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{\operator Gloria J. Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2018\mo8\dy30\hr14}{\revtim\yr2018\mo8\dy30\hr14\min1}{\printim\yr2018\mo8\dy30\hr8\min54}{\version3}{\edmins1}{\nofpages10}{\nofwords2334}{\nofchars13310}{\*\manager Judiciary of Guam}{\nofcharsws15613}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 ADAM JAMES MESSIER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15883714 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid3161169\charrsid3161169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed:  August 30, 2018
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid5000265 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15883714 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 July 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2016
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam
\par 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4462701\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx9468
\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4462701 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf18\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid4462701 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 James M. Maher, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang1036\langfe1033\hich\af0\langnp1036\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Esq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Law Office of James M. Maher}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 238 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 300
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid10304422 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4462701 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4462701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Plaintiff-Appellee:

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Yoav }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sered, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of the Attorney General
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Prosecution Division
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4462701 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Tamuning, GU 96913}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4462701\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box
\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf18\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid15883714 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid16322326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \page \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F.\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
 PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\hich\af0\insrsid15883714 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s24\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16322326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f0\super\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
  The signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the Justices at the time this matter was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6294557 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6294557 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15883714 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 MARAMAN, J.:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf18\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid13910462 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 This is the second time that this matter has come before us.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 People v. Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid7752713 , 2014 Guam 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 (hereinafter, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 Messier I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 \'94), the People appealed from the trial court\rquote s grant of Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid13183253 
-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453  Adam James Messier\rquote s motion for a new trial.  We reversed and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid6294557 reinstated Messier\rquote s conviction}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 .  Upon remand, a final judgment was entered convicting Messier of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid11042777 Second Degree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 Criminal Sexual Conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid11042777 , Fourth Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453  and Child Abuse}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid6294557  and sentencing him to five years\rquote  imprisonment, all suspended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid12652453 .  Messier appeals from this final judgment.  On appeal, 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Messier argues that the prosecutor made numerous statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid2637801 in violation of Messier\rquote s Fifth 
Amendment right against self-incrimination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid7672718  and challenges other statements on various grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 For the reasons stated below, we reverse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Messier\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s convictions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid7800007 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  and remand for a new trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s29\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf18\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid15883714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 I.  FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9110942 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \'93Messier was indicted on on
e count of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (as a First Degree Felony), one count of Fourth Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (as a Misdemeanor), and one count of Child Abuse (as a Misdemeanor).\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 , 2014 Guam 34 \'b6 2.  At trial, the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16071761 victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16071761  C.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16071761  and her sister}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid16071761  S.S.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  testified that they stayed at Messier\rquote s house }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  babysit his children while he and his wife, who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8741674 C.S. and S.S.\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 sin, were at a Christmas party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088   \'93The victim [C.S.] testified she awoke to Defendant touching her upp
er and lower intimate areas, and the victim\rquote s sister [S.S.] testified she witnessed this occur.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid2898941 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid3961088 \'b6 5 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid3961088 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 RA\'94\loch\f0 ), tab 116 at 2-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Dec. & Order, Feb. 26, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176\charrsid3961088 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid4730176 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid2898941 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Transcripts (\'93Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid91086 \'94) at 104-05 (Jury Trial,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  Jan. 18, 2013); Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid91086 52-53 (Jury Trial,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  Jan. 22, 2013).  The witnesses\rquote  mother testified that S.S. called her around 4:00 a.m. on the day of the incide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 nt requesting to be picked up.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088   The mother also testified that she observed S.S. hugging her crying sister, C.S.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714  in the car on the way home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
C.S. and S.S. admitted at trial to concocting sexual assault allegations against their father and brother on a prior occasion \'93to gain more freedom from parental oversight . . . even knowing that their father and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 brother could be prosecuted and incarcerated for the sexually}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 related acts that the two young women fabricated.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid2898941 Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid2898941 , 2014 Guam 34 \'b6 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2637801 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2637801\charrsid2637801 RA, tab 116 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2637801 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2637801\charrsid2637801 (Dec. & Order, Feb. 26, 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
).  They made false verbal and written statements against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  father and brother to both Guam Child Prote
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 ctive Services and the police. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  Messier\rquote s counsel questioned C.S. and S.S. at length regarding the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11042777 prior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 allegations against their father and brother, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 which they admitted were false.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 During opening statements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11042777\charrsid11042777  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11042777 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11042777\charrsid3961088 closing arguments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 , the prosecution made several statements Messier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2637801 now }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
claims were improper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8994854 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid7696952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8994854 
Messier lists twenty-two such statements, labeled A through V,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714  including}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-446\li1166\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin1166\itap0\pararsid16322326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4730176 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4730176 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Motive to lie. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There has been no evidence presented of any motive to lie, any reason that they would make this up. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Why would they do that? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 That\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s something to assess the credibility of both [C.S.] and [S.S.]. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Why would they wake up at 4:00 in the morning?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Why then wo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 uld they call their mom? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Why then, when she didn\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
t answer, would they continue to try to get in contact with them? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Why then would they ask to be picked up right then and there? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Why then would they tell her to come get }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (sic), would they fake sounding\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 scared, would they - - would [C.S.] fake crying in the car, then at home, then fake it again when the defendant came over the next time, and then continue to tell what happened to her to a number of different people: to a counselor, to her mom, to her si
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to CPS, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to Healing Hearts, the police, the attorney general}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s office, and to you here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
in this jury box?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16406140 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  119-20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Jan. 29, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7800007 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526103 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 All of it has to be fake, if they\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 re lying. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 So what evidence was shown that they have any such motive to do that? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 And not only did [C.S.] have to do it, [S.S.] had to go along with it as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  So ask yourself, when assessing the credibility of the Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s witnesses, specifically [C.S.], speci\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
fically [S.S.], ask yourself if there is any motive that they would make this up, if there\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s any evidence shown of that.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid7800007 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16406140 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  120.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-450\li1170\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13785589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7800007 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526103 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In the December 2011, incident, again there\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s no evidence shown of any motive to lie.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid7800007 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16406140 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  121.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid13785589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s30\qj \fi-432\li1170\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin1170\itap0\pararsid13785589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7800007 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9526103 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3111763 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 First, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  where is the evidence of motive to lie.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3111763 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13785589 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid7800007 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16406140 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  131.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9110942 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 5}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3105001 After }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6294557\charrsid3105001 being}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3105001  con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 victed of all counts against him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13597935 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6294557 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Messier }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13597935 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  moved for acquittal or new trial.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid8456576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid12652453  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 , 2014 Guam 34 \'b6 2.
  The trial court denied the motion for acquittal, but granted the motion for new trial because it \'93found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15092426 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 a myriad of contradictions and inconsistencies between the admitted evidence and the testimonies of the victim and the witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15092426 \rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \'b6 4 (quoting RA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  tab 116 at 2, 10 (Dec. & Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Feb. 26, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
.  These inconsistencies between the victim and her sister/eyewitness \'93were split into two lists\emdash one collecting inconsistencies between the testimony of the victim and her sister/eyewitness, and the other
 collecting inconsistencies between the victim\rquote s testimony and evidence of her prior statements.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15092426 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15092426 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 The People appealed the trial court\rquote s grant of Messier\rquote 
s motion for a new trial, and this court reversed the trial court\rquote s decision and remanded for sentencing.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  \'b6\'b6 9, 41.  Messier petitioned this court fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15092426 r rehearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
, but we denied the petition.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15092426 People v. Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 , CRA14-002 (Pet. Reh\rquote 
g at 1 (Dec. 18, 2014)); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid15092426 People v. Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 , CRA14-002 (Order at 9 (Mar. 24, 2015)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8741674 Upon remand, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
he trial judge disqualified himself from sentencing, indicating he believed the jury made a mistake and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14052703 expressing that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 would have difficulty sentencing Messier given the quality of the evidence and a personal belief of rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 sonable doubt regarding guilt.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088   The matter was reassigned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14052703  to another judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid14052703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 Messier moved to vacate and set aside the disqualificati}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 on, but the motion was denied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088   Messier subsequently sought acquittal,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid8741674  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  that motion was denied as well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714   He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 was sentenced to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714 five}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088  years of probation, with five years\rquote  imprisonment suspended, and required to registe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid13910462 r as a Level One Sex Offender.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088   Judgment was entered, and Messier timely appealed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15883714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
II.  JURISDICTION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s29\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf18\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid9110942 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\insrsid9110942 8}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 This court has jurisdiction over appeals from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 final judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  of conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid5706473 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 115-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid1056641 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 223}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15823582 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 )); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 7\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0  GCA \'a7\'a7
\loch\f0 \hich\f0  3107, 3108(a) (2005); 8 GCA \'a7\'a7\loch\f0  130.10, 130.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\hich\af0\dbch\af0\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15092426 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15883714\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 III.  STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9110942 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 We review alleged violations of the Fifth Amendment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8330700 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8330700 People v. Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 , 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700  16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15823582  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700\charrsid8330700 A conviction should be affirmed if the 
reviewing court concludes that, on the whole record, a constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8330700 It is the reviewing court\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700\charrsid8330700 s duty to consider the trial record as a whole and to ignore errors that are harmless, including most constitutional violations.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8330700 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8330700  (citation omitted).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15092426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12583653 IV.  ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid12583653\charrsid12583653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9110942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 We have previously ruled on issues surrounding a prosecutor\rquote s statements concerning a defendant\rquote s silence in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 People v. Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 , 2016 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6043265  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 15.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6043265 
Consistent with our prior precedent in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\cf1\insrsid6043265 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6043265 , w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 e }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6043265 will }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid6294557 reverse Messier\rquote s convictions.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid14574052 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 
acknowledge that Messier challenges several statements on appeal on various grounds, but in light of our finding of reversible error for violations of his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, we find it unneces
sary to engage in analysis of the other challenged statements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid4946722  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 See Hemlani v. Hemlani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 , 2015 Guam 16 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 \'b6 33 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\cf1\insrsid12583653\charrsid12583653 As a general appellate principle, a court will not address issues unnecessary to the resolution of the case before it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid15823582  (collecting cases)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid12583653 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12583653\charrsid12583653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-450\li450\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid15688791 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1916139\charrsid1916139 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1916139 
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7821591 Statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1916139 I, J, L, and U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7821591  Violated Messier\rquote 
s Fifth Amendment Right Against Self-Incrimination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8741674 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4946722\charrsid7821591 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9110942 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1516327 \'93No person . . . shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself . . . .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid6043265 Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 . amend. V; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid9706291 48 U.S.C.A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid9706291  \'a7 1421b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 (d), (u) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 115-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6043265 223}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1516327  (2018)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 Both direct and indirect comment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6043265 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1516327  on a d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6043265 efendant\rquote s failure to testify are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  forbidden under the Fifth Amendment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516327 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516327 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 , 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  19. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 Indirect comment \'93can violate the defendant\rquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 s right not to testify if t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 he prosecutor states the People\rquote s evidence is \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 uncontradicted,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 undenied,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \lquote }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 unrebutted,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1516327 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 undisputed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847  when }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 the only person who could have contradicted, denied, rebu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 tted or disputed the government
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327\charrsid15470847 s evid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 ence was the defendant himself.\rquote \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516327 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516327 United States v. Cotnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 , 88 F.3d 487, 497 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140\charrsid16406140 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  Cir. 1996)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 In other words, a defendant\rquote s Fifth Amendment right is violated when the challenged \'93remark was of such a character that the jury would \lquote naturally and necessarily\rquote  take it to be a comment on the 
defendant\rquote s silence.\rquote \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1516327 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1516327 Cotnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1516327 , 88 F.3d at 497).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15038997 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997 
, this court held that certain statements made by the prosecutor in closing argument were \'93improper because they either directly commented on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582 defendant\rquote s] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997 failure to testify and the implication the jury could draw from that silence, or involved comments only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582 defendant] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997 could contradict or refute.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997  2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038997  20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15092426  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741674  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15092426 Here, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 tatements}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15092426 
 I, J, L, and U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  were improper because they involved comments only Messier could contradict or refute, as the only eyewitnesses to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082 alleged }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 incident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10096787 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10096787 C.S. and S.S., had both}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 testified at trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6043265 
The only other person present during the incident, besides C.S. and S.S., was Messier.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Therefore, the only person who could refute C.S. and S.S.\rquote s account of the night in question was Messier}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  and commenting on a lack of evidence of C.S. and S.S.\rquote s motive to lie, thereby, violated Messier\rquote 
s Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 This violation of Messier\rquote s Fifth Ame
ndment right requires reversal of his convictions unless the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8413983 See People v. Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 , 2003 Guam 21 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983  23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15823582  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-450\li450\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid15092426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1916139 B.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid8413983 Reversal of Messier\rquote s Convictions is Required because the Error was Not Harmless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7821591 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15092426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af0\insrsid9110942\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 This court considers the following three factors in determining whether improper testimony regarding a defendant\rquote s silence is harmless: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983\charrsid8413983 \'93(1) the extent of the comments made; (2) whether an inference of guilt from silence was stressed to the jury;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15092426  [and]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983\charrsid8413983  (3) the extent of other ev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 idence suggesting the defendant\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983\charrsid8413983 s guilt.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14574052 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 \'b6}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983  24 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8413983 United States v. Pino-Noriega}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 , 189 F.3d 1089, 1099 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16406140 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140\charrsid16406140 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983  Cir. 1999)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\super\insrsid13991396 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16322326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\f31506\super\insrsid13991396\charrsid12583653 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid13991396\charrsid12583653 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  The People argue that because Messier did not object to the now-challenged statements at trial, this court should review the statement\hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 s for plain error. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid9199079 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid13991396\charrsid12583653 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 Appellee\hich\f31506 \rquote \loch\f31506 s Br. at 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid13910462 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  (June 16, 2016)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid13991396\charrsid12583653 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\insrsid9199079 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 
While the defense did not object to each and every statement now identified as improper, it did object during opening statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid1769592 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  the prosecutor suggest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid1769592 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  that Messier was required to put on evidence and rebut the People\hich\f31506 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid16207046 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 s case.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid1769592 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid16207046 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 80 (Jury Trial, Jan. 17, 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid16207046 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 Given this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid1769592 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506  objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\insrsid15603607 \hich\af31506\dbch\af37\loch\f31506 
, we will apply the harmless error standard.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8413983 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9463729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10621334 Under the first factor, this court considers the extent of the comments made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10621334 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10621334 , 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10621334 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  23. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 
Of the various statements that this court found weighed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188208 against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  a finding of harmless error in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 Cruz
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 , two are particularly relevant to the case at hand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 First, we found problematic the prosecutor
\rquote s statement that there was \'93no evidence of any type of motive at all for [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 the witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 ] to lie about this crime, none. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188208  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 None.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 We also fou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4269634 nd inappropriate the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 
 statement that there was \'93no evidence that [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 the witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 ] has been lying. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14188208  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 There\rquote s no evidence controverting her testimony.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  24.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Here, the prosecutor stated, multiple times, that there was no evidence presented of any motive to lie. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 
 119-21, 131 (Jury Trial, Jan. 29, 2013). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Such statements were improper because \'93the only person who could have contradicted, de
nied, rebutted or disputed the government\rquote s evidence was the defendant himself.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 
, 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  19 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2324368 Cotnam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 , 88 F.3d }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368  497). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Both the victim and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15663406 her sister\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 the only witness to the incident between C.S. and Messier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15663406 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 testified at trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324368 Therefore, only Messier could contradict C.S. and S.S.\rquote s account of the incident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 Taken together, the improper statements were extensive, and this factor weighs against finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4269634 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4269634  harmless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8413983\charrsid4269634 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 Under the second factor, this court considers whether an inference of guilt from a defendant\rquote 
s silence was stressed to the jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15663406 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 \'b6}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4946722  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871 horough curative instructions can weigh in favor of finding h}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336 armless error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336  under this factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7496871  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16134336 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7496871 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281  (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11238650   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 Here, an inference of guilt was stressed to the jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15663406  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4269634 
A significant theme of the prosecutor\rquote s closing argument }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11238650 suggested that the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4269634  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 
raw an inference from Messier\rquote s failure to present contradictory evidence on issues that only he could rebut.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15883714 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883714  Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15883714  119-121, 131 (Jury Trial, Jan. 29, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916  Moreover, the trial court did not provide curative instructions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15663406  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid1916139 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139  132 (Jury Trial, Jan. 29, 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11090916 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15663406  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 Therefore, this factor weighs against finding harmless error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916\charrsid7496871 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 Under the third factor, this court considers the extent of other evidence suggesting the defendant\rquote s guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11090916 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 , 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11090916  30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10096787  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11238650   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 
Although not required to sustain a conviction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13183082 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3870281 , e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3870281 , 9 GCA \'a7 25.40 (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13779388 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13779388 Bell v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13779388 , 497 N.E.2d 556, 556-57 (Ind. 1986) (finding sufficient evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7955722 of robbery }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13779388 where \'93[t]he State\rquote s case was based exclusively on the victim\rquote s testimony\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916\charrsid14317009 very little evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916  introduced at trial corroborated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11348269 C.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11090916  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11348269 S.S.\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 testimony. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 
C.S.\rquote s mother testified that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621 she received a phone call from S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 .S. at 4:00 a.m. in the hours following the alleged criminal sexual conduct}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621 , asking to be picked up because \'93something happened}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1916139  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621 Tr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621\charrsid11485621 14-15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621\charrsid11485621 
Jury Trial, Jan. 18, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 
The mother also testified that C.S. was crying on the car ride home, that C.S.\rquote s demeanor changed in the weeks after the night in question, and that C.S. \'93freaked out,\'94 \'93yell[ed],\'94
 and went to her room for the rest of the day when she was told that Messier would be stopping by C.S.\rquote s home. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11485621\charrsid11485621 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16406140 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11485621\charrsid11485621  16-17, 19,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139\charrsid11485621  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11485621\charrsid11485621 20-21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916139 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 
 evidence is not extensive enough to overcome the error in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2637801 Cf. Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801 , 2016 Guam 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801 \'b6\'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801  32-33 (holding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801 that testimony regarding a text }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16134336 message }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2637801 sent by the defendant to the victim\rquote s father was not extensive enough }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11238650 to overcome error in the case).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid9463729\charrsid9110942 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 
Given that the improper statements were extensive, an inference of guilt was stressed to the jury, no curative instruction was given, and there is little other evidence suggesting Messier\rquote s guilt, we cannot say that the er
ror was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13183082  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11090916 Accordingly, Messier\rquote s convictions must be reversed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7821591\charrsid7821591 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11348269 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11348269\charrsid3961088 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 V.  CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid11348269\charrsid3961088 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9463729\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9463729\charrsid9463729 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9463729 20
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs24\insrsid9463729\charrsid9463729 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs24\insrsid9463729\charrsid9463729 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 As the people\rquote 
s representative in our system of justice, a prosecutor must adhere to the rules and principles that ensure that a jury determines a defendant\rquote s guilt based on the evidence before it.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3870281 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 Mendiola}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 , 2010 Guam 5 \'b6 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 , as here,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269  the verdict hinges on witness credibility, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269  prosecutor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 be especially careful to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 
 stay within the bounds of proper conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12917503  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269   In that context, implicitly commenting on a defendant\rquote s silence endangers the defendant\rquote s constitutional right to a fair trial.  Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7955722 the trial judge did not provide curative instructions that effectively mitigated that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 
 danger, we conclude that the Fifth Amendment violation here was not harmless.  We therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11238650  Messier\rquote 
s convictions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14317009  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14317009 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14317009  for a new trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11348269 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7932588\charrsid3896432 
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