very language, . . . the Organic Act requires }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 
 of the constitutional doctrine of separation of powers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 
 of Guam functions.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 Hamlet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7802018  v. Charfauros}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 , 1999 Guam 18 \'b6 9 (citation omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 
48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1421a (\'93The government of Guam shall consist of three branches, executive, legislative, and judicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7802018  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 .\'94).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 The Organic Act vests the legislative powers of the Government of Guam solely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15624677\charrsid12872540 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12275026\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 the legislative branch.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 See}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1423a.  \'93Where the judicial branch is involved, our primary concerns are that the judiciary not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540  drawn into tasks more appropriate to another branch and that its institutional integrity }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540  protected.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 Brown v. Owen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 , 206 P.3d 310, 317 (Wash. 2009) (en banc)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053040 
 (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 
In setting forth its argument that the Petition presents nonjusticiable political questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12872540 , the Legislature focuses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12717808 
 on two aspects of the legislative process: (i) the determination of whether or not a bill has validly passed; and (ii) the determination of when (or even if) a validly passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3222256\charrsid12717808 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12717808 attested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3222256\charrsid12717808 enrolled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid747630\charrsid12717808 bill will be presented to the Governor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid747630   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979 We agree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993 with the Legislature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979 that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid747630\charrsid747630 he determination of whether legislation has validly passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid747630\charrsid747630 
in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid747630\charrsid747630  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid11346979 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid747630\charrsid747630 
 a question solely wi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid11346979 thin the pur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf19\insrsid747630\charrsid747630 view of the legislative branch.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid747630\charrsid11346979 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161096 Under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid2240711  section 1423b of the Organic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 Act, the Legislature has authority to make its own rules of procedure.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1423b.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13305062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 The Standing Rules of the 34th Guam Legislature provide that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10962786\charrsid12872540 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  before final passage of legislation, a bill must be engrossed and enrolled.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  Standing R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13305062 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12591814\charrsid12872540  34th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13305062 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12591814\charrsid12872540 Leg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13305062 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  \'a7 6.04(d)(6), (7).  The enrolling of a bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540  and attestation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833818 
 of that enrolled bill by the presiding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540 officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540  represent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9075618\charrsid12872540 Legislature\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  final}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10161096\charrsid12872540  factual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  determination that a bill has validly passed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14689895\charrsid12872540 Pub. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 Citizen v. U.S. Dist. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13305062 ourt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13305062 D.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 , 486 F.3d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540  1342, 1343 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (\'93[A]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 \~signed by the leaders of the House and Senate\emdash 
an attested \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 enrolled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 bill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 \rquote \emdash 
establishes that Congress\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 
the text included therein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2053040  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540 accord Marshall Field & Co. v. Clark}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540 
, 143 U.S. 649, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6504547\charrsid12872540 672}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833818\charrsid12872540  (1892) (establishing enrolled bill rule)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid7608948   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2053040 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2053040\charrsid12872540 ee generally State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2053040  ex rel. Hammond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2053040\charrsid12872540  v. Lynch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2053040\charrsid12872540 , 151 N.W.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2053040\charrsid12872540  81 (Iowa 1915)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2053040 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 There is no evidence in the record of this case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540  that the Legislature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 enrolled Bill 1(1-S)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14830993\charrsid12872540  or that it was attested to by the presiding officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9075618\charrsid12872540 ; indeed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  the Legislature has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 affirmatively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 
denied that Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540 validly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540  passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12872540  as a factual matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid15608801 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid15608801  Answer \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12341257\charrsid15608801 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid15608801 (Feb. 5, 2018).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12872540   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 Where there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid2240711  are no clear restrictions placed on the Legislature\rquote s discretion in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 the law-making process, its resolution of legislative procedural issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2756694\charrsid12872540 \emdash including those related to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9075618\charrsid12872540  enrollment of bills\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1795428\charrsid12872540 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 
 entitled to deference.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 See Birmingham-Jefferson Civic Ctr. Auth. v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 City of Birmingham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 
, 912 So. 2d 204, 217 (Ala. 2005) (holding whether vote by \'93a majority of each house\'94 meant a bill was constitutionally required to pass by a majority of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 quorum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 , rather than by a majority of votes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 cast}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540  was a nonjusticiable political question, in the abse
nce of constitutional limits); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 United States v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540  B}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12719386 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 llin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12872540 
, 144 U.S. 1, 6 (1892) (\'93The constitution has prescribed no method of making th[e] determination [of whether a quorum is present], and it is therefore within the competency of the house to prescribe any
 method which shall be reasonably certain to ascertain the fact.\'94).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11346979\charrsid12872540 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993\charrsid12872540 The ultimate relief requested by the Governor is the presentment of Bill 1(1-S).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3222256\charrsid12872540 In order for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12872540  this court to find that presentment to the Governor is a non-discretionary }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3222256\charrsid12872540 ministerial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256  obligation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6631627 
 such that mandamus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12591814  must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12591814\charrsid12717808 be issued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12591814  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993 against the Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16127272 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs22\f0\fs24\super\insrsid14830993 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16535430 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\super\insrsid14830993\charrsid14830993 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14830993\charrsid14830993 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2253865 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In light of our holding on nonjusticiability, we need not and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14830993\charrsid14830993 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 do not address in this Opinion the separate contention made by the Legislature that the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9075618 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lacks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14830993\charrsid14830993 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  authority under 7 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  31202 to issue a writ of mandamus against the Legislature.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256 
 the court must first determine that Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3222256\charrsid12717808 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12717808 validly passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233368\charrsid12732822 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147\charrsid12732822 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12732822 The Governor\rquote s Petition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12732822 assumes that Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6425678\charrsid12732822 was validly passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822  based solely on our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822 In re Request of Calvo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6425678\charrsid12732822 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822 
  There, however, we expressly refused to make that determination.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1791487\charrsid12732822  2017 Guam 14 \'b6
 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 In re Tax Trust Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 2014 Guam 15 \'b6 54).  Earlier in th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993\charrsid12732822 at same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
 opinion, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 recognized that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 the court would have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 , in an appropriate
 case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  to de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 cide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  whether a bill had validly passed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 as a matter of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  \'b6\'b6 14-17.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 , however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  is a question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 separate and apart from the determination of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 whether legislation has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 validly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 passed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 ual matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 2017 Guam 14 \'b6 50 (citatio
n omitted).  In reaching }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  determination in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 In re }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10776419\charrsid12732822 Request of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Calvo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3222256\charrsid12732822 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 drew a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 distinction between}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  determining the necessary vote requirements for passing legislation and determining whether those requirements have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 been met}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  in a particular case.  As the court stated, \'93determining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 how}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  the necessary votes exist is within the legislature\rquote s authority while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 altering}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  the necessary number of votes needed for approval is not.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  \'b6 48 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12719386 citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12719386 Ballin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719386 , 144 U.S. at 5-6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid14755147 Under the Organic Act and our }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16127272 tripartite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid14755147  system of government, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10176374\charrsid12717808 Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid14755147  has the final say over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374 whether a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374\charrsid14755147 
bill validly passed through its enrollment and attestation process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176374   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147 
If the court were to act as adjudicator of fact and find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 Bill 1(1-S) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14755147\charrsid12717808 validly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808 passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147 , we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 
 would usurp the legislative authority vested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4148587 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4148587\charrsid2240711  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 the Legislature under the Organic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147  Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 The Supreme Court of Missouri, for example, held in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 State ex rel. Davisson v. Bolte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 that it did not have the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8801457 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 
 to issue a writ of mandamus to require the speaker of the state senate to place his signature upon and certify that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
a bill was validly passed by the senate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 .\~ 52 S.W. 262, 264-65 (Mo. 1899).\~ The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2756694\charrsid12732822 Davisson}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2756694\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 court reasoned that \'93ruling that the bill was\~not\~passed\'94 by the \'93
presiding officer of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 senate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 \'94 was \'93
strictly within the line of his duties as the presiding officer of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 senate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , and not merely ministerial.\'94\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  265; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 see also Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 206 P.3d at 320-21 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 
finding a nonjusticiable political question where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 presiding officer determin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
bill, with a simple majority voting in favor, did not pass because of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 parliamentary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  point of order found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  bill required }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 two-thirds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  majority vote to pass).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 The same result was reached by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2756694\charrsid12732822 
Alabama Supreme Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Ex }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12719386 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 arte Echols}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 39 Ala.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12719386  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 698 (Ala. 1866).\~ There, after taking a vote on a bill in which forty-seven\~
votes were in favor of passage and twenty-two votes were against passage, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11735143 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11735143 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 he speaker decided[] that the bill had not passed by a vote of two-thirds of that branch of the legislature.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 at}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  699.  A member of the state house of representatives sought a writ of mandamus compelling the speaker to certify that the bill validly passed and transmit it to the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 senate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  for its consideration.\~\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11735143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 at 698.\~
 The court rejected this petition, finding that the speaker\rquote s actions were \'93not a mere ministerial duty, but one that pertains to their legislative functions, and is one over which the house has exclusive jurisdiction.\'94\~\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Id.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  699; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10176436 State ex rel. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Scarborough v. Robinson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
, 81 N.C. 409, 420-24 (N.C. 1879) (holding that court could not force presiding officers of legislative bodies to place signature upon legislation because determining whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 signature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 appropriate,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  and whether legislation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 was validly passed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , was an issue solely for the legislative branch)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10176436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10176436 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 ut cf. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10176436 Comm\rquote rs of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
Leavenworth Cty. v. Higginbotham}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 17 Kan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
62, 76-78 (Kan. 1876) (stating in dicta that mandamus could lie against lieutenant governor in his role as presiding officer of senate to properly authenticate that a law was passed by the senate because \'93
he holds his office independent of the legislature\'94 and the legislature \'93ha[s] no power to remove him from office\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 In a similar vein, the United States Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 found in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Clough v. Curtis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 
 Supreme Court of the territorial government of Idaho could not \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808 by means of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711  writs o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15882309 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 mandamus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 operating upon the officers of legislative bodies, . . . supervise the making up of the records of\~the\~
proceedings of those bodies, or cause }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 alterations to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 be made}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  in such records as are prepared by the officer whose duty it was to prepare them.\'94\~ 134 U.S. at 371-72;\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14830993\charrsid12732822 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 State ex rel. Landis v. Thompson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
, 164 So. 192, 196-97 (Fl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10176436 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 . 1935);\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Fox v. Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 91 S.E. 209, 209-10 (W. Va. 1917).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  Likewise, the Washington Supreme Court found in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 State ex rel. Daschbach v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Meyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822  that it did not have the authority to order the legislature \'93to affix the true date of passage upon a bill.\'94  229 P.2d 506, 507 (Wash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4532598  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 1951) (en banc).  In other words, the official rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 ords of the legislative branch\emdash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 including determinations regarding vote totals,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711  dates, and other factors used to determine }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4086255 when or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 whether a bill has v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970 alidly passe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5666970 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 are within the Legislature\rquote s sole }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4532598 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13786172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 The Governor\rquote s Petition requests, in effect, that the court direct the Legislature to pass specific legislation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11362841  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14830993\charrsid12717808 But,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 t is a \'93well-established principle, rooted in the doctrine of separation of powers, that the courts may not order the Legislature or its members to enact or not to enact, or the Governor to sign or not to sign,\~
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 specific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2760728  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 Serrano v. Priest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 557 P.2d 929, 941 (Cal. 1976) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2760728 (en banc) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 (footnotes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15474724 and citations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 see also Mandel v. Myers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 , 629 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 .2d 935, 947 n.9 (Cal. 1981) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15474724 (en banc) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5666970\charrsid12732822 (\'93[B]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12732822 
y virtue of the separation of powers doctrine courts lack the power to order the Legislature to pass a prescribed legislative act.\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12980507\charrsid12717808 there are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808  various provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12980507\charrsid12717808 in the Organic Act }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808 that may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14830993 potentially }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 cabin the Legislature\rquote s use of discretion in its presentment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12732822 authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12732822 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7211804 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\super\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15474724 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  1423i;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  see also Brewer v. Burns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 213 P.3d 671, 673-79 (Ariz. 2009) (en banc); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Campaign for Fiscal Equity, Inc. v. Marino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid12732822\charrsid12732822 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 661 N.E.2d 1372, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1373 (N.Y. 1995).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12980507\charrsid12732822 \emdash 
a question we need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12980507\charrsid12717808  not decide today\emdash the Governor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808  has not pointed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1795428 any constitutional or organic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808  restrict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1795428 ion on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2240711\charrsid12717808  the Legislature\rquote s authority to determine (as a factual matter) if and when legislation has passed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1795428   The Organic Act vests that authority solely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4148587 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1795428 the legislative branch.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639203 
As the valid passage of Bill 1(1-S) is a predicate fact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147 necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639203 
to grant the relief the Governor requests in the Petition, we are unable to afford him the relief he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14755147 seeks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639203 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 The Petition presents a nonjusticiable controversy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639203  and must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10639203\charrsid12717808 be dismissed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2240711\charrsid2240711 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233368   We decline to reach the other }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8801457 jurisdictional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6233368 arguments presented by the Legislature.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid747630 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4485792\charrsid9720777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 V.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15492142\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5257515\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7211804 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7211804\charrsid7211804 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2824311\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons set forth above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6756152 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Legislature\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Motion to Dismiss }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 GRANTED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6756152 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6756152 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Governor\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Petition }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DISMISSED}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12717808\charrsid8653387 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  WITH PREJUDICE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6756152 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  An order will 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6756152\charrsid12717808 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be separately issued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6756152 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15685520 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid205385\charrsid6756152 
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