{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f39\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f60\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f61\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f63\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f65\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f381\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f411\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f430\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}
{\f433\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f434\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}{\f436\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f437\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}
{\f438\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}
{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\*\defchp \loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37 }
{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 Normal;}{\s2\ql \li135\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin135\lin135\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \fi720\li0\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin135\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused 
Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \f0\fs20\ul\cf1 \slink2 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \f0\fs20\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0 \slink3 \slocked \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 Heading 3 Char;}{
\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \sunhideused \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \f0\fs24 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid16611761 Header Char;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \sunhideused \styrsid16611761 footer;}
{\*\cs20 \additive \f0\fs24 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid16611761 Footer Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 page number;}{
\s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid918121 Colorful List Accent 1;}{\*\cs23 \additive \i \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid11863515 Emphasis;}{\*\cs24 \additive \b \sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid11863515 Strong;}{\*\cs25 \additive 
\spriority0 \styrsid11863515 apple-converted-space;}{\s26\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext26 \slink27 \styrsid11863515 footnote text;}{\*\cs27 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink26 \slocked \styrsid11863515 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs28 \additive \super \styrsid11863515 footnote reference;}{\*\cs29 \additive \fs16 
\ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14120455 annotation reference;}{\s30\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext30 \slink31 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14120455 annotation text;}{\*\cs31 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink30 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14120455 Comment Text Char;}{
\s32\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon30 \snext30 \slink33 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14120455 annotation subject;}{\*\cs33 \additive \b\f0\fs20 \slink32 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14120455 Comment Subject Char;}{
\s34\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext34 \slink35 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid14120455 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs35 \additive \f39\fs18 \slink34 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid14120455 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs36 \additive \ul\cf2 \sunhideused \styrsid14819486 Hyperlink;}{
\s37\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext37 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid7025065 List Paragraph;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-401042788{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
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\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx720\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li1800
\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li2520\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23
\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3846 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx2880\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0
\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext
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\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\'01\u-3846 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx5760\lin6120 }{\listname ;}\listid-227}
{\list\listtemplateid1160813334\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698709\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid114760982}{\list\listtemplateid-309687518\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698709
\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713
\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715
\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703
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\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15209008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 ROSARIO S. BAUTISTA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 and MANUEL C. SHOLING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid12271518\charrsid6171836 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836 Plaintiff-Appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6645885\charrsid6171836 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5002319\charrsid6171836 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 FRANCISCO TORRES, Individually and as the Previous Special Administrator and Now Executor of the Estate of Jesus U. Torres, Deceased, and PETER F. PEREZ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6645885\charrsid6171836 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 Appellees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 DANIEL U. TORRES and BARBARA M. DeMELLO, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4657172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 Trustees under the Esteban Torres Family Trust Dated May 12, 1995}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 , 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4657172 Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4657172 Intervenor/Counterclaim-Defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 Appellees,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 ROSARIO S. BAUTISTA and MANUEL C. SHOLING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10236495 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4657172 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 -Appellees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid936345\charrsid11873464 and
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid936345\charrsid11873464 GLORIA C. SHOLING,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 Third-Party Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4657172 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 Counterclaim-Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4657172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072845 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10236495\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid936345 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 Supreme Court Case No.:  CVA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6645885\charrsid6171836 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 -0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 
\par Superior Court Case No.:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 CV0471-07}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072845 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 OPINION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11219399 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid4603447 Filed:  December 5, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid4603447\charrsid4603447 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid597400\charrsid6171836 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid11822334 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836  and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10355850\charrsid6171836 , 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6645885\charrsid6171836 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11219399\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13584367\charrsid6171836 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6619145\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid936345 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 Appearing for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 Third-Party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid4657172 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9139534 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Joyce C.H. Tang, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Leslie A. Travis, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Civille & Tang, PLLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4750411 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4657172 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 330 Hernan Cortez Ave., Ste. 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4657172\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072845\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15675959 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid4657172 For Plaintiff-Intervenor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 -Appellees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 :
\par Daniel J. Berman, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 Berman O\rquote Connor & Mann
\par Bank of Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072845\charrsid6171836 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9072845 ldg.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa, Ste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4657172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836  503
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15339189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 Appearing for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid4657172 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 -Appellees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10355850 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 John C. Terlaje, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Law Offices of John C. Terlaje, P.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4750411\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 194 Hernan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid9072845\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Corte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid9072845 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 z}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid9072845\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ave., Ste}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4657172 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  21\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4750411\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4750411\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4750411 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9139534 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14488108 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14488108\charrsid6171836 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6619145\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr
\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12271518 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid15339189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid936345\charrsid6171836 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6619145\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13584367\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6619145 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13584367\charrsid6171836 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 Presiding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836  Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\insrsid5988733 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s26\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5988733 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs28\super\insrsid5988733\charrsid5988733 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5988733\charrsid5988733 
 Associate Justice F. Philip Carbullido, as the senior member {\*\bkmkstart hit1}{\*\bkmkstart hit2}{\*\bkmkstart hit_last}{\*\bkmkend hit1}{\*\bkmkend hit2}{\*\bkmkend hit_last}of the panel, was designated Presiding \line Justice.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9139534\charrsid6171836 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6645885\charrsid6171836 ROBERT J. TORRES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 , Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 ; ALBERTO E. TOLENTINO, Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 Pro Tempore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid918121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15675959\charrsid6171836 PER CURIAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid16611761\charrsid6171836 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9312037 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1931007\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid225857 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1931007\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid225857 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4924163\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appeals }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1931007\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a final judgment of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid1931007\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 uperior }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court.  Glo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ria Sholing contends the trial court erred by applying the law of the case doctrine to her counterclaims, by finding that her proposed claim for fraud was barred by the statute of limitations, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in deciding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that her counterclaims were time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 barred even un\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 der the d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5665068 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 octrine of recoupment.  She further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 argues the trial court abused its discretion by denying her motion for leave to file a second amended answer and counterclaims, and third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 party cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
claims, by implication through entering final judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16351048\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 llees }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Daniel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Torres and Barbara }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 M. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DeMello\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12611463\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
rustees under the Esteban Torres Family Trust }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 dated May 12, 1995\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 
offer several rationales for affirming the judgment on other grounds in addition to defending the judgment on its own terms.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16351048\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons ex
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 plained below, we reverse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16351048\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Superior Court judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13532761 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in part,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and remand for further consideration of Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s arguments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid16351048\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1532371\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid918121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid918121\charrsid6171836 I.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13268800\charrsid6171836 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid918121\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15475059 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The underlying case is sprawling, generating multiple appeals. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See Bautista v. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Torres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , CVA16-020 (an}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  appeal by Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s siblings).  It is also related to a probate matter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6367106 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e Estate of Jesus U. Torres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8418032 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Superior Court Case No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
PR0104-02, which itself has generated an appeal and writ case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid8418032 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e Estate of Jesus U. T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 orres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , CVA17-005; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Bautista v. Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Torres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), WRP17-001.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 facts we expound upon here are relevant to the instant appeal.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1967, the Sholing Family\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 siblings Rosario Bautista, Manuel Sholing, and Gloria Sholing (\'93\loch\f0 Sholing Siblings\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94
\loch\f0 ), and their mother Ana Sholing, acting individually and as attorney-in-fact for her children\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 \hich\f0 signed a retainer agreement (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 1967 Agreement\'94\loch\f0 ) with attorney Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16070966 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  U.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Torres (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Attorney Torres\'94\loch\f0 
).  For $200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8418032 .00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  per month\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 payable October 1, 1967, through Sep
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tember 30, 1987\hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0 Attorney Torres agreed to handle legal matters related to the lease of several properties on which the Pacific Island}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8418032 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Club hotel is currently built (the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 PIC Property\'94\loch\f0 ).   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Several days after the agreement was signed, Attorney Torres s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ent a letter to Manuel Sholing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (the \'93\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 1967 Letter\'94\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 explaining the terms of a lease he ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid226627 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d negotiated.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 In that letter, he mentions his retainer fees under the 1967 Agreement, which he explains are \'93
\loch\f0 for my services and services that I have agreed to render \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 in the future.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15679313 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Record on Appeal (\'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 RA\'94\loch\f0 ), tab 211, Ex. D (1967 Letter to Manuel Camacho Sholing as attached to Decl. of Leslie Travis, May 28, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In October}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1987, the same parties signed a new retainer agreement (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 1987 Agreement\'94\loch\f0 ).  This agre\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ement recognized that Attorney Torres had been retained for the preceding twenty years and created a new retainer agreement guaranteeing Attorney Torres ten percent of the annual rental of the PIC Property from October 1, 1987, through Septem}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid226627 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ber 30, 2012. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
The amount to be paid under the 1987 Agreement was written to be \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 earned and vested\'94\loch\f0  immediately and would be paid in full in consideration for Attorney Torres\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid15679313 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  professional services rendered for as long as he was able to provide them.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1327683 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Record on Appeal \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 RA\'94\loch\f0 ), tab 211}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13966107 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1327683 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Ex. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1327683\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (1987 Agreement as attached to Decl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid16070966 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1327683\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of Leslie Travis).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The 1987 Agreement states that during that same month of October, the Sholing Family entered into an agreement with the lessee of the PIC Property implementing escalation c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lauses to the Sholing Family\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s benefit.  Throughout this period, Attorney Torres sent periodic statements to the Sholing Family to inform them of the total rent collected and the amounts of taxes and legal fees deducted.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Attorn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ey Torres passed away i\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n August}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2002, and Ana S}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 holing passed away in September}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8784308 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2005.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In April}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  2007, Rosario Bautista and Manuel Sholing filed a complaint against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10446796\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Francisco Torres, individually and as the previous special administrator and now executor of Attorney Torres\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13258166 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10446796\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 estate (together, the \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Estate\'94\loch\f0 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 attorney Peter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16062182 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Perez }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Attorney Perez\'94
\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eging breach of fiduciary duty}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , deceptive trade practices, and negligence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, and requesting rescission and restitution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  They subsequently amended their complaint three times.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0     
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Daniel Torres and Barbara DeMello}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Heirs\'94\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid273200\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 later }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 intervened.  They alleged breach of contract claims against the Sholing Siblings, bringing Gloria Sholing into the suit for the first time.    
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Gloria Sholing filed an Answer, and later an Ame\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nded Answer and Counterclaims.  Gloria Sholing alleged in her counterclaims against the Heirs that the 1987 Agreement was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  void for lack of consideration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and was unconscionable; she also sought restitution.  Gloria Sholing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 moved to dismiss the Heirs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 complaint for lack of standing, and the court later did so.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1312755\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Heirs filed a motion for summary judgment on Rosario Bautista and Manuel Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s third amended complaint and Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s counterclaims.  The memorandum in support of that motion \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argued, among other things, that the statutes of limitation had run on the Sholing Siblings\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
 claims and that they should be further barred by laches.  Gloria Sholing opposed the motion.  The trial court took the matter under advisement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8601600\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0     
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sho\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ling }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thereafter filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a motion for leave to file a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13258166\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 second amended answer and counterclaim, and third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13258166 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13258166\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 party c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13258166 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 claims, seeking to assert, among other claims, that there was fraud in the inducement of the 1987 Agreement.  She argued that the 1967 Letter, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 disclosed to her during discovery, gave rise to the new claim.  The Heirs filed an opposition, and Gloria Sholing replied.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The trial court did not take action on Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Several }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 parties filed motions for summary judgment that\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 the trial court acted on before the Heirs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11154068\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for summary judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1312755\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he trial court granted Attorney Perez\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s motion for summary judgment on Rosario Bautista and Manuel Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s third amended complaint, finding that the statutes of limitation had run\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 on the claims and that they would further be barred by laches.  Subsequently, the trial court granted an Estate motion for summary judgment on the third amended complaint on the same grounds.    
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1312755\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Thereafter,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the trial court issued a decision and orde\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r granting the Heirs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  motion for summary judgment.  The court found Gloria Sholing
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counterclaims were barred, whether by application of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1990280\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aw of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1990280\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1990280\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 octrine or an independent application of the statutes of limitation.  It also found that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1990280\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 oct\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rine of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1990280\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ecoupment did not apply to preserve Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s claims because laches still applied.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In disposing of the claims, the trial court also engaged briefly with Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s fraud claim, even though it had not formally acted on the motion to f
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ile amended pleadings in which that claim was pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8601600\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ferred. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11873464 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Having disposed of all }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1312755\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid14430170\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  before it, the trial court entered judgment in favor of the defendants and dismissed the matter with prejudice.  G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2962615 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 loria Sholing timely appealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2962615 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid918121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11863515\charrsid6171836 II.  JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15475059 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court.  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 115-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15021045 84}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12452419\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 (2017)); 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107, 3108(a) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10641911\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6037283\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11863515\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tx7260\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5988733 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11863515\charrsid6171836 III.  STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15475059 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 We review a trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s deci\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sion granting a motion for summary judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hawaiian Rock Prod. Corp. v. Ocean Hous., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2016 Guam 4 \'b6
\loch\f0  13 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Zahnen v. Limtiaco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, 2008 Guam 5 \'b6\loch\f0  8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  11).  \'93\loch\f0 In rendering a decision on a motion for summary jud\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
gment, the court must draw inferences and view the evidence in a light most favorable to the non-moving party.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Bank of Guam v. Flores}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 25 \'b6\loch\f0  7 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Edwards v. Pac. Fin. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2000 Guam 27 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  7).  \'93\loch\f0 [S]ummary judgment is proper if the pleading
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
s, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\'94\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557316\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Edwards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557316\charrsid6171836 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10557316\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10557316\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2000 Gu\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 am 27 \'b6\loch\f0  7}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  There is a genuine issue of material fact if sufficient evidence exists to establish \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
a factual dispute requiring resolution by a fact-finder.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 A trial judge\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s conclusions of law . . . are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 ,\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mendiola v. Bell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 2009 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Guam 15 \'b6\loch\f0  11 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Craftworld Interior, Inc. v. King Enter}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2000 Guam 17 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  6), and \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 [f]actual determinations are reviewed for clear error.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Yang v. Hong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1998 Guam 9 \'b6\loch\f0  4.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We review denial of a motion to amend pleadings for abuse of discretion. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 M Elec. Corp. v. Phil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gets (Guam) Int\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 l Trading Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2016 Guam 35 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid12654786\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid271696\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10702151 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10702151\charrsid6171836 IV.  ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15475059 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15475059 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15475059 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This opinion considers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (A) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hether the trial court erred in applying the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aw of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 octrine to Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counterclaims; (B) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13125938\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 whether the trial court\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  abuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15746026\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13125938\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  its discretion in denying Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s motion to file amended pleadings by implication through erroneous application of the statute of limitations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; (C) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hether the trial court erred in finding that Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s counterclaims were time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 barre\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d even under the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 octrine of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ecoupment; and (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13125938\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
hether, as the Heirs argue, we should affirm on other grounds because (1) Gloria Sholing does not have standing personally to assert a claim for fraud, (2) her claim in the Probate Case is time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 barred, or (\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6167451\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 she}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11548310\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  has waived her fraud claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6037283\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li360\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid12655373 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5721873 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14381853\charrsid6171836 Trial Court Erred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14381853 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 pplying the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14381853 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 aw of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14381853\charrsid6171836 Case Do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14381853 ctrine to Gloria Sholing\rquote s C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 ounterclaims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16008338\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing argues that the trial court misapplied the law of the case doctrine by using her siblings\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  al\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ready-adjudicated claims against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4277728\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Attorney }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Perez and the Estate as a bar against her.  Gloria Sholing argues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4277728\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that she is a differe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt party with distinct claims, specifically }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4277728\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that her fraud claim has an entirely different factual underpinning }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15629189\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 because of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4277728\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 circumstances o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 f discovering the 1967 Letter.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Br. at 22-23 (Feb. 21, 2017).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15629189\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid15629189\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court decided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counterclaims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid15629189\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  barred either by law of the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by an independent application of the statutes of limitatio\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 390 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6171836\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Dec. & Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5721873 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Sept. 9, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  An independent application of the statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid15629189\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s of limitation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  bar }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10446796\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the three counterclaims in her Amended Answer and Counterclaims}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11098761\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  even if they are distinct from the claims raised by her siblings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10446796\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13987278\charrsid12655373 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13987278 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid331646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 158 (Am}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Answer & Countercl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14381853 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12655373 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Apr. 1, 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10446796\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   Gloria Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 essentially concedes this by only arguing that the discoverability of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 her fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  claim is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 distinct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10359521\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At oral argument, Gloria Sholing more clearly conceded this point.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14444562\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 As such, w\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e do not need to consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 whether law of the case was applicable to these claims or whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14444562\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11098761\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 three initial counterclaims are viable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid14444562\charrsid6171836 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Decision and Order does not clearly apply }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8601600\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
law of the case doctrine to the fraud claim, which was actually }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 part of Gloria Sholing\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 Motion for Leave to File }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 Second Amended Answer and Counterclaim, and Third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14381853 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 Party Cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14381853 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16651258\charrsid6171836 laims\emdash a motion that was never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8601600\charrsid6171836 directly addressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 390 at 7-8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Dec. & Order); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 RA, tab 230 (Mot. Leave to File Second Am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14381853 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836  Answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14381853  & Co
untercls., & Third-Party Cross-cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12655373 , Jun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14381853 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12655373  10, 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6708276\charrsid6171836 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 Because the claim has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11302202\charrsid6171836 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 distinct factual underpinning that the trial court had not previously considered in disposing of any other claim, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11302202\charrsid6171836 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 law of the case doctrine would not have been applicable.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12532720\charrsid6171836 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 Lujan v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 , 2002 Guam 11 \'b6 7 (\'93With respect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 
to the re-litigation of a previously decided issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 , the rule is that \lquote 
a court is generally precluded from reconsidering an issue that has already been decided by the same court, or a higher court in the identical case.\rquote \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 (emphasis added) }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 People v. Hualde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836  1999 Guam 3 \'b6 13)); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 cf.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 McDonough v. Marr Scaffolding Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13455372\charrsid6171836 , 591 N.E.2d 1079, 1084 (Mass. 1992) (\'93
It is sufficient to note that the factual issues raised in the two motions differed significantly from each other . . . .\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11098761\charrsid6171836 .  As such, we now consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2516648\charrsid6171836 the trial court\rquote s independent treatment of the fraud claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11098761\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid331646\charrsid13059138 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid5988733 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13987278 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5988733 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Trial Court Abused Its Discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Denying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for Leave to F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ile a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Second Amended Answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ountercl\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aims, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ird-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Party C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 claims, by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mplication through }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Erroneous Ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 plication of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8595778\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Statute of L
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8595778\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 imitations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7025065\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The trial court engaged with Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s fraud claim, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6171836\charrsid6171836 RA, tab 390 at 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  (Dec. & Order), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 even though it was contained in a motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid7025502\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 file\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid7025502\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  pleadings that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 never }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8601600\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 directly addressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8614242\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA, tab 230 (Mot. Leave to File Second}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8614242 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2957968 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8614242 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Answer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2957968 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957968 & Counte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 rcls., & Third-Party Cross-cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2957968 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid8614242 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ) (setting forth the fraud claim); Certified Docket Sheet (lacking entry for any order granting the foregoing)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 When determining whether a pending motion was impliedly denied by entry of judgment, we \'93examine both the judgment and the nature of the motion whose implied denial is at stake.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 Abalos v. Cyfred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5982200\charrsid11873464 Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 , 2009 Guam 14 \'b6 17.  Because the trial court expli
citly addressed one of the claims contained within what would have been the amended pleadings, found it inviable, and entered judgment for the defendants, we conclude the trial court impliedly denied the motion.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid553517\charrsid6171836 Although we do not have the trial court\rquote 
s explicit reasoning, the text of the Decision and Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 suggests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid553517\charrsid6171836  that the denial was based on the trial court\rquote 
s decision that the claims contained in the proposed amended pleadings were also time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid553517\charrsid6171836 barred.  The trial court, however, did not squarely addr
ess }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 Gloria Sholing\rquote s argument for the fraud claim\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7025502\charrsid6171836  viability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 The trial court wrote}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid16720779\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5988733 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 Gloria [Sholing] argues that her fraud claim was timely made. }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 Gloria believes that, because she did not discover the fraud until discovery for this case was underway, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12212712 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 ourt should not start the limitations clock until her involvement in the matter.  If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 ourt were to start the limitations clock on February 26, 2010, the day she started receiving discovery material in this matter, Gloria would have been within the time limit at the filing of her counterclaim. . . . }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5988733 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712 . }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 Gloria Sholing stated that she had no knowledge of the 1987 Agreement between her mother and Attorney Torres until discovery for this instant case started, around March or April, 2010. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12212712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 B
autista v. Torres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 Superior Court Case No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 CV0471-07, Decl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  of Gloria Sholing at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \'b6
 4 (May 28, 2010).  However, Gloria also states that she first was made aware of the 1987 Agreement in September 2005, when she went through a metal box with all of Ana Sholing\rquote s important legal papers and documents after Ana Sholing\rquote 
s death. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 
id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836 \'b6
 7.  Furthermore, Gloria states in her declaration that she lived with her mother for most of her life.  Even if Gloria did not know of the rental agreement from its ince
ption in 1987, and continued to be unaware of its existence until 2005, the statute of limitations for Counts 1-3 would have started in September 2005.  When Gloria filed her Opposition and Counterclaims in 2010, all time under the statute had expired.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1442802 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1442802\charrsid14430605 RA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1442802\charrsid6171836  tab 390 at 7-8 (Dec. & Order).  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2631426 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8016961\charrsid6171836 The trial court took Gloria Sholing to be arguing \'93that she had no knowledge of the 1987 Agreement between her mother and Attorney Torres until discovery for this instant case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 ,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4527498\charrsid6171836 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 , but she argued instead a more }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836  point, that \'93
[p]rior to receiving a copy of the 1967 Letter, [she] did not know that [Attorney] Torres was being paid legal fees under the 1987 [Agreement] for services for which he had already been paid under the 1967 agreement,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836  RA, tab 209 at 2 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Decl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3689881  Gloria C. Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4134180 , May 28, 2010}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247586\charrsid6171836  RA, tab 256 at 7 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 Reply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Mem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 of Mot. for Leave to File Second }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 Answer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Countercl}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 Third}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 Party Cross-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203\charrsid6171836 Cl}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16450203 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836 , July 22, 2010) (\'93Gloria Sholing did not have any knowledge of facts suffici
ent to put her on notice of her obligation of inquiry of these counterclaims until after she filed her original Answer in this matter on February 26, 2010, and engaged in meaningful discovery.\'94
).  Gloria Sholing acknowledges access to the Agreements, but argues that she did not discover the fraud of the 1987 Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1705544\charrsid6171836  until reading}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836  the contents of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1705544\charrsid6171836 1967 Letter, and that she should not have been expected to discover it before that time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836  based solely on the contents of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5982200\charrsid6171836 greements or other relevant infor
mation previously available to her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1705544\charrsid6171836 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6490967\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15087046\charrsid6171836 The 1967 letter was addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5914810\charrsid6171836 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15087046\charrsid6171836 to Manuel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4211169 
 Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15087046\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976722\charrsid6171836 and Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4211169  Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976722\charrsid6171836  asserts she did not receive a copy of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11302202\charrsid6171836 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2976722\charrsid6171836 
 until she received discovery material in 2010, at which time she claims the statute of limitations should begin to run. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2631426\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1442802 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 The trial court abused its di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13324903\charrsid6171836 scretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 when it impliedly denied Gloria Sholing
\rquote s motion to file amended pleadings based, at least in part, on an incomplete application of her argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13324903\charrsid6171836 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 On remand, t}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7364148\charrsid6171836 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16415775\charrsid6171836 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7364148\charrsid6171836 court should reconsider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 the motion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid553517\charrsid6171836 file amended pleadings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 in the context of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10234551\charrsid6171836 discerning the proper application of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 discovery rule to the claims contained therein.  Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10234551\charrsid6171836 \emdash concerning amended and supplemental pleadings\emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 was derived from its federal counterpart.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 M Elec. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 , 2016 Guam 35 \'b6 40.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4661134\charrsid6171836 Based on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836  federal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 Foman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836  factors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4661134\charrsid6171836 
 we have adopted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 , leave should be freely given in the absence of \'93undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by ame
ndments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of allowance of the amendment, futility of amendment, etc.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11208820\charrsid6171836 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836  \'b6 42 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 Foman v. Davis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836 
, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962)).  If the trial court were to accept Gloria Sholing\rquote s discovery arguments, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277421\charrsid6171836 formerly implicit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11887634\charrsid6171836  reasoning regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 those factors\emdash especially as to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13269434\charrsid6171836  delay or futility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6226144\charrsid6171836 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13269434\charrsid6171836 may change.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5406349\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-403\li403\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin403\itap0\pararsid549263 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid549263 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5325187\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid549263\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Trial Court Err}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid549263 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in Finding that Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5325187\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ounterclaims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid549263\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Were Time Barred Even Under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid549263 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Doctrine of R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid5325187\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ecoupment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid12866565 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16070966 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10054638 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid10054638\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Overboe v. Brodshaug}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10054638 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, the North Dakota Supreme Court stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3820253\charrsid10054638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid5988733 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Recoupment is an equitable doctrine with its own unique characteristics: it must arise out of the same transaction that is the subject matter of the plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s action and it can only be \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
used to reduce or avoid the plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s recovery.  It is not a \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 weapon of offense.\'94\loch\f0 
  Recoupment cannot be used to obtain affirmative relief.  Recoupment differs from a counterclaim, which may arise out of a separate transaction and allows for affirmative \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
elief and recovery in excess of that sought by the plaintiff, and from a setoff, which involves a transaction unrelated to the plaintiff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s action.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid5988733 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Recoupment is purely defensive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13251217 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13634828\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
751 N.W.2d 177, 182 (N.D. 2008)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Minex Res., Inc. v. Morland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 467 N.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W.2d 691, 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4661134\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (N.D. 1991)) (cited favorably in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Yanfag v. Cyfred, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2009 Guam 16 \'b6\loch\f0  15).    
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After filing her Answer, Gloria Sholing moved to dismiss the Heirs
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  complaint for lack of standing, RA, tab 208 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid415629\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid415629 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid415629\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to Dismiss, May 28, 2010), and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  tri\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 court later did so, RA, tab 294 (Dec. & Order, May 31, 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4527498\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  This happened well before the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 court issued the order in which it denied application of the doctrine of recoupment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  RA, tab 390 (Dec. & Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Sep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2962615 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t. 9, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  Thus, at the time th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
at order issued, there were no pending claims against Gloria Sholing for which recoupment might be invoked, and this aspect of the order was essentially advisory.  However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
concerned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  about this decision\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s effect on possible future litigat\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ion or matters that may later be remanded in other appeals.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13251217\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 30-31.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 The trial court acknowledged that statutes of limitation do not apply to claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 
 recoupment, RA, tab 390 at 12 (Dec. & Order) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13634828\charrsid6171836 citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Overboe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid13634828\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 751 N.W.2d at 1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 82}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), but it nonetheless decided that the underlying claims were barred by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the equitable doctrine of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 laches, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid11873464 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
  We do not squarely address the application of the doctrine of recoupment to the facts of this case because we find the trial court had no need \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to decide the issue.  However, should the doctrine become relevant in this case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at a later date}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s decision should not preclude }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reargument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  This is especially so in light of at least some persuasive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  that laches is inapplicable to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  claims in recoupment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 NVF Co. v. New Castle Cty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 276 B.R. 340, 3}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 53 (D. Del. 2002)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
An otherwise untimely claim asserted as a recoupment will not be time-barred.\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aff\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 61 F. App\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 x 778 (3d Cir. 2003); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Holzer v. United States
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 250 F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supp. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 875, 878 (E.D. Wis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10452615\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1966}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ) (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 laches is not a defense to a claim for equitable recoupment\'94\loch\f0 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 aff\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6846083\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 367 F.2d 822 (7th Cir. 1966)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid6700848\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8717130\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s37\qj \fi-432\li432\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid2761253 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1327855 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5988733 \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5583478\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 We Should A}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ffirm the J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 udgment on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Other Grounds Beca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 use Gloria Sholing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Does Not Have Standing Personall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y to A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ssert a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Claim for F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 raud, Her Claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in the Probate Case is Time-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 barred, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10499360\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 She Has Waived Her Fraud Claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Heirs assert three reasons we could affirm on other grounds, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Heirs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 26-33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid5790522\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Apr. 5, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , but we do not find these arguments persuasi
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid1327855\charrsid2962615 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5988733 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid2962615 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid2962615 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing lack}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid2962615 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid2962615 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 personal standing to maintain the suit
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Heirs claim, and Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid4211169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Sholing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  confirms, that she conveyed all of her real property to a trust in 2005.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Heirs
\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
26; Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Reply Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid5790522\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (Apr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . 24, 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  The Heirs claim that this transfer means that the trust, and not Gloria Sholing, should have instituted the suit.  Gloria Sholing retorts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The monies collected by J.U. Torres prior to his death were derived, in part, from Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4211169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [Sholing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entals from the PIC Property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 As one of the parties to the 1987 Agreement, Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4211169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [Sholing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  has claims against the Estate for attorney\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s fees collected by J.U. Torres until his death in 2002, and subsequently by the Estate, through 2005, when she conveyed\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  her interest in the PIC Property to the Trust. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4211169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [Sholing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is entitled to recover the amounts paid to Torres and his Estate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3283903 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Reply Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 17.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing can assert personal rights }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  redress injuries she sustained prior to establishing the trus\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid1327855 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5988733 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether Gloria }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid2962615\charrsid4134180 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in the Probate Case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 barred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Heirs claim that 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10499360 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [n]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  probate claim was filed by Gloria Sholing preceding her filed Counterclaims in the underlying civil action. . . .  The appointed Executor and permanent\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 Administrator F. Torres published his Second Notice to Creditors and his remedial steps were taken on March 11, 12 and 13, 2009. . . .  If Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s claims are time-barred in probate; then, the bar applies as well in this civil action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accordingly\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , the full weight of 15 G.C.A. \'a7\loch\f0  2503(a) should apply to the belated claims of Gloria Sholing as against the Estat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2761253 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e of J.U. Torres and its Heirs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3283903 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4928294 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Heirs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  Br. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 30-3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid4928294 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, the Heirs continue
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Of course, the Probate Court in 2009 did not \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 agree with the position asserted by the Heirs as to the running of the claim period against the Sholings as creditors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8407795\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court ruled on February 26, 2009, that only a general administrator, and not a special administrator, has the power to publish a Not\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ice to Creditors to start the claim period.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
  The Heirs take vigorous issue with this conclusion, and request that this Court review and reverse on appeal that part of the Decision (2/26/09) voiding the Special Administrator\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s publication of Notice to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Creditors on June 30, 2004 because without standing, Ms. Gloria Sholing\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s claims must be dismissed and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid2761253 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 lower court judgment affirmed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3283903 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid8743020 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10907805 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
We decline to entertain what amounts to an invitation by the Heirs to collate\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rally attack a separate matter not currently before the court as part of this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-432\li1152\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid15475059\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid5583478\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid4134180 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 waived her fraud claim
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The Heirs argue that Gloria Sholing waived her fraud claim, but the argument is ill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4928294 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
formed and confused.  As \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gloria Sholing respond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid2761253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Intervenors-Appellees conclude with a confusing argument that Gloria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid4211169 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [Sholing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  has somehow waived her claims because she took no steps to assert a claim while J.U. Torres was alive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Intervenors-Appellees support this claim with ar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 guments extolling J.U. Torres\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
 virtues and accomplishments, with no discussion about the standards applicable to a legal defense of waiver other than to state that it is an equitable defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10907805\charrsid6171836 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 J.U. Torres\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s accomplishments are not relevant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10907805 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Reply Br.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid11304813 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid603944\charrsid6171836 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   The Heirs have not made out a legal defense in waiver. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3283903\charrsid6171836 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid918121 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11863515\charrsid6171836 V.  CONCLUSION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3820253 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16070966 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3820253 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3820253 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 The trial court correctly discerned that Gloria Sholing\rquote 
s initial counterclaims were time-barred, but it abused its discretion by impliedly denying her m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3237895\charrsid6171836 otion to file amended pleadings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 
 which would have added, among others, a fraud claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928294 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836  the viability of which the trial court did not fully assess.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13132264\charrsid6171836 Because the trial court did not need to address the doctrine of recoupment, the parties should not be precluded from rearguing this issue should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1050078\charrsid6171836 
the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13132264\charrsid6171836 need arise.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 he Superior Court Judgment is }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 REVERSED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11028271\charrsid6171836  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4928294\charrsid11873464 in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 , and the case is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836 REMANDED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2821837\charrsid6171836  for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11890473 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4489116\charrsid6171836 
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