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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13832759 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par 
\par PEOPLE OF GUAM,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par v.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 WARREN PETER DIEGO,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 Defendant-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 February 12, 2016
\par 
\par Cite as: 2016 Guam 5
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2717091\charrsid13832759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 CRA14-018
\par Superior Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2717091\charrsid13832759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid13832759 CF0390-12
\par 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on August 12, 2015
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9661815\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 F. Randall Cunliffe, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par Cunliffe & Cook
\par 210 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 200
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par 
\par \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par Gerald L. Henderson, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9661815\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par 
\par BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 MARAMAN, J.:
\par 
\par [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab Defendant-Appellant Warren Peter Diego appeals his conviction for the crimes of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Child Abuse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
He was sentenced to twenty years for the Criminal Sexual Conduct charge and one year for the misdemeanor Child Abuse charge, which run concurrently.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 For the reasons herein, we affirm Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s convictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
Diego was indicted by a grand jury for the offenses of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Child Abuse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 At Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s trial, 
J.P.S. testified that on Friday, April 6, 2012, when she was eleven years old, she was in the bedroom of her mother and her mother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s boyfriend, Warren Diego, watching TV with them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 After J.P.S. put a DVD into the player, she found that Diego had moved from one side of the bed to the middle of the bed leaving only a space next to him open for J.P.S. to lie on the bed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
While watching the DVD, J.P.S. claims that her mother fell asleep and she thought Diego was asleep as well. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab She discovered that he was n
ot asleep when he put his hand on her leg and moved it up her shorts and into her panties, touching her vaginal area.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 At first, J.P.S. claimed that she pretended to be asleep, but soon after got up and left the room and returned to her own bedroom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 During her testimony, J.P.S. identified Diego as the man who touched her that night.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Before the conclusion of J.P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s direct examination, the People asked J.P.S. if everything she testified to and everything in her written statement was true.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 J.P.S. answered both questions in the affirmative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab J.P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s mother testified that the Monday after the alleged incident, April 9, 2012, she drove J.P.S. to school, and stated that she noticed something was wrong with J.P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 She then testified that she asked J.P.S. what was wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 J.P.S. began to cry and told her that Diego had touched her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 J.P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s mother testified that she then called Diego and asked him, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
[h]ow could you do that to me?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Transcript (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ), vol. 3 at 86 (Jury Trial, Sept. 20, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 She claimed that he began to cry and responded that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 he was sorry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s sick and he needs help.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
At trial, during opening statements, the People described Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s arrest and stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
he voluntarily agreed to go with [the police], and then, as his constitutional right, invoked his right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 1 at 8 (Jury Trial, Sept. 18, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Following opening statements, the defense filed a motion for a mistrial claiming this comment violated Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Further, during one of the arresting officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s direct examination, the People asked the officer about the circumstances surrounding Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Officer Mesa testified that he and Officer Corpuz transported Diego to the Tiyan Criminal Investigation Section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s direct examination of Officer Mesa continued:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Q\tab And what happened at that location?
\par 
\par A\tab Uhm - - Officer Corpus attempted to interview Mr. Diego.
\par 
\par Q\tab And what happened next?
\par 
\par A\tab Mr. Diego invoked his right to - -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 2 at 93 (Sept. 19, 2013).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 An objection by the defense interrupted Officer Mesa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s answer, and the defense informed the court that this matter was the subject of the motion for a mistrial that was recently filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The response by the officer was stricken from the record by the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Questioning resumed and again the People asked what happened at Tiyan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The officer again tried to answer that Diego invoked his right to remain silent, leading to another defense objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The response was again stricken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Finally, the People asked the officer when Diego was advised of his constitutional rights, to which the defense again objected.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court denied the defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s motion for mistrial based on the comments made in the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s opening statement regarding Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab The court also granted the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s motion to admit evidence of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s prior criminal convictions involving sexual assault from the state of Oklahoma pursuant to Rule 413 of the Guam Rules of Evidence (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 GRE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court included Jury Instruction 3 and 3M in the f
inal instruction, which instructed the jury not to consider any stricken testimony or testimony involving the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 There was also a limiting instruction included regarding evidence of prior bad acts, which was numbered 3N. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
Diego was found guilty of the first charge of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (as a first degree felony) and the second charge of Child Abuse (as a misdemeanor).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 He was sentenced to twenty years for the Criminal Sexual Conduct charge and one year for the misdemeanor Child Abuse charge, the sentences to run concurrently.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Diego timely appealed his convictions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 JURISDICTION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab This court has jurisdiction over appeals from a final judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 114-114 (2015)); 7 GCA \'a7\'a7
 3107, 3108(a) (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  8 GCA \'a7\'a7
 130.10, 130.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
When reviewing the admission of evidence under GRE 413 over an objection, the abuse of discretion standard of review is applied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See People v. Chinel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2013 Guam 24 \'b6 18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 If an abuse of discretion is found, reversal is warranted only where the abuse is not harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2009 Guam 2 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \'b6\'b6 53-55.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 A non-constitutional error requires reversal unless it is more probable than not that the error did not materially affect the verdict.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \'b6
 54 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Moses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  2007 Guam 5 \'b6 18).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
Because there was no objection to the admission of the testimony regarding Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s registry as a sex offender, the plain error standard is applied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
See People v. Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 24.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
When reviewing a constitutional violation, such as a comment on a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s invocation of his right to remain silent, the standard of review is harmless error, with a higher burden of proof than for non-constitutional errors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 112 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
The test for harmless error is whether it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Neder v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 527 U.S. 1, 15 (1999)) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab Because there was no objection to the People}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s questioning of the victim, this court reviews its admission for plain error.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The plain error standard is met when: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
(1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious under current law; (3) the error affected substantial rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6 23 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 19).
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ANALYSIS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Prior Convictions as GRE 413 Evidence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Abuse of Discretion
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
The trial court admitted into evidence two prior judgments previously entered against Diego in Oklahoma pursuant to GRE 413; the first judgment relates to Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s guilty plea to two counts of Lewd Molestation and the second judgment stems from a charge of one count of Sex Offender Residing Within 2000 Feet of School (as a felony).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ), tab 51 at 6 (Dec. & Order, Mar. 26, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Chinel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , we adopted the Tenth Circuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s three-part test to determine admissibility of evidence under Rule 413}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5112733 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid5112733 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  Though the Tenth Circuit is citing Federal Rule of Evidence (\'93FRE\'94
) 413, it is the source for GRE 413, therefore, the Tenth Circuit\rquote s interpretation of FRE 413 is persuasive.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5112733 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  GRE 413 (source).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 First, the defendant in the present case
 must be accused of sexual assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Second, the evidence proffered must be evidence of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s commission of another past act of sexual assault.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Third, the past act must be relevant, meaning that its existence must make any fact at issue more or less probable than if such evidence were excluded.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 2013 Guam 24 \'b6 25 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Guardia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 135 F.3d 1326, 1328 (10th Cir. 1998)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab Although the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s Decision and Order to admit the two prior judgments into evidence preceded }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Chinel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
, the court did consider the admissibility of the evidence under GRE 403 and 413 and also relied on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Guardia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
RA, tab 51 at 5 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
This court must now perform the appropriate analysis to determine if the trial court abused its discretion in admitting Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s two prior convictions under GRE 413.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The first prong, that the defendant be accused of a sexual assault, is clearly met because Diego is appealing his conviction of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 RA, tab 6 (Indictment, July 5, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The second prong, that the evidence proffered must be evidence of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s commission of another past act of sexual assault, requires a more detailed analysis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s two prior convictions admitted into evidence by the trial court are from Oklahoma, so it must initially be determined whether these convictions were offenses of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 criminal sexual conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  as defined by GRE 413(d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 RA, tab 51 at 2 (Dec. & Order). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 GRE 413(d) provides that an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 offense of criminal sexual conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  means a crime under Federal law, Guam law, or the law of a State . . . that involved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  any of the following: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 (1) any conduct proscribed by chapter 25 of Title 9, Guam Code Annotated; 
\par 
\par (2) any conduct proscribed by chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code; 
\par 
\par (3) contact, without consent, between any part of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s body or an object and the genitals or anus of another person; 
\par 
\par (4) contact, without consent, between the genitals or anus of the defendant and any part of another person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s body;
\par 
\par (5) deriving sexual pleasure or gratification from the infliction of death, bodily injury, or physical pain on another person; or 
\par 
\par (6) an attempt or conspiracy to engage in conduct described in paragraphs (1)-(5).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par GRE 413(d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab One of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s convictions was for Lewd Molestation and the second was for a charge of Sex Offender Residing Within 2000 Feet of a School, which was a violation of the terms of his release from the first conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
RA, tab 51 at 2 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab Lewd molestation makes it a crime to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
[l]ook upon, touch, maul, or feel the body or private parts of any child under sixteen (16) years of age in any lewd or lascivious manner by any acts against public decency and morality . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Okla. Stat. tit. 21 \'a7 1123(A)(2) (2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s Notice of Intent to Introduce Prior Sexual Assaults Pursuant to 6 GCA subsection 413 did not provide any additional facts or circumstances concerning the conviction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 RA, tab 37 at 2 (Notice Intent to Introduce Prior Sexual Assaults Pursuant to 6 GCA subsection 413, Dec. 19, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
More specifically, no evidence was introduced concerning the specific conduct of Diego that led to this conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Lewd molestation under the Oklahoma statute includes conduct that would not be considered criminal sexual conduct under GRE 413(d), specifically to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 look upon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  the body of a minor in a lewd or lascivious manner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 This conduct is not conduct proscribed by the criminal sexual conduct laws of Guam or the United States or that involves contact which would satisfy the requirements of GRE 413(d).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
If the People had obtained and included further information regarding this conviction which proved that Diego committed an offense of criminal sexual conduct within the meaning of GRE 413(d), this conviction may have been properly admitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 However, the People failed to introduce such evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Therefore, this court finds that the Oklahoma conviction under this statute, without any accompanying facts surrounding the conviction, cannot be considered an offense of criminal sexual conduct for the purposes of GRE 413 evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Therefore, to admit evidence of this conviction was an abuse of discretion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
When considering the conviction of Sex Offender Residing Within 2000 Feet of a School, it is clear that the evidence of this conviction was not evidence of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s commission of another past act of criminal sexual conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\delrsid8405771\charrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 as it only involved a violation of living restrictions as a sex offender.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Therefore, this conviction is inadmissible under GRE 413, and admitting it as such was an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Harmless Error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
If an abuse of discretion is found, reversal is warranted only where the abuse is not harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2009 Guam 2 \'b6\'b6 53-55.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
A non-constitutional error requires reversal unless it is more probable than not that the error did not materially affect the verdict.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \'b6 54 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Moses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  2007 Guam 5 \'b6 18).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Factors to consider include: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 (1) the overall strength of the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s case; (2) the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s conduct with respect to the improperly admitted evidence; (3) the importance of the wrongly admitted evidence; and (4) whether such evidence was cumulative of other properly admitted evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 People v. Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
, 2012 Guam 3 \'b6 41; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 see also United States v. Garcia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
, 413 F.3d 201, 217 (2d Cir. 2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
Even excluding the improperly admitted evidence, the case against Diego was strong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s case against Diego centered on the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s account of the incident.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 1 at 23-25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 She identified Diego as the person who touched her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 37-38.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 This alone is enough to sustain a conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 9 GCA \'a7 25.40 (2005) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The testimony of a victim need not be corroborated . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2004 Guam 18 \'b6 31 (holding that Guam law does not require corroboration of a victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s testimony).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Additionally, the testimony of the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s mother included a statement by Diego where he admitted that he was sick and needed help.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 3 at 86 (Sept. 20, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The prosecution properly moved for leave of the court to admit the evidence, which further supports a finding of harmless error as the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s conduct was not culpable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Finally, as the evidence was clearly not cumulative,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5112733 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid5112733 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  This consideration is more important for improperly admitted hearsay.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5112733 See Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 , 2012 Guam 3 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733\charrsid5794870 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  43 (\'93
Erroneous admission of . . . cumulative testimony is less prejudicial than admission of unique testimony.\'94).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  its importance to the case must be scrutinized.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 As discussed earlier, the evidence of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s convictions were not central to the case, as the prosecution had very strong evidence against him without the convictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Accordingly, we hold that even though the court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s prior criminal convictions, the admissibility of the convictions was harmless and did not materially affect the verdict.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Registry as a Sex Offender as GRE 413 Evidence: Plain Error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Evidence that Diego was a registered sex offender on Guam was introduced through testimony by the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s witness, Erika Perez, who was a Judiciary of Guam employee at the Guam Sex Offender Registry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 2 at 46 (Sept. 19, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 There was no objection to her testimony about his voluntary registration with her office.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Therefore, this court should review the admission of this evidence for plain error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The plain error standard is met when: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 (1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious u
nder current law; (3) the error affected substantial rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2013 Guam 15 \'b6 23 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 19).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\delrsid13832074\charrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab As discussed above, the facts surrounding Diego}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s sexual offense conviction are unknown.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Therefore, the conduct that required him, under Oklahoma law, to register as a sex offender is also unknown.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Because the evidence of his conviction is inadmissible under GR
E 413, the subsequent sex offender registry is also inadmissible under GRE 413.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Admitting it was error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Regardless of whether the error was plain, this court finds that the error did not affect Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s substantial rights as the case against him was strong without the admission of this evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab 
Because the case against Diego is strong given the remaining admissible evidence and the error did not affect Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s substantial rights, there was no plain error. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Commentary on Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s Invocation of his Right to Remain Silent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The United States Supreme Court has held that a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his right to remain silent carries no penalty, and that it would deprive a person of his due process if his silence was permitted to be used against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Doyle v. Ohio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 426 U.S. 610, 619 (1976) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 We hold that the use for impeachment purposes of petitioners}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  silence, at the time of arrest and after receiving }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Miranda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  warnings, violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Another Supreme Court case found that the Constitution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 forbids either comment by the prosecution on the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s silence or instructions by the court that such silence is evidence of guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Griffin v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 380 U.S. 609, 615 (1965).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 When reviewing such comments on the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his rights, it must be determined whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 absent the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s allusion to the failure of the defense to proffer evidence to rebut the testimony of the victims, is it clear beyond a reasonable doubt that the jury would have returned a guilty verdict?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Hasting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 461 U.S. 499, 510-11 (1983) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Harrington v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 395 U.S. 250, 254 (1969)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Such a constitutional violation is subject to a harmless error standard of review and reversal is not warranted where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 112 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Neder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 527 U.S. at 15 (1999)) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court must consider }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 the extent of comments made by the witness, whether an inference of guilt from silence was stressed to the jury, and the extent of other evidence suggesting defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s guilt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Newman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
, 943 F.2d 1155, 1158 (9th Cir. 1991)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 (citing }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Scarborough v. Arizona}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
, 531 F.2d 959, 962 (9th Cir. 1976)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Diego argues that both the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s opening statement and comments made by the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s witness, Officer Mesa, contained content relating to his rights to remain silent and his right to an attorney that were prejudicial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s Br. at 9 (Mar. 9, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Both comments made by the People and the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s witness about Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his rights are subject to a harmless error standard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Chapman v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 386 U.S. 18, 20 (1967). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Opening Statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 During their opening, the People described the situation surrounding Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 1 at 8 (Sept. 18, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Regarding his invocation of rights, the People stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 he voluntarily agreed to go with [the police], and then, as his constitutional right, invoked his right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 In response, Diego filed a motion for a mistrial declaring this comment was a violation of Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s rights, and the People respond
ed that the comments were not prejudicial and were intended to help describe the scene surrounding Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 3 at 4-12 (Sept. 20, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Further, the People pointed out that Diego did not object at the time the comments were made and furthe
r argued that even if the comments were potentially prejudicial, their effect could be cured and amount to harmless error because of the overwhelming evidence against Diego.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
 at 8-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab The court denied the motion, citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Holding v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 290 Ark. 458, at 462-63, 721 S.W.2d 614, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Kurlemann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 708 F.3d 722 (6th Cir. 2013),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5112733 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid5112733 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5112733 Kurlemann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733  has been amended and superseded, but this opinion does not rely on this case.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Lakeside v. Oregon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 435 U.S. 333 (1978), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Stevenson v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 2013 Ark. 100, 426 S.W.3d 416, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Okatan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 728 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 3 at 12 (Sept. 20, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Specifically, the court noted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Maldonado v. Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 274 P.3d 1110 (Cal. 2012), and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Okatan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 728 F.3d 111, provide the authority to deny the motion for mistrial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 3 at 12-13 (Sept. 20, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The cases cited by the trial court do not contain the harmless error analysis found in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Newman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , but the decision may still be affirmed if this court finds that the admission of the evidence is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Newman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 943 F.2d at 1157-58.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Newman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  was reviewing the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s decision not to grant a new trial where it found that a limiting jury instruction was curative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Newman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  court found, however, that the prosecutor asked the arresting officer questions that elicited extensive answers that were focused on the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s silence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 1158.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The following questions and answers were objected to and given curative instructions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Q.\tab 
Did you advise him of his rights?
\par 
\par A.\tab I did at that point in time.
\par 
\par Q. \tab And what was decided at that point?
\par 
\par A.\tab Mr. Newman would remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
He wished not to make a statement.
\par 
\par . . . .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par Q.\tab He said that he wanted - he didn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 t want to say anything.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Did he say that he would be willing to later, though?
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 A.\tab 
At that point in time he said he might be willing later to give a statement .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 1156.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court found these questions and responses had the effect of suggesting that the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 must have been guilty because an innocent person would not have remained silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
 at 1158.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Additionally, the remaining evidence against the defendant was all circumstantial evidence, with no witnesses claiming to have seen him commit the crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The Ninth Circuit, in another case, held there was harmless error where it found prosecutorial misconduct in the form of two comments made in the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s closing and two questions that the defendant refused to answer because there was }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 overwhelming evidence of guilt in the record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Ahlswede v. Wolff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 720 F.2d 1108, 1110 (9th Cir. 1983) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Neither remark was manifestly intended as, nor was of such character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take it to be, a comment on the failure to testify.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 It has already been established that the case against Diego is extremely strong, making this obvious error harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Although the People gave an unclear reason for commenting on Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his rights, it is well-settled law that any comment on the invocat
ion of such rights is error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Although it was a constitutional violation for the People to comment on Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his right to remain silent and such conduct should be avoided, considering the strength of the case against him and Jury Instruction 
3M (jury not to consider any testimony involving the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s right to remain silent) given to the jury as a curative measure, these comments in the present context are harmless. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Witness Comments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Next, this court must analyze the comments made by the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s witness, Officer Mesa.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The prosecution never explicitly asked the officer if Diego decided to remain silent; however, the officer did, twice, volunteer that Diego invoked his right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 2 at 93-94 (Sept. 19, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
The questions that elicited these responses did not specifically seek information about his invocation of his rights, but only asked the officer to explain what happened next.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The last objection came when the People asked, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 When was the defendant advised of his constitutional rights?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 96-97.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
It was this third question that seems the most troublesome, because the People specifically asked about Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s right to remain silent, which as previously stated is conduct the People should avoid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The trial court erred in allowing any comments and questions about Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his rights, but they are not as grave as the comments made in the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s opening.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Further, these questions and answers were properly stricken from the record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 94-95.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Therefore, these errors are also harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 We take this opportunity to again advise the People that they should never comment on a defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s invocation of his rights, regardless of the intent behind the
 comments.
\par //
\par //
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Witness Vouching}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Finally, Diego argues that the People committed prosecutorial misconduct in the form of vouching for the victim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s Br. at 14-15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 During the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s redirect examination, the People asked her the following:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Q:\tab Okay.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 And is everything you testified to the truth?
\par 
\par A:\tab Yes.
\par 
\par Q:\tab And is everything you wrote in the written statements the truth?
\par 
\par A:\tab Yes.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-540\li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-547\li1267\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1267\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Q:\tab Okay.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Now is that written statement a true and ac
curate copy of what you gave to police that day?
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 A:\tab Yes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Tr., vol. 1 at 60 (Sept. 18, 2013).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 There was no objection by Diego to this testimony.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Where there was no objection to such questioning during the trial, the plain error standard is applied.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See People v. Evaristo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 1999 Guam 22 \'b6 29.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 This standard of review requires first a finding of error, next the error must be plain, and finally, the error must have affected a substantial right.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Olano}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 507 U.S. 725, 732 (1993).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 If a plain error is found, then reversal is warranted only where the error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 seriously affect[s] the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  at 732 (alteration in original) (quoting }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Young}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 470 U.S. 1, 15 (1985
)) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The court must initially determine whether there was an error in the form of the People improperly vouching.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See People v. Ueki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 19.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Vouching occurs when the government either: (1) suggests that t
he government is aware of evidence not presented to the jury which would tend to support a particular witness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  testimony; or (2) places the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 prestige of the government behind the witnesses through personal assurances of their veracity . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '" }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  (alteration in original) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 United States v. Molina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 934 F.2d 1440, 1445 (9th Cir. 1991)).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The questions asked of the victim did not constitute vouching as they neither suggested the People were aware of evidence not presented to the jury nor 
did they place the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
prestige of the government behind the witness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The question regarding J.P.S.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s written statement was asked to provide a basis for the statement before it was entered into evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091  Tr., vol. 1 at 60 (Sept. 18, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 The question regarding the statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
s truthfulness is reasonable and does not consist of vouching as it neither suggests the People are aware of evidence not presented nor places the prestige of the government behind the statement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 See Ueki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par 
\par  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Because these questions do not constitute vouching, there is no error thus ending this inquiry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Based on the foregoing, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 AFFIRM }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 s convictions because any errors committed in this case were harmless or did not constitute plain error given the strong evidence against him.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5112733\charrsid2717091 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid2717091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 ____________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 \cell _______________________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid2717091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid2717091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2717091 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091\charrsid2717091 ____________________________________
\par ROBERT J. TORRES
\par Chief Justice\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2717091 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid2717091\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7095029 {\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft6924\shptop105\shpright7522\shpbottom525\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz1\shplid1026
{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockRotation}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAspectRatio}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockPosition}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstSelect}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockVerticies}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockText}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAdjustHandles}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstGrouping}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 65536}}{\sp{\sn hspNext}{\sv 1026}}{\sp{\sn fRotateText}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFitShapeToText}{\sv 1}}
{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockShapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv Text Box 3}}{\sp{\sn metroBlob}{\sv {\*\svb 
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002f0100005f72656c732f2e72656c73504b01022d0014000600080000002100f0884c0c22020000220400000e000000000000000000000000002e0200006472732f65326f446f632e786d6c504b01022d0014000600080000002100b57322bfe10000000b0100000f000000000000000000000000007c0400006472732f64
6f776e7265762e786d6c504b05060000000004000400f30000008a0500000000}}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fAllowOverlap}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fBehindDocument}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fHidden}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fPseudoInline}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn pctVert}{\sv 200}}{\sp{\sn sizerelh}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn sizerelv}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\shptxt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5112733 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 /s/
\par }}}{\shprslt{\*\do\dobxcolumn\dobypara\dodhgt1\dptxbx\dptxlrtb{\dptxbxtext\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5112733 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5112733 /s/
\par }}\dpx6924\dpy105\dpxsize598\dpysize420\dpfillfgcr255\dpfillfgcg255\dpfillfgcb255\dpfillbgcr255\dpfillbgcg255\dpfillbgcb255\dpfillpat1\dplinehollow}}}
{\shp{\*\shpinst\shpleft1786\shptop98\shpright2384\shpbottom518\shpfhdr0\shpbxcolumn\shpbxignore\shpbypara\shpbyignore\shpwr3\shpwrk0\shpfblwtxt1\shpz0\shplid1027{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 202}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockRotation}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAspectRatio}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockPosition}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstSelect}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockVerticies}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockText}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLockAdjustHandles}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockAgainstGrouping}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn lTxid}{\sv 131072}}{\sp{\sn hspNext}{\sv 1027}}{\sp{\sn fRotateText}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFitShapeToText}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fFilled}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fArrowheadsOK}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fLockShapeType}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv Text Box 3}}{\sp{\sn metroBlob}{\sv {\*\svb 
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