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{\subject Teleguam Holdings LLC v. Guam, CVA16-017}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2018\mo5\dy14\hr15\min16}{\revtim\yr2018\mo5\dy14\hr15\min16}{\printim\yr2018\mo5\dy11\hr14}{\version2}{\edmins0}{\nofpages25}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14812711 Teleguam Holdings LLC v. Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14812711 , 2018 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 TELEGUAM HOLDINGS LLC AND }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14309387 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 ITS WHOLLY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES,
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\insrsid14232362\charrsid2113769 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
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\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid14232362\charrsid14309387 v.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 PACIFIC DATA SYSTEMS, INC.,
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\insrsid14232362\charrsid2113769 Defendant-Appellant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid9978057 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid11608357 Supreme Court Case No. CVA16-017
\par Superior Court Case No. CV0334-13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid9978057 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12138526\charrsid9978057 
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\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid2783401 Filed:  May 14, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid2783401\charrsid2783401 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12138526\charrsid9978057 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10187611\charrsid16401390 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid13915849 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14232362\charrsid16401390 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12138526\charrsid9978057 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid9978057 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 May 31, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid9978057 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12979588 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7423323 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14943036 \page 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15280991\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240
\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2498543 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362 
\par Pacific Data Systems, Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10187611 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 Bill R. Mann, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14232362\charrsid14232362 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 
\par Berman O\rquote Connor & Mann
\par Bank of Guam Bldg.
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022605 , Ste. 503}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7425902 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14232362\charrsid14232362 Appearing for Defendant-Appellee
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14232362\charrsid11086619 Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14232362\charrsid14232362  of Guam:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 Marianne Woloschuk, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14232362\charrsid12845312 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12803287 Civil Litigation & Solicitors Division
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid7423323 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs15\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362 
\par Teleguam Holdings LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs15\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 
\par Vincent C. Camacho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7622898 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14232362 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14232362\charrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362\charrsid13375608 Camacho Calvo Law Group LLC
\par 134 W. Soledad Ave., Ste. 401
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14232362\charrsid9978057 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15280991\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2719541 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7423323 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
BEFORE: KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15280991 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15280991 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3435628 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14232362 CARBULLIDO, J.:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16656542 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8875101 This appeal arises out of a lengthy government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16583513  procurement dispute regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8875101 the Government of Guam\rquote 
s attempt to procure comprehensive telecommunication services. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2847283\charrsid11086619 Defendant-Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14232362\charrsid11086619 Pacific Data Systems, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 PDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14232362\charrsid11086619  appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid8671101 
 a final }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2847283\charrsid8671101 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid8671101 udgment of the Superior Court granting summary judgment to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2847283\charrsid11086619 Plaintiff-Appellee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 Teleguam Holdings LLC (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 GTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 ) and canceling the entirety of a ten-part Invitation for Bids}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 (\'93
IFB\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6258361\charrsid11086619 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 PDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 seeks appellate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  review of the Superior Court\rquote 
s procedure for reviewing decisions of the Public Auditor and whether the trial court erred in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3565084\charrsid11086619 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  the IFB. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 In response, GTA argu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  that PDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3565084\charrsid11086619 lacks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  appellate standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid943752 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283 cancellation and proceedings below were proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4266971 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2185483 conclude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 that PDS has appellate standing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 Further, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390\charrsid16401390 reverse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  the portion of the Superior Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486089 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3565084\charrsid11086619 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 
 Parts A-D and F-J of IFB }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3565084\charrsid11086619 GSA-064-11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2185483 affirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  the portion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 Superior Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486089 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3565084  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3565084\charrsid8671101 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084  Part E of IFB GSA-064-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14232362 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3565084\charrsid3565084 I. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5657025  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3565084\charrsid3565084 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 In 2011, the Government of Guam General Services Agency (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 GSA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 ) issued a ten-part Invitation for Bids, IFB GSA-064-11, for a comprehensive telecommunications system for the executive branch. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15418465 The IFB stated: \'93Each Part of the IFB shall be treated separately for bid submission and shall not affect the other Parts of the bid.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981 
Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 , tab 1, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981 Ex. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 1 at 25 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480178\charrsid16480178 Invitation for Bid, June 22,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480178  2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 ).  Pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 rt E of the IFB sought bids for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 dedicated GovGuam Wide Area Network (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid943752 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 GGWAN}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid943752 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 ) Data Communication Service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7816274 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15418465 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1662610  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 The GGWAN }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1662610\charrsid12720431 was divided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  into 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps services. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 In response to public questions from IT&E, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 GSA stated: \'93There will only be one contract awarded for each Part.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981 RA, tab 45 at 1847 (Gov\rquote 
t Ex. List, Mar. 25, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6453799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 When asked }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735  this would restrict competition and increase overall pricing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 GSA responded: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14360954 
\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 Smaller awards would require far more administrative time, technical resources, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1320735\charrsid12720431 cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1320735\charrsid11086619  confusion over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735  who is responsible for what service at a location within a Part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16139741 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 The administrative overhead would be very high. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 As such, these Parts are the traditional components that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1320735\charrsid12720431 are bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1320735 
 for larger organizations.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid810987 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6453799 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3565084 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6453799 Part E garnered two bidders\emdash GTA and PDS. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 For the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16270981  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 Gbps service, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610\charrsid13186589 GTA bid $750}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  per month per node and PDS bid $870 per month per node. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 Both bidder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3619325 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  waived installation charges. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 For the 10 Gbps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 service, GTA }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1662610\charrsid12720431 bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  $9,400 per month per node, and PDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1662610\charrsid12720431 bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  $1,500 per month per node. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 GTA }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1662610\charrsid12720431 bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610  an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 additional }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1662610 instal
lation charge of $48,832 per node. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8270158 In April 2012, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8270158 
GSA issued a Bid Status recommending the award of both GGWAN services to PDS based on GTA\rquote s high price. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8270158 In May 2012, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401390 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8270158 GSA issued a Revised Bid Status with the same recommendation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13590137 GTA filed a time
ly protest with the GSA, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13590137\charrsid12720431  denied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13590137 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13590137 GTA appealed to the Public Auditor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13590137\charrsid12720431 GTA argued that the GSA\rquote s single award of Part E to PDS was improper because its 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2847283\charrsid12720431  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13590137\charrsid13783852 Gbps bid was lower}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 
 than PDS\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13590137\charrsid13783852 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13590137  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5657025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13590137 After instructing the parties to develop the record, the Public Auditor held a two-day hearing in the Office of Public Accountability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid13590137 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 
 We note a discrepancy here that PDS raised in the trial court.  Guam procurement law gives jurisdiction over appeals from the GSA to the Public Auditor, not the Office of Public Accountability.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14812711 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 5 GCA \'a7 5703.  As the parties actually appeared before t
he Public Auditor and the Decision was signed by the Public Auditor, the discrepancy seems merely technical and does not impact the substantial rights of any party in this litigation.  However, in future procurement appeals, the Public Auditor should be m
indful of the capacity in which she is acting as to eliminate any confusion over issues of jurisdiction.  In this opinion, we refer only to the \'93Public Auditor.\'94}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6701609  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3619325  Afterwards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283 , the Public Auditor issued Consolidated D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6701609 ecision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6701609 , in which she affirmed the single award of Part E to PDS.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10976113  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13848043\charrsid12720431 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12745760 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13848043\charrsid12720431 , the Public Auditor found that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9046248 \'93[}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13848043\charrsid12720431 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9046248 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13848043\charrsid12720431 he i
ntent of the IFB was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9046248 issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9046248\charrsid12720431  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13848043\charrsid12720431 
a consolidated, centralized telecommunications bid for services to GovGuam, with consideration given to economies of scale and standardizing telecommunications services and equipment for GovGuam.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10649543\charrsid10649543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10976113  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310 RA, tab 1, Ex. 2 at 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543\charrsid12720431  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14238310 OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543\charrsid12720431  Consol}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4462828 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543\charrsid12720431  Decs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543 ., }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543\charrsid12720431 Mar. 6, 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10649543 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848043\charrsid9452873 She}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848043  also found that \'93GSA hired a consultant concerning the IFB. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13848043 As to [Part E], GovGuam wanted only one provider, envisioning one carrier to increase efficiency and to avoid incompatibilities, duplicate costs, and other pote
ntial problems which might arise with more than one provider.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2847283 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8875101\charrsid2847283 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid81843 GTA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3619325 disagreed and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid81843 filed a Verified Complaint in the Superior Court challenging the Public Auditor\rquote s decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4348421 GTA named the Territory of Guam;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid12979588 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  Title 1 GCA \'a7 420 prohibits the use of the term \'93Territory of Guam\'94
 in official government documents, instead requiring the term \'93Guam.\'94
  The first caption and reference to the Territory of Guam as a party remains to ensure consistency with the case documents and proceedings below.  The remaining references are to Guam.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4348421 
 the Department of Administration, General Services Agency; the Office of Public Accountability;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid2847283 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  The Attorney General entered an appearance in this appeal, but failed to file any briefs (or even a notice of waiver of briefs).  The Government\rquote 
s failure to participate does not hinder review of the issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711\charrsid5909347  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 in this case.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4348421 
 and Pacific Data Systems, Inc. as defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 
As an initial matter, the parties disagreed with how the case should proceed in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 PDS argued
 that the Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 sits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 
 in an appellate capacity over challenges to OPA actions by merely receiving briefs and hearing oral arguments. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 It further asserted that n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188\charrsid12745760 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  discovery should be permitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 GTA argued that an appeal of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15555128\charrsid12720431 Public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128  Auditor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  decision under 5 GCA \'a7 5480 is a \'93civil action,\'94 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 is governed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 
 by the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14057429 
RA, tab 25, Ex. A at 1 (Statement Re: Disagreement of Scheduling Order, Aug. 1, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 According}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12720431  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  GTA, the trial court has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12720431  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  to permit discove
ry and supplement the agency-submitted record. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 In the action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 
 below, the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 permitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188  further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 discovery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 , but limited it to issues not already on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid20188\charrsid12720431 record
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2847283  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8875101 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6833779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 During discovery in the trial court, GTA deposed Dr. Norman Okamura\emdash the consultant hired by GSA to help prepare the IFB.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13262111  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13262111\charrsid12720431 Through the depositio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13262111\charrsid13783852 
n, the parties discovered that the GSA failed to keep proper records of minutes of meetings with Dr. Okamura}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2169644\charrsid12720431 
 and the Government, records of communications between Dr. Okamura and the Government, drafts of the IFB worked on by Dr. Okamura, and other paper and materials used by Dr. Okamura in the development of specifications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11870046  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4462828  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Since the procurement record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644 was incomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 , t
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644  determined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543 
that it could not affirm any award under the IFB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644 The }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644  vacated the Public Auditor\rquote s decision, remanded the case to the Public Auditor, and ordered a new decision in light of the new findings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1257404  that the record was incomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2169644 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788 
The Public Auditor issued a Decision on Remand which contained the following analysis: \'93No new evidence was presented that alters the Public Auditor\rquote s previously issued Consolidated Decisions.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788 The case returned to the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid20188 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788 Back in the Superior Court, both GTA and PDS filed motions for summary judgment stating that no genuine issue of material fact remained in dispute. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3014788 PDS argued that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 Public Auditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788 \rquote s decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3014788\charrsid12720431 
was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788  proper and should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3014788\charrsid12720431 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2578514\charrsid12720431 
 affirmed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 GTA argued that the Public Auditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788 \rquote s
 decision should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3014788\charrsid12720431 be overturned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3014788  as arbitrary, capricious, clearly erroneous, and contrary to law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014  denied PDS\rquote s motion for summary judgment and granted GTA\rquote 
s cross-motion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014  found that the Public Auditor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 s decision on remand was \'93so devoid of analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8156427 
 . . . that the Court now rules that the deficiencies in the procurement record . . . have not been cured}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4916317 
RA, tab 138 at 7 (Dec. & Order, Aug. 18, 2016).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 Based on this, the court found that the Public Auditor\rquote 
s decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  upholding the procurement award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 violated Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543 law}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3014788\charrsid2498543 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6833779 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 The Superior Court looked to the procurement statutes for the proper remedy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 It found that, u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13508014 nder Guam procurement law, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13508014\charrsid12720431 proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13508014\charrsid12720431 remedy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014  depends on whether the procurement is in the pre-award or post-award stage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345034 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9783834 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345034  found that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4345034\charrsid12720431 procurement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345034  was still in the pre-award }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4345034\charrsid12720431 stage}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4345034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600 and determined that the only appropriate statutorily prescribed remedies }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9255600\charrsid12720431 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600  revision or cancellation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600 Because the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9255600\charrsid12720431 procurement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600  was incurably incomplete, the trial court found }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9255600\charrsid12720431 revision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600  impossible. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600 
The trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9255600\charrsid12720431 canceled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600  the entire ten-part IFB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9255600 PDS now appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13508014 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600\charrsid9255600 II. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3433868  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600\charrsid9255600 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3433868 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680  3107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868 , 3108(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680  (2005); 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 115-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868 140}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 )).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2832680\charrsid2832680 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600\charrsid9255600 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3433868  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600\charrsid9255600 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 The Superior Court\rquote s grant of a motion for summary judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2832680\charrsid12720431 is reviewed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2832680 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3433868  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2832680 Newby v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680 , 2010 Guam 4 \'b6 10. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832680\charrsid2832680 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9255600\charrsid15425615 IV. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3433868  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid15425615 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2450862 Government procurement law is a unique statutory scheme, which enables the government }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16589319 to acquire necessary goods and services to ensure the proper functioning of government. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12658638 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12658638 5 GCA \'a7 5030}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 (o)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12658638  (defining procurement). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16589319 Guam\rquote s procurement law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12658638 is governed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15216044\charrsid12720431 largely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12658638  by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16589319 statute. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12658638 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12658638 5 GCA \'a7\'a7 5001-5908.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14360954  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10627779 Under this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11755215 statutory scheme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779 , we review the specific issues raised by the parties. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779 First, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10627779\charrsid12720431 review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779  whether PDS has appellate standing in this matter. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779 Second, we analyze whether the Superior Court\rquote s jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10627779\charrsid12720431 was properly invoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779  over the entire IFB or only Part E. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10627779 Third, we discuss the appropriate procedure for the Superior Court to follow when handling an \'93appeal\'94 from a decision of the Public Auditor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10627779 Finally, we determine whether the Superior Court employed the appropriate remedy when faced with a materially incomplete procurement record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10627779\charrsid12658638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13386889\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 PDS }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11481032 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268\charrsid12720431 Standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 o Appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 Superior Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268\charrsid12720431 Canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 
he Entire }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 IFB
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 GTA argues that PDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid12720431 
does not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid12720431 standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  to appeal because bidders have no
 pecuniary interest in pre-award procurements. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10563461 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13851069 -13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  (Feb. 13, 2017) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10563461\charrsid4680405 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183 &E Servs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10563461\charrsid4680405 , Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183  of Wash. v. D.C. Water & Sewer Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461\charrsid4680405 310 F.3d 197}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13851069 , 199}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  (D.C. Cir. 2002)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 
Further, GTA argues that the automatic stay of procurement actions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 5 GCA \'a7 5425(g)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5248840  (2005)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 , deprives PDS of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ny interest in this litigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 12-13 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10563461 C&E Servs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 , 310 F.3d at 200-01}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401390 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 Standing is a threshold matter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12654892 see Benavente v. Taitano}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892 
2006 Guam 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892  \'b6 14, which questions \'93the power of the court to entertain the suit.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12654892 
See Warth v. Seldin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 , 422 U.S. 490, 498 (1975). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 n Guam, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966 
standing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 may be conferred either constitutionally or statutorily. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12654892 Benavente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12654892 , 2006 Guam 15 \'b6 20. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 Constitutional standing requi
res a party to show injury-in-fact, a causal connection between the injury and conduct complained of, and redressability by a favorable decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183 
Lujan v. Defs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892  of Wildlife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892 , 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892 For statutory standing, the court analyzes \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892 the rel
evant statute to determine upon whom the Legislature conferred standing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157329 and whether the Petitioners . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892  fall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12654892\charrsid12720431 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12654892\charrsid12654892  that category.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157329  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14157329 Benavente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157329 , 2006 Guam 15 \'b6 19 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2184052 citation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14094710 omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 A party must be \'93legally aggrieved\'94 to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid541913\charrsid12720431 standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2426966  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid541913 See Gov\rquote t of Guam v.
 162.40 Square Meters of Land More or Less, Situated in Municipality of Agana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 , 2011 Guam 17 \'b6 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335362  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid753267 citation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335362  omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid753267  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 
While standing in general focuses on the harm caused by the underlying facts, for appellate standing, a party must show \'93an adverse effect of the judgment.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid753267  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid541913 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913  \'b6 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335362  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid753267 citation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid335362 omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid541913 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 Regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252548  statutory standing, we note}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  the absence of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252548 independent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid12720431 statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6252548  creating standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252548  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6252548\charrsid6252548 Benavente}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554\charrsid12654892 2006 Guam 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  \'b6 23. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 Additionally, the parties have focused their arguments on constitutional or common-law standing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 9-18; Appellant\rquote s Reply Br. at 1-5}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1799096  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12541527 Mar. 1, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1799096 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 Contrary to GTA\rquote s assertions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 we find }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 
PDS has constitutional or common-law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2097554\charrsid12720431 standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684\charrsid6252548 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 GTA\rquote s argument }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 that PDS lacks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2097554\charrsid12720431 constitutional standing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2390684\charrsid12720431 is fatally doomed by its own}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2390684\charrsid13783852  actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 GTA sued PDS in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2390684\charrsid12720431 action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2390684 , which is at least an implicit acknowledgment of PDS\rquote s pecuniary interest in the outcome of this litigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2390684 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 RA, tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2390684\charrsid12720431 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684  at 1 (Verified Compl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2893458 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 , Mar. 20, 2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 Indeed, GTA and PDS both engaged each other through years of litigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2097554\charrsid12720431 prior to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554 rriving in this court.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5458922  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1336972 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972 RA, tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1336972\charrsid12720431 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3496516 Ex. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972 2 (OPA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3496516 Consol. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972 Decs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2893458 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972 , Mar. 6, 2013), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1336972 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1336972 Notice of Appeal (Oct. 12, 2016).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2097554  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 Our cases dictate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 a finding of standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2390684 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14571266 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14571266\charrsid14571266 162.40 Square Meters}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14571266 , this court found standing where the appealing party had purchased land from the government following condemnation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 2011 Guam 17 \'b6 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14571266  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14571266 
The plaintiffs alleged that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14571266\charrsid12720431 landowners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14571266  lacked standing on appeal because only the government 
has eminent domain power. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12022774 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 \'b6 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 PDS, like the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 landowners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12022774\charrsid14571266 162.40 Square Meters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 entered into an agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12022774  with the government. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 GTA sought, albeit through lawful means, to interfere with this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704056 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12022774 e law recognizes pecuniary interests }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15412647 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  prospective contractual and business relations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5835586  as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  sufficient to provide the minimal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704056 , yet necessary,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  showing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704056  required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12022774  for appellate standing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 
See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14238310 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431  e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11754183 Peders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid335362 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11754183 n v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid4333039 191 F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid335362  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid4333039 
Supp. 95, 102 (D. Guam 1961) (\'93The right to pursue a lawful busines}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 s is a property right . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6623989  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6623989  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6623989 Kamm v. Flink}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6623989 , 175 A. 62, 66 (N.J. 1934))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12022774\charrsid12720431 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 Ullmannglass v. Oneida, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16532545 927}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431  N.Y.S.2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16532545 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 
 702, 705-06 (App. Div. 2011) (finding plaintiffs stated a claim for interference with prospective contractual relations).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14238310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 Indeed, contrary to GTA\rquote s restrictive interpretation of pecuniary interest for standing purposes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7814670\charrsid12720431 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431  procurement law contemplates suits, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16532545 
 (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 , and protests, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431  5 GCA \'a7 5425(a)-(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16532545  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10704056\charrsid12720431 , by both \'93actual\'94 and \'93prospective\'94 bidders, offerors, and contractors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10704056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid12720431 5 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid12720431  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 5425}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid12720431 5480}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10704056\charrsid9837140 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 By losing even a \'93prospective\'94 contract, PDS suffers an \'93adverse effect of the judgment\'94 sufficient to confer appellate standing in a case where it was already a party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2390684\charrsid10563461 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 GTA\rquote s reliance on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7814670 C&E Services}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  is equally misplaced. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7814670 C&E Services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7814670 , the appealing party was complaining about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 District of Columbia\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 procuring agency\rquote s cancellation of the bid process. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670\charrsid4680405 310 F.3d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  at 200-01. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7814670 C&E Services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5835586 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 s not a case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7814670\charrsid12720431 about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  standing, but instead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5835586 addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 whether t
here was a sufficient property interest created to maintain a due process suit against the government. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7814670 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 PDS is not complaining about GSA\rquote s actions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670 
PDS is appealing a Superior Court action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7814670 instituted by GTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6252548 which impacts its business and contractual 
relations with Guam\rquote s executive branch. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16583513 we need not determine whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039 PDS would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16583513 
have a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039  claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid4333039 if GSA issued a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039  Cancellation of Invitation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16583513 s for Bids under 5 GCA \'a7 5225, PDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039 
 certainly has standing to appeal both pre-award and post-award challenges to procurements brought by other actual and prospective bidders, offerors, and contractors when it would otherwise have been awarded the contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid4333039  and is made a party to the suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6252548\charrsid4333039 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 The Government of Guam has still not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid12720431 canceled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10563461  or withdrawn the proposed award, which indicates its intent to contract with PDS. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10563461\charrsid4333039 This}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461  shows an \'93adverse effect of the judgment\'94 sufficient to confer appellate standing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7814670\charrsid7814670 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid1380268\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11345469 B. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11345469 The Superior Court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 Subject-Matter Jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268 Was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1380268\charrsid4333039 Properly Invoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 Only Over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 Part E }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1380268\charrsid2450862 of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 IFB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11345469\charrsid2450862 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16058265\charrsid16058265 A court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5835586 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16058265\charrsid16058265 s lack of subject matter j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10563461 urisdiction over an action may . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16058265\charrsid16058265 be raised at any time, including after trial has concluded and for the first time on appeal, and may not be waived or excused by the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 \'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4411224 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224\charrsid4411224 2005 Guam 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224  \'b6 21. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 Guam courts have a duty to police their jurisdiction and power. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 
People v. Gomia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 , 2017 Guam 13 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 People v. San Nicolas}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 , 2016 Guam 21 \'b6 15; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 see also Gonzalez v. Thaler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 , 565 U.S. 134, 141 (2012) (\'93When a requirement goes to subject matter jurisdiction, courts are obligated to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039  issues that the parties . . . have not presented.\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2450862 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 The jurisdiction of the Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 is invoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224  when a petition or complaint }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 is filed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4411224 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 Guam R. Civ. P. 3 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4411224\charrsid4411224 A civil action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4411224\charrsid4333039 is commenced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224\charrsid4411224  by fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4411224 ling a complaint with the court.\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469 While subject-matter jurisdiction relates to a court\rquote 
s competency and exists both before and after an action, a party seeking relief on a particular subject must properly invoke the jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11345469\charrsid4333039 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11345469\charrsid13783852  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11345469\charrsid4333039 Parker Bros. v. Fagan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11345469\charrsid4333039 , 68 F.2d 616, 618 (5th Cir. 1934) (\'93
Jurisdiction of the subject-matter of an action is a power to adjudge concerning the general question involved therein, and is not dep
endent upon the state of facts which may appear in a particular case, or the ultimate existence of a good cause of action in the plaintiff therein.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11345469\charrsid11345469 Malone v. Meres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469\charrsid11345469 , 109 So. 677, 727 (Fla.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6623989  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469\charrsid11345469 
1926)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6623989 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11345469  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11345469 with 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid262236 Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 , 550 U.S. 544}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6623989 , 556}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236  (2007) (\'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 [A]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236\charrsid262236  well-pleaded complaint may proceed even if it strikes a savvy judge that actual proof of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 
those facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  [in the complaint]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid262236\charrsid4333039 improbable,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9837140 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236\charrsid262236 that a recovery is very remote and unlikely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9837140 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 \'94 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9837140 citation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 
. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 Guam law requires that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid262236\charrsid4333039 protestant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid262236  seeking to challenge a GSA procurement award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  before the Public Auditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236  must file an appeal with the Public Auditor \'93
within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the protestant o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 f the notice of [protest] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid262236\charrsid4333039 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid262236 5 GCA \'a7 5425(e). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 Further, 
\'93any person receiving an adverse decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652634 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 may appeal from a decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652634 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14181384  the Public Auditor to the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652634  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14181384 5 GCA \'a7 5707(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652634  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 
Actions in the Superior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5601417 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 ourt \'93shall be initiated within fourteen (14) days after receipt of a final administrative decision.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 5 GCA \'a7 5481(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12652634  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4411224 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 GTA timely filed an appeal with the Public Auditor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11481032 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7631635 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9046248 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9046248  of Teleguam Holdings, LLC,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  No. OPA-PA-12-018 (Procurement Appeal, Nov. 5, 2012). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 GTA also timely filed an appeal in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14308644  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 RA, tab 1 (Verified Compl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1460188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 ).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14308644  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 However, in both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11752040  appeals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14181384 , GTA sought review of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14300928 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 Part E. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2451912  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 RA, tab 1 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6357621 at 8-9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 (Verified Compl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2558956  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12983267 GTA did not request the Superior Court cancel the entire IFB until it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5601417  filed its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267  Amended Verified Complaint on November 23, 2015. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12983267 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12983267 RA, tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 111 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6357621 at 13}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6630612  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 (Am. Verified Compl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628  Nov. 23, 2015). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 This amendment came much too late. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10560628\charrsid4333039 
In amending its petition, GTA did not change just factual allegations, but sought to invoke the Superior Court\rquote s jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9452110\charrsid4333039  over the entire IFB, not just P
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10560628\charrsid4333039 art E. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10560628\charrsid4333039 Since the Superior Court\rquote s jurisdiction over Parts A-D and Parts F-J was not invoked within fourteen days of the Public Auditor\rquote 
s decision, the Superior Court lacked the authority to cancel those portions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 Where the Superior Court\rquote 
s jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7631635\charrsid4333039 is not timely invoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 , the Superior Court lacks the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7631635\charrsid4333039 authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  to exercise that jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 Public Auditor\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 became}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628  final over the other Parts when GTA did not timely commence an action in the Superior Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 5 GCA \'a7 5425(f).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 While the subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 
matter of an IFB may be appropriate for review in the Superior Court, that jurisdiction must be timely invoked to allow the Superior Court to exercise its power to review the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14181384 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10560628 Finding no basis for the Superior Court\rquote 
s exercise of jurisdiction over Parts A-D and Parts F-J }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 of IFB GSA-064-11, we reverse the portion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394 
 of the Superior Court\rquote s Order and Judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10897394\charrsid4333039 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10897394  those parts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4266971  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Yet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4266971 , the Superior Court\rquote s jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4266971\charrsid4333039 was properly invoked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4266971  over Part E, and we now analyze the Superior Court\rquote s review of that Part.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10560628 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11744239 //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11744239 //
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid11744239\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid7298026 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 
The Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12994600\charrsid4333039 Properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600\charrsid2450862  Reviews }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600\charrsid2450862 he \'93Whole Record\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600 in a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600\charrsid2450862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12994600 Timely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600\charrsid2450862  Filed \'93Civil Action\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600 as an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600\charrsid2450862  Exerci}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12994600 se of Its Original Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 A significant portion of the dispute in the Superior Court centered around the proper procedure for handling an \'93appeal\'94 from a decision of the Public Auditor to the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10437879  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 5 GCA \'a7 5707(a). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10437879  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 PDS argued that the action should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid989946\charrsid4333039 be handled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 
 like an appellate proceeding, where the court\rquote s decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid989946\charrsid4333039 is made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11272532\charrsid4333039 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 the administrative record submitted by the Public Auditor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14300928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid989946 Essentially, the proposed process was: (1) briefing, (2) oral arguments, and (3) a decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14300928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 No discovery }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8991643 would be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946  permitted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14300928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 RA, tab 25 at 1-2 (Statement Re: D
isagreement of Scheduling Order, Aug. 1, 2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14300928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 GTA argued that this court\rquote s ruling in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 
Town House Department}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14175486\charrsid14175486  Stores, Inc. v. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 artmen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14175486\charrsid14175486 t of Educ}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 ation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 , 2012 Guam 25, dictates that appeals from the Public Auditor\rquote s decision are \'93civil actions\'94 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid989946\charrsid4333039 are governed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946  by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 
Rules of Civil Procedure, which permit discovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 18-19; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 RA, tab 25 at 1-2 (Statement Re: Disagreement of Scheduling Order). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 We }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7631635 agree with GTA that procurement appeals from Public Auditor decisions proceed as \'93civil actions\'94 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946 
 the trial court\rquote s procedures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4333039 , in this case,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527  did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527 
exceed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid989946  scope of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527 its discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139 However, we take this opportunity to outline how the Superior Court should review decisions of the Public Auditor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid9452110 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  In the Superior Court, the Attorney General\rquote s Office posite
d that two alternate tracks for review of procurements may exist: (1) appellate review through the Public Auditor or (2) filing a petition in the Superior Court after the GSA denies a protest.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14812711 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 RA, tab 32 at 2-3 (Guam Resp. Br. Re: Standards of Review, Oct. 21, 2013).  Bypassing the Public Auditor appears to be available in at least cases where the Public Auditor is recused.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711\charrsid14499471  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14812711 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 2 Guam Admin. R. & Regs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14812711\charrsid2950566 \'a7 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711 116}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711\charrsid2950566 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2450862 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4678023 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 A party seeking to challenge the Public Auditor\rquote 
s procurement decision must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139 timely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 file a civil action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139 in Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 naming the proper defendants.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid91072\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9897527 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486 this court held that the term \'93action\'94 in 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a) means civil action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9897527 2012 Guam 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486  \'b6 28. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139 Our ru
les similarly contemplate that there is only \'93one form of action to be known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8991643 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139 civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8991643 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3958139\charrsid4333039 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3958139 Guam R. Civ. P. 2. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183 Data M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 ana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11754183 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14175486 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14175486 t Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 ources}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11754183 , LLC v. Office of Pub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6053680 lic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14175486  Accountability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486 , this court clarified that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16667587 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14175486\charrsid4333039 holding\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486  intended \'93f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486\charrsid14175486 
ocus was on providing formal notice to the adverse parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14175486\charrsid4333039 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486\charrsid14175486  the lawsuit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14175486 2013 Guam 27 \'b6 26. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
Under 5 GCA \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3240847\charrsid4333039 5480}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4333039 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
 it is also necessary to name government defendants to overcome sovereign immunity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3240847 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847\charrsid9837140 
, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 2012 Guam 25 \'b6 33. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 The statutes also specify }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16667587\charrsid4333039 certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  government officials upon whom service must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16667587\charrsid4333039 
be made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15009599 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  GCA \'a7 6209}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15009599  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110 requiring service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  upon the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110 
Claims Officer and Attorney General). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 As to how civil action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 s in procurement appeals }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16667587\charrsid4333039 are}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8991643\charrsid4333039  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3240847\charrsid4333039 filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
, we hold that consistent with Superior Court rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8991643 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847  a civil action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3240847\charrsid4333039 
is commenced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847  by filing a complaint in the Superior Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 Guam R. Civ. P. 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 The complaint should name and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3240847\charrsid4333039 be served}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
 upon all relevant defendants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2643968  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3240847 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 Guam R. Civ. P. 4(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13176006  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16667587\charrsid4333039 complaint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 
 should comply with the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure and any other applicable laws. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13176006  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16667587 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 
Guam R. Civ. P. 7-16. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 GTA complied with these requirements.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid4678023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4678023 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139\charrsid3958139 The civil action proceeds under the laws and rules applicable to the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3958139 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 Next, we hold that the law and rules applicable to the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5528776 , including the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587  Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  Rules of Civil Procedure,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 
govern \'93appeals\'94 from Public Auditor decisions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 While the parties provide substantial argument on this point, we look first to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  Guam statutes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  rule. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 Under }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16667587 Guam Procurement Law, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 5 GCA \'a7 5480, \'93[a]ll actions permitted by this Article shall be conducted as provided in the Government Claims Act.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 5 GCA \'a7 5480(f). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 The Government Claims Act provides, in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8991643 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  \'93All actions brought under this Chapter shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5528776\charrsid4333039 be governed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  by the law and rules of procedure of the Superior Court of Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 Service of process shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5528776\charrsid4333039 be made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  upon the Claims Officer and upon the Attorney General.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15009599 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  GCA \'a7 6209. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776 Based on this statutory language, PDS\rquote s attempt to create }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5528776\charrsid4333039 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5528776  appellate review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 by the Superior Court is unduly restrictive. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 Additionally, limiting the Superior Court to appellate review would require piecemeal adaptation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 Rules of Appellate Procedure, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 only govern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105  proceedings in this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9452110 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110  Guam R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15219817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110  App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15219817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110  P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15219817 . 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9452110 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390\charrsid16401390 These rules govern procedure in appeals to the Supreme Court of Guam from the Superior Court of Guam and in other proceedings before the Supreme Court.\'94
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 It would also circumvent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4011105\charrsid4011105 Superior Court\rquote s \'93original . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4011105\charrsid4333039 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105\charrsid4011105 
 over all causes in Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4011105\charrsid4333039 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105\charrsid4011105  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390\charrsid4011105 \'94 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105  provided in the Organic Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105\charrsid4011105 48 U.S.C.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15676145 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105\charrsid4011105  \'a7 1424-1(d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 Procurement appeals }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4011105\charrsid4333039 are governed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4011105 
 by law and rules of procedure of the Superior Court of Guam, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4011105\charrsid4333039 includ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7367681\charrsid4333039 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7367681  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7367681 Rules of Civil }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818 Procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471 Special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14499471\charrsid4333039 rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471  for procurement cases would complicate procurements, instead of simplifying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 them. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 5 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603\charrsid4011105 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12452603  5001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15219817 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid555134  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3240847 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471 The case below}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4333039\charrsid4333039 correct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2576818\charrsid4333039 ly proceeded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818  according to the law and rules applicable to the Superior Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid11744239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2576818\charrsid2576818 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4678023 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2576818\charrsid2576818 The Superior Court must consider the \'93whole record\'94 when reviewing actions of the Public Auditor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2576818\charrsid4678023 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818 GTA and PDS dispute what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644  record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818 the Superior C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 ourt may consider when reviewing 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576818 the Public Auditor\rquote s procurement decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15927988 
Therefore, we must ask}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7367681  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 hat evidence may the Superior Court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8196011\charrsid4333039 consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011  in these actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8196011  and is further discovery permitted? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15927988 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 Under the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure, discovery }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8196011\charrsid4333039 is broadly permitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15219817 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15219817  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 Guam R. Civ. P. 26-37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10648368 cf. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 Payton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10648368  v. N.J. Turnpike Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368 , 691 A.2d 321, 326 (N.J. 1997) (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368\charrsid10648368 New Jersey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368\charrsid10648368 
s discovery rules are to be construed liberally in favor of broad pretrial discovery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368 .\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10648368 
Further, trial judges have broad discretion in overseeing litigation and discovery. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6163696 Guam Econ. Dev. Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039  v. Affordable Home Builders, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 , 2013 Guam 12 \'b6 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390  (\'93[W]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid16401390 e must give due deference to the trial court for matters lying within its discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6503847  .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6163696 Wenz v. Nat\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 
l Westminster Bank, PLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10648368\charrsid4333039 , 91 P.3d 467, 469 (Colo. App. 2004) (finding \'93regulation of pretrial discovery\'94 to be \'93within the trial court\rquote s discretion
\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6503847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15927988 
Having already held that the laws and rules applicable to the Superior Court govern procurement appeals, we find that discovery }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15927988\charrsid4333039 is not prohibited}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15927988  in these actions. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011 While it would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8196011\charrsid4333039 certainly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011  be i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4726506 nadvisable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8196011  to allow
 re-discovery of items already exchanged during the proceedings before the Public Auditor, nothing prohibits }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 
the trial court from overseeing additional discovery of matters not already developed on the record. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3418214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 The Superior Court is entitled to examine \'93th
e whole record,\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 see, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4726506  Guam Mem\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 l Hosp. Auth. v. Civil Serv. Comm\rquote n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15090999  (Chaco)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 , 2015 Guam 18 \'b6 16, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14905644 not just that which GSA or the Public Auditor unilaterally chooses to submit. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3418214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 Effective review depends on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4333039  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14905644\charrsid4333039 presentation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644  of all relevant materials. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3418214  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8991643 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14905644\charrsid4333039 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644\charrsid14905644 Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6163696 
or Vehicle Mfrs. Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11561678 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6163696 n of U.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644\charrsid14905644 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6163696 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644\charrsid14905644  v. State Farm Mut. Auto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11561678 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14905644\charrsid14905644  Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14905644 , 463 U.S. 29, 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14905644 44 (1983)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 Like federal district courts, the Superior Court must be enabled to conduct \'93a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683\charrsid12867683 thorough, probing, in-depth review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12867683 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12867683 Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 , 401 U.S. 402, 415 (1971)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12871888 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12871888 abrogated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 on other grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12871888 by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12871888\charrsid16401390 Califano v. Sanders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12871888 , 430 U.S. 99 (1977)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 Fagan v. Dell\rquote Isola}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 , we performed a thorough review of a decision of the Worker\rquote 
s Compensation Commissioner and impliedly criticized the Superior Court for not conducting a sufficient review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401390 2006 Guam 11 \'b6 43. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 Unlike }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206353 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 
federal counterparts, the Superior Court is governed by the processes set out in Guam Procurement Law and the Government Claims Act, not the federal Administrative Procedures Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 Since \'93the law and rules of procedure of the Superior Court of Guam\'94 control Superior Court actions in procurement appeals, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12867683 Rules of Civil Procedure apply and additional discovery is allowed to establish the whole record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390\charrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 5 GCA \'a7 6209.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683 Indeed, in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12867683\charrsid4333039 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4333039 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683  the Superior Court authorized }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12867683\charrsid4333039 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683  GTA conducted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12867683\charrsid4333039 discovery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683  only to the extent it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12867683\charrsid4333039 was not previously developed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12867683  before the Public Auditor.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 In instances where parties seek duplicative or irrelevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15950065\charrsid4333039 discovery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 , the other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15950065\charrsid4333039 party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647  may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065  move the Superior Court for an order limiting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15950065\charrsid4333039 discovery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 Guam R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7367681 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 After discovery, the trial court may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 
entertain dispositive motions or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 conduct a trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065 on any outstanding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065\charrsid7239007 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15950065  disputed factual questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11339236\charrsid4333039 
The standard of review when weighing the evidence is supplied by statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 5 GCA \'a7 5704}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14376946  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 First, \'93
[a]ny determination of an issue or a finding of fact by the Public Auditor shall be final and conclusive unless arbitrary, capricious, fraudulent, clearly erroneous, or contrary to law.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11339236 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236  \'a7 5704(a). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 Second, \'93
[a]ny decision of the Public Auditor, including any determination regarding the application or interpretation of the procurement law or regulations, shall be entitled to great weight and the benefit of reasonable doubt, although i
t shall not be conclusive on any court having competent jurisdiction.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11339236 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236  \'a7 5704(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1386703\charrsid4333039 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  means that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1386703 factual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 findings made by the Public Auditor are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 ordinarily not to be re-litigated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 Unless the appealing party successfully challenges the competency or jurisdiction of the original fact-finder\emdash here, the Public Auditor\emdash 
issues of judicial economy, fairness to the parties, and compliance with the purposes of Guam procurement law,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700\charrsid16206700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 5 GCA \'a7 5001(b)(1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 8), counsel against endless re-litigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 In procurement actions, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 he Superior Court could recite the Public Auditor\rquote 
s facts in any decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1386703\charrsid4333039 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1386703  or the parties could reference them by paragraph number in motions for summary judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7239007 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700  should the material facts be uncontested. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16206700\charrsid4333039 ruling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 , t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 he Superior Court may set aside the Public Auditor\rquote s factual findings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 
if they are arbitrary, capricious, fraudulent, clearly erroneous, or contrary to law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 However, the Superior Court has the opportunity to pass on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1386703 legal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  questions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1386703 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1386703 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1386703\charrsid1386703 Marbury v. Madison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 , 5 U.S. 137, 177 (1803)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1386703\charrsid1386703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 (\'93It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 If there is an ambiguous question of law, the Superior Court may reference the conclusions of the Public Auditor and should consider with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1386703\charrsid4333039 great}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703  weight and benefit of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6233301 reasonable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 
doubt the Public Auditor\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1386703\charrsid4333039 conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700\charrsid16206700  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 but is in no way bound to follow them. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16206700 5 GCA \'a7 5704(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471 Appeals from the Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14499471\charrsid4333039 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12864811 heard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14499471  in this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 Limitations on what the Superior Court may consider would
 remove a safeguard in maintaining a procurement system of quality and integrity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 5 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603\charrsid4011105 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603  5001}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11951629 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 (7). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 The Superior Court appropriately allo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12541527 wed discovery to ascertain the whole record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 It also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12452603\charrsid4333039 properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16583513 
 considered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603 both the Public Auditor\rquote s findings and the additional evidence in conducting a thorough and probing review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452603\charrsid1386703 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13386889\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 D. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862 GTA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13386889 Established that the Procurement Record Was Materially Incomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2450862\charrsid2450862 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 Guam law specifies that \'93[e]ach procurement officer shall maintain a complete record of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6163696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 each procurement.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 5 GCA \'a7 5249}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3635798  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1386703 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 The statute further identifies the specific records that must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3044115\charrsid4333039 be kept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3044115 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 \'a7 5249(a)-(e). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 These records include \'93
a log of all communications between government employees and any member of the public, potential bidder, vendor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3635798  or manufacturer which is in any way related to the procurement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3044115 ,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3044115 id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 \'a7 5249(b), and \'93
brochures and submittals of potential vendors, manufacturers or contractors, and all drafts, signed and dated by the draftsman, and other papers or materials used in the development of specifications,\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3044115\charrsid3044115  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3044115 id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3044115 \'a7 5249(d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 The statutes also require a complete record and dictate that \'93[n]o }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3635798 procurement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 award shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15555128\charrsid4333039 be made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128  . . .\'94 without one. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16588340 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15555128\charrsid4333039 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15555128 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 \'a7 5250. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid91072 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11744239 //
\par //
\par //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid11744239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4678023 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 The Public Auditor must substantively engage the evidence in the record.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11744239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 GTA, through the deposition of Dr. Okamura, discovered that the procurement record was missing drafts of the IFB and communications with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  Dr. Okamura\emdash t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 he government-hired expert. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386889  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 The Superior Court, on this basis, vacated the Public Auditor\rquote s 
original decision and remanded for consideration of the new evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 
On remand, the Public Auditor did not engage in a substantive analysis of the evidence or procurement record, but instead }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 simply refused to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 
 change her decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 She stated: \'93No new evidence was presented that alters the Public Auditor\rquote s previously issued Consolidated Decisions.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9193574  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398 RA, tab 77, Ex. A at 6 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2572737 Dec. on Remand, Dec. 15, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398 
); RA, tab 78, Ex. 1 at 6 (Dec. on Remand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2572737 , Dec. 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398 , 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2578514\charrsid9857720 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514  was improper. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 
The Public Auditor, like the Superior Court and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2578514\charrsid4333039 GSA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4333039 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2578514  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2578514\charrsid4333039 is bound}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514  by the language of the procurement statutes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 Once GTA established that the procurement record was incomplete and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514\charrsid7239007 that issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 
 was before the Public Auditor, she was required }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2578514\charrsid9857720 to substantively engage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 it}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 The procurement statute specifies that the Public Auditor
\rquote s decision must be \'93in writing,\'94 5 GCA \'a7 5702}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 , and the Guam Administrative Rules and Regulations state that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 he Public Auditor\rquote s final decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2976567  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113  shall recite the evidence relied upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567 2 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 AR }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15419113 \'a7 12110}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976567 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 This provision contemplates real analysis of the issues. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 Since the trial court properly presented the Public Auditor with questions related to an incomplete procurement record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1313492 \emdash and a complete procurement record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  is required by law for an award}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1313492 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 a reasoned decision was required. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 Because the Public Auditor failed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 to substantively analyze the incomplete record and its potential consequences}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 , w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2578514 e agree with the trial court that the Public Auditor\rquote s decision on remand was \'93devoid of analysis.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10425518\charrsid10425518  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10425518 RA, tab 138 at 7 (Dec. & Order, Aug. 18, 2016).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15555128 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11744239 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid11744239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid4678023 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 Prejudice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 is not required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108  under 5 GCA \'a7 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12541527 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 0.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398 Title 5 GCA \'a7 5250}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  states simply that \'93[n]o procurement award shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid9857720 be made}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  unless . . .\'94 the record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390\charrsid9857720 is certified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  as complete. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 5 GCA \'a7 5250. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 PDS argues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid544172  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  even if the procurement record is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 incomplete}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9857720 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647  GTA must show}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  it was \'93prejudiced\'94 by the incomplete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 ness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 38}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9725520  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12541527 Jan. 13, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9725520 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 Under PDS\rquote s theory, GTA cannot prevail because it was not the lowest bidder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid544172 However, PDS reads a prejudice requirement into 5 GCA \'a7 5250 that does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid544172\charrsid9857720 exist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 
 and fails to capture the complete harm that may result from an incomplete record. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 potential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 harm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15868275  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 is not merely shown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  through a showing of being the lowest bidder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 In this case, GTA presented itself as the lowest bidder for the 1 Gbps service and argued that the GSA\rquote s decision to award only one contract for both the 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps service }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  arbitrary and capricious. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15868275 If the contents of the missing communications and drafts contained information regarding the costs and benefits of linking the 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps services, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 missing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16583513 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  directly address GTA\rquote 
s claims. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 However, the contents of the drafts and communications will never be known}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1313492 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275  as the procurement officers failed to abide by their statutory mandate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  to keep records}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 PDS would have us hold that GTA must show prejudice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 essentially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15868275  by establishing the contents of the missing records. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15868275  would require GTA to prove a negative. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8015398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 The procurement statute does not require this level of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15868275\charrsid9857720 showing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15868275 , which would be impossible for any litigant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12401163\charrsid9857720 Guam procurement law allows that \'93
[a]ny actual or prospective bidder, offeror, or contractor who may be aggrieved in connection with the method of source selection, solicitation or award of a co
ntract, may protest to the Chief Procurement Officer, the Director of Public Works or the head of a purchasing agency.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12401163  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4660768 5 GCA \'a7 5425. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 An aggrieved party is \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5248840 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5248840 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768  party entitled to a remedy.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4660768 See Party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768\charrsid12864811 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768  (10th ed. 2014). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 GTA claims aggrieved-party status by alleging that the single award for 1 Gbps service and 10 Gbps service was improper and by showing it was the lower bidder for the 1 Gbps}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2950566 
 service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 Whether GTA ultimately wins its claimed remedy is a question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4660768\charrsid9857720 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768  litigation, but it
s protest and complaint are sufficient to allow GTA to complain of the procurement award and the incomplete records relating to the award. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4660768 See Twombly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 , 550 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12871888  556}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4660768  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4660768\charrsid7486089 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 well-pleaded complaint rule). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 Our reading of 5 GCA \'a7
 5250 reveals no prejudice requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768 In the absence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4660768\charrsid9857720 of a complete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4660768  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4660768\charrsid9857720 record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4660768 , GTA is entitl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 ed to challenge the award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12401163\charrsid4660768 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid4678023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4678023 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 An appealing party must show that missing procurement records were material to the procurement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15868275 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 we hold that a showing of prejudice is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1863802\charrsid9857720 require}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11752040\charrsid9857720 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 , we do find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 an appealing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11752040 party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 establish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1863802 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  items}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802  missing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  from the procurement record were material to the procurement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516579 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6163696 Precise Sys.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108 , Inc. v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108\charrsid6163696 States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 
, 120 Fed. Cl. 586, 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 -03 (Fed. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516579 l.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 
 2015) (setting aside procurement award for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 materially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  incomplete record); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8863108 cf. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16733072 United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108  ex rel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16733072 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108 
 Harrison v. Westinghouse Savannah River Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 , 352 F.3d 908, 91}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516579 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 
 (4th Cir. 2003) (finding that false statements by procurement bidders must be material to impose liability); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6163696 FMC Corp. v. Manitowoc Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 ,
 835 F.2d 1411, 1414-15 (Fed. Cir. 1987) (finding that documents missing from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 patent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 
 application must be material to hold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 patent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  invalid). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 Missing procurement records are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  as a result of their absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  judicial review is thwarted in determin
ing whether the appealing party is entitled to the relief requested. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16733072  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108 See Material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108\charrsid14812711 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8863108  (10th ed. 2014) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773 \'93
3. Of such a nature that knowledge of the item would affect a person\rquote s decision-making; significant; essential.\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8863108  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172\charrsid8863108 GTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  has satisfied a \'93materiality\'94 standard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11744239 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11744239 \page 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773 its Verified Complaint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 , GTA complain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773 ed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid544172 GSA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 arbitrarily and capriciously}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  failed to split the 1 Gbps service from the 10 Gbps service}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12134060 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  resulting in higher costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773 RA, tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3082773\charrsid13783852 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773  at 2-8 (Verified Compl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5013244 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 The GSA\rquote s 
stated reason for linking the services was that higher administrative costs and confusion would result from multiple providers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6649460 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12134060 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6649460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6649460\charrsid13783852 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6649460 , RA, tab 45 at 1847 (Gov\rquote t Ex. List, Mar. 25, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4344089 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 However, if the savings from multiple providers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 would outweigh 
any additional administrative costs, the GSA would have been required to consider this cost analysis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401390 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 5 GCA \'a7 5001(b)(5).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 
There is no substantive evidence related to the GSA\rquote s conclusion regarding higher administrative costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9857720 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1863802\charrsid9857720 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802  the incomplete record thwarts judicial review of the matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1863802 Complete and thorough judicial review of the cost analysis is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15412647 impossible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 
 in this case because documents from and communications with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 Dr. Okamura, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802 the government-hired expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863802  are missing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875 If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14243875\charrsid13783852 
documents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875  existed, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14243875\charrsid13783852 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9857720\charrsid13783852 ight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875  have supported the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875 overnment\rquote 
s position or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 they might not have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid14243875 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  If the documents contained no analysis of costs, we would still be skeptical of the basis for the GSA\rquote 
s conclusion of higher administrative costs and confusion.  It appears from the record before us that the GSA reached this conclusion without reference t
o any underlying facts or evidence-based analyses.  While we express concern here, the incomplete record otherwise thwarts our review, and we need not decide today whether the absence of this cost analysis renders the procurement arbitrary, capricious, or
 contrary to law.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875  However, it is sufficient for our materiality analysis that the documents may have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9857720\charrsid13783852 includ}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14243875\charrsid13783852 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875  this information}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3082773  and their absence impacts our decision-making}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243875 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9375029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1863802\charrsid13783852 there are material records }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 mis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1863802\charrsid13783852 sing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15412647  from the procurement record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 , GTA\rquote s challenge to Part E of the procurement was proper.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid544172 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid4678023 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4678023 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108 The Superior Court did not exceed its authority in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8863108\charrsid9857720 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8863108\charrsid8863108  Part E of IFB GSA-064-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8863108 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 The Superior Court\rquote s order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  Par
t E is also proper based on the facts of this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 Dr. Okamura\rquote s deposition revealed the incomplete procurement record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1266248 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  on remand to the Public Auditor, the record }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 was not completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6649460 
See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 RA, tab 60 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 at 21, 74 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 (Dep. Tr. of Norman Okamura, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6649460\charrsid9857720 Ph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9857720 .D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 , June 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4076068 9}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 , 2014). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 The trial judge found that the record was materially incomplete and that the rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 ord could not be made complete; he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid13783852 canceled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  the IFB.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6649460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 RA, tab 138 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4076068 7, 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460  (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 Guam procurement law allows both pre-award and post-award procurements to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 be canceled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  or terminated if the solicitation, proposed award, or contract is in violation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid9857720 law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9901342 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9901342 5 GCA \'a7 5451 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11015014 (2005) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 (pre-award remedies); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9901342\charrsid13783852 id}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9901342 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 \'a7 5452 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11015014 (2005) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 (post-award remedies).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 In this case, the Superior Court found the procurement to be in the \'93pre-award\'94 stage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6649460  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 RA, tab 138 at 8 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid16401390 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4678023 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid14812711 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14812711  The parties dispute whether the procurement was \'93pre-award\'94 or \'93post-award.\'94
  While in some cases the election of certain remedies is relevant, cancellation is allowed in both stages.  Even if the trial court\rquote s conclusion regarding the r
ipeness of the award was wrong, the elected remedy is still not an abuse of discretion here. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 
We find no reason to disturb this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15235726\charrsid9857720 finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16401390 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15235726  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401390 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 determine that cancellation and revision were both appropriately considered remedies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 The trial judge properly observed that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 he law requires a complete procurement record. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6649460 5 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 \'a7 5250. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 
When faced with this materially incomplete procurement record, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 he trial judge acted within the law when he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid9857720 canceled}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  Part E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9901342 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 Since GTA showed the procurement record was materially incomplete }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid9857720 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  the trial judge has the authority to cancel an award where the procurement record is incomplete, Part E }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid9857720 was not improperly canceled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2498543 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9206498\charrsid9206498 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1266248  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9206498\charrsid9206498 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9206498 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12787362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 First, because GTA sued PDS in the Superior Court and PDS\rquote s interests }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15235726\charrsid13783852 were adversely impacted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 , we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248\charrsid12074863 conclude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726  that PDS has appellate standing in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15235726\charrsid15235726 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8981246 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12787362 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12787362 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 Second, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11752040\charrsid13783852 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid13783852 ecause}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4354744 \rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4354744  was not properly invoked}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  over Parts A-D and Parts F-J of IFB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498\charrsid9206498  GSA-064-11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 , we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid9206498 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486089 ortion of the Superior Court\rquote s J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 udgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 canceling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  those parts. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1266248  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15235726 Finally,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  since GTA demonstrated that the required procurement record was materially incomplete and the trial judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 cance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4354744 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  Part E consistent with the statutorily }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12257135\charrsid12257135 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid13783852 scribed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  remedies, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9206498 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  the portion }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11752040 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4354744 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11752040\charrsid13783852 court
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486089  J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498 udgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 cance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4354744 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9206498\charrsid12257135 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9206498  Part E of IFB GSA-064-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12787362 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7276304 
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