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\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12675130 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid2512505\charrsid13324812 People v. Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812 , 2016 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3307576\charrsid13324812 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812  PAGE  \\* Arabic  \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16022912 8}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812  NUMPAGES  \\* Arabic  \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16022912 9}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid2512505\charrsid13324812 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12675130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12675130 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12675130\charrsid13324812 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4289597 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4289597 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15560462 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6844466 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Kurt Anderson Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Defendant-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 CRA14-023
\par Superior Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 CF0107-14
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 OPINION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 February 22, 2016
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Cite as: 2016 Guam 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on August 17, 2015
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9920270\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr
\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par Peter C. Perez, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Esq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 .
\par Law Office of Peter C. Perez
\par DNA Bldg.
\par 238 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 802
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par James C. Collins, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9920270\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row \ltrrow}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9920270\tblind120\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Maraman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Defendant-Appellant Kurt Anderson Damian appeals from a final judgment convicting him of one count of theft by receiving stolen property and one count of eluding a police officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
On appeal, Damian argues that the trial court erred in failing to preliminarily instruct the jury regarding certain principles of criminal law and failing to consider
 his mental health issues as a mitigating factor when sentencing him to the maximum term of imprisonment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 He also argues that he was deprived of effective assistance of counsel due to several alleged errors by trial counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 For the reasons herein, we affirm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
On March 2, 2014, the police were dispatched to respond to a domestic disturbance complaint at the house of Janessa Tydingco.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 When the police arrived, Tydingco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s ex-boyfriend, Kurt Anderson Damian, was leaving the scene in a Toyota Corolla.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tydingco informed the police that Damian had assaulted her and stolen her cellphone, laptop and iPad.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The police pursued in their vehicles for several miles until Damian got out of the Corolla and attempted to flee on foot.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The police canvassed the area and managed to apprehend Damian with a taser.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 He was arrested and charged with aggravated assault, robbery and eluding the police.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 It was revealed that the Toyota Corolla was st
olen, and Damian was also charged with theft by receiving stolen property and felony vehicle identification for using a false or defaced license plate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Following arraignment, a pretrial conference was held, wherein defense counsel raised the issue of Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental state.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
A psychiatric evaluation was requested and submitted to the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
The case went to trial and, following jury selection, the jury was empaneled, sworn, and given preliminary instructions on its duties and conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Thereafter, the trial recessed for two weeks.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 When trial resumed, the court repeated similar preliminary instructions as those issued previously.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 During the delivery of the preliminary instructions, the trial court did not instruct the jury as to the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s burden of proof, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s presumption of innocence and right not to testify, or the fact that the indictment was not evidence of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The defense did not object to these preliminary instructions or request additional instructions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Following the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s case, the trial court granted Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s motion for a judgment of acquittal as to the charges of aggravated assault and second degree robbery.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 At the close of trial, the court again instructed the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 At that point, the
 trial court informed the jury that the People bore the burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant was entitled to a presumption of innocence, that the defendant is under no obligation to testify, and that the indictment is not evidence
 of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Considering the remaining charges, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty on the charges of felony vehicle identification and misdemeanor assault, but guilty of theft by receiving stolen property and eluding a police officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
The Office of Probation submitted a Pre-sentence Investigation Report (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 PSI}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ), which was later amended.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The court held a sentencing hearing wherein it requested sentencing memoranda from the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
The defense proceeded to submit a sentencing memorandum, with the previously performed psychiatric evaluation attached.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 At a continued sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed the maximum sentence of ten years for the offense of theft by receiving stolen property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
For the offense of eluding a police officer, the court sentenced Damian to a term of one year, to run concurrently with the previous sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab This appeal followed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal purs
uant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 114-114 (2015)), and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107 and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
If no objections to jury instructions are made at the time of trial, the standard of review is plain error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Perry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2009 Guam 4 \'b6 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Plain error is highly prejudicial error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Quitugua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2009 Guam 10 \'b6 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The plain error standard is met when: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 (1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious under current law; (3) the error affected su
bstantial rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6 23 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 19).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 We review the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s imposition of a sentence for abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 59.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are questions of law which this court reviews }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Moses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2007 Guam 5 \'b6 9 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Ueki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 5).
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Preliminary Jury Instructions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Damian first claims that the trial court erred in failing to preliminarily instruct the jury on certain principles of criminal law, including the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s burden of proof, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s presumption of innocence, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s right not to testify, and the fact that the indictment is not evidence of guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 He argues that such preliminary instructions are required under Guam law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab As no objection wa
s made to the jury instructions at the time of trial, we review this claim for plain error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Perry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2009 Guam 4 \'b6 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Plain error is highly prejudicial error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Quitugua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
, 2009 Guam 10 \'b6 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Thus, we reverse only if: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 (1) there was an error; (2) t
he error is clear or obvious under current law; (3) the error affected substantial rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6 23 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 19).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
We first consider whether the trial court erred in failing to preliminarily instruct the jury regarding these principles of criminal law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In any criminal trial before a jury, it is the province of the court to instruct the jurors on all essential principles of law, whether requested or not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See Morris v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 156 F.2d 525, 527 (9th Cir. 1946) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Screws v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 325 U.S. 91, 107 (1945)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 One such essential principle is that the prosecution bears the burden of proving each and every element of a charged offense beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See Perry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
, 2009 Guam 4 \'b6 50 (holding that failure to give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
each and every element of the charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  instruction was clear error).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 This court has not had occasion to consider whether the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s presumption of innocence, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s right not to testify, and the fact that the indictment is not evidence of guilt constitute essential principles that must be relayed to the jury as a matter of course.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 While they may well fall into that category, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 see, e.g.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  Taylor v. Kentucky}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 436 U.S. 478, 489-90 (1978), we need not decide those issues at this time, because, here, the trial court did instruct the jury on each of these principles prior to deliberations.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tr. at 76, 83, 93 (Jury Trial, July 31, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Damian contends that instructing the jury only prior to deliberations is insufficient and that the jury must also be informed of these principles before the trial begins.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 However, he includes no authority in support of this proposition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Although he cites to 8 GCA \'a7
 90.13(h), which provides for jury instructions as part of the order of the trial, he concedes that this statute only requires the court to instruct the jury after closing arguments and is silent as to preliminary jury instructions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 8 GCA \'a7 90.13(h) (2005) (providing order of trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Rather, he argues that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 instructing the jury at the commencement of trial is implicitly required and has been the standard practice in the Superior Court of Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s Br. at 15-16 n.2 (Mar. 20, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab This argume
nt is unpersuasive because the legislature could explicitly include mandatory preliminary instructions in 8 GCA \'a7 90.13 if it desired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 New York, for example, has a similar statute setting forth the order of the trial and it specifically provides that after the jury has been selected and sworn, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [t]he court must deliver preliminary instructions to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 N.Y. Code Crim. Proc. \'a7 260.30(2) (McKinney 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 New York also has adopted a separate statute requiring preliminary instructions regarding the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 basic functions, duties and conduct,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  including, among other things, that the jurors may not discuss the case among themselves or with anyone else, investigate the case on their own outside of trial, or accept bribes.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  \'a7 270.40.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
This statute does not r
equire instruction as to the principles of law identified by Damian, so even if an identical statute was adopted by Guam, the trial court would not have erred in this case, as it preliminarily instructed the jury on its duties and conduct prior to trial.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tr. at 2-10 (Jury Trial, July 28, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Other jurisdictions, such as the Ninth Circuit,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13008122 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid13008122 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13008122  The Ninth Circuit\rquote s model criminal jury instructions include preliminary instructions stating that \'93
[t]he indictment is not evidence and does not prove anything\'94 and that \'93[t]he defendant has pleaded not guilty to the charge[s] and is presumed innocent unless and until the government proves the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.\'94
  9th Cir. Crim. Jury Instr. 1.2 (2010).  They do not address the defendant\rquote s right not to testify.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
 include preliminary instructions in their model criminal jury instructions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
As of the time of this case, Guam has not adopted such model instructions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13008122 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid13008122 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13008122  The Guam Judiciary Subcommittee on Proposed Criminal Instructions favors adopti
on of model preliminary jury instructions similar to those adopted by the Ninth Circuit, which would include instruction on the defendant\rquote s presumption of innocence, the prosecution\rquote 
s burden of proof, and the fact that the indictment is not evidence.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  and,
 regardless, model instructions act merely as guidelines and do not by themselves provide a basis for error when a trial court fails to adhere to them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See People of Territory of Guam v. McGravey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 14 F.3d 1344, 1352 (9th Cir. 1994).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab As we are aware o
f no authority in any jurisdiction finding error for failing to give preliminary instructions such as those sought by Damian, and he has conceded that no such authority exists in Guam law, we conclude that the trial court did not err in this instance.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Accordingly, Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s claim of instructional error fails under the first prong of the plain error standard of review, and we need not address the remaining prongs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Sentencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Damian next claims that the trial court erred in failing to consider his mental health issues as a mitigating factor when sentencing him to the maximum term of imprisonment for the offense of theft by receiving stolen property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Prior to sentencing, t
he court asked for sentencing memoranda from the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Tr. at 6 (Sentencing, Aug. 21, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
The defense memorandum included a psychiatric examination which discussed the state of Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health, his treatment, and his capacity to understand and control his actions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In his memorandum, Damian asked for a five-year sentence, highlighting his mental health and substance addiction and the psychiatric examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s observation that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "'}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 may have not had the capacity to have the state of mind to have specific cognitions necessary to commit the offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 RA, tab 74 at 2 (Def. Sentencing Mem., Aug. 23, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 During his allocution, Damian emphasized his drug addiction which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 manipulated and distorted what is right from wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tr. at 11 (Cont. Sentencing, Sept. 3, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Prior to imposing the sentence, the trial court listed several aggravating factors, including Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s criminal history, his substance abuse problems, his failure to complete previous treatment programs, and the risk of recidivism.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  at 22-24.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 As for mitigating factors, the court stated that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 cannot find any factors in mitigation of the sentence that . . . the Court may impose upon you.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  at 25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
It then sentenced Damian to the maximum term of ten years imprisonment and a special parole term of not less than three years for the crime of theft by receiving stolen property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
We now consider whether the court erred in failing to consider Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s mental health as a mitigating factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 This court has previously held that:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 A se
ntencing court must be permitted to consider any and all information that reasonably might bear on the proper sentence for a particular defendant, given the crime committed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [H]ighly relevant\emdash if not essential\emdash to [the] selection of an appropriate sentence i
s the possession of the fullest information possible concerning the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s life and characteristics.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 A trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s discretion in sentencing is therefore largely unlimited either as to the kind of information he
 may consider, or the source from which it may come.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Allowing consideration of such a breadth of information ensures that the punishment will suit not merely the offense but the individual defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Castro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2013 Guam 20 \'b6 62 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 see also}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Burns v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 287 U.S. 216, 220 (1932) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 It is necessary [for the sentencing judge] to individualize each case, to give that careful, humane, and comprehensive consideration to the pa
rticular situation of each offender which would be possible only in the exercise of a broad discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Although the trial court may consider a wide range of information, we have previously held that it is not required to take into account all factors that may be considered relevant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Diaz}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
, the defendant argued that his sentence was excessive because the same judge had previously imposed significantly less severe sentences for the same offense as that of which he was convicted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 59.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In denying the claim, we stressed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 the imposition of sentences within the statutory limits lies almost entirely within the discretion of the trial judge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  and held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [t]he court was not required to take the other defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  sentences into consideration when sentencing [the defendant].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \'b6\'b6 67-68 (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Some jurisdictions have adopted statutes with a comprehensive list of factors that must be considered by a sentencing judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tenn. Code Ann. \'a7 40-35-210 (West 2015) (Tennessee); N.J. Stat. Ann. \'a7
 2C:44-1 (West 2015) (New Jersey); 18 U.S.C.A. \'a7 3553(a) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 114-14 (2015)) (federal).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Guam has only adopted factors to be considered in imposing or withholding probation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  9 GCA \'a7 80.60 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The court consi
dered the sentencing memoranda provided by the parties and the presentence investigation report, as well as the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s allocution and his history and characteristics in general.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Absent some authority requiring the sentencing court to specifically consider a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health as a mitigating factor, Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s claim of error is baseless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Furthermore, the record indicates that the trial court did, in fact, consider Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health in delivering its sentence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The trial court stated during the continued sentencing hearing that it had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 due regard for . . . the history, the character, [and] the condition of . . . Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  and had considered the defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s sentencing memorandum which highlighted Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Tr. at 22 (Cont. Sentencing).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Thus, there is no reason to doubt that the trial court took into account the psychiatric evaluation included in his memorandum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Once we are persuaded that the trial court considered a relevant sentencing factor and as long as 
the sentence is within the statutory guidelines, we defer to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s discretion to ultimately sentence a defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See Castro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2013 Guam 20 \'b6 62. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Accordingly, we conclude that there was no error in the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s sentencing process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 It
s imposition of the maximum sentence for the crime of theft by receiving stolen property was well within its discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Finally, Damian claims that various errors made by his trial counsel deprived him of effective assistance of counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
The following principles guide our analysis of this claim:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right . . . to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defen[s]e.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 U.S. Const. amend. VI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is the right to the effective assistance of counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Counsel can deprive a defendant of the right to effective assistance simply by failing to render adequate legal assistance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Meseral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2014 Guam 13 \'b6 44 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In order to determine whether the performance of a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s counsel was constitutionally ineffective, we apply the test prescribed by the United States Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Strickland v. Washington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 466 U.S. 668, 686 (1984).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  \'b6 45.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 First, the defendant must demonstrate that counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s performance was sufficiently deficient.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  \'b6 46.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Second, the defendant must demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \'b6 47.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab The court further provided:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are mixed questions of law and fact, which we review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Although an ineffective assistance of counsel claim may be heard on direct appeal, it is more properly brought as a writ of habeas corpus.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Courts will often decline to reach the merits of ineffective assistance of counsel claims [where] such claims are more appropriately addressed i
n a habeas corpus proceeding because [they] require[] an evidentiary inquiry beyond the official record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 This court reviews such claims, however, where the record is sufficiently complete to make a proper finding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \'b6 13 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
Damian lists several claimed errors, which can be grouped into three subsuming assertions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 First, that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to raise various defenses at trial concerning Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health and culpability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Second, that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to sufficiently draw the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s attention to Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health issues during sentencing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Third, that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request preliminary instructions regarding those principles of criminal law discussed previously.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
With regard to each of these assertions of ineffectiveness, we first must consider whether the record is sufficiently complete to make a proper finding as to effectiveness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s first assertion concerns the intricacies of trial counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s defense strategy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Every criminal case requires choices to be made by the defense regarding which theories are advanced to the exclusion of other possible lines of argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Such strategic decisions are presumed to b
e sound and generally do not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
See People v. Reyes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 1998 Guam 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 22 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Although counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s choice of defense was unsuccessful, conviction is not sufficient to overcome the strong presumption that counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s actions were sound trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 strategy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 see also Angoco v. Bitanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2001 Guam 17 \'b6 9 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Where cou
nsel consciously decides to omit a defense or pursue a certain argument, such conduct is deliberate strategy, and a choice of strategy that backfires is not the equivalent of ineffective assistance of counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 In order to prevail, Damian would need to e
stablish that the decisions about which he complains were not made for strategic purposes but out of a lack of diligence or for some illegitimate motive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Such a finding cannot be gleaned from the record and therefore requires a separate fact-finding procee
ding, more appropriately conducted pursuant to a writ of habeas corpus.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 See Meseral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2014 Guam 13 \'b6 49.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Accordingly, we decline to review this portion of Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s ineffective assistance claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s second and third assertions, however, can be more straightforwardly addressed as questions of law or based on the record before us.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Thus, we turn to the issue of whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 trial counsel was ineffective under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  for failing to sufficiently draw the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s attention to Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health issues during sentencing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 As discussed above, the record shows that the trial court did consider Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 It did so because Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s trial counsel drew the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s attention to these issues by raising the issue in his sentencing memorandum and attaching a copy of the psychiatric evaluation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 RA, tab 74 at Ex. A (Def. Sentencing Mem.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Trial counsel informed the court that the psychiatric examiner had stated Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s diagnosis and treatment, and trial counsel further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 noted that due to his substance use disorder, Mr. Damian }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
may have not had the capacity to have the state of mind to have specific cognitions necessary to commit the offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 at 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Although Damian suggests that trial counsel shou
ld have emphasized the evaluation further at sentencing, it is not obvious that doing so would have been to the defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s benefit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Thus, it was reasonable for trial counsel to focus his arguments at sentencing elsewhere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Accordingly, we conclude that trial counsel was not deficient in this regard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab Finally, we consider Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
s assertion that trial counsel was ineffective for failing to request preliminary instructions regarding the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s burden of proof, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s presumption of innocence, the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s right not to testify, and the fact that the indictment is not evidence of guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 With regard to this claim, we need not consider whether trial counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s performance was deficient, because Damian has not demonstrated prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 People v. Campbell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 , 2006 Guam 14 \'b6
 49 (holding that the court need not determine if there was deficient performance if there is no prejudice to the defendant).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 All of the principles of criminal law identified by Damian were communicated to the jury prior to deliberations, and there is no indication that the jury deviated from them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
Thus, no reasonable probability exists that Damian would have been acquitted had only the jury heard these same instructions prior to trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab While the first ineffective assistance of coun
sel claim, because it is substantially a question of fact, would be more appropriately addressed in a habeas proceeding, we are not persuaded by the second and third ineffective assistance of counsel claims.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Accordingly, Damian has not established that he 
was deprived of his constitutionally guaranteed right to counsel due to ineffective assistance within the purview of this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16022912 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 \tab 
The trial court did not err in failing to preliminarily instruct the jury with regard to the principles of criminal law identified by Damian.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Nor did it err in failing to consider Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 s mental health issues as a mitigating factor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Finally, the record does not reflect that trial counsel was ineffective so as to deprive Damian of his constitutional right to counsel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289  the judgment of conviction.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13008122\charrsid9007289 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9007289\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 ____________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 ____________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289\charrsid9007289 Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9007289\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9007289 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9007289 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langfenp1033\insrsid15289649 
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft7032\shptop165\shpright7631\shpbottom585\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz2\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
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{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstGrouping}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 65536}}{\sp{\sn anchorText}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn fRotateText}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFitShapeToText}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fRecolorFillAsPicture}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fUseShapeAnchor}{\sv 0}}
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\insrsid13008122 /s/
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13008122 /s/
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\par ____________________________________
\par ROBERT J. TORRES
\par Chief Justice
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