{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f35\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial Unicode MS;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\f41\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}@Arial Unicode MS;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f62\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f63\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f389\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f390\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f394\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f392\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f393\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f395\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}
{\f396\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f397\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f398\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f399\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f400\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f401\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f415\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}
{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}
{\f430\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f454\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f452\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f453\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f455\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f456\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f457\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f458\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f459\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f460\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}
{\f461\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red255\green255\blue255;\red33\green33\blue33;}
{\*\defchp \loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid4151348 
Normal;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext3 \slink17 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid4332564 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid16268086 Colorful List - Accent 11;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16268086 apple-converted-space;}{\*\cs17 \additive \b\f0\fs27 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid4332564 Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs18 \additive \ul\cf2 \sunhideused \styrsid3427147 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs19 \additive \i 
\sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid3427147 Emphasis;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \slink21 \sunhideused \styrsid6384817 footnote text;}{\*\cs21 \additive \fs20 \slink20 \slocked \styrsid6384817 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs22 
\additive \super \sunhideused \styrsid6384817 footnote reference;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid6384817 searchterm;}{\*\cs24 \additive \fs16 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 
annotation reference;}{\s25\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 annotation text;}{\*\cs26 \additive \fs20 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Comment Text Char;}{
\s27\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon25 \snext25 \slink28 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 annotation subject;}{\*\cs28 \additive \b\fs20 \slink27 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Comment Subject Char;}{
\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f38\hich\af38\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16385918 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \f38\fs16 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid16385918 Balloon Text Char;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\box
\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \snext31 \spriority0 \styrsid10899644 Body A;}{\s32\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 
\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 \snext32 \spriority0 \styrsid410703 Body;}
{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid9786268 co_searchterm;}{\*\cs36 \additive \b \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid3153676 Strong;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext37 \slink38 \sunhideused \spriority0 \styrsid10159823 header;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink37 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid10159823 Header Char;}{\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext39 \slink40 \sunhideused \styrsid10159823 footer;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink39 \slocked \styrsid10159823 Footer Char;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid1320209 co_highlightpoints;}{\*\cs42 \additive \ul\cf12 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid10109765 FollowedHyperlink;}{\s43\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext43 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid10295535 List Paragraph;}{\s44\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext44 \shidden \spriority71 \styrsid14757419 Revision;}{\s45\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink46 \sqformat \spriority29 \styrsid16611773 Quote;}{\*\cs46 \additive \i\fs22\cf1 
\slink45 \slocked \spriority29 \styrsid16611773 Quote Char;}{\s47\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext47 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid10639901 No Spacing;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1451985160{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat4\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-303\li663\jclisttab\tx663\lin663 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-296\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-296\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li5760
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\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li7269\lin7269 }{\listname ;}\listid690766214}{\list\listtemplateid1525996700\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0
\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1858635586\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
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\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}
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{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fs20\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23
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\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-296\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel
\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\up0\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0 \fi-360\li5760
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{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid2011957074\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
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{\subject Unified Interest v. PacAir Prop., CVA16-006}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2017\mo10\dy3\hr10\min18}{\revtim\yr2017\mo10\dy3\hr10\min18}{\printim\yr2017\mo3\dy23\hr13\min21}{\version2}{\edmins1}
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\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16407105 
\par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16407105 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s39\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1863576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1863576 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid661001\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 UNIFIED INTEREST}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid11406711 PACAIR PROPERTIES, INC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9571954\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15889977 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639901 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11351049\charrsid9720777 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supreme Court Case No.:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CVA16-006}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Superior Court Case No.:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12876498 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711 V0347-13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs27\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid1929882 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed:  August 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid1929882\charrsid1929882 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10968147\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid15628599 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal from the Super\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ior Court of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 February 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2017}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10968147\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Guam
\par 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15628599\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0
\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5238 \cellx5130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4338 
\cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15889977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing for}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid12876498 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 F. Rand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid2365204 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ll Cunliffe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Cunliffe & Cook, P.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 210 Archbishop Flores St}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid1139376 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
, Ste. 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid12876498 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid15889977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Plaintiff-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid12876498 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Georg\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ette Bello Concepcion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\hich\af0\insrsid15889977 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Brooks Concepcion Law, P.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 247 Martyr St}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid1139376 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 , Ste. 101}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid11406711\charrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid15889977 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid15889977 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hich\af0\insrsid12876498 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\pararsid15889977 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid15628599\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5238 \cellx5130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4338 \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s32\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\box\brdrsh\brdrart192\brdrw637\brsp620\brdrcf17\brdrframe1 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af35\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af35\dbch\af35\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\ulc1 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid1863576\charrsid9720777 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid12876498 
\hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 
Chief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid15889977\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid1139376\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 F. PHILI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid1139376 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 P CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid1139376\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 ROBERT J. TORRES, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid15889977 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0 Associate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid12876498 \hich\af0\dbch\af35\loch\f0  Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af35 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\hich\af0\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid880569\charrsid880569 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 TORRES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid880569 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14291816\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2365204\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2365204 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 -Appellant PacAir Properties, Inc. (\'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 PacAir\'94\loch\f0 ) appeals from the Judgment entered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7876271 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7669890 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 held that a valid contract existed and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 awarded Plaintiff-Appellee Unified Interest (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Unified\'94\loch\f0 ) damages for breach of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
contract and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in the
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  amount of $57,028.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8278764 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The trial court entered judgment following a one-day bench trial, the filing of post-trial submissions, and the filing of supplemental post-trial submissions on the issue of damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2365204 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6891151 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2365204\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2365204 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13767337\charrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  finding that a valid contract existed between PacAir and Unified, and we reject PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s argument that the trial court failed to consider its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affirmative defense }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337\charrsid13767337 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of unclean hands.  But, we vacate the award of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10909950 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337\charrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3895921 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 remand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337\charrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for further \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 proceedings not inconsistent with this Opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7668392 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11406711 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 FACTUAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7282128 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AND }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PROCEDURAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid11406711 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BACKGROUND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7668392\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7668392 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
PacAir is in the business of real estate leasing on Guam.  Frank Arriola has been the general manager of PacAir since 2008.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14881378 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9639436\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8278764\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified is a consultancy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  that \'93\loch\f0 adv\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ise[s] building owners and brokers throughout the cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ntry on navigating through [the]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 GSA [i.e., General Services Administration] leasing process.\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0   Transcript (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Tr.\'94\loch\f0 ) at 82 (Bench Trial, Apr. 22, 2015).  Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s main principal is Anthony Lichtl.  Prior 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to starting Un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ified, Lichtl had worked at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 GSA as a leasing specialist for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8278764\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 several }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 years. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7668392 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
While at GSA, Lichtl was responsible for various government leases in areas throughout the western United States and Pacific region, including Guam.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8278764\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
During this time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Lichtl never worked on a Guam-based project that ended with a signed lease.  He did, however, work on one }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam-based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 project that bore the solicitation number 9GU2004.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9639436\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After Lichtl left GSA and started Unified, G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 SA posted solicitation number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  8GU200\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
8.  Prompted by the release of this solicitation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
on August 16, 2011, Lichtl emailed Arriola regarding the possibility of Unified advising PacAir \'93\loch\f0 in pursuing [a] GSA lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid9639436 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 16, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid9639436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  5 (Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid9639436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to Mot. for Summ. J., Apr. 29, 2014); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid9639436 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Tr. at 6\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2, 82-83 (Bench Trial).  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9639436\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9639436 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The following day, the parties began a chain of communication in which Lichtl described the types of services that Unified provided.  According to Lichtl, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1263 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he first task [for Unified] would be to identify competitors and prov\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ide [PacAir] with data regarding GSA rents in Guam.\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0   Tr. at 29 (Bench Trial).  Next, \'93\loch\f0 
[Unified] will walk [PacAir] through all requirements of the lease and develop a shell deficiency report which identifies existing building conditions relative to the l\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ase requirements so that the offeror has a clear understanding of next steps throughout the GSA procurement.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 at 30.  In explaining this work, Lichtl stated via email: \'93\loch\f0 Please find attached, a flow chart and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 corresponding consulting tasks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 30\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, 72-74, 97 (emphasis added).  The attached document, entitled \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants,\'94\loch\f0  set forth the multiple steps in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  GSA-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
procurement process.  This document also laid out three potential fee schedule options, including one based solely upon\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  an hourly rate of $100 per hour.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7758896\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Between August and October 2011, the parties negotiated a consulting agreement.  PacAir requested that Unified accept \'93\loch\f0 
a fixed fee of one percent for this [consulting] project, as we will have to invest heavily on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [b]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 uildout and are committed to pay a real estate brokerage commission.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896\charrsid7758896 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 31-32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896\charrsid7758896 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Bench Trial).  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified accepted this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 %}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  plus a $500 retainer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , which was reduced from a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  fee that Unified had originally requested.  Lichtl testified that during\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 these negotiations he disclosed to PacAir that he had recently left the GSA and was under certain ethical restrictions as a result.  PacAir denies that these early conversations regarding Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s employment restrictions took place.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7758896\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758896 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On or about Octo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ber 17, 2011, Arriola and Lichtl met for lunch in San Diego, California to discuss finalizing the contours of their consulting relationship.  During this meeting, Lichtl provided Arriola with a copy of an unsigned consulting agreement.  Arriola requested 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
t this meeting that Lichtl prepare a one- or two-page summary report of the Guam market that Arriola could provide to his boss.  In response, Lichtl prepared a document overnight that ultimately turned out to be nine pages in length.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5861495\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5861495 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Arriola and Lich\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 tl met again the next day on October 18, 2011.  During this meeting, Lichtl presented Arriola with the nine-page report.  This report provided, among other things, \'93
\loch\f0 estimated milestones that were to take place on a GSA project schedule, as well as the con\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ulting tasks that [Unified] would take on.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308\charrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1200308\charrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Bench Trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Unified Interest consulting tasks\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  included the following: (i) \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Tour PacAir & round table\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; (ii) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 A/E and GC estimates due\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; (iii) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Compile initial offers\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; (iv) \'93\loch\f0 Compile revised 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 offer\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; and (v) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Compile final offer.\'94\loch\f0   RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  B at 6 (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl, Feb. 24, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1200308\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Lichtl testified that this nine-page report \'93\loch\f0 was really one of the initial steps in . . . following through with what I had committed to in Augu
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 st, and also something that [Arriola] had requested in August.\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0   Tr. at 105-06 (Bench Trial).  On one of the pages of the report, Unified disclosed that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[a]s a former GSA employee, [Lichtl is] held to certain post-employment restrictions,\'94\loch\f0  including bei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ng\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 unable to interface with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 GSA on projects that he was substantially in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 volved in while employed at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 GSA.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 105}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 109-14; RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  B (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl).  Unified specifically stated that \'93\loch\f0 [t]his regulation does not apply to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 all GSA projects nationwide, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 apply to the USDA/VA project,\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  which Lichtl admitted \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 is th[e] 8GU2008 solicitation.\'94\loch\f0 
  Tr. at 135 (Bench Trial) (emphasis added); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15294883 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 B (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl).  Arriola read through this report \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 during the October 18 meeting, while Lichtl engaged in small talk with Arriola\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s friend who also attended the meeting.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1200308\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At the October 18 meeting, both parties signed the consulting agreement that was provided by Unified the previous day.  This docum\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ent was untitled, printed on Unified letterhead, and purported to be an agreement between PacAir and Unified (hereinafter, the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Agreement\'94\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Agreement stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in pertinent part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The purpose of this agreement is to outline the services and\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 fee schedule involved in the GSA lease requirement.  Unified Interest will act as the dedicated Government Real Estate consultant for PacAir Properties for the duration of 1 year from the date of this contract\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s execution.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the consulting services off\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ered by Unified Interest (see document titled \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Consulting Tasks\'94\loch\f0 
), a retainer fee of $500 is due within 15 days upon full execution of this contract.  Additionally, the owner agrees to a 1% fee of the total gross rent for the guaranteed lease term; payabl\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 only if lease transaction is consummated.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Although travel to the site is not mandatory, it is strongly recommended.  Terms and conditions of the travel arrangement will be made through a separate agreement and will be subject to reasonable costs such as,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 but not limited to; day rate, air and travel related expenses with a not to exceed limit.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1200308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 A (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl, Feb 24, 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
(emphasis omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Lichtl testified that during both the October 17 meeting and the October 18 meeti\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ng he provided Arriola a copy of a document that he \'93\loch\f0 
refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  to as consulting tasks,\'94\loch\f0 
 Tr. at 99-100 (Bench Trial), which is the same document attached to the email dated August 17, 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3477881\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  entitled \'93\loch\f0 Government Leas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ing Consultants,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 109-10, 127.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 A (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl).  Arriola denied receiving any document other than the Agreement and the nine-page report during the October 17 and October 18 meetings.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Two days after the parties signed the Agreement, Lichtl sent Ar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
riola an email that contained various attachments.  Among the attachments to this email were the executed Agreement, an invoice from Unified to PacAir for the $500 retainer, and a copy of the nine-page report}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4916479 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Shortly thereafter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the parties ceased commun\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 icating with one another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir was eventually awarded a lease with GSA for solicitation number 8GU2008, with a lifetime value of more than $8 million.  Unified and Lichtl were not involved in preparing the materials that ultimately went i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nto the G\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 SA bid that PacAir won, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified never received any payment from PacAir.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified filed a civil complaint containing one cause of action for breach of contract, which alleged that PacAir had violated the Agreement by failing to pay Unified the $50\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 0 retainer and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of the total lease value awarded to PacAir.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s main defense was that the parties never entered into a valid contract because the document entitled \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Consulting Tasks\'94\loch\f0  that was referenced in the Agreement was never provided and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2497913 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 acco\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rding to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir, did not exist.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14694522\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 asserted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an affirmative defense of unclean hands, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
was based upon the allegation that \'93\loch\f0 Lichtl never disclosed he was ethically restricted from appearing before the GSA on its behalf until after the [A]greem\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ent was signed.\'94\loch\f0   RA, tab 38 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 13 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2577073 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, Sept. 22, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 4 (Answer, Apr. 17, 2013).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10909950\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court held a one-day bench trial.  At the close of testimony, the court ordered the parties to submit proposed findin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gs of fact and conclusions of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Several months after the close of evidence, the trial court issued its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Initial Findings\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
).  The trial court found, among other things, \'93\loch\f0 that a valid contract was create\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d on October 18, 2011 between Plaintiff and Defendant.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 38 at 10 (Find}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16602817 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In reaching this determination, the court found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4916479 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
that there was no document specifically entitled \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Consulting Tasks,\'94\loch\f0  provided to Defendant.  However, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the Court finds that Plaintiff intended for the document titled \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  to be the document he refers to as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Consulting Tasks,\'94\loch\f0  and this document was provided to Defendant on more than one occasion.  This document is a flow chart l
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
sting the consulting services that Plaintiff provides.  As Mr. Arriola testified that he read the contract before signing it on behalf of Defendant, the Court finds it reasonable to conclude that Mr. Arriola was aware of the reference to the \'93\loch\f0 
Consulting T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 sks\'94\loch\f0  document, and he consented to it before signing.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citation omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9844583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In addition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9844583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court found that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 if Mr. Arriola was unsure what the document \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 consulting tasks\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  referred to, he would not have signed the agreement on October 18, 2011,
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  in part because he himself testified that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 he did not have any concerns regarding the agreement prior to signing it.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid15956720 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court also rejected PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s defense of unclean hands.  In deciding this issue, the trial court refused to address\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 whether Unified or Lichtl had criminally violated 18 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0  207, which establishes certain post-employment restrictions on government employees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , on the basis that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over claimed violations of that statute.  On th
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e facts, the court found that \'93\loch\f0 at the very least, Defendant was aware of Mr. Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s employment history with GSA from the start.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid15956720 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 at 14.  Moreover, the court found \'93\loch\f0 credible Mr. Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s testimony that he indicated his post-employment restrictions fo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
r the USDA/VA project in the summary report as a precautionary measure, and that if Defendant had adequately shared its concerns with Plaintiff of the post-employment restrictions to the project, rather than simply refraining from contact, he would have r
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quested for specific guidance on the matter from GSA legal counsel to ensure he w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ould}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  in violation of federal law.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   Accordingly, the trial court found that Unified did not engage in \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 unconscionable, bad faith, or inequitable conduct,\'94\loch\f0  and thus\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , \'93\loch\f0 Defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s affirmative defense of unclean hands does not apply in this case.
\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14881378 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Regarding the issue of damages, the trial court found that Unified was entitled to the $500 retainer called for in the Agreement.  The trial court refused Unified\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
request for the 1% fee of the total gross rent for the guaranteed lease term of Solicitation No. 8GU2008 (Lease No. GS-09B-02945).\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Nevertheless, the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua sponte }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found that the nine-page report was one of the consulting tasks Un\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ified was required to perform under the agreement and that, \'93\loch\f0 under a theory of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , [Unified] should be compensated for the work done for the nine-page summary report.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   The trial court then ordered the parties \'93\loch\f0 to submit documentation show\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ing the value of the services Plaintiff provided through the nine-page summary report dated October 18, 2011.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10512342 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Following the Initial Findings, the parties each submitted additional filings regarding the question of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  damages\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  In its submission, Unified argued that the value of services provided by it must be measured through industry custom, which it claimed was a percentage fee of the final lease value awarded to PacAir.  RA, tab 43 at 1-3 (Unified Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10429530\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supporting Docu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ment\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ation Re: Value of Services}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
).  Unified also submitted a supporting affidavit of Anthony Lichtl that attached three exhibits, including copies of other contracts Unified had entered into, other GSA agreements showing that percentage fees are used in calcula
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ting payment for consultants, and a breakdown of the purported value of services rendered by Unified that was prepared by Lichtl.  The value of services calculation prepared by Lichtl was based solely upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9844583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a portion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the 1% fee contained in the Agreement
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and assigned various}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9844583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  tasks a percentage of the total work.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid74647\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid74647 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir argued in its submission that Lichtl had spent only one night preparing the nine-page report, which itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2497913 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 was based entirely on publicly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 available information, and therefo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 re }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 should be compensated at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9120903\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  admitted rate of $100}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  per hour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  RA, tab 44 (Submission of Def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as to Nine-Page Summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  PacAir also submitted an affidavit of Arriola that indicated the information in the nine-page report was either common kno\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 wledge in the leasi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ng industry throughout Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
or publicly available via the internet.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 3-4.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10512342\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10512342 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The trial court issued Supplemental Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Supplemental Findings\'94\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 found that \'93\loch\f0 the reasonable valu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e of the services provided to Defendant in the nine-page report is $56,528.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 L., Apr. 1, 2016).  The court rejected PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s request to award payment based upon an hourly wage.  Rather, the court determined\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 that Unified was entitled to be compensated for four categories of tasks that Unified claimed accounted for 65% of the total amount of work it had contracted to complete under the Agreement, including: (i) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Identify[ing] properties for GSA opportunity\'94\loch\f0 ; \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ii) \'93\loch\f0 Research[ing] typical GSA rents and qualify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9844583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [ing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  all properties\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; (iii) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Notify[ing] owners of potential to do business with GSA\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; and (iv) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Prepar[ing] strategy for clients.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  at 3.  The court rejected compensation for \'93\loch\f0 [r]esearch[ing] government
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  opportunities via www.fsb.gov,\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  which Unified claimed accounted for 10% of the total work it had contracted to perform under the Agreement, because this \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
was completed before [Unified] contacted [PacAir].\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12144082\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144082 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Based upon these findings, the trial \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court entered Judgment.  This appeal was timely filed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4916479\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10840007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 II. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JURISDICTION 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12144082\charrsid16084261 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid12144082 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
This court has jurisdiction over appeals from a final judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  entered in the Superior Court of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4916479\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4916479 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid11041248 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4916479\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4916479\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4916479 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7 GC\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 A \'a7\'a7\loch\f0  3105, 3107(b), 3108(a), 25102(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144082 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11406711\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1312974 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4916479 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12144082\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144082 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [O]ur standard of review following a bench trial is that the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 [f]indings of fact, whether based on oral or documentary evidence, shall not be set aside unless clea\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rly erroneous, and due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses.\hich\f0 \rquote \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Town House Dep\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t Stores, Inc. v. Ahn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 , 2000 Guam 32 \'b6\loch\f0  13 (alteration in original) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citations omitted) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Yang v. Hong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  199\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 8 Guam 9 \'b6\loch\f0  4) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 collecting cases}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ).  Conclusions of law, however, \'93\loch\f0 are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Id}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Imaging Consultants, Inc. v. Guam Mem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l Hosp. Auth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ., 2004 Guam 15 \'b6\loch\f0  15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid14881378 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645960\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12144082\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144082 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Whether a contract is\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \~
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 enough to be enforced is a question of\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  law for the court.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Patel v. Liebermensch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 197 P.3d 177, 180 n.1 (Cal. 2008)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1904685 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Blas v. Cruz}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2009 Guam 12 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  18 (in determining whether contract was formed, stating \'93\loch\f0 
[p]rinciples of contract interpretation are legal questions r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 eviewed de novo\'94\loch\f0  (citation omitted)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Similarly, \'93\loch\f0 [w]hether a given term is \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 essential\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  to a contract is a matter of law to be reviewed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1312974 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, a determination turning largely on the type of contract at issue . . . .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Liberto v. D.F. Stauffer Biscuit Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1312974 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1312974 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
441 F.3d 318, 324 (5th Cir. 2006)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (footnote omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13513824\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 The question of whether the lower court decided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10167708\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [the] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10167708\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10167708\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in accordance with the governing law is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12418732\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a legal question reviewed\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid14893204 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tanaguchi-Ruth + Assocs. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v. MDI Guam Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2005 Guam 7 \'b6\loch\f0 
 22 (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14746801\charrsid14881378 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
This court has previously stated that \'93\loch\f0 [t]he measure of damages is a mixed question of law and fact warranting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  review.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Guam Resorts, Inc. v. G.C. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2013 Guam 18 \'b6\loch\f0  35 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fargo Pac.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Inc. v. Korando Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, 2006 Guam 22 \'b6\loch\f0  20).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Legal questions concerning damages\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
e.g., whether the methodology applied in calculating damages is appropriate\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kinetic Energy Dev. Corp. v. Trigen Energy Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 22 S.W.3d 691, 702 (Mo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
. Ct. App. 1999) (whether plaintiff took \'93\loch\f0 a proper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 approach to valuation\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and whether testimony is \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 competent evidence of value . . . are matters of law to be decided by the court\'94
\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9970454\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10840007 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 IV. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9205737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13513824\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [27]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir claims on appeal that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court commit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ted three separate errors in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Initial Findings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
and the Supplemental Findings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 First}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, PacAir argues that the trial court erred in finding that a valid contract existed between PacAir and Unified.  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 6-10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid944008 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14881378 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sept. 14,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid944008 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Second}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , PacAir posits that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 there is no legal basis for the award\'94\loch\f0  of damages in the amount of $56, 528}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 10-12.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, PacAir claims that the trial court failed to consider its affirmative defense of unclean h\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ands, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097157\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  purported}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  error that PacAir argues requires reversal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 12-14.  Unified opposes this appeal, arguing that the Agreement signed between Unified and PacAir was sufficiently clear such that it was valid and legally binding, that Unified is entit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
led to payment for its partial performance under the Agreement, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court adequately considered (and rejected) PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s affirmative defense of unclean hands.  Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 13-33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid944008 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14881378 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Oct. 13, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid944008 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10840007\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
A Valid Contract Existed Between Unifie\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d and PacAir
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13513824\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [28]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir first argues on appeal that the trial court erred in finding that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Agreement constituted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a valid contract}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
because (1) the Agreement signed by both parties purported to reference and incorporate a document entitled \'93\loch\f0 Consulting Ta\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 sks,\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 which PacAir claims does not exist; and (2) to the extent that the document entitled \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0  was incorporated into the Agree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3097157\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ment, that document purportedly provides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that Unified would interface with GSA
\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097157\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 term that PacAir cla\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ims was essential to the agreement and a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 task Unified was barred from doing under federal law.  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Br. at 6-10.  In opposition, Unified argues that the Agreement contained its essential terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and the court should not overturn the trial court
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s fac\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tual findings because they are not clearly erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5979856 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 13-19.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13513824\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13513824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After reviewing the record in this case, it is clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3097157 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236\charrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188236 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
PacAir and Unified entered into}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a valid contract.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9660644\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Contract Validity 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [30]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Under Guam law, a vali\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d contract requires \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 an offer, acceptance, and consideration.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mobil Oil Guam, Inc. v. Tendido}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 7 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  34 (citing 18 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  85102).  \'93\loch\f0 An\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 offer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
is a manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain, so made as to justify another person in underst\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 anding that his assent to that bargain is invited and will conclude it.\'94\~\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Second) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0 
 24 (1979); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Mobil Oil Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 2004 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid143245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  35.  \'93\loch\f0 
To create the power of acceptance, essential terms in the offer need only be reasonably ce\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 rtain.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mobil Oil Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam \'b6\loch\f0  35}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841630 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Where an offer does not include an essential term, the contract is unenforceable.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841630 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
(citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [V]oiding an agreement for absence of an\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essential}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is a step that courts\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  should take only in rare and extreme circumstances.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Shann v. Dunk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid14893204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid8922958 \~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 84 F.3d 73, 81 (2d Cir. 1996)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841630 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citations omitted)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 197 P.3d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147684 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  180 (\'93\loch\f0 [T]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he law does not favor but leans against the destruction of contracts because of uncertainty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ).  This is, in part, due to the fact that \'93\loch\f0 
at some point virtually every agreement can be said to have a degree of indefiniteness, and if the doctrine is applied with a heavy hand it may defeat the reasonable expectations of the parties in entering into\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 the contract.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cobble Home Nursing Home, Inc. v. Henry & Warren Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 548 N.E.2d 203, 206 (N.Y. 1989)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  \'93\loch\f0 The conclusion that a party\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s promise should be ignored as meaningless is at best a last resort.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8922958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 citation and internal qu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 otation marks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8922958\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 omitted).\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 According to the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, \'93\loch\f0 [t]he terms of a contract are\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reasonably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 if they provide a basis for determining the existence of a breach and for giving an appropriate remedy.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Restatement (Seco\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  33 (1979).  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
here the parties have intended to conclude a bargain, uncertainty as to incidental or collateral matters is seldom fatal to the existence of the contract.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  cmt. a.  E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ssential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  are those terms the parties \'93\loch\f0 wou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ld reasonably regard as vitally important elements of their bargain.\'94\~\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gen. Metal Fabricating Corp. v. Stergiou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid14893204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid8922958 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 438 S.W.3d 737, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147684\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 74}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147684 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16147684\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Tex. App. 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4937697 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Agreement Contain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  All of the \'93\loch\f0 Essential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11161085\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Necessary to Create a Valid and
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Binding Contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12987273\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [33]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In determini}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ng whether a term is essential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to a contract, specific provisions of the contract\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
and indeed, the contract itself\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 cannot be looked at in isolation.  Rather, \'93\loch\f0 a court should consider the broad framework of a contract in d\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
etermining whether missing terms are actually essential\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 that is, necessary to make the agreement legally binding.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Shann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 84 F.3d at 79.  Making this determination \'93\loch\f0 requires use of a standard that is \hich\f0 
\lquote \loch\f0 necessarily flexible, varying for example with the sub\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ject of the agreement, its complexity, the purpose for which the contract was made, the circumstances under which it was made, and the relation of the parties.\hich\f0 \rquote \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16084261 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (quoting\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cobble Hill Nursing Home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 548 N.E.2d 203, 206 (N.Y. 1989)).\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8592237\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8592237 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir uses t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 he majority of its brief to argue that the trial court erroneously found that the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 document provided to PacAir was actually the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Consulting Tasks\'94\loch\f0  document referred to in the Agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2899169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9-}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10.  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 But whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10167708\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  or not}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0 
 document is part and parcel of the Agreement itself is ultimately beside the point. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The Agreement on its own terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and without incorporating by reference any additional document, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was sufficiently co\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ncrete such that a valid contract existed.  To the extent that there was any ambiguity in the four}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 corners of the Agreement, the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0  document }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is properly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 referenced to provide certainty to those terms in determining whether a b\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 inding contract was consummated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nitial }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 indings, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court stated that it could not look beyond the four corners of the Agreement in order to determine whether a valid contract was created\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
i.e., whether the Agreement contained all of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 essential terms.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid9186493 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 38 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  9 (Finds. Fact & }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 This, however, is not correct.  \'93\loch\f0 
There is no legal doctrine that requires a court to restrict its examination to the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 four corners\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  of a contract to determine whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  omitted terms are\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  essential.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Shann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 84 F.3d at 79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2385230 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   Pursuant to 6 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  2511, a court may generally not consider parol evidence when interpreting a contract, but an explicit exception is carved out \'93\loch\f0 [w]here the validity of the agreement is the fact in\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  dispute.\'94
\loch\f0 \hich\f0   6 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  2511(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  Thus, while a court may not reference extrinsic evidence to interpret, vary, or add to the terms of an unambiguous written agreement, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1312974 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Wasson v. Berg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2007 Guam 16 \'b6\loch\f0 
 11, this is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  conceptually distinc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t from determining
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  whether all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essential terms of a contract are contained within the writing.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The Supreme Court of California explained this distinction as follows: \'93\loch\f0 
Because the [agreement] itself must include the essential contractual terms, it is clear that extrin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sic evidence cannot\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 supply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 those required terms.  It can, however,\~be used to\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 explain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 that were understood by the parties but would otherwise be unintelligible to others.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sterling v. Taylor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 152 P.3d 420, 426 (Cal. 2007)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2255120 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citations omitte\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Put another way, 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[i]t is not strictly accurate to say that the subject-matter must be absolutely certain from the writing itself, or by reference to some other writing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The true rule is, that the situation of the parties and the surrounding circumst\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ances, when the contract was made, can be shown by parol evidence, so that the court may be placed in the position of the parties themselves; and if\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the subject-matter is identified, and the terms appear reasonably certain, it is enough [to create a v
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 alid contract].
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 768 (citation omitted).  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 erefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , \'93\loch\f0 
[b]efore rejecting an agreement as indefinite, a court must be satisfied that the agreement cannot be rendered reasonably certain by reference to an extrinsic standard that makes its meaning clea\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 r.\'94\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cobble Hill Nursing Home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 548 N.E.2d at 206 (citation omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Gittes v. Cook Int\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 598 F. Supp. 717, 721 (S.D.N.Y. 1984).  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [37]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1312974 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ourts have held that agreeing to act as a \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 consultant\'94\loch\f0  on behalf of another party is sufficient to create a v\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
alid, binding contract so long as the subject matter of the consultancy is sufficiently identified.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gittes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 598 F. Supp. at 721-22 (holding that where plaintiff agreed to act as consultant on behalf of defendant, \'93\loch\f0 plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s duties are not an 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 essential term and therefore need not be reduced to writing\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  because \'93\loch\f0 both parties had a clear idea as to plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s\~\hich\f0 
skills and abilities and the work for which he held himself out as equipped\'94\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Indeed, rarely do professional services contracts set fort
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 h }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
the discrete tasks or steps a professional must undertake in order to accomplish the parties\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 goal.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In a case from the United States District Court in the Eastern District of Virginia, for example, the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was presented with a service\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
s contract indicating that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 marketing\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 selling\'94\loch\f0  activities would be performed by the plaintiff.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fransmart, LLC v. Freshii Dev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 768 F. Supp. 2d 851, 869 (E.D. Va. 2011).  The defendant argued that the agreement \'93\loch\f0 
lack[ed] the requisite specificit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y because it does not identify the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 marketing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  and \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 selling\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 activities that [the plaintiff] is obligated to perform.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   The court rejected this argument, stating that \'93\loch\f0 
[i]t is well-settled that courts will enforce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  contracts with broad performanc\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e obligations.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also McMichael v. Borough Motors, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 188 S.E.2d 721, 722-23 (N.C. Ct. App. 1972) (finding an employment contract sufficiently defined nature and extent of services where agreement stated that plaintiff would\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 be [defendant\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 s] used car manager in charge of the used car department and all the employees of that department\'94\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
  While defining specific tasks may be appropriate in some situations, \'93\loch\f0 it is often impractical to reduce performance obligations to well-de\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
fined terms because the parties do not foresee all of the possible contingencies that might arise during the course of contract performance.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fransmart, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2302083\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 768 F. Supp. 2d at 869 (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3417149\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3417149 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On the facts presented here, and as the trial \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5928594\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
correctly found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[t]he language of the [A]greement makes clear that Plaintiff is to act as a dedicated government real estate consultant to Defendant for one (1) year.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 38 at 9 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7960014\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7030929\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hen Arriola was asked at trial whe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ther he \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 knew what [PacAir] w[as] hiring [Unified] for,\'94
\loch\f0  Arriola responded by framing Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s role broadly: \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 to be a consultant, to work with GSA on this project.\'94\loch\f0   Tr. at 34 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Bench Trial);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Gittes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 598 F. Supp. at 722 (\'93\loch\f0 [I]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t bears noting that\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 used the term [\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 consultant\'94\loch\f0 ] to describe\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
and were fully aware at that time of his background and the nature of the services he had rendered to his previous employers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 ).  Furthermore, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he testimony and evidence admitted at trial indicate\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 d that the term \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 dedicated\'94\loch\f0  was included in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the Agreement in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  response to Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s request to be appointed as a consultant for 
\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 government real estate contracts in Guam . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid10056728 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at 33 (Bench Trial)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid6644523 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid6644523 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  In exchange for these service\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 s, \'93\loch\f0 Defendant is to pay Plaintiff a $500 retainer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid11227398 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and a 1% fee of the total gross rent for the guaranteed lease term, if a lease transaction is consummated.\'94\loch\f0   RA, tab 38 at 9 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid11227398 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  sufficiently states Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s rol
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e as a consultant and identified the goal of the parties, which was to obtain a lease }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with the government.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Langer v. Lemke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 49 N.W.2d 641, 644 (N.D. 1951)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93\loch\f0 
The subject matter of the contract is definitely described.  The mere fact that the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
contract may be indefinite or ambiguous in some detail that later results in a dispute between the parties does not necessarily render the contract void for lack of mutuality or meeting of the minds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The contract is not void because of uncertainty.\'94\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also Morton v. Hewitt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 202 F. Supp. 2d 394, 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11356487 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (D.V.I. App. Div. 2002), }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 78 F. App
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 x 793 (3d Cir. 2003) (rejecting argument \'93\loch\f0 that for the\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 terms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of a contract to be \hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reasonably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certain\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  they must be spelled out in detail\'94\loch\f0 ).  To the extent there was \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 any ambiguity in Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 
s role as a consultant, the document entitled \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gave }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 meaning to the term \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
consultant\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11622327\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for purposes of creating a valid contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12792358\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , regardless of whether it was incorporated by reference into the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Agreement itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  In this context, and on the unique facts of this case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12792358\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 we find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Agreement constituted a valid and binding contract.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Shann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 84 F.3d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  79 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11356487 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 determining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 whether term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 essential is based on unique facts of each case).  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whe
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ther Unified Would Interface Directly With the GSA Was Not an \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Essential\'94\loch\f0  Term of the Agreement
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12987273\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [41]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir also argues on appeal that it believed when entering into the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16262316\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 that Unified would interact directly with the GSA and \'93\loch\f0 [t]he document entit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 led \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 provided that one of the tasks was contacting the government,\'94\loch\f0  which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was a task }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified was unable to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 perform}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 7.  Because of this, PacAir claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 never had a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
meeting of the minds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reg\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arding Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s role}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  In opposition, Unified points to the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 
s finding that Unified included the post-employment restrictions for the USDA/VA project in the nine-page report \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 as a cautionary measure\'94\loch\f0  and that Lichtl woul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d have sought guidance f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
GSA if PacAir had raised the issue before signing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 greement.  Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 19 (citing RA, tab 38 at 11 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16087887 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid10056728 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid10056728 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid10056728 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   \'93\loch\f0 Whether a\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is \hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essential\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 depends on its relative importance to the parties and whether its absence would \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 make enforcing the remainder of the contract unfair to either party.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Copeland v. Baskin Robbins U.S.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 117 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3888442 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 al. Rptr. 2d 875, 879 n.3 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ct. App. 2002).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Assuming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arguendo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that Unified agreed to interface with GSA as part of the Agreement (a fact heavily \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in dispute during trial), the record does not supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ort a finding that this was an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essential term of the Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15229868\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability to perform this task therefore does not undermine the enforceability of the Agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Although the intent of the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  parties determines the meaning of the contract, the relevant intent is \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 objective\hich\f0 
\rquote \emdash \loch\f0 that\~is, the objective intent as evidenced by the words of the instrument, not a party\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s subjective intent. . . .  The true intent of a contracting party is irrelevant if \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t remains unexpressed.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Shaw}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v. Regents of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Univ.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5976024 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Cal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 67 Cal. Rptr. 2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 850, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 856}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14504424 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2577073 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  App. 1997)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, 197 P.3d at 183 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mere state of mind }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10056728 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is not the object of inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 ).  Other than Arriola\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s sub\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
jective testimony that PacAir considered this an important term, there is no evidence in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  record indicating that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 essential to the Agreement.  Indeed, Arriola admitted at trial that Unified never specifically stated that he would \'93\loch\f0 appear before th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 e GSA on behalf of PacAir\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and that it was only his \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 general belief\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that Unified would do so.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Tr. at 31-32 (Bench Trial).  Requiring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 PacAir to directly contact }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 GSA also would not be unfair to PacAir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 evidence was admitted at trial that this could, in fac\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t, be beneficial }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7030929\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in obtaining a GSA lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Tr. at 114 (Bench Trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12546840 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 That}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 parties ultimately came to dispute whether Unified agreed to personally appear before the GSA does not make }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  essential}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1006583\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for purposes of the Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [F]ew contracts would be enforceable if the existence of subsequent disputes were taken as evidence that an agreement was never reached.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 197 P.3d at 182; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Langer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 49 N.W.2d at 644}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93\loch\f0 
The mere fact that the contract may be indefinite or am\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
biguous in some detail that later results in a dispute between the parties does not necessarily render the contract void for lack of mutuality or meeting of the minds.\'94\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9633823\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Upon a review of the record, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11227615\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he court concludes that Unified inter}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 facing with the G\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 SA was not an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11227615\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
essential term of the parties\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s inability to so interact with the GSA therefore does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9633823\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
lead to the conclusion that the parties failed to have a meeting of the minds when they entered into the Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The Trial Court\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Properly Considered PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Affirmative Defense of Unclean Hands
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid12987273\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [44]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 The doctrine of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 unclean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 is an affirmative defense invoked by defendants to prevent a plaintiff from obtaining relief.\'94\loch\f0 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Top Builders, Inc. v. Tanota Partners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2012 Guam 12\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  26 (citation omitted).  This doctrine is \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
invoked when one seeking relief in equity has violated conscience, good faith or other equitable principles in his prior conduct.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citation omitted).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir contends }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the trial court failed \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
to consider its affirmative defense of unclean hands and that the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s failure to consider this affirmative defense requires reversal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10382586 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 12-14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s argument rests on the fact that the trial court refused to consider whe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ther Unified had violated 18 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0  207(a)(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , which makes it a crime for a forme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r federal employee to communicate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
or appear before a federal agency on behalf of another person for purposes of influencing a decision on a matter that the employee pre\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 viously worked on while employed by the government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s Br. at 13.  The trial court stated that it would \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
not address whether Mr. Lichtl was or would have been in violation of 18 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  207(a)(1), as pursuant to 18 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  3231\'94\loch\f0  the federal cou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rts have exclusive jurisdiction over alleged violations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that federal statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  RA, tab 38 at 13 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Essentially, PacAir argues that the trial court was required to determine whether Unified committed a criminal violation in order\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to determine whether Unified had unclean hands.  We reject this proposition.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [45]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Without question, in determining whether a party comes to a cou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rt of equity with unclean hands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the existence of a statute making }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  conduct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 illegal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may properly be c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 onsidered}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  need not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 specific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ally determine whether a crime was committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 in order to determine whether a party has unclean hands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 As PacAir admits in its opening brief, \'93\loch\f0 [t]he court below was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  asked to determine a criminal violatio\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n on the part of Mr. Lichtl, the court was asked to determine whether Mr. Lichtl had unclean hands, and [}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid2577073 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  an affirmative defense, in order to determine whether the court should hear his complaint.\'94\loch\f0   Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 13 (emphasis added).  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A party may \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 have unclean hands even if innocent of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  crim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2634514\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11208969\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 vice versa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13966020\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [46]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13966020 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While the affirmative defense of unclean hands and a claim of criminal culpability may be closely related on the facts of a specific case, they are not the same.  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hese inquir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2577073 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 es have di\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fferent standards of proof}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; a defense}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of unclean hands need only be proven by a preponderance of the evidence, while criminal liability must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Furthermore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 although a person may be a victim of a criminal act, the ultimat\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e party aggrieved in a criminal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4599437\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 public at large}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9598913\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , as represented by the state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
  Victims are not allowed to personally bring a criminal prosecution in their own name against another; their remedy lies in a civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3694094\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 These differences,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  among others, require us to reject PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s proposition.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [47]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 As a factual matter, the trial court rejected a finding that \'93\loch\f0 Mr. Lichtl engaged in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1996274\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 
unconscionable, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 bad faith, or inequitable conduct.\hich\f0 \rquote \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14315017\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 38 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14315017\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13654302 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14315017 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On this basis\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , the trial court concluded its analysis by expressly stating: \'93\loch\f0 the Court finds that Defendant\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 s affirmative defense of unclean hands does not apply in this case\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and, thus, \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Plaintiff is not precluded from recovery.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12987273\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Contrary to PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s argument, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11227615\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t is clear from the record that the trial court considered\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 and rejected\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s affirmative defense of unclean hands.  This determination is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11015468\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11227615\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affirmed.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1736078\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid2235630 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The Trial Court Committed Reversible Error i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9598913\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n Awarding Damages Based on an I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mproper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9598913\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pplicat\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ion of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Quantum Meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Theory of Recovery 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5723391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [48]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 PacAir next argues on appeal that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [t]here is no legal basis for the
\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 damages awarded by the court below.  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 12.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9598913\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Among other things, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PacAir takes issue with the fact that Un\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ified was awarded $56,528 in damages based upon one night of work prior to the signing of the parties\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0  contract, while the evidence at trial established that Unified worked for a fee of $100}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2577073 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hour.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid476114 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
at 11.  In opposition, Unified argues that providi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ng the nine-page report constituted partial performance under the Agreement, it is entitled to the reasonable value for its services preparing that report, and industry custom dictates that reasonable value should be derived from a percentage of the lease
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 value, not an hourly r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14881378 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ate.  Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 20-25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s43 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14498620\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s43\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Parties\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
 Respective Positions and the Trial Court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15274748\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supplemental }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Findings of Fact
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s43\ql \li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid14498620\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [49]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 its }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ruling that Unified had satisfied the elements of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7030929 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
a claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, the trial court orde\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 red the parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
to submit documentation showing the value of the services Plaintiff provided through the nine-page summary report dated October 18, 2011.\'94\loch\f0   RA, tab 38 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
at 12 (Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In its post-trial submission, Unified argued tha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t it had completed 80% of the work it was required to perform under the Agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 42, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 C (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl, Nov. 11, 2015).  This included five specific categories, each allocated a percentage of the total work called for under the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Agreement and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 followed by a brief description.  These categories included: (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
Research government opportunities via }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422\charrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 www.fbo.gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  allocated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  10%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; (ii) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Identify properties for GSA opportunity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 allocated 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 %}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; (iii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid15430422 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Research typical GSA rent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s and qualify\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  all properties,\'94\loch\f0  allocated }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 20%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; (iv) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Notify owners of poten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 tial to do business with GSA,\'94\loch\f0 
 allocated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; and (v) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Prepare strategy for client}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  allocated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  25%}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid476114 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [51]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In addition to these five categories, Lichtl also listed three other categories }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 work }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
that he admitted he was unable to perform.  These tasks included: (i) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Submit initial offers to GSA\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; (ii) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Submit revised offers to GSA\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ; and (iii) \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Review Lease Award details.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid476114 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 These three tasks purportedly accounted }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 collectively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for 20% of th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e total amount of work required under the Agreement.  Based on its claim to have completed 80% of the work called for under the Agreement, Unified argued that the value of its services were $64,603}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , which was calculated based upon the final lease value awa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rded to PacAir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811246 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and the terms of the Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15430422\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid476114 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid476114\charrsid16602817 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [52]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
PacAir argued in its supplemental post-trial submission\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 filed the same day as Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s supplemental submission\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 that the information contained in the nine-page report \'93
\loch\f0 is common knowledge within Gu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 am,\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and to the extent that it is not, \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the information provided is found at . . . three (3) websites.\'94\loch\f0 
  RA, tab 44 at 2 (Submission of Def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Nine-Page Summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Arriola supported this argument with a sworn affidavit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   In addition, PacAir argued that L\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ichtl \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 testified that he imagined he stayed up all night preparing\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the nine-page report, \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 but [he] could give no specific information how long it took him.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 2.  This testimony, coupled with the fact that Lichtl valued his own work at a rate of $100}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 hour, meant that even \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[a]ssuming that it took Mr. Lichtl an entire [eight-hour] day . . . to prepare the nine-page document, . . . that would entitle [Unified] to $800.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Finally, PacAir argued that \'93\loch\f0 [t]he report was of no benefit to . . . PacA\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ir in [its] subsequent involvement with GSA procurement.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4485987\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [53]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
In the Supplemental Findings, the court found that the nine-page report accounted for three specific tasks in the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Government Leasing Consultants\'94\loch\f0  document, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14817522\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 45 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14817522\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Finds\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , which sets forth at least twenty separate consulting tasks, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 12, Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 C (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl, Feb. 24, 2014).  While noting that recovery under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is generally measured by an hourly rate, the court stated that it \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 would \'93\loch\f0 not speculate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8811246 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [on] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the amount of time Mr. Lichtl could ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ve spent working on the report, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  award Plaintiff an h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7869473 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourly charge, as Defendant requests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 45 at 3 (Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.) (citations omitted).  Rather, relying upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  what \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it termed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 
well-recognized exceptions based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15430422 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
clear and accepted market place conventions,\'94\loch\f0  the trial court measured the value of Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s services based upon a percentage of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contingent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811246 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 value}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 2-3.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4485987\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [54]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court then reviewe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
d the five categories that Unified claimed accounted for 80% of the total work it was required to perform under the Agreement.  The trial court rejected awarding damages for the first category\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 i.e., \'93\loch\f0 
[r]esearch[ing] government opportunities via www.fbo.go\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 because it was \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 completed before Plaintiff contacted Defendant.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 3.  Excluding this one category, the court adopted the remainder of Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s argument and awarded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unified}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  damages totaling $56,528 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid2235630\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Trial Court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Measure o
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f Damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Was Improper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4485987\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[55]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Where a party breaches a valid contract, damages are awarded in order to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 protect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12979379\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 one or more of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid421075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
three separate interests held by the non-breaching party: (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 expectancy interest; (ii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reliance interest; and (iii) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 res\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 titution interest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid16602817 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Second) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  344.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3562698\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At issue in this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14117171\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3562698\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 is the appropriate amount of restitution damages owed to Unified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs24\super\insrsid14438262\charrsid1250054 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13654302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\super\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 In its Initial Findings, the trial court determined that Unified was entitled to $500 in expectancy damages.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 38}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Finds. F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 act & Concl. L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 Pursuant to the contract, the Court orders Defendant to pay Plaintiff the $500 retainer fee.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   However, the Court does not grant Plaintiff
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s request for the 1% fee of the total gross rent for the guaranteed lease term . . . .\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14117171 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  PacAir did not separately appe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3432763 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 al the award of this amount; it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14117171 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 challenged this award only to the extent that it challeng
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 es whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the parties entered into }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14117171 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a valid contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14438262 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14117171 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Unified also did not cross-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid421075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeal this award of expectancy}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14117171 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  damages.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid12979379 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The court therefore leaves the award of $500 in expectancy damages in place following this appeal.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3562698\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Restitution damages are awarded where a party has partially \'93\loch\f0 furnish[ed] services under the contra\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ct\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 and requires \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the other party to disgorge the benefit that he has received by returning it to the party who conferred it.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid16602817 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14156220\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7
\loch\f0  344 cmt. a.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3562698\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7756463\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4485987\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [56]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tanaguchi-Ruth + Assocs. v. MDI Guam Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , this court for the first time explained the doctrinal un
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 derpinnings of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  as a theory of equitable recovery in our jurisdiction.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2005 Guam 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 As the court noted in that case, \'93\loch\f0 the nature of the\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 theory of recovery has been the subject of much confusion.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid4485987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  23.  \'93\loch\f0 The measure of r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ecovery for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, whether under the theory of an implied-in-fact contract, or a quasi-contract, is the value of the services, measuring the value in the labor market where the service itself was sought by the defendant.\'94\~\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid4485987 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  25 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
citation and i\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nternal quotation marks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5732220\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5723391\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 omitted).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The reasonable value of those services \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 may be found in a variety of ways.\'94
\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14315017\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Asia Pac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14315017\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Hotel Guam, Inc. v. Dongbu Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14315017 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14315017\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2015 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0  28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12979379 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1969553\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [57]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1969553 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At its core, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 damages awarded in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  form of restitution\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  damages.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Third) of Restitution and Unjust Enrichment }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  39 cmt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063064 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063064 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  22 Am. Jur. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8063064\charrsid14893204 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063064 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  70}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid9306837\charrsid9306837 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Damages measured by the value of performance go by various names, including both \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 restitution\hich\f0 
\rquote \loch\f0  and \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 reliance\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  as well as \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 quantum meruit.\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid9306837 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 But}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  b}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ecause }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  claims are not based on an underlying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7893961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 written }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contract, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12979379\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tanaguchi-Ruth + Assocs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12979379\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2005 Guam 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  25, \'93\loch\f0 the amount to which }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [a plaintiff]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 is entitled is measured not by the contract price but rather by the reasonable valu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 e of services rendered,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 New Windsor Volunteer Ambulance Corps, Inc. v. Meyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 442 F.3d 101, 118 (2d Cir. 2006)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063064 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (internal quotation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 marks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8063064 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Although the contract price is evidence of the benefit, it is not conclusive.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Restatement (Second) of C\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ontracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  374 cmt. b (1981); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14315017 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14315017 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14315017 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Oliver v. Campbell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14315017 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 273 P.2d 15, 19 (Cal. 1954)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid15221044 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (en banc)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid8063064 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   The \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 [c]ontract price and the reasonable value of services rendered are two separate things.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Maglica v. Maglica}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14893204 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid4137281 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 78 Cal. Rptr. 2d 101, 105 (Ct. App. 1998).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8811246 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [P]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
roof of reasonable value may not be accomplished simply by plaintiff stating the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 standard price\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0  which the plaintiff usually charges for a particular job.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kinetic Energy Dev. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 22 S.W.3d at 698}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Rather, \'93\loch\f0 
[t]here must be te\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 stimony or other evidence that the rate claimed was objectively reasonable in the marketplace.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 w.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Ariz. Fruit & Irrigation Co. v. Cameron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 141 P. 572, 572-73 (Ariz. 1914)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 holding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for an award based on partial perfo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 rmance \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid7736481 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it is incumbent on plaintiff to prove such value by evidence dehors the contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2450506\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7282128 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14440162\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [58]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440162 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In awarding damages, the trial court relied solely on Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s post-trial affidavit.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
RA, tab 45 at 3-4 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 L.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  This affidavit\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , however, failed to properly analyze the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 value of services\'94
\loch\f0  by conflating this concept with the contract price contained in the Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14498620 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Exhibit C to Lichtl\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s post-trial declaration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 clearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  indicates that his calculation of damages was \'93\loch\f0 per [the] cont\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ract.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid16602817 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4137281 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 C.  No independent analysis regarding the value of Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s services w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  performed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4145743 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14315017 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\super\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Lichtl did attach various oth\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
er agreements to his po}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid421075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 st-trial affidavit.  As indicated in the affidavit, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
these documents were submitted solely to show that Unified \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 offers the same services to all [its] clients for a fixed commission\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and \'93\loch\f0 [a] negotiated fixed commission based on a per
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 centage of the total gross rent . . . is an acceptable form of consideration.\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0   RA, tab 42 \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  5-6 (Decl. of Anthony Lichtl, Nov. 11, 2015).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid421075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Even had these documents been submitted for the purpose of proving the market value of Unified\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s services}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid421075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3432763 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sufficient to justify the award of damages in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Carlino v. Kaplan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , a case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1259413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  relied upon in reaching its damages calculatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1259413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n, the court rejected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  similar evidence for establishing a market value of services because the submitt\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ed contracts, like those submitted by Unified here, did\~\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
not follow any well-established convention, but var[ied] greatly in defining the scope of services provided by the consultants, the length of time over which the services were to be delivered, and t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 e amounts of consulting fees and incentive payments that the [relevant industry clients] agreed to pay.\'94\loch\f0   139 F. Supp. 2d 563, 566 (S.D.N.Y. 2001); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also Learning Annex Holdings, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 860 F. Supp. 2d 237, 248 (S.D.N.Y.  2012), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4145743\charrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 652 F. App\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 x 67 (2d
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Cir. 2016) (refusing to value services based upon a percentage method, in part, because no evidence was admitted showing where plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s services might fall in the range acceptable throughout the marketplace).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4092541 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Rather, the trial court awarded what amounted to a percentage of a percentage of the final lease value awarded to PacAir.  This was improper under a the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ory of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440162 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4145743 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid14440162\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [59]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14440162 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 As Unified admitted during oral arguments, it neither pled nor litigated a separate claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3432763\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Implicit in this admission is the fact that Unified never submitted evidence of the market value for its services.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Nevertheless, the trial court held }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  after the close of evidence at trial that Unified had satisfied the elements of such a claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\fs24\super\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14315017 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs22\f0\super\insrsid6708075\charrsid6708075 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6708075\charrsid6708075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Whether this was appropriate was not ra\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ised by the parties in their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 briefing, so t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9306837 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14421030 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9306837 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  currently before the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11549916 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ur Opinion today should not be read as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1259413 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 approving of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6708075\charrsid6708075 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6833099 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   It thereafter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  purported to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
award Unified what it believed was the value of the work Unified completed under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9306837\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reement.  In this procedural context}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid421075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it appears that the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 actually intended to award damages directly under the contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (rather than for a separate claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
similar to the method this court approved of in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts, Inc. v.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  G.C. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2013 Guam 18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4092541 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15999304\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [60]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999304 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , we noted that \'93\loch\f0 in a contracts case, a party in breach \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 
is entitled to restitution for any benefit that he has conferred by way of part performance.\hich\f0 \rquote \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\loch\f0  47 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Top Builders,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 \~\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2012 Guam 12 \'b6\loch\f0  61\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6314852\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   In determining the amount of restitution damages to be awarded, the court ordered the trial court on remand to \'93\loch\f0 
produce a percentage which best approximates the amount of work completed, and base its award on that number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid6692865 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\loch\f0  50.  After determining\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  this percentage, we instructed the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 court to use this percentage to then \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 figure out the total amount due based on the construction contract sum.\'94\loch\f0 
  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid6692865 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0 
 51.  In calculating an award using this method, however, the court made clear that this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 award wa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s based upon a breach of contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 what the court referred to as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 equitable compensatory damages\'94
\emdash \loch\f0 not an award of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid6692865 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875923\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875923\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6833099 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7277118\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [61]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The result reached in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was, in many respects, idiosyncratic.  Basing an award upon a per\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 centage of the work completed was appropriate in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 because the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contract at issue in that case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  called for monthly \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 progress payments\'94\loch\f0 
 based upon the amount of work completed at the time of each payment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid6692865 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 
\'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2712577 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  3-4.  Moreover, the contract pr
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ice in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was a fixed amount, not contingent upon the occurrence of some event or based upon a percentage of an as-yet-undetermined amount.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid6692865 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4328041\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  3.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6708075\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7277118\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [62]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A handful of other cases have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 permitted an award of contract damages based upon \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a percentage of the work completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 under a contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Similar to the contract at issue in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , however, e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ach of those cases dealt with a contract }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a fixed fee.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Sea Bryte, Inc. v. Hudson Marine Mgmt. Servs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 565 F.3d 1293, 1301-02 (1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1th Cir. 2009); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Plunkett & Cooney, P.C. v. Capitol Bancorp Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 536 N.W.2d 886, 889-90 (Mich. Ct. App. 1995)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  Those cases also make clear that an award of damages based upon a percentage of the work completed is an award for breach of contract, not a sep\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 arate claim for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Sea Bryte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 565 F.3d at 1301-02 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14420316 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [W]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
e agree with the district court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s rejection of quantum meruit damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ervin Constr. Co. v. Van Orden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1259413 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1259413 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
874 P.2d 506, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3293874\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3293874 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3293874\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (1993) (awarding damages for breach of cont\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ract);}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Roof Sys., Inc. v. Johns Manville Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1259413 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1259413 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid6645893 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 130 S.W.3d 430, 442 (Tex. App. 2004) (same)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706280 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid14881378 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706280\charrsid14881378 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2916300 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3432763 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  unable to find any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  case in any jurisdiction that has based an award of damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on a percentage of the work completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706280 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  under a contract, wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ere the ul\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 timate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706280 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 amount owed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14817522 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 under the contract is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  derivative of, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contingent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 upon, the occurrence of some future event}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3293874 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5706280 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to do so in this case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15875923 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 improper, regardless of whether the award was based upon a claim for breach of contract o
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r a claim for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quantum meruit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14421030 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15875923 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5203211\charrsid5203211 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Upon our review of the record in this case, it is clear that the trial court relied upon an improper methodology in determining its award of damages.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875923 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The Supplemental Findings and the award of damages are therefore vacated. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid1250054 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s43 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5706280\charrsid5706280 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s43\ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid5706280\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5706280\charrsid5706280 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Further Proceedings on Remand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6645893\charrsid5706280 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7277118\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [63]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875923\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On remand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15875923\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the court is instructed to determine the amount of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14438262\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 restitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15875923\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 damages that Unified is entitled to as a result of PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s breach of contract.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11549916\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 According to the Restatement, r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 estitution damages are measured i
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 n one of the two following ways: \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
(a) the reasonable value to the other party of what he received in terms of what it would have cost him to obtain it from a person in the claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14438262\charrsid1250054 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 
\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s position, or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b) the extent to which the other party\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s property has been \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
increased in value or his other interests advanced.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Second) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2180447\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  371.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9508689 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7277118\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [64]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7277118 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In its Supplemental Findings, the trial court stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7869473 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ed that it would \'93\loch\f0 
not speculate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the amount of time Mr. Lichtl could have spent working on the report.\'94\loch\f0   \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
RA, tab 45 at 3 (Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2712577 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Finds. Fact & }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4485987 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Concl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L.).  We vacate that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 decision today}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , along with the rest of the Supplemental Findings.  In doing so, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 remind the trial court that it is plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s burden to prove the amount of damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Merchant v\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . Nanyo Realty, Inc.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1998 Guam 26 \'b6\loch\f0  18 (noting plaintiff has burden of proof on issue of damages).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  We further note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  this court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  wherein we stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 : \'93\loch\f0 We are mindful of the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s concern that it could not come \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
up with an exact figure as a result of conflicting and uncertain testimony and evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2013 Guam 18 \'b6\loch\f0  50. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1259413 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16284096\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he court need not be absolutely certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1259413 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16284096\charrsid14438262 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid15999397 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the amount of damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1259413 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid2916300 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16284096 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 only a \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 reasonable certainty\'94\loch\f0  is required, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Second) of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076\charrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  352 (1981)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076\charrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Damages are not recoverable for loss beyond an amount that the evidence permits to be established with reasonable certainty.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076\charrsid408076 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Where a non-breaching party suffers no loss or is unable to prove any loss upon competent evidence, an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  award of nominal damages is appropriate.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid408076 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \scaps\f0\fs24\insrsid408076\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
estatement (Second) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076\charrsid2712577 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  346(2).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076\charrsid14420316 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid408076 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid14420316 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ince the party seeking restitution is responsible for posing the problem of measurement of benefit, doubts will be resolved against him . . . .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid14893204 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Restatement (Sec\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ond) of Contracts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid14420316 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  374 cmt. b (1981).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16284096\charrsid1250054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15956720\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [65]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9508689\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In determining whether Unified is entitled to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14438262\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 restitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9508689\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 damages, the trial court \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 should rely on findings of fact already made\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13597512\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in its Initial Findings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9508689\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 to the extent possible and it \'93\loch\f0 
need not otherwise rehear\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  evidence.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9508689\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam Resorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9508689\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2013 Guam 18 \'b6\loch\f0  50.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509\charrsid1250054 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The court, however, \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509\charrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 may take new evidence if it believes doing so would be necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509\charrsid1521509 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509\charrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509\charrsid6692865 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Should the court take additional evidence, this evidence should be taken in the context of a trial with all of its \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 attendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 protections, including the right to cross-examination of witnesses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509\charrsid1250054 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10962438\charrsid1250054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6819208 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid4485792\charrsid9720777 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 V.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid15492142\charrsid9720777 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid5257515\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16084261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15956720\charrsid16084261 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [66]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3944129 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons set forth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6321700 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15999397 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1521509\charrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s determination that a valid contract existed between the parties and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6637683 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  rejection\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of PacAir\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s affirmative defense of unclean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13767337 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  hands}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15956720 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In addition, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1521509\charrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 VACATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Supplemental Findings and the Judgment entered in this case and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1521509\charrsid15999397 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion, including a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4069162 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1521509 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial on the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  issue of damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3279281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 deemed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3279281 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16284096 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10639901\charrsid8326057 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15628599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2835472 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid86048 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2835472\charrsid9720777 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15628599 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15628599 
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft5038\shptop257\shpright9374\shpbottom257\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt0\shpz1\shplid1034{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 32}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockRotation}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAspectRatio}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockPosition}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstSelect}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockVerticies}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAdjustHandles}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstGrouping}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLockShapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv Straight Arrow Connector 8}}{\sp{\sn metroBlob}{\sv {\*\svb 
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{\sp{\sn fLockRotation}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAspectRatio}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockPosition}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstSelect}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockVerticies}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAdjustHandles}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstGrouping}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLockShapeType}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv Straight Arrow Connector 7}}{\sp{\sn metroBlob}{\sv {\*\svb 
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