{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff31507\deff0\stshfdbch31506\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31507\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Garamond;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f60\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f61\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f63\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f381\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}
{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f430\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f431\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}{\f433\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}
{\f434\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f437\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31533\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}
{\fhimajor\f31534\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31573\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fhiminor\f31574\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;
\caccentone\ctint255\cshade191\red54\green95\blue145;\caccentone\ctint255\cshade255\red79\green129\blue189;\chyperlink\ctint255\cshade255\red0\green0\blue255;\cfollowedhyperlink\ctint255\cshade255\red128\green0\blue128;}{\*\defchp \f31506\fs22 }
{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid11685776 Normal;}{
\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink34 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid1589855 heading 1;}{
\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf18\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink33 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid14425545 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
\ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\snext15 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid884012 No Spacing;}{\*\ts16\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon11 \snext16 \spriority59 \styrsid9376463 
Table Grid;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \sunhideused \styrsid8677580 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid8677580 Header Char;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \sunhideused \styrsid8677580 footer;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid8677580 Footer Char;}{
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext21 \slink22 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8677580 footnote text;}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20 \sbasedon10 \slink21 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid8677580 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs23 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid8677580 footnote reference;}{\*\cs24 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10823757 annotation reference;}{
\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10823757 annotation text;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10823757 Comment Text Char;}{
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon25 \snext25 \slink28 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10823757 annotation subject;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20 \sbasedon26 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10823757 Comment Subject Char;}{
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10823757 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16 \sbasedon10 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid10823757 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs31 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf19 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid6317668 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf20 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid12132136 FollowedHyperlink;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31503\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\cf18\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501 \sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \ssemihidden \spriority9 \styrsid14425545 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31503\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf17\loch\f31502\hich\af31502\dbch\af31501 \sbasedon10 \slink1 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid1589855 Heading 1 Char;}{\s35\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext35 \shidden \ssemihidden \styrsid7347560 Revision;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1882698370\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698709\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid440146313}{\list\listtemplateid-1648733570\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698709\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
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{\title 2018 Guam 12}{\subject People v. Santos, CRQ18-001}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria J. Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2018\mo9\dy19\hr9\min47}{\revtim\yr2018\mo9\dy19\hr9\min48}{\printim\yr2018\mo9\dy7\hr13\min54}{\version4}{\edmins1}
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5058461 
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\f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid11685776 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid16016772 Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid11685776\charrsid4722557 , 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid11685776 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid11685776\charrsid4722557  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7274511 
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\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11685776 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par 
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\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid3227005 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid806590\charrsid6033659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid6033659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 THE PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid16016772\charrsid1583691 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772 Plaintiff,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid16016772\charrsid1583691 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\insrsid16016772\charrsid1583691 Francisco Junior Santos, 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772 Defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 Supreme Court Case No.: CRQ18-001
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772 Superior Court Case No.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772\charrsid16016772 CM0094-18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772\charrsid729283 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid2630492 Filed:  September 12, 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid2630492\charrsid2630492 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid6033659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid11685776\charrsid1583691 Cite as: 2018 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid7274511\charrsid7274511 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid660692 Certified Question from the Superior Court of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772\charrsid16016772 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid16016772 ubmitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16016772 April 30, 2018}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11685776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid729283 \sect }\sectd \ltrsect
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\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8677580 
\par }}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11685776 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid12923660 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 
, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid12923660 Associate Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 ROBERT J. TORRES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11685776\charrsid12923660 , Associate Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11685776 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14579486 PER CURIAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11685776 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7043332\charrsid11685776 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11165062 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7671745 Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14947279 Judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7671745  Elyze M.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14947279  Iriarte submitted five certified questions to this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254  on the application of 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254  6105(a) and 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254  6105(b
)(5)(A)-(C), provisions regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863885 a judge\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7105306 disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14947279 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14947279 This court accepted four of the five questions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1710254  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 For the reasons discussed below, we find that absent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid8145086 the agreement of the parties}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 , 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086  6105(b)(5)(B) requires a Superior Court judge, related in the third degree to the Chief Prosecutor, to disqualify herself in any criminal proceeding brought by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9133473 Office of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6033659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9133473 of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 
 because the Chief Prosecutor, who is not supervising or involved in the matter, is legally presumed to be \'93acting as a lawyer in the proceeding\'94 based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3766948 
his supervisory role as Chief Prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14037549\charrsid8145086 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6033659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9133473 7 GCA \'a7 6105 (b)(5)(B).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7043332\charrsid14947279 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14037549 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14037549\charrsid14037549 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid14037549  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14037549 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7043332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11165062 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 Judge Iriarte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14429932\charrsid8145086 is related}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 
 within the third degree to Joseph McDonald, Chief Prosecutor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14814906 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 the Office of the Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482 
 (\'93OAG\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 McDonald is Judge Iriarte\rquote s father\rquote s brother.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386590 In January 2018, the Public Defender Service Corporation (\'93PDSC\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13724800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184 began}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800  seeking Judge Iriarte\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 disqualification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 in all criminal matters. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 Judge Iriarte was assigned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13724800 People v. Moged}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 , CM0643-17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4083896 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800  and rejected the Public Defender\rquote 
s request for her disqualification on untimeliness grounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800\charrsid12877489 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 
Moged, CM0643-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4083896 17 (Answer Obj.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800  Competency (Feb. 12, 2018)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9061799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7487660 Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7487660 Michael J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 Bordallo, sitting as a recusal judge, is
sued a Decision and Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7487660 holding that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13855037  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7487660  disqualification of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13724800  Judge Iriarte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7487660 was not warranted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724800 , but on different grounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2694292 Judge Bordallo held that disqualification was not required because McDonald was \'93not an officer or director of the People of Guam, an
 active lawyer in the proceedings, [did] not have an interest in the outcome of the proceedings, and [was] not likely to be a material witness.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13386091\charrsid12877489 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386091 Moged, CM0643-17 (Dec. & Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6033659 at 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386091 (Mar. 22, 2018)).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11676162 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13855037 Public Defender}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749  also requested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 Judge Iriarte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 \rquote s disqu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13855037 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 lification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13507464 People v. Reyes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 , CM0191-17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4083896 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 
which she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 rejected on untimeliness grounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 Superior Court Presiding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 Judge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 Alberto C. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 Lamorena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749  III}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13507464 , sitting as a recusal judge, issued a Decision and Order affirming that Judge Iriarte could preside over the case, but on different grounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12062749 Presiding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 Judge Lamorena }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5122171 stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 that McDonal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14227086 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  was \'93not directly involved in [the] matter, [had] never actively participated in the underlying proceedings, and [did] not supervise the attorney representing the OAG }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13507464\charrsid8145086 with respect to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  the matter.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13386091 People v. Reyes, CM0191-17 (Dec. & Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6033659  at 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13386091  (Mar. 26, 2018)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 He also held that PDSC\rquote s theory of vertical imputation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086 \emdash 
that as Chief Prosecutor the court should vertically impute knowledge and acts of all Assistant Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086  General within the Prosecution Division
\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 was \'93too rigid of a rule to impose in this jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14227086 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12062749 Presiding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086 Judge Lamorena explained that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13507464  \'93
[s]uch a rule would effectively prevent the assigned judge from hearing any criminal proceeding brought by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13507464\charrsid8145086 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13507464  attorney of the OAG working within the Prosecution Division, which would be untenable considering the small size of the legal community and the number of judges.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14227086  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14227086 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2694292\charrsid14227086 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 After being assigned }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14374387 
People v. Santos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 , CM0094-18, Judge Iriarte filed a Notice Regarding Potential Disqualification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 
The Public Defender filed a statement requesting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14374387\charrsid8145086 judicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387  disqualification. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 One reason listed in the request was that the Chief Prosecutor maintained supervision over attorneys appearing before Judge Iriarte. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 Judge Iriarte was inclined to disqualify }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14374387\charrsid8145086 herself,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14374387  but did not do so in light of the decisions in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14374387 Moged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14374387 Reyes}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14374387 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14429932 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688 The Public Defender has requested Judge Iriarte\rquote s disqualification in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4744158 eight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688 other cases currently pending in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid15996121 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12546770 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid15996121\charrsid4744158 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15996121\charrsid4744158  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4744158\charrsid4744158 
People v. Aguigui, CF0453-18 (Statement Requesting Judicial Disqualification (Aug. 13, 2018));}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4744158  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15996121\charrsid4744158 
People v. Joker, CF0339-18 (Statement Requesting Judiciary Disqualification (Jul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4744158 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15996121\charrsid4744158  5, 2018)); People v. Tiwmalyoang, 
Repalpiy, & Togolmai, CF0130-18 (Statement Requesting Judiciary Disqualification (Apr. 10, 2018)); People v. Tenorio, CM0106-18 (Statement Requesting Judiciary Disqualification (Apr. 6, 2018)); People v. Iotaro, CF0094-18 (Statement Requesting Judiciary D
i
squalification (Mar. 21, 2018)); People v. Aldan, CF0084-18 (Statement Requesting Judiciary Disqualification (Mar. 23, 2018)); People v. Sanchez & Aldan, CF0745-17 (Statement Requesting Judiciary Disqualification (Jan. 24, 2018)); People v. Quichocho, CF0
604-17 (Def.\rquote s Mem. Concerning Disqualification (Jan. 9, 2018)).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 Judge Iriart
e filed a Submission of Questions for Certification with this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688  based on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15996121 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688 equests for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15996121 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16480688 isqualification in these cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 Judge Iriarte submitted five questions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 This court accepted four of the five questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 and stayed all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4744158 eleven }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 criminal matters }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid484741 presented }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 in the submission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid484741  and subsequent motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265 
 until further order of this court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1261265\charrsid14374387 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4027184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4027184 II. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2697482  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\insrsid4027184\charrsid4027184 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7043332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11165062 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147197 This court has jurisdiction over requests to hear certified questions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147197 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147197 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147197  4105 (2005);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10641375  Guam R. App. P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12147197  20(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid197890 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid197890 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid197890 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1 (Westlaw through Pub. L. 115-22}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2697482 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid197890  (2018))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10641375 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6630340 Section 4105 states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6630340 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12546770 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6630340 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086 ny judge of the Superior Court of Guam may certify a question of law to the Supreme Court of Guam for its opinion as to the interpretation of any law, federal or local, lying within the juri
sdiction of the courts of Guam to decide, and arising in a case or proceeding then pending befo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6630340 re the Superior Court.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6630340 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 7 GCA \'a7 4105. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2697482  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 Furthermore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16517723 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16517723  of Appellate Procedure}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478846 (\'93GRAP\'94) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 20(a)(1) states in part:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12546770 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 Only questions or propositions of law may b
e certified, and they must be distinct and definite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086 . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3478846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 If the Chief Justice determines that the local }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086 law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5178197  has not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086 been clearly determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197 
, and it is necessary and desirable to ascertain the local law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5178197\charrsid8145086 in order to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197  dispose of the Superior Court
\rquote s proceeding, then the certificate will be accepted.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4027184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 uam }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 pp. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669 P}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5178197  20(a)(1). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443147 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16517723  four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443147  questions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16517723 over which we granted review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443147 meet all of the criteria }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1443147\charrsid8145086 set forth in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443147  7 GCA \'a7 4105 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10820122 GRAP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1443147  20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13571787 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4027184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4027184 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4744158  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\insrsid4027184\charrsid4027184 Standard of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\insrsid4027184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11165062 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398 \'93Normal standards of review do not apply when addressing certifications of law; instead, the court addresses the matters in the context in which they arise and as if they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2362398\charrsid8145086 were presented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398  to the court in the first instance.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7550193  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398 Levin v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2362398\charrsid8145086 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398  States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398 
, 2016 Guam 14 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398  9 (quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398\charrsid2362398 
Maeda Pac.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398  Corp. v. GMP Haw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13638945 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2362398 , Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2362398 
, 2011 Guam 20 \'b6 21).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2362398\charrsid4027184 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4027184 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4027184 IV. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7550193  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4027184 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7043332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11165062 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13638945 he certified que}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792 stions seek clarification of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13638945 
 interpretation and application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792  of 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792  6105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184 
. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13638945 In the context presented by the certified questions, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184 e find that 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184  6105(b)(5)(B) requires a Superior Court judge, related in the third degree to the Chief Prosecutor, to disqualify herself in any criminal proceeding brought by the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10820122 Office of the Attorney General of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184  and, therefore, need not address the other submitted questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5383792 . 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7550193  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5383792 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13638945 ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid159350 People v. Gay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid159350 , 2007 Guam 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid159350 \'b6\'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid159350  6-7 (declining to answer a certified question that was unnecessary to the decision)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4027184 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1793559 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 Under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352\charrsid12976352 7 GCA \'a7
 6105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 (b)(5)(B), a judge must disqualify himself or herself, unless all parties agree to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12976352\charrsid8145086 hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8145086\charrsid8145086 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352  the judge continue to sit in the proceedings, where a person within the third degree of relationship to the judge is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6518161 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 acting as a lawyer in the proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6518161 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7550193  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352\charrsid12976352 7 GCA \'a7 6105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 (b)(5)(B) (2005). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7550193 
 Chief Prosecutor McDonald is within the third degree of relationship to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 Judge Iriarte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7550193 , as he is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11554474 Judge Iriarte\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7550193  father\rquote s brother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976352 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14814906 The question presented by this case is whether McDonald, as Chief Prosecutor, is \'93acting as a lawyer in the proceeding\'94
 even when he does not make a personal appearance. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5574397  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076\charrsid15148119 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11165062 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11165062 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11416634 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540 he Court of Appeals of Utah has dealt with a similar set of facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8132026  and issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2321540 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2321540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2321540 State v. Van Huizen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540 , 2017 UT App 30, 392 P.3d 933 (Ct. App. 2017). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5507097 Van Huizen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 , the court held that recusal was necessary where a judge\rquote s spouse was the Chief Criminal Deputy \'93
responsible to the County Attorney for the performance of the attorneys below him in the supervisory line.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5507097 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5507097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097  46. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 
The court noted that the judge \'93would have been obligated to recuse had she been married to the county attorney for the same reason that she would have been required to recuse if she were married to the case attorney\emdash they are both \lquote 
acting as a lawyer in the proceeding.\rquote \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5507097 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5507097 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097  45 (citation omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 Accordingly, the court \'93
believe[d] that, in a public law office, the command hierarchy itself is material to the appearance of partiality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 \'94 and because the spouse was \'93
within the chain of command for this case, [the court] conclude[d] that his marriage to the [judge] created an appearance of partiality.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5507097 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12546770 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5507097 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 We note that Utah has adopt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 
ed the American Bar Association\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 s Canon of Judicial Ethics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395  (\'93Canons\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 , which differs slightly in structure from 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 6105.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 Compare\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 Utah Code of Judicial 
Conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 .11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  (2016), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13111219\charrsid14370395 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  Model Code of Judicial Conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 r.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  2.11 (Am. Bar Ass\rquote n 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 ,\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 \~7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  6105. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 Under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11416634 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 ule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13111219 .11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 
[a] judge shall disqualify himself or herself in an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 y proceeding in which the judge\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 
s impartiality might reasonably be questioned, including but not limited to [a number of circumstances similar to those liste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 d under 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  6105(b)].\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 Model Code of Judicial Conduct r. 2.11 (Am. Bar Ass\rquote n 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 Unlike rule 2.11, impartiality is a separate provision under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 6105.\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 \~7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 6105(a). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 
However, 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 6103 incorporates the Canons into Guam law}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 ule 2.11 and 7 GCA }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 6105 are sufficiently similar that we find\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 Van Huizen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395  and its application of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14370395 
r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 ule 2.11\~to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11416634 inform}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219  our interpretation of 7 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219  6105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11416634 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13111219\charrsid13111219 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5507097 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5507097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5507097  46.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540\charrsid5507097 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6051422 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540 Several state ethics opinions have reached the same result. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540 For example, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  Michigan ethics panel dealt with the issue of disqualification when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 
 trial judge is related to a prosecutor with supervisory responsibilities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474 but who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 does not personally participate in the case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2321540 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540\charrsid2321540  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 State Bar of Mich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1589855 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  Ethics Op. JI-101 (June 6, 1995). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865262 In applying a rule substantively identical to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865262\charrsid12976352 7 GCA \'a7 6105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12865262 (b)(5)(B), t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 he Michigan panel determined that recusal was necessary where a judge\rquote s spouse served as Chief Trial Attorney supervising the investigation, preparation, and trial of felony cases even though the spouse }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3616741\charrsid9980501 was barred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  from directing, participating in, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3616741\charrsid9980501 supervising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3616741\charrsid9980501 case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  assigned to the judge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2321540 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3616741 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3616741  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 The panel noted that investigations about or deliberations on the transactions and facts in question would be \'93
conducted before litigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3616741\charrsid9980501 is filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 , and thus before the prosecutor knows which judge will 
be assigned to hear the matter.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3616741 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741 Therefore, there was \'93no way to screen the prosecutor spouse for district court matters which might in the future }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3616741\charrsid9980501 be assigned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3616741  to the judge spouse.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10164335  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3616741 
Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2257741 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2321540 Similarly, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13317394  New York }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 ethics committee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13317394  determined that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 disqualification was necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4075724 whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4075724  a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 judge\rquote 
s spouse was the attorney in charge of the criminal practice of a legal services provider organization. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2621979 N.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724 Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2621979 . Jud. Advisory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647  Comm.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724  Op. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 87}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 Dec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724 , 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403\charrsid4075724 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14824403 The spouse was responsible for, in part, \'93the provision of legal assistance in criminal cases in State criminal trial proceedings\'94 and reported directly to the organization\rquote s attorney-in-chief. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14824403 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403 
The committee did \'93not regard the fact that the spouse [was] not the attorney of record as being at all dispositive of the matter in issue.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14824403 
Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14824403  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7028878 Rather, the committee found that the spouse was \'93
more closely connected to the matters before the judge than the attorney-in-chief\'94 because the spouse \'93[bore] the responsibility of overseeing all criminal practice oper
ations including the very operations involved herein: State criminal trial proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7347560 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7028878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7028878 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7028878  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7892193 
In light of this responsibility, the committee was \'93compelled to conclude that the spouse must be deemed to be \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8153279 involved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7892193 \rquote 
 in the criminal proceedings over which the judge presides\'94 and advised in favor of recusal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1795884 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7892193  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7892193 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5335268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 Ethics committees in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid464170 Arizona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5335268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid464170 and Florida have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5335268  similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15472501  advised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5335268 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5335268 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5335268 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9009481  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160426 Ariz. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6160426 
 Op. 95-19 (Oct. 20, 1995); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9009481 Fla. Jud. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9009481 
 Op. 18-13 (June 8, 2018); Fla. Jud. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9009481  Op. 11-21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9517808  (Dec. 20, 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid15472501\charrsid15472501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15472501 c.f.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501 
 Ariz. Jud. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15472501  Op. 00-01 (Apr. 7, 2000) (advising against disqualification where judge\rquote s son was employed in the prosecutor
\rquote s office as a trial attorney, in part, because the son did not supervise any attorneys that appeared in court before the judge).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16742382 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502 
As Chief Prosecutor, McDonald has substantial supervisory and policy responsibilities in the criminal division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 , including determining division 
priorities and supervising investigations and attorneys before any litigation is filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1118259  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1118259 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1118259  OAG\rquote s Br. at 6-7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6033659  (May 20, 2018)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1118259 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16205069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502 Therefore, even if McDonald }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7283316\charrsid9980501 is barred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7283316  from directing, participating in, or supervising any case assigned to Judge Iriarte, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16207902 he may have participated in the case before the litigation was filed and the matter assigned to Judge Iriarte. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669 
While we do not question her impartiality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 , Judge Iriarte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid660692 must disqualify herself}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502  from cases involving the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502 riminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15485502 ivision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076  of the Office of the Attorney General.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9772984  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9772984 However, this disqualification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076 is not absolute. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9772984 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076  disqualification statute allows a judge to continue to preside }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920 if, after full disclosure, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920\charrsid16725920 all parties agree to having the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920\charrsid16725920 udge sit in the proceedings}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920 7 GCA \'a7 6105(b) (2005) (as renumbered in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13118669  2012).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516076 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 
Both PDSC and the People appear to suggest that it may be possible to effectively screen McDonald from criminal cases assigned to Judge Iriarte. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6519040 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  OAG\rquote s Br. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9664364 6-7, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 18; PDSC\rquote s Br. at 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6033659 
 (May 25, 2018)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 While we do not preclude the use of an ethical wall to screen McDonald, we have }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  concerns about the effectiveness of such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 a wall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 
It is possible that McDonald would be involved in a case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 prior to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  its assignment to Judge Iriarte. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 In such a case, an ethical wall erected after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 
assignment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  would not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 effective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  recusal would still be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 necessary,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  absent her disclosure and agreement by the parties. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6519040 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5196109 State Bar of Mich.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 , Ethics Op. JI-101 (June 6, 1995). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 
Moreover, an ethical wall may not be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 effective}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 
 if, for example, McDonald: (1) is required to evaluate the attorneys in their performance before Judge Iriarte, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6519040 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  Ariz. Jud. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  Op. 95-19, at 2 (Oct. 20, 1995), or (2) has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 responsibility
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  in allocating resources in the office, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6519040 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  Fla. Jud. Ethics Advisory Comm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8257647 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  Op. 90-23 (Oct. 22, 1990). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040 
We leave these matters for the trial court to consider, as the record is not sufficiently developed to determine whether the Chief Prosecutor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6519040\charrsid9980501 
was effectively screened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6519040  in the case at hand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10686943\charrsid940646 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid940646 We also have concerns about }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920 
Judge Iriarte\rquote s procedure for disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid940646 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16725920  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9327056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11209627 Judge Iriarte\rquote s Notice Regarding Potential Disqualification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 correctly recognizes that 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902  6105 \'93allows a judge to continue to preside over proceedings following disclosure of the disqualifying circumstances and upon agreement of the parties.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2455445 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6709604 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2455445 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6709604 , tab 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902  (Notice Regarding Potential Disqualification}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6709604 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 Mar. 19, 2018). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16207902 However, the notice later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 reads}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9507949 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  in pertinent part
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9507949 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12546770 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 Should any party disagree with my }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 continuing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  to sit in these proceedings, such party may invoke the procedure under 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  6107, objecting to my competency to preside over this matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11209627 Such objections must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 be filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11209627 : (1) for asserted speedy trial cases, within seven days of the fili
ng of this Notice, or within seven days after the Criminal Trial Setting, whichever is later; or (2) for cases with speedy trial waivers, within fourteen days of the filing of this Notice, or within fourteen days after the Criminal Trial Setting, whicheve
r is later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 
However, should either party request resolution of any substantive matter before the Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 prior to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 
 the expiration of time to file an Objection to Competency, the Court will consider any objections to be waived }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 for the purposes of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  that decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 Also, failure to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 timely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  invoke section 6107 will amount to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 
waiver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627  of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11209627\charrsid9980501 objections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1793559 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16207902\charrsid16207902 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3365708  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6051422 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755 his notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15939291 appears to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755 improper because it}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086  places the onus on the parties to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6907086 object}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086  to Judge Iriarte sitting in the proce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755 edings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2455445 Title }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755 7 GCA }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8535755  6105(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6907086  explicit in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086  requirement that a judge disqualify himself or herself unless, \'93
following complete disclosure to all parties in the proceeding of the reasons for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 his or her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 disqualification, all parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6907086\charrsid6907086 agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6907086\charrsid9980501 having}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6907086  the Judge continue to sit in the proceedings.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811  6105(b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6907086 ) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15939291  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1578038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12976479 In other words, a judge must disqualify herself and seek }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9980501 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12976479\charrsid9980501 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976479  of the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12976479\charrsid9980501 in order to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12976479  sit in the proceedings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879688  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825 Therefore, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6505288 Judge Iriarte\rquote s form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 disqualification}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825  notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15939291  appears to be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825 improper as it r
equires parties to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3232825 object}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811 Judge Iriarte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825 
 sitting rather than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554324 first recusing herself and then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825 seeking the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3232825 agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232825  of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11209627 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492811 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2492811 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15879688  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2492811 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7043332\charrsid7043332 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6051422 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6051422 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6051422 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid7156391 hold}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501  that absent the agreement of the parties, 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501  6105(b)(5)(B) requires a Superior Court judge, related in the third degree to the Chief Prosecutor, to disqualify herself in any criminal proceeding brought by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2455445 Office of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501 Attorney General because the Chief Prosecutor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15879688 even if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2492811\charrsid9980501  not supervising or involved in the matter, is legally presumed to be \'93actin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12651350 g as a lawyer in the proceeding\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3766948  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3766948\charrsid8145086 based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid3766948 his supervisory role.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2492811  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15879688  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9044413 In light of this holding, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15939291 decline }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9044413 
to address the other three certified questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6505288  at this time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9044413 .
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3227005 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4719443\charrsid10290289 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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