{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f44\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f53\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f71\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f72\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f73\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f392\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f393\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f485\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f486\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f488\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f489\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f491\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f492\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}
{\f493\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
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\sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \sunhideused \styrsid16611761 footer;}{\*\cs20 \additive \f0\fs24 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid16611761 Footer Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 page number;}{
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\s26\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cgrid \sbasedon0 \snext26 \slink27 footnote text;}{\*\cs27 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink26 \slocked 
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\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cgrid \sbasedon0 \snext30 \slink31 \ssemihidden \sunhideused annotation text;}{\*\cs31 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink30 \slocked \ssemihidden Comment Text Char;}{
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\b\f0\fs20 \slink32 \slocked \ssemihidden Comment Subject Char;}{\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f44\fs18\cgrid 
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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348592 
\chftnsep 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348592 \chftnsepc 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348592 \chftnsep 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid348592 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10557370\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13053052 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid10557370 People v. Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10557370 , 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8802388 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid10557370  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8988604 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10557370 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid5900393 Amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10557370 Opinion\tab \tab Page}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10557370\charrsid15736528  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid10557370\charrsid15736528  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid76768 21}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid10557370\charrsid15736528  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid10557370\charrsid15736528  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid76768 21}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sl-120\slmult0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\fs20\insrsid10557370\charrsid15736528 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par }}{\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13053052 

\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13053052 

\par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13053052 

\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13053052 

\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4402944 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid4402944 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8988604 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid10557370\charrsid478042 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370\charrsid12271518 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370\charrsid15209008 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370 MUKI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14176953 JOSEPH }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1033\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 REDHART}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10557370  CALLAHAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Supreme Court Case No.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9139534 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9139534 A}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9139534 -0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par Superior Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9139534 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802388 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 132-12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10754639 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10754639 AMENDED OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10754639 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10754639 (Amended pursuant to Order dated October 19, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid1596722 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10754639\charrsid15741515 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10754639 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid15741515\charrsid10754639 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid11339190\charrsid11339190 Filed:  October 19, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10557370\charrsid11339190 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11339190\charrsid271537 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10557370 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid8802388 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10557370\charrsid14637041  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid8988604 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid10557370\charrsid14637041 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 ed and submitted on May 18, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr
\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard\plain \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10557370 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 Appearing for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 William Benjamin Pole, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9310374 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Law Offices of Gumataotao & Pole, P.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 115 San Ramon St.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid14176953 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Ste. 301}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6645885 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  969}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid16597833 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 Appearing for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370 Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid9191800 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid10557370\charrsid12271518 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Marianne Woloschuk, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid2362064 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Assistant Attorney General
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of the Attorney General
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Prosecution Division
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 590 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid14176953 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Marine Corps Dr., Ste 706}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tamuning, GU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6645885 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  9691}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10557370\charrsid9139534 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8988604  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 , Chief Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid271537 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 MARAMAN, C.J.:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15075991 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 \tab 
Defendant-Appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Muki Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11034594 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeals his conviction of multiple counts of criminal sexual conduct. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14176953 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He alleges the trial court erred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , under Guam Rule of Evidence 804.1,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  when it granted the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion to take child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7226703 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 witness testimony via closed-circuit television on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of only \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 therapist letters and without an evidentiary hearing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14176953 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 also alleges that the procedure employed when closed-circuit television was unavailable, which had him seated in the back of the courtroom with no view of the witnesses or jury, violated the Confron\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tation Clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14176953 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Finally, he alleges error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, under the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in the exclusion of evidence of molestation he experienced and denial of the assistanc
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e of a defense expert. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the following reasons, we }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6301375 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 vacate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6301375 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 judgment of conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6035634  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Muki Callahan lived with his older sister by adoption and frequently babysat her children.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 February}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2012, Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s sister contacted law enforcement, after her daughter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  K.R.F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 said that Callahan had been sexually abusing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was removed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from the home
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9069582 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the allegations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were investigated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A grand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jury indicted Callahan, then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  sixteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  ye\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ars old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, for multiple charges of criminal sexual conduct related to acts perpetrated against his sister\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s children\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 K.R.F., age eight, and M.J.T., age five.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defense counsel}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  informed the trial court that Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s mental state might be an issue in the matt\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 er.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court ordered a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  evaluation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  7.25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kirk Bellis, D.O., conducted a one-hour, ten-minute evaluation and submitted a letter to the court containing his findings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The letter relates that Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 said he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 was \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 not sure\'94\loch\f0  h\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e knew what }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was doing at the time the incidents occurred and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  did not feel he was in control.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3229637 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3229637\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3229637 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3229637\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , tab 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3229637 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3229637\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid68546 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from Kirk Bellis, D.O. to Hon. James L. Canto II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3229637\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Apr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3229637\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 20, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The letter also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 discloses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years of sexu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 al abuse Callahan suffered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the foster care system and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the years following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 2.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Dr. Bellis wrote that he \'93\loch\f0 
ha[d] no strong diagnostic entities [he] would consider except for depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a possibility of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid8542996 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ttention
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Deficit Hyperactive [Disorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ] . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6035634 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dr. Bellis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 asserted: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On the basis of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the history and from the reports and examination, it may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 that the defendant would not have been substantially affected by any mental state, mental illne\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ss, or mental defect at the time of the alleged offense.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dr. Bellis}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  found that Callahan had no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 strong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  impediment to participation in his defense.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3032450 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid750396 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People obtained a superseding indictment that eliminated allegations of criminal conduct occurring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 prior to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Callah}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s sixteenth birthday and mooted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 a jurisdictional dispute over those claims.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3737982 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 During }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , the People filed a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n ame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
nded superseding indi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ctment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conform}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  charges to the evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Before trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Callahan filed a motion for appointment of a defense expert.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3737982 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan requested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appointment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Mary Katherine }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7100331 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Psy.D.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 MSW, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BSW}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  to \'93\loch\f0 conduct[] a forensic psychological examinat\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ion to determine whether [Callahan]\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s history of violent sexual assault has resulted in any behavior disorder.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3737982 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid750396 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7541754\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (Ex Parte Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7541754 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7541754\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8271464 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8271464\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7541754\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Order for Appointment of Defense Expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid750396\charrsid750396 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid750396\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 3}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7541754\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Dec. 27, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
requested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 evaluation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eactive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ehavior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 similar to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ost-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 raumatic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan represented that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the condition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 provide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a complete defense because a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sufferer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 may be unable to control his actions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court denied Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 finding no support}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eactive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ehavior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder was a full defense or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that Callahan demonstrated the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  appointment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s necessity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In its order, the court held in abeyance the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  motion to present child-witness testimony via video.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People filed a motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  included, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mong other things}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, a request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pursuant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Guam Ru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 le of Evidence 804.1 to take}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 child-witness testimony via closed-circuit television.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan opposed this request.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People subsequently filed two letters fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 m K.R.F. and M.J.T.\hich\f0 \rquote \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s therapist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , which recommended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 During }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  hearing, Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counsel stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  love to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cross examine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 [the therapists], but I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 can\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Transcript (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid4852586\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4852586 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  15 (Mot.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in Limine H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Sep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4852586\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 20, 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The court asked whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 efense doubted the veracity or authenticity of the letters}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the defense stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  it did not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court granted the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion, and Callahan petitioned this court for interlocutory review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We declined }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 interlocutory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On the fourth day \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
of trial, the People and trial court realized that proper arrangements had not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 been made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for the children to testif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y via closed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
circuit television.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 New arrangements would cause a few days\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court proposed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 different \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arrangement,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  which the People supported: Callahan was to sit in the back of the courtroom, with the witnesses\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  view of him obstructed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
One of the two defense attorneys would sit next to him, along with a marshal \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 to prevent him from getting up.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14881029 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6496717\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid6496717\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6496717 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6496717\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6384666 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6496717\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Day 4, Oct. 2, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The second attorney could \'93\loch\f0 
come forward and speak to the examining attorney on [Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s] behalf.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defense objected to this procedure, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ultimately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 receive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a limiting instruction for the jury not t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o put any weight in anyone\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s absence from the courtroom at any time during the proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan was unable to see the witnesses or the jury during this time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While he may also have had trouble hearing the witnesses on occasion, a system }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was devised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
whereby }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the attorney sitting with Callahan would signal out of view of the jury and witness for the judge to instruct the witness to speak up.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10445533 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 efense volunteered to have Callahan also sit in the back of the room, subject to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the same procedures, durin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 g a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 non-child witness to make it harder for the jury to draw inferences from his absence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  during only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  portions of the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The defense raised a concern that members of the jury were glancing back at the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 area}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  courtroom where Callahan was sittin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 g even though they were not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  supposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 to know he was there.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 judge stated that he and the court staff, whom he consulted,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 had not noticed this occurring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  noted that as the jury was walking out, one pe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
rson turned to look \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 but not towards the exact corner and not for an inordinate amount of time.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6496717 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 192}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6496717\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6496717\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Day 5, Oct. 3, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The court also used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 other means to keep Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s presence secret, such as removing the chairs in which Calla\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 han and his counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were seated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 prior to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the jury passing through that area.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 indicated they had not noticed the jury\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s attention drawn to the corner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8914245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Callahan guilty of several instances of first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and second-degree cri\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 minal sexual conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court sentenced Callahan to thirty years\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  imprisonment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counsel }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 timely appeal his conviction, and the trial court denied a motion to extend }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in which to file the appeal because counsel faile
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d to \'93\loch\f0 put forth any substantive reason why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid750396 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  admitted neglect is somehow excusable or why there is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 otherwise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  good cause . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 191 at 2 (Order Denying }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10242409\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ext}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11994209 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Time Filing Notice Appeal, June 27, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid5787037 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan appealed this \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 denial;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  we reversed and remanded for reconsideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid5787037 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2015 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  39.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16128357 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On remand, the trial court denied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid9069582\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 agai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Callahan filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15206541 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The court granted \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the petition, vacating and re-entering judgment in the underlying case and instructing the clerk of court to issue a new notice of entry on the docket.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15206541 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan then filed a timely appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11034594 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After briefing concluded, this court requested, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3235751 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , supplemental briefing concerning }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the appropriate standard of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  review. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7370304 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We also granted in part the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion to supplement the record with the therapist letters\hich\f0 \emdash 
\loch\f0 omitted from the record by mistake. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7370304 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The People had requested these letters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  und\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 er seal, but we ordered redacted versions filed on the public docket.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid680436\charrsid13912118 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 II. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7370304  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577019  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
115-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10577019 231}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802388 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 )); 7 GCA \'a7
\'a7 3107, 3108(a) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 ; 8 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  130.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802388 
(a) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10641911 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tx7260\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10577019 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We review questions of law, including constitutional questions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10577019 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v. Kitano}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2011 Guam 11 \'b6\loch\f0  17 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Confrontation C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lause); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6\loch\f0  13 (due process); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ada v. Guam Tel. Auth.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1999 Guam 10 \'b6\loch\f0  10 (statutory interpretation).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11797100 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
We review the denial of a \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 request for public funds to hire an expert\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0  for an abuse of discretion.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11797100 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2003 Guam 1 \'b6\loch\f0  15 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v. Labansat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 94 F.3d 527, 530 (9th Cir. 1996)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 IV. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11797100  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 alleges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  his rights to due process and confrontation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were violated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court granted the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion to take child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7226703 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 witness testimony }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by means of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  clo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sed-circuit television without an evidentiary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10186553 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8914245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7226703 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8914245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  argues the therapist letters the trial court reviewed when granting the motion were facially insufficient. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7226703 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argues that the procedure used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to shield the child witnesses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  violated the Confrontation Clause}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7226703 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Second, h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e alleges his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  constitutional right to a fair trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was violated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
by the exclusion of evidence that he was previously molested and by the denial of a court-appointed defense expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3699220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid7025065 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid68546 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6756134 A.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 Callahan
\rquote s Sixth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8802388 Amendment Confrontation Clause R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 ights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8802388 Were V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 iolated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9396753 The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 Amendment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  made applicable to Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9396753  through the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Organic Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9396753 
, provides: \'93In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9396753  to be confronted with the witnesses against him}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7226703 ; . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9396753 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7226703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370 U.S. Const. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . VI; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid16008338 see also
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9706291 48 U.S.C.A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7226703 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9706291  \'a7 1421b(g), (u)}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid68546  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid68546\charrsid10641911 (Westlaw through Pub. L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid68546 115-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4400853 231}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid68546\charrsid10641911  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid68546 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14712482 ))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4400853  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 The Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, made applicable to Guam through the Organic Act, reads: \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid2241542 No State shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid2241542  deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4400853 
;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582  . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid8802388 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4400853  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid8802388 U.S. Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . XIV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8802388 , \'a7 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid2241542 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid9706291 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7434254 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582  \'a7 1421b(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 e), (u); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 Guam Soc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid6846588 \rquote y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588  of Obstetricians & Gynecologists v. Ada}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 , 962 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8802388 .2d 1366, 1370 (9th Cir. 1992) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 (\'93
The Mink Amendment . . . expressly extends to Guam the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8802388  . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7434254  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 \'93
[D]ue process is flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the particular situation demands. . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13525884  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 [N]ot all situations 
calling for procedural safeguards call for the same kind of procedure.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13525884  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid14683039 Morrissey v. Brewer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370 , 408 U.S. 471, 481 (1972).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid14712482 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2182543 1.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10557370\charrsid9725642 The trial court erred in not providing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370\charrsid9725642  an evidentiary hearing on the government\rquote 
s motion to shield the child witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan claims that his due process rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were violated}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  when the trial court denied him an evidentiary hearing on the People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion to take child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 witness testimony via closed-circuit television. He argues that he should have been allowed to cross-exam\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ine K.R.F. and M.JT.\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s therapist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 who offered letters in support of the motion.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Guam Rule of Evidence 804.1(a) allows a trial court in cases involving \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 physical, sexual or mental abuse of a child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  to \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid1276650 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 order that the testimony of a child victim be take
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n outside the courtroom and shown in the courtroom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by means of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid1276650 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  closed-circuit television}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5520257 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam R. Evid. 804.1(a). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court must determine that a particular child (1) will suffer serious emotional distress (2) as a result of the defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s presen
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ce (3) resulting in the child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid9069582 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to reasonably communicate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam R. Evid. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8802388 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 804.1(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5520257 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15097697 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v. Maryland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 97 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
836, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 56 (1990)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
All three components of the finding are necessary.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The text of Rule 804.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  does not require a hearing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4466505 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam R. Evid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 804.1(c)(1) (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In [making this determination], the judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 observe and question the child either inside or outside the courtroom and hear testimony of a parent or custodian of the child or any other person, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
including a person who has dealt with the child in a therapeutic setting.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Additionally, t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12941765 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he United States Supreme Court\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
when allowing testimony via closed-circuit television in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 explicitly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 state that an evidentiary hearing\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is necessary before a court decides to deviate from standard confrontation procedures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\insrsid5328020 
\chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020  The version of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid5328020 Maryland }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020 law the Supreme Court passed upon in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020  did not contain the permissive language. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4996773  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020 That appears to have been added to the Maryland law at a later date before }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid5328020 appearing in our own statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020 . 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4996773  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326  Guam R. Evid. 804.1, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326  Md. Code Ann., Crim. Proc. \'a7 11-303 (Westlaw through 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4996773 8}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326  Regular Session), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020\charrsid6501326 , 497 U.S. at 840 n.1 (replicating the text of the Maryland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5328020  statute passed upon in full). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14712482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13525884  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14712482 See generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14712482 497 U.S. 836}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13525884  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 However, the trial court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12941765 did in fact hold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  a full hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid5328020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11871248 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11871248 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11871248 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11871248 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In support of its motion invoking the one-way closed circuit television procedure, the State presented expert testimony }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 . . . .\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15946893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  instructs that \'93\loch\f0 [t]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid13061352 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court must hear evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15946893 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13525884 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 97 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid4996773 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4996773 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4996773 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4996773 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Eight Hundred, Inc. v. Fla.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Dep\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of Rev}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid4996773 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 enue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15946893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 837 So. 2d 574, 576 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003) (
\'93\loch\f0 Representations by an attorney for one of the parties regarding the facts, and documents attached as exhibits to a mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12941765 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ion, do not constitute evidence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15946893 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4996773 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Further, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
State v. Vogelsberg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12941765 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4996773 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
2006 W\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I App 228, 297 Wis. 2d 519, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12941765 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 724 N.W.2d 649,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  a case cited by the People, \'93\loch\f0 [t]he court took testimony on the motion from the child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s stepmother and his counselor.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4996773 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12941765 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4996773 \'b6 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid10369079 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability\hich\f0 \emdash 
\loch\f0 and our own\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 to provide a case where no evidentiary hearing was required }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4615123 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 when requested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  before employing closed-circuit procedures suggests hearings regularly occur. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3410967 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Even if such a case existed, we would not necessarily adopt the rea\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 soning. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3410967 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
That the face-to-face confrontation requirement is not absolute does not, of course, mean that it may easily }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be dispensed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  with.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3410967 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 497 U.S. at 850.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3410967 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o hold that this requirement of confrontation could be set aside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on the basis of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 unsworn }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 etters, over objection by the defense, would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 easily dispense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid11933538 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of that right}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3410967 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We hold that, when requested, an evidentiary hearing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  on Rule 804.1 motions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11871248 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In addition to the failure to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11933538 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  hold a hearing, the therapists\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  letters do not facially\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 meet the elements of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8464900 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 804.1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8464900 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The therapists}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8464900 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  letters for both children detail the post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorder each suffers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8464900 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Callahan, CRA16-015 (Notice Submission Redacted Doc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8464900 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -2 (May 1, 2017))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The letters also detail the children\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s fears, especially of Callahan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12736467 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 or K.R.F., the therapist concludes, \'93\loch\f0 
Based on the physical threats that were paired with the abuse/rape that [K.R.F.] experienced, and [K.R.F.]\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s continued anxiety and fear f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
or her safety, it is strongly recommended that she be afforded an opportunity to testify in a confidential setting, separate from Mr. Callahan.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid3439626 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid680436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at Ex. 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The letter addressing M.J.T.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  discloses that he has frequent flashbacks that make \'93\loch\f0 his daily lif
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e emotionally difficult to manage.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at Ex. 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
For M.J.T., the therapist recommends:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14712482 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 With regard to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  testifying, [M.J.T.] has expressed intense fear of contact, regardless of the type, with the alleged perpetrator. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The mere discussion of going to Guam\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 triggered PTSD symptoms and an overall regression in his daily functioning. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[M.J.T.] also believes Mr. Callahan can still hurt, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  even though he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is incarcerated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Because of his level of fear, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is strongly recommended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be afforded an opportu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nity to testify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 in a confidential setting, separate from Mr. Callahan. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10557370 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9788911 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
While the letters contain evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ence of the first two elements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  required by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4663237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 804.1(a)(2)\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 serious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
emotional distress (2) becau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se of the defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s presence\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nothing indicates that the children will be unable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to reasonably communicate as a result}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, expert testimony found that the children \'93\loch\f0 wouldn\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 t be able to communicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12803495\charrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12803495 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 effectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  or would \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 become extremely timid and unwilling to talk.\'94
\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11802870 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 497 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t 842 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11802870 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 560 A.2d 1120, 1128-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11802870 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 29 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Md. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11802870 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1989)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Evidence of the child\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability to reasonably communicate is required. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is absent here. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid11802870 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A record regarding Rule 804.1\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s three elements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is best made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at an evidentiary hearing whe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
re the defendant has the opportunity to confront and cross-examine the witnesses against him or her. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Here, the trial court relied on insufficient letters and denied Callahan the opportunity to examine the therapist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  under oath.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People argue that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
any error in not holding an evidentiary hearing was harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s26\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\insrsid8718545 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 In the People\rquote s Supplemental Brief, they materially misstate the harmless error analysis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 The People suggest that this court must find beyond a reasonable doubt that the lack of testimony contr
ibuted to the verdict obtained in order to reverse. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid12536760 Appellee\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4140310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4140310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 Br. at 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid14712482  (May 11, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 This is wrong. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 The harmless error analysis }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 requires}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545  reversal unless this court is convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545  contribute to the verdict obtained. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10051034  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 See People v. Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid8718545 , 2012 Guam 3 \'b6 41.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
In their supplemental brief, the People contend that the failure to conduct a required evidentiary hearing is harmless \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 if the evidence presented at trial sufficiently establishes\'94\loch\f0  the factual\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 basis of the underlying issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
. Br. at 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (May 11, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  States v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545\charrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dhinsa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 243 F.3d 635, 656 (2d Cir. 2001)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Even if this is the general rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , no evidence in the therapists}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 letters or at trial showed that the children would be unable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to reasonably communicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The People point to the children\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 fragility\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 their ongoing psychological problems.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10051034\charrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (citing Tr. at 107, 115-16 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Day 5, Oct. 3, 2013); Tr. at \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 46-48 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Day 6, Oct. 4, 2013)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
While relevant to the emotional distress element, the children\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s fragility }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  psychological issues alone do not establish an inability to communicate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid3111587 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid3111587\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 needed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to show that the trauma was such tha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
t testifying in Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s presence would result in the children\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to reasonably communicate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15097697 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam R. Evid. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 804.1(a); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid15097697 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 97 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 56. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a necessary element was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ot}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  established}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid6846588 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court erred in granting the motion to take }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538\charrsid7800081 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10051034 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11933538\charrsid7800081 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 witness testimony via closed-circuit television}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid14712482 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3104319 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court erred in screening the defendant during the testimony of the child witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10557370\charrsid2452390 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Despite the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s grant of a motion to
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  take child testimony via closed-circuit television, a miscommunication between the trial court and the People resulted in the proper arrangements not being made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10383269 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid680436  15-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 24 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10383269  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Day 4, Oct. 2, 2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10383269  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Instead of delaying the trial to make the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arrangements, the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  decided to employ a novel procedure. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid4591905 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid680436  at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13855105  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was required }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to leave the defense table and listen to testimony in the corner of the courtroom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Callahan could not see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the jury and child witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid4591905 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Similarly, the jury and witnesses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were shielded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from Callahan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court instructed the jury not to mak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1527123 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e inferences based on Callahan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s absence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  23, 203}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -04}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this novel procedure is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at odds with Rule 804.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Due Process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Clauses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, and the Confrontation Clause. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan alleges the following specific errors: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he was unable to see the jury or the child witnesses}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the jury saw he was conspicuously absent from the defense table during this period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (3) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he had trouble hearing the testimony and communicating with counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the jury knew he was in the back of the room}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid680436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. 26-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Mar. 2, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13855105 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Without reaching }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of all the factual matters in Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s claims, we find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the novel procedure is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 clearly prohibited by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy v. Iowa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 487 U.S. 1012 (1988). 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 , the Court held that placing a screen between the defendant and the child witness violated \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the right to face-to-face confrontation.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 487 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1020. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While it is true that the U.S Supreme Court approved of child testimony via closed-circuit television in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Maryland v. Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 497 U.S. 836, nothing in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  changes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Because Callahan was screened from the witness and could not observe the testimony, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  controls here. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Confrontation Clause violations here are nearly indistinguishable from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In fact, they are worse because Callahan was also screened from the jury and removed from the defense table. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9070914 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8662732 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are not confronted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  with the use of digit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
al }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid3111587 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 video}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid3111587 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid3111587 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conferencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 programs or other methods that might strike the same balance as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9070914 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9070914 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 closed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
-circuit television. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are confronted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 with a procedure eerily similar to, if not worse than, that prohibited by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Our decision does not undermine Rule\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 804.1 testimony; it condemns the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 novel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 procedure used here.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
It is worth stressing that the People and the court created this problem, but Callahan was made to suffer the consequences. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam courts have adopted procedures the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 United States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supreme Court passed upon, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ompare}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam R. Evid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid9056441\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 804.1, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid9516040 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 497 U.S. at 840 n.1\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
procedures that have withstood judicial testing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The trial court denied Callahan his confrontation and due proce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ss rights when, to avoid a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  delay, it deviated from Rule\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  804.1 and used a prohibited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 screening }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 procedure.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Far from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid3111587\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 onfusing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, our decision today strengthens Rule 804.1 because it reinforces it as a valid, albeit narrow, exception to a defenda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s rights under the Confrontation Clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Confro\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ntation Clause violations, along with other constitutional errors, are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  subject to harmless-error review. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9056441 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid5264428 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid5264428 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 487 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 102}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12536760 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid5380270 \'93
Guam has codified the harmless error doctrine in Rule 130.50(a) of the Guam Rules of Criminal Procedure and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10557370\charrsid5380270  Rule 103(a) of the Guam Rules of Evidence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12536760 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid15283096 Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid5380270 , 2009 Guam 2 \'b6 53.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 For }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  of a constitutional magnitude, we adhere to the requirements of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid10315314 Chapman v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , 386 U.S. 18 (1967)\emdash an error must be harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12536760 Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12536760 , 386 U.S. at 24; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12536760 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10557370\charrsid10315314 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370  also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid10315314 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid10315314 
, 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12536760 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  n.15. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 Certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  errors, however, are so significant that they constitute structural error. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16608256 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12536760 Unites States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370  v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9056441 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 
 Cronic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , 466 U.S. 648}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256 , 659}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  (1984). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Structural errors are limited but include denial of counsel at critical stages, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 see id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
, biased judges, denial of a public trial, and seriously defective reasonable doubt instructions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16608256 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 Neder v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12536760 United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , 527 U.S. 1, 7-8 (1999). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
Structural errors defy harmless error review and are subject to automatic reversal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16608256 Neder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256\charrsid16608256  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256 U.S. at 7-8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 e find the error to be structural. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 If this case were no worse than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , harmless error analysis would apply. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 However, Callahan was removed from the defense table and was unable to fully perceive and participate in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256 one of }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 the most critical stage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16608256 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  of the proceeding against him\emdash the presentation of the victims\rquote 
 testimony implicating him in the crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 Testimony, via }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid3111587 closed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3111587\charrsid3111587 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid3111587 
circuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  television under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545 Craig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 , allows a defendant to see and perceive the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 was denied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  that ability.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 The removal of Callahan deprived him of meaningful access to his primary trial counsel at a critical stage. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 The United States Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8718545  found that it is structural error \'93when counsel was either }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 totally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 absent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  or prevented from assisting the accused during a critical stage of the proceeding.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545 See Cronic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 , 466 U.S. at 659 n.25. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 
Further, the exclusion of the defendant violates his right to be present. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545 Cf. Diaz v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545  States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 , 223 U.S. 442, 455 (1912) (cited with approval in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8718545 Taylor v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545  States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 
, 414 U.S. 17, 19 (1973)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9056441  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8809679 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 
 exclusion from perceiving the trial and corresponding separation from trial counsel was a \'93constitutional error of the first magnitude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  no amount of showing of want of prejudice would cure it.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545 See Davis v. Alaska}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 
, 415 U.S. 308, 318 (1974)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7950091  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7950091 Brookhart v. Janis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7950091 , 384 U.S. 1, 3 (1966))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8718545 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7950091 In addition to impeding meaningful consultation with his lawyer, Callahan\rquote 
s absence from the defense table left the jury to speculate about the reasons for his absence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 Our conclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8718545\charrsid8809679 is reinforced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  because these errors were the direct result of the trial court employing a procedure for victim testimony specifically condemned in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545 Coy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 While juries are presumed to follow instructions, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1713491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid8809679  e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 Penry v. Johnson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 
, 532 U.S. 782, 799 (2001), juries are still comprised of human beings and there are certain common-sense limits to the general rule, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1713491 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 e.g.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 Bruton v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 , 391 U.S. 123, 135 (1968) (\'93[T]he practical and human limitations of the jury system cannot be ignored.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid6950512 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10557370\charrsid6950512 United States v. Martinez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370\charrsid6950512 , 514 F.2d 334, 343 (9th Cir. 1975) (\'93We do not think that the court\rquote 
s prompt cautionary instruction could \lquote unring the bell.\rquote \'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 A curing instruction }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  insufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781  here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1713491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Therefore, we hold that, where a defendant has not waived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15157296 or relinquished his or her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
 right to be present,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7497781 see, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7497781\charrsid7497781 
Illinois v. Allen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781\charrsid7497781 , 397 U.S. 337}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7734997 , 342-44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7497781\charrsid7497781  (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7497781 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370  an objected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7673958 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 
to and involuntary exclusion of a defendant from a critical stage of his or her trial constitutes structural error.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 Because Callahan was involuntarily excluded from the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8718545  and separated from his attorney in a way that interfered with his ability to participate in his defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 , while the primary witnesses against him were testifying, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 the error is structural}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10557370 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7673958  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8718545 
Automatic reversal is required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid16720779 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid14712482 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 B.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 bused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 iscr
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 etion by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 efusing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ppoint a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 efense }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12594791 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 xpert.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[The United States Supreme] Court has long recognized that when a State brings its judicial power to bear on an indigent defendant in a criminal proceeding, it must take steps to assure that the defendan\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
t has a fair opportunity to present his defense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ake v. Oklahoma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 470 U.S. 68, 76 (1985). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93
\loch\f0 Whether rooted directly in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, or in the Compulsory Process or Confrontation clauses of the Sixth Amendment, the C\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 onstitution guarantees criminal defendants }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Crane v. Kentucky}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 476 U.S. 683, 690 (1986) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 internal }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 California v. Trombetta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 467 U.S. 479, 485 (1984))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7950091 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
hen a defendant has made a preliminary showing that his sanity at the time of the offense is likely to be a significant factor at trial, the Constitution requires that a State provide access to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8485554 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 psychiatrist\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s assistance on this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  issue if the defendant can\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
not otherwise afford one.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 470 U.S. at 74.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, we stated that a denial of a request for public funds to hire an expert is reviewed for abuse of discretion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2003 Guam 1 \'b6\loch\f0  15. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We articulated the following test: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid750396 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ust show that the lack of an expert deprived him of effec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tive assistance of counsel . . . . [by] demonstrat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [ing] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that reasonably competent counsel would have required the assistance of the requested expert for a paying client, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid750396 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that he was prejudic\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the lack of expert assistance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Prejudice must be shown by clear and convincing evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (alterations in original) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Labansat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 94 F.3d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1985483 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  530). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8991405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Appointment is required and prejudice is established when a defendant shows: (1) that he\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  or she is financially unable to pay the fees of the witness; and (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518\charrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the presence of the witness is necessary to an adequate defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 8 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  75.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2361779 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15860518 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2003 Guam 1 \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  16-17. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defendant must show his inability to pay and specifically articulate the necessity of the expert. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2003 Guam 1 \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  20-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429\charrsid15860518 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Because t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court did not question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and the parties do not dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s financial need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ee }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 84 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
-4 (Dec. & Order, May 17, 2013), this case implicates }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the second element as to whether Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s requested expert was necessary to an adequate defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In a pre-trial motion, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan requested that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the court appoint }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7100331 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 to \'93\loch\f0 
conduct[] a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  forensic psychological examination to determine whether [Callahan]\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s history of violent sexual assault has resulted in any behavior disorder.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1985483 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Ex Parte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11300548\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11300548 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11300548\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14438950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14438950\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Order for Appointment of Defense Expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid750396\charrsid750396 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid750396\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1985483 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Dec. 27, 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Specifically, Callahan was to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be evaluated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eactive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ehavior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 similar to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ost-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 raumatic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Callahan represented to the court that such a finding may constitute a complete defense because a person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with the disorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  m\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ay be unable to control his actions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  denied the motion for appointment of a defense expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , because it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid15998083 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that (1) Dr. Bellis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8809679\charrsid6846588 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a court-appointed expert, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid15998083 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 opined}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  that \'93\loch\f0 [Callahan] suffers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 no men}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid15497227 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 tal illness, disease or defect\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12588447 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2) Call\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s ability to question Dr. Bellis, who has shown no sign of being uncooperative, on the stand or to cross-examine him if necessary using the information gleaned from consulting with Dr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid7100331 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8809679\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid8809679\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was unimpeded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; and (3) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370\charrsid6846588 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 no authority indicated that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
sexually reactive behavior disorder is a complete defense to criminal liability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737\charrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3833628 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4532737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 84 at 2-4 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557370\charrsid12942771 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 
First, Callahan has established that he was prejudiced because the presence of the witness was necessary to an adequate defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3833628  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he S\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 uperior Court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s finding that \'93\loch\f0 Dr. Bellis . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 that he suffers from no mental illness, disease or defect,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 clearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3833628 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dr. Bel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s letter to the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 states: \'93\loch\f0 
At this point, I have no strong diagnostic entities I would consider\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 except for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a possibility of Attention Deficit Hyperactive [Disorder] . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3833628 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 24 at 4 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from Kirk Bellis, D.O. to Hon. James L. Canto II}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In other words, Dr. Bellis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did find}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that Callahan may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12589236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Additionally, Dr. Bellis performed a brief forensic analysis that appeared to be aimed at competency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to stand trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , while Callahan sought an expert regarding culpability. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid9517000 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Ake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9517000 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 470 U.S. at\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 68 (finding the appointment of a defense expert required for sanity even after a c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4008197 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ompetenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9517000 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y evaluation had been completed).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Unlike cases where an expert is requested to review for \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 any possible defenses,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid9064849 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 State v. Pierce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid9064849 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 488 S.E.2d 576, 58}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid9064849 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 N.C. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid9064849 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1997)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Callahan made a detailed request to try and mount a defense to the charges. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 requested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a specific doctor to examine him for a specific condition that shares specific features with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ost-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 raumatic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 a condition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for which}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e court-appointed expert }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found clinical indicators}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12327108 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 While it is true, as the trial court observed, that \'93\loch\f0 [t]he m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6828204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ere hope or suspicion of the availability of certain evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ence that might erode the State\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6828204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s case or buttress a defense will not suffice to satis\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fy the requirement that defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 demonstrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6828204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a threshold showing of specific }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 necessity for expert assistance,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
RA, tab 84 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3 (Dec. & Order) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12861615 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6828204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2003 Guam 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  24), the defense\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s request was specific enough to overcome this standard.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In an attempt to show that a court-appointed defense expert was not necessary to Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s defense, the People draw our attention to Dr. Bellis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s statement that any consideration of mental disease or defect was irrelevant because Callahan denied involvem\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt and guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid5125602 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 40 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 24 at 4 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from Kirk Bellis, D.O. to Hon. James L. Canto II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, the text of Dr. Bellis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s letter reveals contradictions in Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s statements. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While Callahan denied involvement, he also d\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
eclared that he may not have \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 kn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [own]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  what he was doing at the time,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 in control at the time.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 24 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from Kirk Bellis, D.O. to Hon. James L. Canto II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 The latter statements contradict Dr. Bellis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estimation that co\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
nsideration of mental disease or defect was irrelevant, as evidence of such mental defect would have been relevant in establishing that Callahan lacked the requisite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid16343184 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for the charged offense.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s38\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14712482 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Additionally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he Superior Court found that Callaha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n failed to provide authority indicating that sexually reactive behavior disorder is a complete defense to criminal liability. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 84 at 2-4 (Dec. & Order). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Title}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  7.16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s38\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15157296 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 person is not criminally responsible for conduct if at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental illness, disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or understand what he was doing, or to know or understand that his conduct was wrong
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ul, or to control his actions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s38\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15157296 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s38\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14712482 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  7.16 (2005). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Although Callahan does not cite any case law specific to sexually reactive behavior disorder, he does cite 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  7.16, and he explains: \'93\loch\f0 Defense counsel\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s understanding of this behavior is that, similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, a person who su\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 fers from sexually reactive behavior may be unable to control his actions.\'94\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15157296 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Ex Parte Mot. & Order for Appointment of Def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10826772 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15157296\charrsid15157296 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15157296\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1985483 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Dec. 27, 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defense counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 informed the court that the disorder may be a complete defense to liability. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Although Callahan failed to articulate in great detail the nuances of sexually reactive behavior disorder, his invocation of 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  7.16 and post-traumatic stress disorder\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
along with his explanation of the mechanism by which the defense would work, nam\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ely, through negation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 reasonably placed the disorder within the probable bounds of Guam
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s diminished capacity defense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Jung}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2001 Guam 15 (discussing Guam\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s broad application of the diminished capacity doctrine).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118\charrsid15949335 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is also clear from the record that the lack of a defense expert resulted in a continuously shifting defense strategy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan, at an early stage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 raised the possibility of a mental disease or defect defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
RA, tab 50 at 2 (Def.\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s First Witness List\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Notice of Def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Dec. 18, 2012). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12264897 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
However, due to the absence of an expert to support diminished capacity, the defense signaled in opening statements they would be pursuing factual innocence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15738827 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15738827 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 27-28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sept}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 27}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 201\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
This case is about false allegations from two accusers, ages four and eight at the time of the alleged incident.\'94\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This defense was limited by the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 as was demonstrated by closing arguments, which were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid11040920 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
devoted almost solely to doubt regarding\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the date of occurrence\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 not Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s complete lack of involvement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs28\super\insrsid12874118 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118  The defense stopped short of any concession on the issue of factual innocence. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid15738827 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 154}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Day }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Oct. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 This case is all about time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
And the evidence that you have is [the mother] saying that she believes, that she believes that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 this occurred in July.\'94\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defense wanted to pursue a diminished capacity defense, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15157296 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Ex Parte Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12653500\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Order for Appointment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Defense Expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15157296\charrsid15157296 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15157296\charrsid6185502 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1985483 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Dec. 27, 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), but was forced instead to pursue factual innocence after the appointment of Dr. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7100331 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was denied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12653500 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Without the assistance of Dr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7100331 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Callahan was unable to mount an adequate defense and was forced to alter his defense theory.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 
Second, Callahan has demonstrated how competent counsel would have required the assistance of the requested expert. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11938121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
As noted above, Dr. Bellis examined Callahan and found that Callahan may suffer from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 post-traumatic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tress }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid9312995 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11938121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, Dr. Bellis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s examination appeared to be aimed at competency, while Callahan sought an expert regarding culpa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 bility. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11938121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 For example, on the issue of mental capacity, Dr. Bellis stated: \'93
\loch\f0 The defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s mental state would not preclude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the defendant from having had substantial capacity to understa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd what the defendant was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
doing or to control}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11938121 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11938121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 24 at 4 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482\charrsid6185502 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Letter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482\charrsid15157296 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kirk Bellis, D.O.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14712482 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to Hon. James L. Canto II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11938121 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Notably absent from Dr. Bellis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s letter is a distinct opinion as to whether he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 actually}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 believed that Callahan \'93\loch\f0 lacked substantial capacity to know or understand what he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 doing,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118\charrsid8718545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 or to know or understand that his conduct was wrongful, or to control his actions.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11938121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12874118 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 9 GCA \'a7 7.16. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11938121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 Given that Dr. Bellis\rquote 
s examination was incomplete in terms of consideration of culpability and of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eactive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ehavior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 , Dr. Bellis\rquote s cooperativeness on the stand is irrelevant. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11938121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 Dr. Bellis would have been unable to answer questions regarding his opinion on Callahan\rquote s culpability and on whether Callahan suffered from }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eactive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ehavior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 isorder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11938121  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Although litigants and their 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 attorneys are often expected to find other ways to \'93\loch\f0 educate [themselves] regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 particular scientific discipline,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid4532163 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2003 Guam 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12942771 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 21 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 State v. Newton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 347 S.E.2d 81, 83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 84 (N.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 App.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid2387506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1986)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), these methods have limits. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8589949 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [T]he abilit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
y to subpoena a state examiner and to question that person on the stand does not amount to the expert assistance required by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ake}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8589949 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Starr v. Lockhart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 23 F.3d 1280, 1288-89 (8th Cir. 1994), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
superseded by statute on other grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Antiterrorism and \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Effective Death Penalty Act, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as recognized in Williams v. Norris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid8718545 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 576 F.3d 850, 865 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8th Cir. 2009)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid7485334 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8589949 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 Knowledge of Callahan\rquote s mental state and potential trauma-based conditions\emdash left undeveloped by the state\rquote s expert, Dr
. B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197 ellis\emdash was necessary for a compe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 tent defense attorney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid11036529 to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118 adequately prepare and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid6846588 properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118\charrsid6846588 present Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12874118 \rquote s case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8589949  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4008197 See United States v. Pete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4008197 , 819 F.3d 1121, 1134 (9th Cir. 2016) (\'93Because [the defendant] \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197\charrsid4008197 requested expert services in furtherance of a claim that would, if meritorious, ch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197 ange the outcome of the case,\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197\charrsid4008197 he was prejudiced by not having access to the expert he requested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4008197 \'94
 (citation omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1003570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 
Therefore, competent counsel would have required the assistance of the requested expert, Dr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7100331 Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12874118 , on these issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Because Callahan demonstrated his inability to pay and the necessity of Dr. Fegurgur\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s testimony to his defense, he was prejudiced by the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s denial of his request for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118\charrsid12654786 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 public funds to hire an expert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1003570 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Moreover, Callahan has\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 demonstrated that competent counsel would have required the assistance of the requested expert. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1003570 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12874118 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accordingly, the trial court abused its discretion and Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s conviction must be reversed on this claim as well.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid7485334 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid13963421 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3954429\charrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We Decline to Address Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Other\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Claims of Error.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan raises additional claims of error, including the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s refusal to admit evidence that Callahan himself was previously molested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13963421 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1003570 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Rep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ly Br. 6-7 (Apr. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429\charrsid12942771 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 17, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1003570 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, since we are reversing and remandi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ng on other bases, we need not address these claims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4874386 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as they can be reviewed fresh on remand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3954429 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3954429\charrsid3954429  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1003570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3954429 See Hemlani v. Hemlani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3954429 , 2015 Guam 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3954429\charrsid11099569 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4874386\charrsid11099569 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3954429  33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4874386 -34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3954429 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3954429\charrsid8718545 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12715257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1003570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10557370 CONCLUSION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3045990 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15686045 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3045990 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3045990 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 Because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Superior Court violated Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s rights under the Confrontation Clause and abused\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 its discretion in denying his request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for public funds to hire an exper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 REVERSE}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 VACATE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Callahan\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s judgment of conviction, and we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10754639\charrsid12059230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the case to the Superior Court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\dbch\af37\noproof\insrsid10557370 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178351 
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