{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff37\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi37\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050405020303}Georgia;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f492\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f493\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f495\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f496\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f497\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f498\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f499\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f500\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f503\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f505\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f507\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f508\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}
{\f509\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f510\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f512\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f513\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f515\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f516\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f517\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f518\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f519\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f520\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f832\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f833\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f835\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f836\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f839\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f840\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f862\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f863\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f865\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f866\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f869\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f870\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f872\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f873\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}
{\f875\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f876\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f877\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f878\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f879\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f880\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f881\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f952\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}
{\f953\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f955\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f956\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}{\f959\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;
\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red102\green102\blue102;}{\*\defchp \loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37 }{\*\defpap 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \spriority0 Normal;}{\s1\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs48\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs48\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 heading 1;}{\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb360\sa80\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs36\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs36\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 heading 2;}{\s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb280\sa80\sl276\slmult1
\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink27 \spriority0 heading 3;}{\s4\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa40\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 heading 4;}{\s5\ql \li0\ri0\sb220\sa40\sl276\slmult1
\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel4\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 heading 5;}{\s6\ql \li0\ri0\sb200\sa40\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel5\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 heading 6;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sb480\sa120\sl276\slmult1\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs72\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs72\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 Title;}{\s16\ql \li0\ri0\sb360\sa80\sl276\slmult1
\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af46\afs48\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs48\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f46\hich\af46\dbch\af46\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \spriority0 Subtitle;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \sunhideused \styrsid12275089 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid12275089 
Header Char;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \sunhideused \styrsid12275089 footer;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid12275089 
Footer Char;}{\s21\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext21 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid3829220 List Paragraph;}{\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext22 \slink23 \sunhideused \styrsid11684421 footnote text;}{\*\cs23 \additive 
\fs20\cf0\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37 \slink22 \slocked \styrsid11684421 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs24 \additive \super \sunhideused \styrsid11684421 footnote reference;}{
\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f38\hich\af38\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid13060553 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs26 \additive \f38\fs16 \slink25 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid13060553 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs27 \additive \b\fs28 \slink3 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid6883484 
Heading 3 Char;}{\*\cs28 \additive \fs16 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid9840902 annotation reference;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid9840902 annotation text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \fs20 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid9840902 
Comment Text Char;}{\s31\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon29 \snext29 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid9840902 annotation subject;}{\*\cs32 \additive \b\fs20 
\slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid9840902 Comment Subject Char;}{\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext33 \shidden \ssemihidden \styrsid14573384 Revision;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid13595820 co_starpage;}{\*
\cs35 \additive \ul\cf2 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid13595820 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs36 \additive \i \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid13595820 Emphasis;}{\s37\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext37 \sqformat \spriority1 \styrsid1855226 No Spacing;}{\*\ts38\tsrowd\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
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\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713
\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
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{\title 2017 Guam 26}{\subject People v. Kanistus}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2017\mo12\dy29\hr15\min37}{\revtim\yr2017\mo12\dy29\hr15\min39}{\printim\yr2017\mo12\dy11\hr9\min27}{\version4}{\edmins2}
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\par 
\par 
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\f0\fs24\insrsid14174797\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 ,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6184465\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BERNA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16345737 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6184465\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DINO R. KANISTUS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16345737 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8089412\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14174797\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8273203\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2515437 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2515437\charrsid14970738 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA16-010
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Superior Court Case No.: CF0281-15
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qc \li0\ri0\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs36\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs36\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5662418 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid5662418\charrsid5662418 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed:  December 29, 2017
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid2184074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4917566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal from the Superi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or Court of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14174797\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 March 2, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8809956\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14970738 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6883484 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737\charrsid14970738 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10884315\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clcbpatraw8 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clcbpatraw8 \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10884315 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16345737\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Leevin T. Camacho, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Law Office of Leevin T. Camacho  
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 194 Hernan Cortez Ave., Ste. 216  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10884315 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU 96910
\par 
\par \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16345737\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appearing f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
or Plaintiff-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Yo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 av S. Sered, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10884315 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Assistant Attorney General

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10884315 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of the Attorney General

\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Prosecution Division
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10884315 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10568323\charrsid10884315 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 590 S. Marine Corps Dr.
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af37 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4671631 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10884315\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clcbpatraw8 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \clcbpat8\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clcbpatraw8 \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4671631 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14970738\charrsid14970738 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ROBERT J. TORRES}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Associate \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5132037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3561967 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CARBULLIDO, J.:

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant Bern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1532271\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1532271\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 dino R. Kanistus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420586\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeals his conviction by jury for attempted murder, arguing}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court erred by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420586\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 giving deficient jury}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420586\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  did not require the jury to find }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420586\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 su}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pport his conviction on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10420586\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a theory of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 accomplice liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In response, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Plaintiff-Appellee People of Guam (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  maintain that the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s instructions were sufficient under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid482202 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid482202\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2013 Guam 15}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid482202 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16345737\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v. Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid482202 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid482202\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2004 Guam 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons stated herein, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16345737\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14680691\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the conviction.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7475112 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6388399 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s37\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus and Saul Sos got into an argument that escalated into a physical altercation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  During witness testimony, Kanistus was often referred to by the witnesses as the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 bald man.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Kanistus is als\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
o referred to by the witnesses at trial as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Ready.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6388399\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Transcript (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Tr.\'94\loch\f0 ) at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid6388399\delrsid6388399\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 24 (Jury Trial, July 14, 2015);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1403907\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Tr. at 175 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8606034\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Jury Trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
July 15, 2015).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BJ Johnny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13197913\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Witnesses at trial also refer to B.J. Johnny as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 CO.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at 13-14 (Jury Trial, July 14, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2015).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s co-defendant, began shooting pieces of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rebar at Sos using a slingshot.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sos then ran at Johnny wielding a machete, which he subsequently used to attack Johnny.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13130818 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  At trial, Saul Sos was also known by witnesses as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Cabbage\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0  and was referred to as \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Cabbage\'94\loch\f0  during the prosecution\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s case-in-chief. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at 175 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid8606034\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Jury Trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 July 15, 2015).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus, Johnny, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 third co-defendant, Siren Nathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  all ended up fighting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sos.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 During the melee, Kanistus got behind S\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
os and started choking him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While this was happening, Johnny and Nathan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 struck}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Sos\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s head and legs with machetes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The fight continued until witnesses intervened, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 one witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 striking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus in the face with her fist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After being struck, Kanistus \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and the other co-defendants stopped their attack.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 When the fight was over, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus, Johnny, and Nathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  got into a car while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  remained lying unconscious on the ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Kanistus sat on the passenger seat, Nathan sat on the back seat, and Johnny sat on \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the driver\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s seat.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Johnny then drove the vehicle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  over Sos\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s legs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People initially charged Kanistus with two counts of Attempted Murder and two counts of Aggravated Assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3474758\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for the first count of Attempted Murder that Kanistu
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
intentionally or knowingly attempt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Sos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s death and, by way of special allegation, that he used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 an automobile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to do so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 its second count }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on the theory that Kanistus had aided and abetted Johnny and Nathan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
second cou\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt read:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5132037 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On or about the 2}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 day of May 2015, in Guam, [Kanistus] did commit the offense of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Attempted Murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , in that he did, with the intention of promoting or assisting in the commission of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 attempted murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , a violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7\loch\f0  16.40(a)(1) and 13.10,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 induce and aid [Johnny] and [Nathan] to commit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 attempted murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , by restraining [Sos] while [Johnny] and [Nathan] struck him with a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 machete}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  violation of 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin360\itap0\pararsid3561967 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3561967 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8606034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Record on Appeal (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 RA\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8606034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 tab 15 at 4-5 (Indictment, May 14, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6776853\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Superseding\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Indictment and Amended Superseding Indictment returned against Kanistus contained the identical charge of attempted murder based on the theory that Kanistus had aided and abetted Johnny and Nathan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8853133\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 identified as the Fifth Charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11368859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Indictments also cont\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ained a charge of attempted murder, which included a special allegation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13197913\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11368859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 possession and use of a deadly weapon\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
an automobile\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 in the commission of a felony, which was identified as the Seventh Charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After the close of evidence, the trial court instr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ucted the jury that the following were the essential elements of the Fifth Charge, Attempted Murder based on the theory of aiding and abetting:

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid482202 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[T]he essential elements of attempted murder as a first-degree felony, charge five }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9393890\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the People must prove beyo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
nd a reasonable doubt that [Kanistus], one, on or about the 2nd day of May, 2015, two, in Guam, three, did with the intention of promoting or assisting in the commission of attempted murder, four, induce and aid [Johnny] and [Nathan] to commit attempted m
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rder by restraining [Sos] while [Johnny] and [Nathan] struck him with a machete. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He did not act in reasonable self-defense, five.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10108239 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1403907\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  225 (Jury Trial, July 17, 2015).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11368859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gave the following instruction to the jury regarding the Seventh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Charge of Attempted Murder:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid482202 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[T]he essential elements of attempted murder as a first-degree felony, noted in charge seven of the indictment against [Kanistus] \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  and it reads, the People must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about the 2nd day of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 May, 2015, two, in Guam, three, he intentionally or knowingly attempted to cause the death of another human being, that is, [Sos].
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11368859 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 227.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The jury was also instructed on self-defense and mere presence.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Importantly, before providing the jury with ins\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
tructions on attempted murder based on the theory of aiding and abetting and on attempted murder itself, the trial court also provided the jury with instructions on complicity and criminal homicide as to both defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court read the following\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  complicity instruction to the jury:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid482202 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[G]uilt established by complicity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10046045\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
a person is guilty of an offense if, with the intention of promoting or assisting in the commission of the offense, he induces or aids another person to commit the offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10046045\charrsid14970738 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid228592 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid228592\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 11-12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court also read the following criminal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid228592\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 homicide instruction to the jury:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid482202 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
[M]urder defined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10046045\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
criminal homicide constitutes murder when it is committed intentionally or knowingly or is committed recklessly under circumstances manifesting \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 extreme indifference to the value of human life.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Murder is a felony of the first degree.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3561967 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 215. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Neither of the parties objected to the instructions given at trial.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7359797\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The jury found Kanistus guilty of the Fifth Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of attempted murder based on a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ccomplice liability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 acquitted him of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Seventh Charge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of attempted murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus timely filed this appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7475112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7359797\charrsid7359797 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999329 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7234281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 II.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid10253391 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This court has jurisdiction over }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 an appeal from a final judgment of conviction pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 115}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6047881\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 90 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ))}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10046045\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  7 GCA \'a7\'a7\loch\f0  3107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and 3108(a) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and 8 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 130.10 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 130.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999329 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7234281 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 III.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12477932\charrsid10253391 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid482202 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 When no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
party objects to the jury instructions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , we review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for plain error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
People v. Gargarita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 015 Guam 28 \'b6\loch\f0  11 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6\loch\f0  8).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Plain error is highly prejudicial error, which this court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 will not reverse unless (1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious under current law; (3) the error affected substantia
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11411932\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6\loch\f0  19}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12477932\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999329 \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9654632 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 IV.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3561967\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 NALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid10253391 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [10]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11548935\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sole }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 issue on appeal is w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mmitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rror }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ailing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nstruct the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ury that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 equired to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ind that Kanistus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ad the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pecific }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ntent to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ause the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ictim\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9766952\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eath.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13708243 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9963908\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the Trial Court Committed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Error
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To begin our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  plain error analysis, we first address whether\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court committed an error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Kanistus contends that the jury instructions given by the trial court were lacking an essential element of the crime Kanistus was charged with committing, thus constituting error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2823931\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dec. 6, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 He argues that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 there was no explanation\'94\loch\f0 
 that in order to find him guilty of attempted murder, the jury was required to make a finding that he possessed the intent to commit that offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Importantly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argues that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4086018\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the instructions were confusing\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 because they were read as general instructions related to all charges, rather than related to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4086018\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 specific underlying charge of which he was convicted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [12]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
proffered instructions accurately stated the relevant law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9465312\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
s it related to the attempted murder charge based on accomplice liability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 garita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2015 Guam 28 \'b6\loch\f0  14 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6\loch\f0  9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In doing so, a single jury instruction should not be judged in artificial isolation, but should be conside\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 red and reviewed as a whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Jones}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2006 Guam 13 \'b6\loch\f0  28); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10946513 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Boyd v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 494 U.S. 370, 378 (1990).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid937943\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [13]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Jury instructions are better appreciated against a background of the elements as provided by the relevant statutes a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd case law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
First, murder is criminal homicide that is committed intentionally or knowingly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  16.40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2823931\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Second, a person }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10305215\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
guilty of attempt to commit a crime when, \'93\loch\f0 with intent to engage in conduct which would constitute such crime were th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
e circumstances as he believes them to be, he performs or omits to perform an act which constitutes a substantial step toward commission of the crime.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  13.10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2823931\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Next, Title 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the Guam Code Annotated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also dictates how a person is found gui\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lty under the theory of accomplice liability:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid937943\charrsid14970738 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A person is guilty of an offense if, with the intention of promoting or assisting in the commission of the offense, he induces or aids another person to commit the offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If the definition of the offense in\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
cludes lesser offenses, the offense of which each person shall be guilty shall be determined according to his own culpable mental state and to those aggravating or mitigating factors which apply to him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4086018\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10253391\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14247729 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14247729\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4086018\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 CA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4086018\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2823931\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14247729\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Intent is defined in Guam law \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 as follows: \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
A person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to his conduct or to a result thereof when it is his conscious purpose to engage in the conduct or cause the result.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.30(a) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10305215\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [S]pecific intent to kill is a necessary\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  element of attempted murder.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Acero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15151738\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 208 Cal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5836107\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15151738\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rptr. 565, 569 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15151738\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ct. App. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1984).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Thus, to convict an aider and abettor of attempted murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 a jury must find the aider and abettor shared the perpetrator\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s specific intent to kill.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14247729\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kani\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 stus cites instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from states }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9177783 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 modeled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9177783\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
aiding and abetting statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13130818 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s aiding and abetting statute is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 modeled after statutes from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  M\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
assachusetts, New Jersey, and California. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7
\loch\f0  4.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2490961 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  SOURCE.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and argues that all of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se states}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  explicitly requi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14617629\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 re a finding of specific intent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  while Guam does not make such a requirement clear.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 8-12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 As support, Kanistus offers the model instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Massachusetts and New Jersey.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15151738\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  SOURCE.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
He argues that these model instructions make clear that a finding of specific intent is required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 8-12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid4999329 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid2490961 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 With\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  respect to the specific intent requirement, Massachusetts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 instruction for aiding and abetting provides, in pertinent part, that the \'93\loch\f0 defendant knowingly and intentionally participated in some meaningful way in the commission of the alleged offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14040299 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 and [defendant] did so with the intent required for that offense.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 8 (quoting Mass. Crim. Model Jury Inst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2490961 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 4.200 (2011)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 New Jersey\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s model instruction similarly makes it clear that a finding of specific intent is required by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 compelling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a sh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 owing that the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
defendant possessed the criminal state of mind that is required to be proved against the person who actually committed the act.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (quoting N.J. Model Jury Charge (Criminal) 2C:2-6 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Accomplice\'94\loch\f0  (Nov. 2016)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14247729\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus also offers cas\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e law from California, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 consistently held that specific intent is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8789442\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7341086\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  attempted murder, along with a few cases from this jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14581501\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14581501\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 10-12; Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Reply Br. at 1-3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7764427\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Feb. 7, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14581501\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus is cor\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rec}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t to the extent that New Jersey, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Massachusetts}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11302398\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7341086\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15143784\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 California, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7341086\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 require a finding of specific intent to support a conviction based on the theory of accomplice liability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3871530\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To that extent, we do not dispute the underlying propo
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sition of the cases Kanistus has offered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12540999\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In response to Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s arguments, the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 retort}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  that Kanistus \'93\loch\f0 does not dispute that the challenged jury instruction accurately tracks the statutory language on accomplice liability as set out in 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5321366 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [GCA\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  4.60.
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9915065\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7764427\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Jan. 25, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9915065\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13130818 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 12 (\'93\loch\f0 The trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s instruction on aiding and abetting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 was simply a verbatim recitation of 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  4.60.\'94\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People posit that Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s argument that the instructions \'93\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ffered no guidance\'94\loch\f0 
\hich\f0  because they were a verbatim recitation is \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 difficult to reconcile\'94\loch\f0  with decisions of this court which hold that jury instructions that track the relevant statute are presumptively correct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 3-4; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s B
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r. at 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7041120\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7475112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People support their contention with two cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 First, the People cite to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7764427\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  25-26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13130818 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  held that the instructions given at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3497842\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mirrored the applicable criminal statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  did not constitute a misstate\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ment of the law because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 they}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  included the essential elements of the statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  25-26, 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6102155\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12540999\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that the trial court instructed the jury on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9177783\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 the first portion of 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 
 4.60, and left out the language that goes on to state \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[i]f the definition of the offense includes lesser offenses, the offense of which each person shall be guilty shall be determined according to his own mental state and to those aggravating or mitigating factors which apply to him.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Reply Br. at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 iting 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In short, he argues section 4.60 requires that the jury make a finding of guilt or innocence based on each individual defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s respective mental state and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9177783 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial court failed to relay that to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0  4.60 (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 G]uilt[]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 shall be determined according to his own mental state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13130818 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid16390860 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid16390860 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Kanistus also argues that the trial court failed to instruct the jury on lesser offenses, pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60, and therefore the trial court did not accurately track the statute. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Repl\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y Br. at 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid5909569\charrsid10253391 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5909569\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 He asserts that the trial court did however instruct the jury on lesser offenses as to the co-defendant, Nathan, and that this \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
created an absurd result\'94\loch\f0  in regards to the proceeding against the two defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8142794\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid4999329 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   The trial court instru\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ct}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the jury on lesser offenses a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s to Kanistus in instructions 8B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  through 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Tr. at 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4-28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (Jury Trial, July 17, 2015) (instructing jury on lesser offenses of aggravated assault as to Kanistus). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, the instructions on lesser offenses were not\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  associated with Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Fifth Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of attempted murder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Rather, the instructions were tied to a separate charge for aggravated assault. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For Nathan, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid3148865\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he instructions on lesser offenses were associated with Nathan\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s attempted murder charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid4855701\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8142794\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid6102155\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 200-07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid9915065\charrsid10253391 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11675359\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7041120\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11675359\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13838681\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contrary to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11675359\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13838681\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contention}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11675359\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7041120\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12540999\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial court did in fact instruct the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13838681\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60 in its entirety while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13838681\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 giving}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the jury general instructions, as eve\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10372160\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 istus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 acknowledges in a footnote.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Tr. at 211-12 (Jury Trial, July 17, 2015) (relaying entire instruction on 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Instruction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5F); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Reply Br. at 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909569\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4740142\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 1 (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The trial court provided 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60 in its entirety approximately 40 inst\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
ructions before the instruction on Attempted Murder against Kanistus.\'94\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Nevertheless, we find merit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4917566 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13981110\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rgument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8864421\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 though the trial court did instruct the jury on 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in its entirety }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 during }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the reading of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  general instructions,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  failed to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  attach it to the specific underlying crime and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 make it obvious for the jury }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 that \'93\loch\f0 each }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 person}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s] [guilt] shall be determined according to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 his own }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 culpable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mental state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  4.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9534946\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (emphasis added). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13981110\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 separati\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on between the reading of the general instruction and the instr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8142794\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ctions with respect to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Fifth Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may have cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5909569\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5840649\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  confusion with the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6502934\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
also rely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8614113 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v. Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2004 Guam 24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 4-6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 we found no plain error where the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s instructions accurately tracked the relevant criminal statute and held that the instructions were sufficient to inform the jury of the necessary elements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Like the instant case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lso involved a crime where specific intent was an essential element.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13130818 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The defendant in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, 2004 Guam 20, was charged and convicted of the crime of burglary, a specific intent crime.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The People posit that this case is controlled by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 analogize }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to the case at hand in several respects.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 First, the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argue that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9177783 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 both argued }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
that the trial court committed plain error in failing to instruct the jury on the requisite element of specific intent for a specific intent crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Br. at 4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Next, the People point out that the trial court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , as here,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 instructed the jury on the general definition of intent as defined in Guam law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  24; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr. at 209-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7750246\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , July 17, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Third, the People point out that the trial court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and the trial court in t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 his case instructed their juries on \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 knowledge or intent\'94\loch\f0  using the exact same instruction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\fs24\super\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7475112 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f0\super\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The jury instruction was entitled 5D in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11302398\charrsid10253391 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , but is entitled 5B in this case.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 That instruction reads: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4217324 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Knowledge and intent involve the state of a person\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s mind}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  . . . .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Rarely is direct proof available to establish the state of one\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s mind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
This may be inferred from what he says or does: his words, his actions, and his conduct as of the time of the occurrence of ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rtain events. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4217324\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The intent with which an act is done is often more clearly and conclusively shown by the act itself or by a seri\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
es of acts than by words or explanation of the act uttered long after its occurrence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4855701\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Accordingly, intent and knowledge are usually established by surrounding facts and circumstances as of the time the acts in question occurred or the events took place an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d the reasonable inferences to drawn from them. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4217324\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3503263\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Tr. at 209 (Jury Trial, July 17, 2015); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12279201\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After reviewing these jury instructions, which are identical to the ones given here, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4999329 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lthough the trial \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court did not expressly instruct the jury that they had to find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  had the specific intent to commit the crime }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, in the totality of the instructions, the jury was adequately instructed that they had to make a finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  desired ce\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rtain criminal consequences, or objectively desired a specific result to follow his act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3277927\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15227859\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12131768\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131768\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  21 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958\charrsid4999329 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Am. Jur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1385958\charrsid1385958 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid4999329 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Criminal Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  128 (2004))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (internal quotation marks omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9 GCA 4.30(e); Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid287999\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  court concluded that the jury was sufficiently instructed that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638849\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 must find the requisite }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of specific intent to convict the defendant.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15227859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , we advised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that, in the future, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial courts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638849\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  instruct the jury on the un\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 derlying crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13981110\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13981110\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in order to avoid potential confusion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15227859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  16 n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15227859\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .3, 4.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We distinguish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  from the case at hand. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 involved jury instructions regarding two distinct crimes\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 burglary and possession\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of a controlled substance\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 that were brought against a single defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Here, there are multiple defendants and multiple, related charges. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The complexity of the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9723941\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and the length of the jury instructions increased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the likelihood of juror confusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16390860\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Moreover, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
n this case, general knowledge/intent instructions were given to the jury along with other overlying jury instructions as to both Kanistus and the co-defendant, who were individually charged with separate crimes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Then, the trial court read t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he Fifth Charge against Kanistus without making it obvious that specific intent was a required element of the charge, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 leaving }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4597774\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ury to make the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nebulous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 connection themselves.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Based on these circumstances, we find the possibility of jury confusio
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n from the instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 untenable, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
are compelled to find error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid930491\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  specific intent language wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s not obviously attached to the language in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13576808\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jury instructions for }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13576808\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13185245\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  specific intent crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accordingly, because of the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s failure\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to provide sufficient jury instructions as to Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s specific intent crime, and the likelihood of jury confusion from t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he instructions, we find error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3503263\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid6249824\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6249824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9963908\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the Error was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Clear or Obvious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9963908\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nder Current Law
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Having found the trial court erred,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 we then proceed to consider whether the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s error was clear }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 obvious under current law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf0\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ee Ga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 garita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13068400\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2015 Guam 28 \'b6\loch\f0  20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1385958 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[A] determination of whether an error is \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 clear\'94\loch\f0  for purposes of the plain error analysis does not requir\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e the existence of precedent exactly on point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [T]he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 plainness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 of the error can depend on well-settled legal principles as much as well-settled legal precedents.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We can, in certain cases, notice plain error in the absence of direct precedent, or\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  even where uniformity among the circuits, or among state courts, is lacking.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This rule is particularly appropriate for our jurisdiction,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1068598\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [which is still young]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It would be unfair to require defendants to demonstrate plain error with a case directly on\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 point given that many issues have not yet been resolved by this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1385958\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3950055\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
People v. Perry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2009 Guam 4 \'b6\loch\f0  32 (internal citation omitted). 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393289\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The law is clear that jury instructions are to relay to a jury that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13638849\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393289\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 must find all elements of a crime beyond a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
reasonable doubt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13638849\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393289\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
to find a defendant guilty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 In a jury trial, \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[t]he Constitution gives a criminal defendant the right to have a jury determine, beyond a reasonable doubt, his guilt of every element of the crime with which he is charged.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid73714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 12 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 United States v. Guadin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid73714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5 U.S. 506, 522-23 (1995)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  U.S. Const. amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5247174\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  XIV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Under Guam law, \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
[n]o person may be convicted of an offense unless each element of the offense is proved beyond a reasonable doubt.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  8 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  90.21(a) \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The United States Supreme court has held:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Lest there remain any doubt about the constitutional stature of the reasonable-doubt standard, we explicitly hold that the Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 except upon proof beyo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime with which he is charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid4999329 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3950055\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
In re Winship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 397 U.S. 358, 364 (1970) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
By virtue of the Organic Act, the Due Process Clause of both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the United States Constitution apply equally to Guam defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12131768\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  1421b(u)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15214041\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Westlaw through Pub. L. 115-90 (2017))}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9723941\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Having found that the trial court erred by not meeting this mandate, we find that its error was clear and obvious under \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 current law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5393289\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid6249824 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6249824 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9963908\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the Error Affected }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Substantial Rights
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11934631\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We now address whether the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s error affected Kanistus
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s substantial rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13576808\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4416997\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4416997\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We have previously held that errors do not affect substantial rights when the prosecution presented o\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 verwhelming evidence of guilt regarding the issue or element affected by the claimed error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4416997\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4416997\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Perry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4416997\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2009 Guam 4 \'b6\'b6\loch\f0  43, 46, 49.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid466648\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 argues that \'93\loch\f0 
a review of the instructions show that the jury could have convicted Kanistus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7764408\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 attempted murder base\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d only on his act of [choking the victim] without a finding that he possessed the shared intent of his co-defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To support this argument, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that when the jury was asked}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7750246\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , regarding the Seventh Charge of attempted murde
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93\loch\f0 
whether they believed Kanistus intentionally or knowingly attempted to cause the death of the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0  the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 found him not guilty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  In essence, then, Kan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 istus argues that had the jury understood that specific intent was also a required e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lement of the Fifth Charge, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15420041\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 would have found him not guilty on thi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s charge as well. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15420041\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus asserts, therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420041\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  he was prejudiced so as to affect his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11934631\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To counter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4063880\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s arguments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , the People again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7764408\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rely on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 7-8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11554141\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11554141\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid4999329 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lthough the trial court did not expressly instruct the jury that they had to find that Demapan had the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 specific\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
 intent to commit the crime of theft, in the totality of the instructions, the jury was adequa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tely instructed that they had to make a finding that Demapan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
desired certain criminal consequences, or objectively desired a specific result to follow his act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11554141 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid73714 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11554141\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6\loch\f0  26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 21 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15285676\charrsid4999329 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Am. Jur.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid73714 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid4999329 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Criminal Law
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  128}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We reached this con\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 clusion after finding that the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
jury may infer specific intent from the circumstances surrounding the entry by the accused.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  25 (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207513\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9207513\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207513\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, we found the fact that the defendant had two prior convictions and was found with the pr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 operty that was earlier reported stolen sufficient for a jury to infer specific intent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid73714 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9207513\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Here,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7758044\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6774551\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he People argue that the surrounding circumstances in Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s case are just as compelling as the circumstances surrounding the defendant in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Demapan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Se\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Br. at 7-8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12016327\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To support their argument, the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14383820\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 point out that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Kanistus began choking the victim before the machete strikes, continued to choke the victim even after the victim was struck several times with machetes, only stopped choki\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ng the victim after someone intervened, and left together with the other co-defendants in the same vehicle, which they also used to run over the victim who remained unconscious on the ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Based on these facts, the People argue Kanistus \'93\loch\f0 can\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
not meet his burden of demonstrating that a lack of an instruction on specific intent prejudiced his substantial rights\'94\loch\f0  because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10234852\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93
\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10234852\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10234852\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
evidence that Kanistus possessed the requisite specific intent to cause the death of the victim is overwhelming.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10234852\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 citing to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13188074\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 garita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2015 Guam 28 \'b6\loch\f0 
 23 (holding that defendant-appellant bears the burden of demonstrating prejudice by showing that the error constitutes a mistake so serious that but for it the defendant probably would have been acquitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4063880\charrsid14970738 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2033516\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Having \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 examined the entire record before us, we conclude that the erroneous instruction given by the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2033516\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affect Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2033516\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The correction of plain errors affecting substantial rights is left to the sound discretion of appellat\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
e courts, and that discretion should not be exercised unless the error \'93\loch\f0 seriously affect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nited }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 470 U.S. 1, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1985)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2371804\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2371804\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Guerrero}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2371804\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2017 G\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 uam 4 \'b6\loch\f0  42 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2371804\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Mendiola}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2371804\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2010 Guam 5 \'b6\loch\f0  14)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The error must be proven prejudicial, and it is the defendant who bears the burden of proof and persuasion on this issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12212141\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Courts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12212141\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  have consistently interpreted the plain-error doctrine as requi
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ring an appellate court to find that the claimed error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  had a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n unfair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  prejudicial impact on the jury\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s deliberations.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid16396090\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Young}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16396090\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 470 U.S. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12212141\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  n.14.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15550053\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hile a jury might infer that Kanistus meant onl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14307034\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y to cause great bodily injury,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a jury might }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 infer that Kanistus meant to cause death through his actions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2117914\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7406886\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15550053\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e find}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15550053\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that Kanistus has not met his burden of demonstrating that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5640304\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s failure to directly tie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  an instruction on specific intent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5640304\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15550053\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5640304\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 instructions regarding the F\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ifth Charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
prejudiced his substantial rights}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid290126\charrsid14970738 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus relies on the fact that the jury found him not guilty of the Seventh Charge, where they were instructed on specific i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid290126\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ntent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3242137\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We find that this reliance is misplaced. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On the Fifth Charge, the jur\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 y found Kanistus \'93\loch\f0 
did with intention of promoting or assisting in the commission of attempted murder . . . induce and aid [his co-defendants] to commit attempt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4084275\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  murder by restraining Saul Sos while [his co-defendants] struck [Sos] with a machete.\'94\loch\f0   Tr. at\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  225}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1342417\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Jury Trial, July 17, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4084275\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  On t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3242137\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Seventh Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , the jury found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7873166\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4084275\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4084275\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 knowingly and unlawfully possess and use a deadly weapon, that is, an automobile in the commission of a felony, that is, attempted murder . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 227}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4084275\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13043679\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7873166\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16453748\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hese jury instructions show that the Fifth Charge focused on Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s intent in restraining the victim during the machete attack, whereas the Seventh Charge focused on Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s intent during the automobile attack.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7873166\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While we cannot speculate as to a jur\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s reasoning regarding its finding of a defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s guilt or innocence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1855226\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 here, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7873166\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
we find that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13003958\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 factual bases of the Fifth Charge and Seventh Charge were sufficiently distinct for a jury to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1342417\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conduct separate in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3366036\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tent analyse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1342417\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4487139\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and reach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15420041\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid942576\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conclusions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15420041\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s to each}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7873166\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3242137\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2033516\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accordingly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3230502\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  we find that the error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15811328\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3230502\charrsid14970738 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affect Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Having found that Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s substantial rights were not affected, we need not address the fourth element of the plain error test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid808155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13130818\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4999329 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1254892 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 V.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12016327\charrsid10253391 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid10253391 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri806\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin806\lin0\itap0\pararsid12016327 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12016327\charrsid14970738 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2581820 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unde\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r the plain error analysis, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10494880\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the trial court erred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1533991\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the error was clear and obvious}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10494880\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11302211\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11302211\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 affect Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s substantial rights.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935619\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11025700\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4063880\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accordingly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3889857\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kanistus\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11762593\charrsid14970738 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  conviction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3950055\charrsid14970738 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2581820 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6961000\charrsid14970738 
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