{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
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{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f41\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
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{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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{\subject People v. Gomia, CRA16-004}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2017\mo11\dy6\hr12\min56}{\revtim\yr2017\mo11\dy6\hr12\min56}{\printim\yr2017\mo11\dy3\hr15\min15}{\version3}{\edmins0}{\nofpages9}
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\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7999510\charrsid1735806 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid7999510\charrsid1735806 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Opinion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid15624078\charrsid1735806 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12911894\charrsid2573585 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12661369\charrsid2573585 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid465394\charrsid2573585 
\par 
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\par 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8394295 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid1058805\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid8394295\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10580021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs28\insrsid12602488\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 eUGENE bENAVENTE gOMIA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid15760402\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid8394295\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9205678\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11758707\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15760402\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8394295\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12911894\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8394295\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Supreme Court Case No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7947388\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12602488\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RA16-004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8394295\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Superior Court Case No. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12602488\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CF0200-15}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 OPINION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2573585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid16189444 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Filed:  November 6, 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid16189444\charrsid16189444 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10580021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid1058805\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Cite as: 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid12602488\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid12602488\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14554101 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14554101\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Appeal from the Superior C
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourt of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Argued and submitted October 18, 2016
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14554101\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Dededo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14554101\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10580021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3634654\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx9468
\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10580021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For Defendant-Appellant:
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \tab 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 James N. Spivey, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Assistant Alternate Public Defender
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Alternate Public Defender
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 238 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 902
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid660240 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid660240\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  96910}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10580021 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For Plaintiff-Appellee :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \caps\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 atthew S. Heibel, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11143886 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Assistant Attorney General of Guam
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10580021 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of the Attorney General
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Prosecution Division
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 590 S. Marine Corps Dr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid660240\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Ste. 706

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid660240 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tamuning, G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid660240\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 U}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  96913\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2114131\charrsid2573585 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3634654\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788 \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2114131 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid1465800\charrsid2573585 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid10580021\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1735806 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7866795\charrsid2573585 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4922436\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243594\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ROBERT J. TORRES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4922436\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9243594\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5053980\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Associate Justice; \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7362836\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4922436\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Associate Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\fs24\super\insrsid397018\charrsid2573585 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid397018 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\super\insrsid397018\charrsid9243594 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid397018\charrsid9243594 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  The signatures in this Opinion reflect the titles of the Justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16384324\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4922436 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12911894\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5053980\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6561458 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7362836\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 MARAMAN}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4922436\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , J.: 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant Eugene Benavente Gomia appeals his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 five}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -year }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sentenc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of incarceration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the trial court imposed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nolo contendere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 plea to two counts of Second Degree Crim\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 inal Sexual Conduct for acts that took place when he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen and fourteen years old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Gomia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 asks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  this court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 vacate the sentence and remand the matter to the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for resentencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Gomia, now an adult, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 argues that his sentence is unlawful be\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cause it violates his Fifth Amendment right to due process and constitutes an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ex post facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  application of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Because the trial court did not have proper jurisdiction over the charged offenses against Gomia,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14036941\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 we reverse and vacate Gomia\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 udgme\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt and sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\delrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 without reaching the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ex post facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8935994 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Factual and Procedural BackgrounD
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This case presents a unique set of facts.  Gomia was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years old at the time the criminal acts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  to which he ple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid397018\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid397018\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nolo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid397018\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 occurred.  No juvenile delinquency proceedings were brought against him for these acts.  However, when he was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nineteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
years old, Gomia was indicted by a Superior Court Grand Jury on two counts of First Degree C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 riminal Sexual Conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 CSC\'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and two count
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s of Second Degree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for these acts, wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ch were alleged to have been committed against two victims who were both under the age of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at the time.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gomia ple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nolo contendere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 to two counts of Second Degree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 CSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  25.20(\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a)(1) and (b), and reserved his right to appeal his sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and sex offender registration requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
.  The trial court held a sentencing hearing on November 16, 2015.  The parties discussed the matter raised in this appeal \hich\f0 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10120066\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 whether Gomia may be sentence\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
d as an adult or whether Gomia must be sentenced in accordance with the Family Court Act guidelines codified in the Guam Code Annotated (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 GCA\'94\loch\f0 
) under Chapter 5, Title 19.  After disclosing the factors that formed the basis for its sentencing, the trial co\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 u\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rt sentenced Gomia to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14036941\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 five}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 year incarceration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6891955\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Department of Corrections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  Judgment was entered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid22022\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 and Gomia timely appealed.   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Procedurally, we note that the Judgment states that Gomia ple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  no contest to only a single}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 charge of Second Degree\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  CSC as reflected in the Attorney General\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Information lodged with the trial court on September 15, 2015.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5064343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Record on Appeal (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 RA\'94\loch\f0 ), tab 47 at 1-3 (Judgment, Mar. 22, 2016)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14036941\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The Judgment also states that the trial court \'93\loch\f0 
adjudicated Defendant guilty of a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 single charge\'94\loch\f0  of CSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14036941\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  also as reflected in the Attorney General\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Information.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 2.  This does not accurately reflect what occurred in the case.  First, the Plea Agreement stated that Gomia will plead no contest to two counts of Second Degree CSC.  \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gomia\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s sentencing brief also indicated that Gomia would plead no contest to two counts of Second Degree CSC.  Moreover, at the sentencing hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1967684\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  the trial court stated that it \'93\loch\f0 has previously also accepted the plea agreement entered into between the par\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ties . . . [and] takes Mr. Gomia\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s plea of no contest to two separate counts of second degree [CSC] . . . .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15731009\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Transcript (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15731009\charrsid2573585 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 30 (Cont. Sentencing Hr\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
g, Nov. 16, 2015).  Therefore, the Judgment does not appear to properly reflect the accepted plea ag\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 reement and agreed upon terms of the plea agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1967684\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  We take this opportunity to remind the trial court and parties that care sho}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6371909\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 uld be taken to ensure that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Judgment}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6371909\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s reflect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 agreed upon terms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6891955\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2573585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 II.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8935994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This court has jurisdiction over the ap\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
peal from a final judgment in a criminal case.  48 U.S.C.A. \'a7\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5-68}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 )); 7 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  3107(b) (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  8 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  130.15(a) (2005) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1142695\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 allowing }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s appeal from a final judgment of conviction).
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8935994 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 III.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hether the Superior Court had proper subject matter jurisdiction to proceed against Gomia for the underlying indictment, for crimes allegedly committed when Gomia was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years old, is dependent on the authority conferred b
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 y the legislature through the Family Court Act.  \'93\loch\f0 We apply a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs32\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 standard of review when we address issues of statutory construction.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. Katzuta}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2016 Guam 25 \'b6\loch\f0  16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \~
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid6582559\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  HYPERLINK "https://1.next.westlaw.com/Link/Document/FullTex\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
t?findType=Y&serNum=2037577663&pubNum=0004602&originatingDoc=I63f74790711911e68bf9cabfb8a03530&refType=RP&originationContext=document&transitionType=DocumentItem&contextData=(sc.Search)" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs32\i\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Joshua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2015 Guam 32 \'b6\loch\f0  20}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid2573585\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf1\insrsid6512522\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8935994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 IV.  ANALYSIS}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gomia raises a single\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ppeal.  He argues that his five-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 year sentence is illegal because it i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7161081\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  a sentence \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
which was not available to the [trial] court at the time of the commission of the offense.\'94\loch\f0   Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13305807\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (June 20, 2016)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  He contends that if he w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ere }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pr\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 osecuted \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
soon after the offenses were committed, jurisdiction would have resided in the Family Court . . . .\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 3.  Gomia submits that because he is being punished as an adult for offenses he committed when he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 years old, an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
d because the Family Court Act does not contemplate such a predicament, his Fifth Amendment right to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14710718\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rocess }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 violated.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 3-4.  Stated differently, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13305807\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gomia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
 argues that \'93\loch\f0 the punishment amounts to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ex post facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  application of the law by punishi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ng him with a sentence that no court could have imposed had he been sentenced soon after the offenses were committed.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 at 4.  Gomia ultimately claims that he did not have notice that his actions, committed when he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  fourteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years old, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 would hold a punishment that is greater than th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  available to the Family }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  or for any sanction that is beyond his 21st birthday.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  at 6; Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s Reply Br. at 2-3 (Aug. 3, 2016).  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 While }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gomia did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 directly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 challenge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5402802\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 subject-matter\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is a threshold matter that must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 addressed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5251228\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6366239\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ithout proper jurisdiction, all other arguments regarding the trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s sentencing are futile.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0   \'93\loch\f0 Subject-matter jurisdiction can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 not be forfeited or waived an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d should be considered when fairly in doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Ashcroft v. Iqbal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 556 U.S. 662, 671 (2009); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Gonzalez v. Thaler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 565 U.S. 134, 141 (2012) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
hen a requirement goes to subject-matter jurisdiction, courts are obligated to consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7161081\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 issues t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hat the parties . . . have not presented}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12993314\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14036941\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People v. San Nic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 olas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15286402\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2016 Guam 21 \'b6\loch\f0 \hich\f0  15 (\'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Therefore, in Guam, courts must have subject matter jurisdiction in order to be presented with an indictment.\'94
\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12462000\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9584337\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s35\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid946036\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2688738\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Family Court Act
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Family Court Act, codifi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ed at 19 GCA, Chapter 5, was originally established by the Guam Legislature through Public Law 17-12:2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2688738\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (June 22, 1983)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 .  The Act created \'93\loch\f0 a division of the Superior Court which shall be called the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Family Division of the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  This division . . .
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  shall be a court of record . . . .\'94\loch\f0 \hich\f0   19 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  5101 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10315781\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  The Family Division }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2977415\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2977415\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 exclusive jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2977415\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10188358\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  over any child in Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12087434\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
who is alleged to have violated any territorial law . . . .\'94\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12993314\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12087434\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 19 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  5103(a)(4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10315781\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12087434\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It has been settled by thi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 s court that the \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Family Court does not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jurisdiction}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
an individual who was a minor at the time the offense was committed, but was an adult when the individual was actually charged.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
People v. Quichocho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1997 Guam 13 \'b6\loch\f0  5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid8550488\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15928900\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The date of charging is\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  therefore the relevant jurisdictional date.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15928900\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15928900\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'b6\loch\f0 
 8.  Gomia, who was a minor at the time of the alleged offenses but an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid13305807\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 adult at the time of charging, wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15928900\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s therefore outside of the jurisdiction of the Family Division}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 by the time he was charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15928900\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  The c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourt now turns to whether the trial court properly exercised j}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2653079\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 urisdiction over Gomia as an adult.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1252086\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Title 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4348413\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  GCA \'a7\loch\f0  5106}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 provides the mechanism by which the Superior Court can obtain \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 adult\'94\loch\f0  jurisdiction over a minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\super\insrsid5322067\charrsid2573585 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5322067 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\super\insrsid5322067 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5322067 \hich\af37\dbch\af37\loch\f37  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid5322067\charrsid5322067 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Section 5106 of the Family Court Act \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf17\insrsid5322067\charrsid5322067 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
is not a statute which vests jurisdiction; in fact, it sets forth situations in whic\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 h the Family Court may lose jurisdiction.\'94\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\cf17\insrsid5322067\charrsid5322067 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Quichocho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf17\insrsid5322067\charrsid5322067 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1997 Guam 13 \'b6\loch\f0  7. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946036\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 19 GCA \'a7\loch\f0  5106}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid946036\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15423013\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This pro\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 cess requires \'93
\loch\f0 \hich\f0 certification\'94\loch\f0  by the Family Division to transfer jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid5395467\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
As initially drafted, the law contemplated the certification of minors to be charged as adults only for children }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sixteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6823996\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 years of age or older at the time the offense was \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 committed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Pub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  17-12:2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 codified at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736644\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8736644\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  \'a7\loch\f0  5106(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5322067\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1591106\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ough Pub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1591106\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3687159\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ic Law 17-27:4,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  later amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5106}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 current version}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
include specific circumstances under which a child }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 below }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the age of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sixteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at the ti\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 me }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the alleged offense was committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may be certified and charged as an adult.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The statute reads,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid210201 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
If a child is sixteen (16) years of age or older at the time he committed the offense for which he is charged, and if the conduct is a misdemeanor or a felon\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
y of the third degree, and if the court after full investigation deems it contrary to the best interest of such child or of the public to retain jurisdiction, the court may, in its discretion, certify such child for proper criminal proceedings to any cour
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  which would have trial jurisdiction of such offense if committed by an adult. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
A child who is sixteen (16) years of age or older at the time he committed the offense for which he is charged shall automatically be charged as an adult for any act which woul\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
d constitute a felony of the first or second degree along with any acts which are misdemeanors or felonies of the third degree which are part of the same scheme of criminal activity as the felony. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If a child is under sixteen years of age at the time he co
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mmitted the offense for which he is charged, and if the conduct would constitute an offense under 9 GCA Chapter 16 (Homicides)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , and if the court after full investigation deems it contrary to the best interest of such child or of the public to retain jurisd\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 iction,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the court may, in its discretion, certify such child for proper criminal proceedings to any court which would have trial jurisdiction of such offense if committed by an adult}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12332517\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If a child is certified as an adult, the same judge shall not, in turn \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 preside over the criminal proceedings against such child.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14557950\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid210201\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7284190 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14557950\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10315781\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0  5106(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14557950\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (emphas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14557950\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cf.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Bowles v. Russel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 551 U.S. 205, 212-13 (2007) (\'93\loch\f0 Because Congress decides whether federal courts can hear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cases at all, it can also determine when, and under \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
what conditions, federal courts can hear them.  Put another way, the notion of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\f0\fs24\cf18\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 obviously extends to classes of cases}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid15886720\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 falling within a court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s adjudicatory authority[.]\'94\loch\f0  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid9784697\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 citations and internal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 quotation marks omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14557950\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  only circumstance provided for by the legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  for when a child under the age of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sixteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12725343\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 certified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as an adult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid210201\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  is for the offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  homicide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Section 5106(a), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 therefore, limit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the classes of cases that fall within and outs\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ide of the Superior Court\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s adjudicatory authority.  The legislature\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0 s inclusion of homicide, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and only homicide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , as the type of offense for which a minor under the age of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sixteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10690793\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 may be tried }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14160708\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in an adult criminal proceeding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 leads us to conclude that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 le\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 gislature intentionally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
excluded all other types of offenses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6252050\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16536029\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 xpressio unius}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 est exclusio alterius}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid16536029\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Echazabal}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 536 U.S. 73, 80 (2002) (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid16536029\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [E]}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 xpressing one item of an associated group or series excludes another left unmention\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ed.\'94\loch\f0 ); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 N.L.R.B. v. SW }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15886720\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Gen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7614679\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 580 U.S. ___,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 137 S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16536029\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ct. 929, 940 (2017) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4599131\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 expressio unius}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 canon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid13849668\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 applies only when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  support}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 []}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  a sensible inference that the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 left out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid10104719\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid9449591\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  have been meant to be excluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  (alteration in original) (q\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 uoting }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Echazabal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid1667777\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 536 U.S. at 81)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid7614679\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  expressio unius}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 est exclusio alterius\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 canon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  applies here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid6705051\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid2885596\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3419538\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid210201\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In this case, Gomia is alleged to have committed the offense of criminal sexual conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5046272\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9449591\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3419538\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  he was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3419538\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3419538\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years old.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9449591\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3419538\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  did n\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
ot pursue delinquency proceedings against him in the Family Division of the Superior Court while he could still have been brought under its jurisdiction.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Applying the traditional rules of interpretation, minors under sixteen who commit non-homicide offen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15541131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 es fall outside the jurisdiction of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 both }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Family Division if they are not charged before reaching the age of majority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9971694\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144232\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This nuance may have been specifically contemplated by the legislature, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 i.e.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , to recognize the youthful charac\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 teristics of children, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12144232\charrsid2573585 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Miller v. Alabama}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , 567 U.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10247075\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  460, 472}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (2012) (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12144232\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [T]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid424882\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
he distinctive attributes of youth diminish the penological justifications for imposing the harshest sentences on juvenile offenders, even when they commit terrible crimes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 
\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 .\'94\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ), or it may have been an uncontemplated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1789502\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 distinction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9971694\charrsid2573585 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Nonetheless,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9971694\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the legislature has spoken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and included only homicides in the category of offenses the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3634654\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
, when sitting as a court of general jurisdiction,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  may obtain jurisdiction over wh\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
en the offender is under sixteen years of age. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This court is constrained by that language.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9971694\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2905044\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is not within the province of the courts to stretch the law to apply to circumstances clearly not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7284190\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 provided for}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2905044\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  by the legislature; to the contrary, decisions of\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 whether to extend the law to cover circumstances such as this lie solely within the authority of the legislature. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15541131\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Marbury v. Madison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 5 U.S. 137, 177 (1803) (\'93\loch\f0 
It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.\loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10247075\charrsid2573585 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8152103\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s35\qj \li45\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin45\itap0\pararsid946036\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13849668\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 B.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ex Post Facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and Statute of Limitations Arguments
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6503280 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
The only issue Gomia actually raises on appeal is that to punish him as an adult for offenses he is alleged to have committed when he was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 thirteen }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fourteen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  years old violates his right to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 due process and amounts to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ex post facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5794326\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  application of the law.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 As this court has concluded that the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction, we need not consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 these}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  arguments. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6773440\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15682860\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Irrespective of any potential time bar, under these circumstanc\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 es, the charges are jurisdictionally barred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9060508\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2573585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
V.  Conclusion
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8935994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6503280\charrsid2573585 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15799723\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 For the reasons set forth above, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15799723\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15799723\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15799723\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 VACATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15799723\charrsid2573585 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the Judgment of Conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8935994\charrsid2573585 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16015102 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015102\charrsid16015102 
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