{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}
{\f3\fbidi \froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fbidi \fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f59\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f60\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
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{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f379\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f380\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f382\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f383\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f419\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f420\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}
{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f423\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
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{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
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\sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \sunhideused \styrsid16611761 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \f0\fs24 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid16611761 Header Char;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \sunhideused \styrsid16611761 footer;}
{\*\cs20 \additive \f0\fs24 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid16611761 Footer Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \spriority0 \styrsid16611761 page number;}{
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\sbasedon0 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid16521776 Medium Grid 1 Accent 2;}{\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext23 \slink24 \sunhideused \styrsid16521776 footnote text;}{\*\cs24 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink23 \slocked \styrsid16521776 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs25 \additive \super 
\ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid16521776 footnote reference;}{\s26\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f38\fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext26 \slink27 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid2891697 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs27 \additive \f38\fs16 \slink26 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid2891697 Balloon Text Char;}{\*\cs28 
\additive \fs16 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid2365064 annotation reference;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid2365064 annotation text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \f0\fs20 \slink29 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid2365064 Comment Text Char;}{
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\sbasedon29 \snext29 \slink32 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \styrsid2365064 annotation subject;}{\*\cs32 \additive \b\f0\fs20 \slink31 \slocked \ssemihidden \styrsid2365064 Comment Subject Char;}{\*\cs33 \additive \i \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid806975 
Emphasis;}{\*\cs34 \additive \ul\cf2 \sunhideused \styrsid14706304 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs35 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid14706304 apple-converted-space;}{\*\cs36 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid6978696 co_searchterm;}{\*\cs37 \additive \b 
\sqformat \spriority22 \styrsid6978696 Strong;}{\*\cs38 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid6978696 co_starpage;}{\*\cs39 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid6978696 co_pinpointicon;}{
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\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext41 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid2247570 List Paragraph;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid1944497958{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0
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\mintLim0\mnaryLim1}{\info{\title 2016 Guam 25}{\subject People v. Kazuta, CRA15-016}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator Gloria Duenas-Cruz}{\creatim\yr2016\mo9\dy2\hr16\min35}{\revtim\yr2016\mo9\dy2\hr16\min36}{\printim\yr2016\mo8\dy29\hr11\min35}
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\i\fs20\insrsid5455256 People v. Katzuta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid5455256 , 2016 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid9256171 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid5455256 , Opinion\tab \tab Page}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid5455256\charrsid15736528  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid5455256\charrsid15736528  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid16611761 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid478042 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid12725489 THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4598096 PEOPLE OF GUAM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761 Plaintiff-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 ,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid1977462 ruben katzuta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid16265346  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\lang1033\langfe0\langnp1033\insrsid4000206 aka Peter John}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 .
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\cgrid {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs28\ulnone\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qc \li0\ri0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14575149 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid14575149 Filed:  August 29, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid14575149\charrsid14575149 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid5064144 Cite as: 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid16611761\charrsid14637041  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid9256171 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\insrsid16611761\charrsid14637041 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 Supreme Court Case No.:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid533734 CRA15-016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par Superior Court Case No.:  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid533734 CF0007-14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 ed and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15935486 February 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8735503 , 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid533734 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid13917111\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13917111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4598096 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1977462 Ladd A. Baumann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid987854 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4598096  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4598096\charrsid16333120 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1977462 Mark E. Kondas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15276680 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15276680\charrsid16333120 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15276680 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1977462 Baumann, Kondas, and Xu, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid741091 DNA Bldg.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2960211 238 Archbishop Flores }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14890399 St.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2960211 , Ste. 903}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16333120 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10777920 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4598096 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid16597833 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13917111 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0\insrsid16611761\charrsid9191800 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4598096 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid288360 Yoav S. Sered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid4598096\charrsid13589843 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par 590 S. Marine Corps }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14890399 Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4598096 , Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid13917111\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid741091 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 BEFORE: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 ROBERT J. TORRES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 , Chief Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761\charrsid271537  Asso}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 ciate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16611761\charrsid271537 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16611761 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid928850 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16611761 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid9437643\charrsid13139924 MARAMAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf1\insrsid16611761\charrsid13139924 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid8735503\charrsid13139924  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid16611761\charrsid13139924 J.:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf17\insrsid8735503\charrsid6978696 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 Defendant-Appellant Ruben Katzuta appeals from a final judgment convicting him of Aggravated Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478363 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 a Second Degree Felony)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5574688 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  Aggravated Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5574688 ault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478363 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5574688 a Third Degree Felony);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  Special Allegations of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony affiliated with both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5574688 
 Aggravated Assault convictions;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  and Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478363 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478363 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 isdemeanor) as a lesser included offense (\'93LIO\'94) of Aggravated Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3478363 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 a Third Degree Felony).  Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6227533 e convictions come after Katzuta was retried on charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8070834 where the jury was deadlocked and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10029735 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 court declar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5574688 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  a mistrial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11603708 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 Katzuta seeks reversal of his convictions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1013348\charrsid16647426 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  dismissal of his charges based on his argument, raised for the first time on appeal, that the doctrine of collateral estoppel should have foreclosed relitigation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7348917  on the deadlocked charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 .  He also claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel failed to move the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14418880 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348 c
ourt to dismiss the charges based on the collateral estoppel claim.  In the alternative, Katzuta seeks a reversal and remand because he claims it was an abuse of the trial court\rquote s discretion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1013348 sua }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1013348\charrsid16520730 sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348\charrsid16520730 reduce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  the jury size}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid227736  in the retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1013348  from twelve to six jurors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6959603\charrsid6449763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11295111  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16544935 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6701634\charrsid6449763 For the reasons stated herein, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6974469 
we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15030653 affirm }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16729307 Katzuta\rquote s convictions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15470303\charrsid6449763  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16544935\charrsid6449763 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid741091\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid11823131 I.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid16521776\charrsid6449763 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12135425 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425 A.  Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid8209152 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425\charrsid12135425 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 On January 14, 2014, a Superior Court of Guam Grand Jury indicted Katzuta on one charge of Attempted Murder (as a First Degree Felony), in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7
 16.20(a)(1) and 13.60, and a Special Allegation, Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078  in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 80.37.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687   At Katzuta\rquote s arraignment hearing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9856227  he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  pleaded not guilty to the charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11031684 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 denied the special allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11031684  and orally requested for a twelve-person jury trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11031684 This or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1577930 al request for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 a twelve-person jury trial was recorded on the arraignment hearing minute entry sheet. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5994468  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
Katzuta\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3351975 request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 was also recognized by the trial court as indicated by the arraignment hearing transcripts.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 Plaintiff-Appellee People of Guam (\'93the People\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  filed a superseding indictment on October 9, 2014. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6047027  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
In addition to the original charged crimes from the January 14 indictment, Katzuta was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid201026 also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  indicted for:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1440\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid741091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Charge 2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9845608 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid741091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Aggravated Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid3478363 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 s a Second Degree Felony), in violation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9845608 of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 19.20(a)(1) and (b);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3224972 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2900397 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  Special Allegation (Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony), in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 80.37.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri1440\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin720\itap0\pararsid741091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Charge 3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9845608 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid741091 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Aggravated Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid3478363 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 s a Third Degree Felony), in violation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9845608 of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 19.20(a)(3) and (b);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9845608 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1407603   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3224972 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2900397 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  Special Allegation (Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid741091 in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 80.37. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4736687 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7543358\charrsid4736687 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7543358 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7543358 , tab 36 at 1-3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7543358\charrsid4736687  (Superseding Indictment, Oct. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7543358 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7543358\charrsid4736687 , 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687   Katzuta was again arraigned and pleaded not guilty to all charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6234508 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  denied the special allegations f
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078 rom the superseding indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6234508 , and did not request for a jury trial of twelve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9334559 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425 B.  First Trial and Deadlocked Jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425\charrsid12135425 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9334559\charrsid4736687 Voir dire commenced on October 15, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9334559\charrsid4736687  and a twelve-person jury was empaneled and sworn}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9334559 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
In the first trial, the People called several witnesses, including the victim, T.R. Reuney; neighbors who were at or arrived shortly after the time o
f the criminal act; arriving medics; patrol officers arriving at the scene; the arresting officer; and the emergency medical treating physician.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4218184  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  After the People rested their case, defense counsel called the medic who treated T.R. while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16140025 n route to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2112345 Guam Memorial Hospital (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16140025 GMH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4812078 \'94).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16140025 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid741091 testified i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186 n his own defense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1202806\charrsid1207253 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
Throughout the trial, evidence was presented regarding the appearance of the premises where the alleged criminal act took place, alleged parties present at the time of the criminal act, and the extent of the injuries }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8213174 T.R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 sustained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14299564 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1966931 The jury found Katzuta not guilty of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1795355 
Attempted Murder }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1795355 related }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Special Allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1966931 , but was deadlocked on the remaining charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1795355  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid94639\charrsid3475469 The trial court declared a mistrial on the hung charges, and entered a verdict of not guilty for Attempted Murder and the related Special Allegation.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid94639   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1966931 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1966931\charrsid4736687  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 retri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1966931 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  for the hung char}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid12979668 ges: Charge 2 \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12979668\charrsid4736687 Aggravated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12979668  Assault (as a Second Degree Felony), Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12979668  \endash  Aggravated Assault (as a Third Degree Felony), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid15729186 nd related Special Allegations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4736687 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Before the retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5447860 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 trial counsel for Katzuta mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid5447860 ved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  to withdraw as attorney and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404231 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5447860 appointment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  new counsel. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14751117  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 The trial court granted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14491332 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  motion, and appointed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14491332 new }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186 counsel for the retrial.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12135425 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid6961838\charrsid2645705 C.  Jury Size Motions and Retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid12135425\charrsid12135425 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Jury selection for the retrial began on February 10, 2015. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 The trial court read 8 GCA 
\'a7 85.15,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6304579  which governs jury size,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  and based on this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3106521 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 , the trial court reduce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7559612 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  the jury panel size from twelve to six members.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Immediately after the trial judge made this decision, defense counsel made a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9592222 n oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  request on record for a jury of twelve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 Thereafter, the prosecution made a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4861701 n oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  motion to require a jury of twelve for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1779842 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\cf1\super\insrsid13306150\charrsid4736687 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13306150 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\super\insrsid13306150\charrsid14286950 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150  The p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150\charrsid14286950 rosecuting attorney cited to 8 GCA \'a7 50.58}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16404231 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150\charrsid14286950  which governs the return of an indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150\charrsid14286950  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2645705 Title }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150 8 GCA \'a7 50.58 states in pertinent part, \'93[a]n indictment may be found only upon the concurren
ce of twelve (12) or more jurors . . . .  If the defendant has been arrested and twelve (12) jurors do not concur in finding an indictment, the foreman shall so report to the court in writing forthwith.\'94  8 GCA \'a7 50.58 (2005).  The prosecution
\rquote s objection used the language from 8 GCA \'a7 50.58 and stated that \'93the logic doesn\rquote 
t follow that you would require twelve Grand Jury members to have a concurrence that there was probable cause, and yet have six people determine a defendant\rquote s g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11947924 uilt for a felony matter.\'94  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4784681 Transcript (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11947924 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4784681 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13306150 
 at 3-4 (Jury Trial, Feb. 10, 2015).  Katzuta supported this objection.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3109622  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 The trial court asked defense counsel if he would like to respond, to which defense counsel stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404231 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  
\'93Your Honor, obviously we support that.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14765312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11947924 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
 at 5 (Jury Trial, Feb. 10, 2015).  In denying both counsels\rquote  requests for a twelve-person jury,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15826324  the trial court expressed the following:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  \'93I understand the argument, but I still think that the law is clear, and I don\rquote t find that it\rquote s ambiguous. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4789113  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 So I\rquote m just following 85.15 of Title 8 basically.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4789113  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid4784681 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  at 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
After an amended superseding indictment was filed, which removed the Attempted Murder charge and related Special Allegation, a jury of six }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16086065 members }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 was empaneled and the retrial commenced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
 After four days of trial, the jury returned a guilty verdict for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4665581 both Aggravated Assault}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid15078391 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16086065 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
 related Special Allegations, and the LIO of Assault (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11209078 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 s a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13060477 Misdemeanor}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4665581  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11947924  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 The six-person
 jury was individually polled and all conc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729186 urred with the guilty verdicts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 The court entered the guilty verdicts in a final judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404231 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4481171 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4736687\charrsid4736687 
Katzuta filed a timely notice of appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404231\charrsid4736687 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7543358\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid11823131 II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid6821281 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid16404231  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf1\insrsid6821281 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid16521776\charrsid6449763  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1186779 is co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696 urt has appellate jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10583957 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696  \'a7 1424-1(a)(2)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16404231  (Westlaw through Pub. L. 114-219}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14437938  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11352554 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14437938 ))}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725489 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725489 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid658534  GCA \'a7\'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid803906 3107(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725489  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid658534  3108(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12929982  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid12725489 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid803906  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696 8 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725489 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid803906 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725489 130.10 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696 130.15(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12929982  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9466673\charrsid6978696 .  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9256171\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid11823131 III.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid14509507 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf1\insrsid13268665\charrsid14509507 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 \'93Any issues not raised by the defendant at trial or at sentencing are reviewed for plain error.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11536143  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8747847 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13268665 Joshua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 
, 2015 Guam 32 \'b6 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4796630  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11478991 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4796630 Moses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4796630 , 2007 Guam 5 
\'b6\'b6 8, 53)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13788475   Plain error affects the defendant\rquote s substantial rights and is error that is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 
 clear or obvious under current law where reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6183053  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13268665 
People v. Quitugua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 , 2009 Guam 10 \'b6 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908085  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908085   
\'93The appellant bears the burden to demonstrate that reversal is warranted.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1908085 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1908085  (citations omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13268665\charrsid1908085 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9242216 We apply a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9242216 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9242216  standard of review when we address is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856 sues of statutory construction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9242216 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3342856 Joshua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856 , 2015 Guam 32 \'b6 20 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3342856 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15872934 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 9)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6820431 ; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12810984 Sumitomo Constr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4207420 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12810984 , Co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2502851 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid12810984  v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810984 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9251324 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12810984  7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9251324 , 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15872934 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid661403   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid481464 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5716777 Issues of the law of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486068 case doctrine}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5716777  or rules governing reconsideration are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 for an abuse of discretion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9969062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9769500 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 People v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15216907  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7172052 (citation omitted) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15216907 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1397192 finding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in reconsidering a previous order)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid682569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid682569 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 United States v. Alexander}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 , 106 F.3d 874, 876 (9th Cir. 1997)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13305666  (\'93
Failure to apply the doctrine of the law of the case absent one of the multiple conditions constitutes an abuse of discretion.\'94 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13305666 Thomas v. Bible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13305666 
, 983 F.2d 152, 155 (9th Cir. 1993)))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid1927278 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14243379 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5454083 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856 
A trial court abuses its discretion when its decision is based on an erroneous conclusion of law or where the record contains no evidence on which the judge could have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5454083  rationally based }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5454083\charrsid3745896 the decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid3745896 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7486068\charrsid3745896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid3745896  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3342856\charrsid3745896 Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid3745896 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6 13 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3342856\charrsid3745896 Town House Dep\rquote 
t Stores, Inc. v. Ahn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8678179\charrsid3745896 , 2003 Guam 6 \'b6 27).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896 Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896 
 expounds upon the definition of an abuse of discretion stating that it is an abuse of discretion when the trial court\rquote s decision is not \'93justified by the evidence, a judgment that is clearly 
against the logic and effect of the facts as are found.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3823475   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3823475 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896 People v. Tuncap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896 , 1998 Guam 13 \'b6 12).  On review, we do not \'93
substitute [our] judgment for that of the trial court.  Instead, [we] must first have a definite and firm conviction the trial court, after weighing relevant factors, committed clear error of judgment in its conclusion.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3035476\charrsid3745896 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3342856\charrsid8157301 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000 \'93Ineffective assistance of counsel claims are mixed questions of law and fact, which we review }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14050000 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000 .\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2650064 People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14050000 v. Meseral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000 , 2014 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4616780 uam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000  13 \'b6 13 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14050000 Angoco v. Bitanga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14050000 , 2001 Guam 17 \'b6 7); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2829381 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2829381  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14050000 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7172052 
Leon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14050000 Guerrero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000 , 2001 Guam 19 \'b6 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3823475  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050000 .    }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13268665\charrsid13905866 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7543358\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid13519154 IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid8718771 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid7172052  ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid3436036 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4332977 Katzuta raises three issues on appeal.  We initially review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10841651 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4332977 
 argument that his convictions should be reversed and that the charges from the amended superseding indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid668594 be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4332977 
dismissed because the doctrine of collateral estoppel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13190093  should have barred a retrial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid4332977 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13442051 A.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid4486627 Doctrine of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570  Collateral Estoppel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13442051 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 1.  Plain Error Standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid1645019  of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Katzuta did not raise the issue of collateral estoppel on double jeopardy grounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7234891 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  the trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7234891 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 \'93As a matter of general practice, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3357235 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 this court will not address an argument raised for the first time on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3357235 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 \'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3357235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 People v. Camacho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 , 2013 Guam 3 \'b6 9 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3357235 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3357235 Taniguchi-Ruth + Assocs. v. MDI Guam Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3357235 , 2005 Guam 7 \'b6 78}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 
).  However, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16731221 we have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 discretion to review or disregard an argument raised for the first time on appeal.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16731221  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 People v. Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 , 2012 Guam 3 \'b6 37 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16519936 citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16519936 People v. Leslie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16519936 , 2011 Guam 23 \'b6 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 
).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4198938 This court\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2576218  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13116759 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 
exercise of discretion to review a newly raised issue is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3961190 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 reserved for extraordinary circumstances where review is necessary to add}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 ress a miscarriage of justice or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302  to clarify significant issues of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3961190 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3961190  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid10291252 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577245 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2577245 Leslie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2577245 , 2011 Guam 23 \'b6 28)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid4598302 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Because Katzuta\rquote s collateral estop
pel claim concerns a potential violation of his basic constitutional right, this issue constitutes an extraordinary circumstance where review is necessary to address a miscarriage of justice. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1777056 We will review Katzuta\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  appellate claim under }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10837558 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  plain error standard.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid207653 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Plain error is highly prejudicial error}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11480259 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  affecting the defendant\rquote s substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13397911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Quitugua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 2009 Guam 10 \'b6 11.  To warrant a reversal, Katzuta bears the burden to prove that \'93(1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious un
der current law; (3) the error affected substantial rights; and (4) reversal is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13397911  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13397911 (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 2.  Collateral Estoppel \endash  Whether the Trial Court
 Committed an Error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Katzuta claims highly prejudicial error occurred }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11092781 
because he was subjected to a retrial when charges should have been dismissed on double jeopardy grounds, specifically pursuant to the doctrine of collateral estoppel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11092781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9638363  (Sept. 25, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid547524 B}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 ecause the first trial resulted in an acquittal of the Attempted Murder and the accompanying Special Allegation,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10240939  Katzuta contends that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9071587  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 People are barred from retrying him on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10707474 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 Aggravated Assault (as a Second Degree Felony), Aggravated Assault (as a Third Degree Felony),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14050021  and related Special Allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6162555 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14050021 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  and LIO of Assault (as a Misdemeanor). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1446070  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid619377 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 at 20-21.  Specifically, Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1446070 asserts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid10317412 Attempted Murder acquittal proves}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7958805  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid10317412  the jury found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid10317412 Katzuta \'93
did not injure T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5255500 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid10317412  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5255500  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid5255500\charrsid15729186 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \expnd4\expndtw20\insrsid2247570\charrsid15729186  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid10317412 
[he] did not create substantial risk of death (serious bodily injury) or cause physical pain (bodily injury).\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8475622  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 21.  Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14424731 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 claims that the Special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570\charrsid8089151 Allegation acquittal proves the jury found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid8089151 he did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
possess and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid8089151 use a knife }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 at the time of the criminal episode and that this was an essential element to the remaining Special Allegations. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2450421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 20. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
The People maintain that the trial court did not err in trying Katzuta for the charges in the amended superseding indictment because \'93the issue at hand was not an ultimate fact that was decided by the jury\rquote s acquittal of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2833994  Katzuta in the first trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2833994   Appellee\rquote s Br. at 9-10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid542277  (Nov. 30, 2015)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2833994 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11940992  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16388600 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
failed to meet his burden of demonstrating that the jury must have grounded its verdict on the facts he wished to foreclose.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13634935 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11566160 t is the People\rquote s position that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11566160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11566160 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
rom a review of the first trial record, there is evidence presented by the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16388600 of Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 that could allow the jury to conclude that Katzuta lacked the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  for the offense of attempted murder, without necessarily deciding whether a deadly weapon was use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11566160 
d in the attack on the victim.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 11. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid1127066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment does not prevent re-prosecution of a charge when the previous trial results in a mistrial due to a jury failing to reach a verdict.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid745189  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid15204848 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Yeager v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , 557 U.S. 110, 118 (2009)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11826537  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .  However, under c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 ollateral estoppel principles, retrial of a certain charge may be barred if an ultimate fact has been determined by a valid and final judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6893660  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2247570 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid11566160 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 119}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12605607  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7934934 
(footnote omitted) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12605607 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12605607 Ashe v. Swenson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12605607 , 397 U.S. 436 (1970)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 .  The United States Supreme Court opined that collateral estoppel applies in criminal proceedings because it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid745189 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 is embodied in the F
ifth Amendment guarantee against double jeopardy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid745189 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6893660  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Ashe}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 397 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9978056 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  444-45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid745189  (footnote omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 .  Because of the vitally important interest of preservation of \'93the finality of judgment,\'94 collateral estoppel would bar retrial of a defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6893660  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 557 U.S. at 118}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid745189 -19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Collateral estoppel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12980389 means that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  \'93when an issue of ultimate fact has been determined by a valid and final judgment, that issue cannot again be litigated between the same parties in any future lawsuit.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3354752  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid745189 People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 v. Angoco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 2004 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid745189 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 11 \'b6 9 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 People v. San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 1999 Guam 19 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11077667  12).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3019695 To illustrate,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2692469 Unite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9782691 d States }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3019695 Supreme Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11696929 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Ashe v. Swenson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
the jury acquitted the defendant of a single offense of robbery because there was insufficient evidence to prove the only contested issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11880501  at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16128846  
\endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  identity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1928356  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  397 U.S. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8924751 440, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 445.  The Court held that the acquittal collaterally estopped subsequent p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13857457 
rosecution of the defendant for the alleged }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 robbery of a different victim during the same criminal episode.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1928356  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 446. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Ashe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12405949 ruled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9843985 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8924751 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9843985 where a previous judgment of acquittal was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3558564 based upon a general verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2650866 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8924751 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2650866  courts must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid14897910 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11566160 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8335069 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
[E]xamine the record of a prior proceeding, taking into account the pleadings, evidence, charge, and other relevant matter, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid14511685 conclude whether a ration
al jury could have grounded its verdict upon an issue other than that which the defendant seeks to foreclose from consideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10360122\charrsid14511685 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
  The inquiry }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2623900 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 must be set in a practical frame and viewed with an eye to all circumstances of the proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2623900 
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3034653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14830674 (footnote omitted) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Sealfon v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 332 U.S. 575, 579 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3558564 948))}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12458066 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 e law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12458066 as }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 expressed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Ashe }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
is controlling when analyzing a collateral estoppel claim under the Double Jeopardy Clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12458066 .  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11352999  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid12458066  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid12458066 Ashe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11352999  Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11368517 addressed a collateral estoppel claim
 as applied to a single charge.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7871901 Here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14098178 , Katzuta faced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2112561  multiple charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16345953 for violation of different crimes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2112561 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3034653  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5190490 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 he Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10041357 \rquote s analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9776090 provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 further guidance on when a retrial against a defendant is barred if a jury, in the same trial, acquitted a defendant on certain counts and was deadlocked on others. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10892714  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , 557 U.S. at 119}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7037386 -20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10892714 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14710051 
 jury acquitted the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14710051 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 fraud charges but was deadlocked as to insider trading charges that stemmed from the same criminal episode. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14961177  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13900550 14-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 15.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12455416\charrsid2247570 
Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12455416 concluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1931515  that \'93acquittals can preclude retrial on counts on which the same jury hangs\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12455416 
and held}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15729995  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  \'93consideration of hung counts has no place in the issue-preclusion analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10954863 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10954863   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13900550\charrsid2247570 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13900550 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , 125.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10634110   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7622462 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid13455606 Instead the proper inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1733578 
, as the Court held,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3613697 to determine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
whether the issue which a defendant wishes to preclude \'93was a critical issue of ultimate fact in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 all of the charges against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  [a defendant]\'94 and if \'93a jury verdict that necessarily decided that issue in [the defendant\rquote s] favor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9510141  protects }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 him from prosecution for any charge for which that is an essential element.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12871501  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 123}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15029030  (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8794459 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4983752 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid4983752 Yeager }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4983752 case was remanded to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Fifth Circuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4983752  Court of Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11566160 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3164095 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3164095\charrsid2247570 United States v. Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3164095\charrsid2247570 , 334 F. App\rquote 
x. 707, 708-09 (5th Cir. 2009).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4983752  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3164095  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8532585 The Fifth Circuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  upheld }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11566160 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  previous decision finding that a proper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  factual det}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3488255 ermination of the entire record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  was conducted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3488255 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3488255\charrsid2247570 as required by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3488255\charrsid2247570 
Ashe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3488255\charrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 and found that in acquitting the defendant, the jury must have made a finding that the defendan
t did not have any insider information. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4983752  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid9838301 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570   The Fifth Circuit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16596129 determined that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  reprosecution on the deadlocked charges for insider trading and money laundering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16596129 
 was precluded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  because of the jury\rquote s finding. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4983752  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid3034653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4414431 We note that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10702595 , based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10702595\charrsid12606671 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10702595 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10702595\charrsid12606671 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10702595  charges o}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11566160 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10702595  which the jury was deadlocked cannot be considered in our analysis under the doctrine of collateral estoppel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16593507   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10055060\charrsid3606692 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid10055060  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16593507\charrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16593507\charrsid2247570 , 557 U.S. at 123, 125.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16593507   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10702595 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Whether the doctrine of collateral estoppel applies and bars future litigation has been addresse
d by this jurisdiction in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Angoco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 cases.  This jurisdiction addressed a simplified approach to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  inquiry by using a three-part test, otherwise referred to as the \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  test.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9257109  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5783228 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid15037098 Angoco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 2004 Guam 11 \'b6 10 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
, 1999 Guam 19 \'b6 13).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid15037098 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4854689  three-part test is the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 : 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-576\li1296\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1296\itap0\pararsid16654003 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12720245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (1)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid16744211 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 An identification of the issues in the two actions for the purpose of determining whether the issues are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid3296712 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sufficiently similar and sufficiently material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid16744211 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in both actions to justify invokin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
g the doctrine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid613012 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [of collateral estoppel]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid16744211 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12720245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (2)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11566160 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n examination of the record of the prior case to decide whether the issue was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11566160 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid3296712 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 litigated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11566160 \loch\af0\dbch\af37\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  in the first case; and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s41\qj \fi-576\li1296\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1296\itap0\pararsid12720245\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12720245 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (3)\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11566160 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
n examination of the record of the prior proceeding to ascertain whether the issue was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2247570\charrsid3296712 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nec\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 essarily decided}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2247570 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  [in the defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s favor]. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11566160 (emphase}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3606692 s added) (footnote omitted) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 1999 Guam 19 \'b6 13).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid13382698  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7161205 The defendant holds the burden to demonstrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
that the issue sought to be foreclosed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7161205 for relitigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 was actually decided in the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6701358 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6701358 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Dowling v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 493 U.S. 342, 350 (1990)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2240179  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid933515 advances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid933515 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 the following issues have been previously litigated and decided by his acquittal of the Attempted Murder (as a First Degree Felony) an
d Special Allegation (Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony), and therefore he cannot be retried}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8213578  based on collateral estoppel \endash  that he did not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16662516 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13566442  (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid14549075 injure T.R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8417517 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570\charrsid14549075  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13566442 (2) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid14549075 ause bodily injury to T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8417517 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13566442  (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 create}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid14549075  serious bodily injury to T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8417517 ; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13566442  (4)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12868949  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 possess and use a knife on the day of the incident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid619377  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 20-21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8417517 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586  must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8417517  now}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586  conduct a review of the entire record from the first trial and determine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4092955 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586  in acquitting Katzuta of the charges of Attempted Murder (as a First Degree Felony) and Special Allegation (related to Attempted Murder)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4092955  by a general verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9899086  whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586 
 the jury found that Katzuta did not injure, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 cause bodily injury, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586 create serious bodily injury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586 to T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586  or that he did not possess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid7299586  use a knife the day of the criminal episode.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11820798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid875038 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid8941375 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid8077174 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 Collateral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6953067 
estoppel as applied to the attempted murder acquittal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid16074125 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Part one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 San Nicolas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 test requires Katzuta to prove that the issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1277102 
he seeks to foreclose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  were considered in the first trial, were sufficiently similar, and sufficiently material in both trials.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7143652   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7143652 See Angoco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7143652 , 2004 Guam 11 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   To }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3884892 sustain a guilty verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10494992  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10494992 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Attempted Murder, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9124096 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15755050 prosecution must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7945643 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15755050 prove}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7945643 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 that Katzuta \'93intentionally attempted to cause the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid10093709 death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \'94 of T.R. on or about January 1, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6953067 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid795887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15147743 A, tab 60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15147743 3L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  (Jury Instructions, Oct. 22, 2014) (emphasis added).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12343922 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
The issues which Katzuta wishes to foreclose were considered in the first trial.  However, what is readily apparent and highly distinguishable from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid16204927 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid16204927 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  that Katzuta raises issues that are not sufficiently similar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  and he raises issues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16388600 with respect to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  elements of the deadlocked charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16388600 
 rather than issues related to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid23551  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 the acquitted charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid15232862 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15931278 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\super\insrsid15232862 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232862  The issues are elements of the deadlocked charges, Aggravated Assault (as a Second Degree Felony) (\'93serious bodily injury\'94); Aggravated Assault (as a Third Degr
ee Felony) (\'93bodily injury\'94); and the LIO of Assault (as a Misdemeanor) (\'93bodily injury\'94).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15232862 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7998672 
RA, tab 60 at 3N, 3P, 3R (Jury Instructions, Oct. 22, 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15232862 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886857 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14295825  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 acquitting Katzuta of Attempted Murder (as a First Degree Felony), the jury must have found that Katzuta did not \'93attempt to cause the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 
death}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9969823 \'94 of T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  or that Katzuta did not commit such an act \'93intentional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741121 ly.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14311302   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9306318 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9306318 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 13.60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9306318 
 16.20(a)(1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15361791  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9306318  (Attempted Murder (As a First Degree Felony) statutes)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070935 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10839762 RA, tab 8 at 1 (Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12869142 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12869142\charrsid12869142  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12869142\charrsid4736687 Jan. 14, 2014}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10839762 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617 Under the logic from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7154617 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2173745  the requirement from the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617 prong of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7154617 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617  test, the issues which Katzuta wis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11884798 hes to foreclose (bodily injury/s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617 
erious bodily injury) were not critical issues in all charges against him and were not essential elements of the acquitted charge.  Katzuta fails to meet his burden under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7154617 San Nicolas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7154617 test as applied to the Attempted Murder acquittal.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1080419 Thus, as it is related to the Attempted Murder acquittal, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 here is no error }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067 to satisfy the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid545850 prong of the plain error inquiry. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-346\li1786\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1786\itap0\pararsid6953067 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid2883642 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2247570\charrsid8077174 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10750337  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 Collateral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6953067 
estoppel as applied to the special allegation (possession and use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony) acquittal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid14769701 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10245160 The jury in the first trial reached a unanimous general verdict finding Katzuta not guilty of both the Attempted Murder and Special Allegation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7558150   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid11947924 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7558150\charrsid4736687  at 5 (Status H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15747273 r\rquote g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7558150\charrsid4736687 , Nov. 5, 2014).  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13133351 To sustain a guilty verdict for t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 he Special Allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11407459 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8741702 it}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11407459  must be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067  proven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11407459  that Katzuta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  \'93
did knowingly and unlawfully possess and use a deadly weapon, that is, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 a knife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \'94 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5655732 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  this \'93in the commission of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Attempted Murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \'94 on or about January 1, 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6953067 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11211842  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15872323 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7033263 
RA, tab 60 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3024981 3M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7033263  (Jury Instructions, Oct. 22, 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15872323 ; RA, tab 8 at 2 (Indictment); 9 GCA \'a7 80.37}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15361791  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .  It is reasonable to conclude that because the jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13788795 acquitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Katzuta 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13788795 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13788795  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Attempted Murder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13788795  charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4343318 , the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  must have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6123343 acquitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Katzuta}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6123343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6123343 related }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Special Allegation.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570\charrsid6950175 However, such a conclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 should }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1079099 not foreclose our}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid6950175 
 analysis under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570\charrsid6950175 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid6950175  test when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Katzuta\rquote s c
onstitutional rights are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12346998 potentially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
affected.  If it is found that collateral estoppel applies to the issue of whether Katzuta possessed and used a weapon at the time of the criminal act, this would have barred re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6836281 trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1795160 additional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Special Allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2316506 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid13724999\charrsid11884798 i. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6192824\charrsid11884798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13724999\charrsid11884798 San}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2247570\charrsid11884798  Nicolas}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid11884798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11884798\charrsid11884798 first prong \endash  issues sufficiently similar and material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2247570\charrsid11884798 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Katzuta contends the issue that he allegedly use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11884798 d and possessed a deadly weapon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 /knife the day of the incident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2452683  was foreclosed from reprosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2452683  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 20.  He i
s correct in his claim that this issue was an essential element to the remaining Special Allegations and Aggravated Assault (as a Third Degree Felony) charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12346998  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13594704  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13594704 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2247570 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9398742 A, tab 116}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6972500 3K-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9398742 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  (Jury Instructions, Feb. 17, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11884798 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4747235  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11884798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11884798 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4747235 ee also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4747235  RA, tab 8 at 2 (Indictment); 9 GCA \'a7 80.37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15209512 Both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  Special Allegations and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16264259 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
Aggravated Assault (as a Third Degree Felony) charge required }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5854020 the prosecution prove }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 that Katzuta possessed and used a knife.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7293586  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570   As such, under the first prong of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 
San Nicolas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 test (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid2112445 issues are sufficiently similar and sufficiently material in both actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\'94), Katzuta has met his burden to demonstrate the issues are sufficiently similar and material in both actions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 ii}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13724999 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11884798  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13724999\charrsid11884798 San}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2247570  Nicolas }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11884798 second prong \endash  issue previously litigated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid11804253 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Under the second prong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11172493  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11172493\charrsid10636026 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11172493  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10628496 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  must conduct an examination of the record to resolve whether the People adequately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7479186 litigated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570\charrsid15469026 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  issue of possession and use of a deadly weapon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11884798 /}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 knife the day of the alleged crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7479186  in the first trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10636026   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10636026 See San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10636026 , 1999 Guam 19 \'b6 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12191665  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7092633 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8666125 The People called several witnesses, most of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8851702 whom}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8666125  offered testimony to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8851702  establish that a deadly weapon/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8666125 knife was used.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570 First to testify for the People was Officer Arthur B. Diola, Jr., who was called to the scene and who assessed the extent of T.R.\rquote s injuries and appearance of the premises.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid993250  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11947924 r.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
 at 29-45 (Jury Trial, Oct. 17, 2014).  Officer Diola testified that he found T.R. in the grassy area of the duplex and that T.R. had sustained what \'93looked to be a cut\'94 on both his forehead and chest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508127 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 32-33.  He also indicated that he assessed the demeanor of and spoke with Sam Kosam, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10377026 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 eye-witness to the crime, and conducted a suspect check through other duplexes that were in close proximity to the scene. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 46-47, 59.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 The People then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508127  called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  Officer Eric Asanoma who was also dispatched to the scene, which was reported as a stabbing incident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6508127  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11947924  Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10959801 7, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 9 (Jury Trial, Oct. 20, 2014).  He was not able to obtain a proper look at T.R.\rquote s wounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1067144  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  a
t 11-12.  Officer Asanoma also conducted a suspect check and inspected the surrounding area for weapons/sharp objects, but could not recall whether he found any.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1067144  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 16-20. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Next to testify for the People was Firefighter James Invencion, who was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8399108 assigned}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  to the ambulance unit that arrived at the scene and transported T.R. to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4477310 GMH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9439521  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 23, 29.  Firefighter Invencion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3352214 testified that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  the nature of the call was a stabbing and T.R. sustained a laceration to his chest and avulsion to his head. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7145937  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14496775  at 27.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570    
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
Also testifying was Aimy Francis, who lives next door to where the incident occurred and was called to help T.R. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15092937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12414380  at 51-56.  She testified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  that she was called to assist T.R. because he was the individual that \'93got chopped.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16254928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10959801 57-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 58.  
Francis was the individual who placed a shirt on the wounds to suppress the bleeding. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15877385  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 58.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
The People then called Rosenin Kosam, who lives with Francis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9989597  and wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 s friends with T.R.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12875449  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10959801 64, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 
68-69.  She testified that she called the police \'93because that\rquote s when T.R. was chopped by the machete.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12875449  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2247570  at 73.  Although, Rosenin did not see the machete, she stated that T.R. sustained a \'93big cut\'94 and that \'93it was pretty obvious it was a machete because [T.R.\rquote s injury] was a big cut.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12978973  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  at 73, 83.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 The victim, T.R. Reuney, also testified for the People. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4066727  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 91.  T.R. testified that he was \'93hit by some sort of sharp object\'94 in the head and chest. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13048383  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 99-100.  On cross-examination, defense counsel attempted to discredit T.R. because he was
 intoxicated the night of the incident, but T.R. testified that he sustained no other injury that would lead him to believe that his injuries came as a result of punching or kicking. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15818748  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 119.  Defense counsel also asked T.R. whether K}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 atzuta slashed him with a knife/}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 sharp object, to which T.R. replied in the affirmative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4477310  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 120. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 John Fegurgur,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8725520  a medical doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  who initially treated T.R.\rquote s stab wound in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4477310 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 GMH emergency room, testified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11564952 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
to the severity of T.R.\rquote s injuries. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8065334  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 133-35.  Doctor Fegurgur testified that T.R. sustained a large laceration, his ribs were cut}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  and his head and lungs were both lacerated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7281925  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
140, 150.  In clarifying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8808331 what}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  type of wounds T.R. received, Doctor Fegurgur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8808331  testified}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  that it was \'93a stab wound, I mean basically pretty common it\rquote s a jab with a knife . . . it didn\rquote t seem like a stab wound more so than like a cut.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8808331  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 151.    

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Armando Aquila was the next individual to testify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6383638  for the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid6383638  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 at 158.  His sister is in a relationship with Katzuta. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3361007  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
at 161.  Aquila stated he gave Katzuta a ride to a local store in Dededo, and that he observed Katzuta\rquote s demeanor and asked him if he did something wrong.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid993696  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 166.  Katzuta informed Aquila that \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10959801 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10959801 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 e chopped someone.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6628025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10959801 66}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14496775 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10377026  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10377026\charrsid14496775 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Officer Keane Pangelinan was next to testify.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11077058  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10377026 at 206.  He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 conducted a follow-up investigation on the matter, verified T.R.\rquote 
s conditions, and was the arresting officer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid340982   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 208}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15863462 , 216}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6253330\charrsid2247570 Officer Pangelinan testified that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 after advising Katzuta of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8346242 Miranda }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 rights and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6253330 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 hile transporting Katzuta to the police department, Katzuta spo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 ntaneously stated the following: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 \'93
Y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 ou weren\rquote t there when I stab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 bed the guy in Yigo.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 \'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16543063  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 216-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8346242 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Lastly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 , the People called eye-witness Sam Kosam,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  who was one of the in
dividuals drinking with T.R. and Katzuta. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10908135  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11947924 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 7, 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15235390 , 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  (Jury Trial, Oct. 21, 2014).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13180918 Kosam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  witnessed Katzuta and T.R. engage in a verbal altercation and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid283269 witnessed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 Katzuta disappear from the place where they were drinking, to return moments later with a knife.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7556498  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 15-17.  Sam testified that T.R. was \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7094631 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7094631 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 hopped by a butcher knife\'94 and described the type of knife.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7556498  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 at 18-19.  He also stated that Katzuta took the knife with him when he left the scene. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7556498  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  at 21.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12856129 the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  presented }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10439112 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  the first trial, it is evident that the People fully presented their case on the i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 ssue of whether a deadly weapon/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 knife was used and in possession at the time of the criminal act.  Therefore, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124 requirements under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 second }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124\charrsid2247570 prong }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124\charrsid2247570  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid5382124\charrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124\charrsid2247570  test are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5382124  satisfied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 . 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2247570 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570 iii}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13724999 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8851702  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13724999\charrsid8851702 San}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid2247570  Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8851702 third prong \endash  issue previously determined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2247570\charrsid9590911 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3232616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 Under the third prong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724999  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13724999 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1269225  inquiry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6892256 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  must examine the first trial\rquote s record to determine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16332900 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570  the issue was not only decided in the first case, but was decided in Katzuta\rquote s favor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13724999  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 See San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 1999 Guam 19 \'b6 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4618592  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2247570 Hernandez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2247570 , 572 F.2d at 218, 221}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid5654733 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid5654733  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid5654733  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2383897 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [51}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9983911  on remand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16198185 the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 Fifth Circuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  explained that based on the acquittal o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15942906 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  the fraud charges, the jury must have decided that the defendant did not know insider information,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9911663  which was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  an essential element to convict th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3547565 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3547565 of}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15620226  the fraud charges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13130768 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  retrial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid726089  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 334 F. App\rquote 
x. at 708-09.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7232515 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  determined that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4077413  the issue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid4077413 mens rea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4077413 
, the issue which the defendant sought to foreclose, was decided when the jury acquitted him of certain criminal homicide charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4612526  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 1999 Guam 19 \'b6\'b6 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4077413 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 54.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4077413   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11030066 Therefore, the issue foreclosed a retrial on those charges.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11030066\charrsid7409137 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7409137  \'b6 53.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11030066   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid11030066 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 [5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3232616 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3232616 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8593328 
B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 ased on the record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8593328  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3480983 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8593328 n appeal}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , it is apparent that the People presented over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702 whelming evidence that a knife/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 deadly weapon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15472907 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 an essential element of the Special Allegations.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8153604 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 he issue}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6232957 , however,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  was not decided in Katzuta\rquote s favor.  Because the record }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15402606 
clearly establishes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15883935  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8851702  a knife/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 deadly weapon w
as in possession and used at the time of the criminal act, the jury must have acquitted Katzuta for an alternative reason.  This alternative reason is one this court need not determine, as courts should refrain from speculating what transpires in the jury
 room because it is the jury\rquote s sovereign space.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14174998   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid14174998 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Yeager}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , 557 U.S. at 122 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 United States v. Powell}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 , 469 U.S. 57, 66 (1984)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5067667 ; Fed. Rule Evid. 606(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid5966073 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [53}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Katzuta fails to meet his burden to prove that the issue o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 f possession and use of a knife/}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 deadly weapon should be barred from retrial because the issue was not decided in his favor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6300116  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid15281464 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6300116  the first trial.  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 t is apparent that a knife/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 deadly weapon }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  used at the time of the criminal episode rather than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 was not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  used, and the jury\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15803610 general verdict}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  of acquittal must have been for an alternative reason.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6898347 W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4347175 e do not find}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid6713244  an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  erro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11943519 r }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6514459 necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid11943519 to satisfy the first element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3875430  of the plain error test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid670581 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf17\insrsid2247570\charrsid5654733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [54}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 Thus, Katzuta\rquote 
s convictions will not be reversed on the claim that the trial court committed plain error by failing to dismiss the case on the grounds of collateral estoppel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid670581 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9531655 The trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570  court did not err }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9531655 because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 
 collateral estoppel would not have barred retrial of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9531655 the charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2247570\charrsid2247570 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13442051\charrsid16083358 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13442051 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13442051 B.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13442051 Sua }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\insrsid13442051\charrsid8078827 Sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13442051  Reducing Jury Size
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1467073 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16734615 We will no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7500110 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16734615  address }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Katzuta}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16734615 \rquote s alternative argument, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 that the trial court abused its discretion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14553495 because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133  it faile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3896627 d to follow the law of the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15294552 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3896627  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
failed to follow the requirements of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1059290 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12266121  which governs jury size.  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 14-16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15281464\charrsid1467073 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133 1.  Standard of Review \endash  Whether Katzuta Objected to the Trial Court\rquote 
s Action
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [56}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Katzuta contends that the plain error standard of review does not apply to this issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1705592  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4618592 Appellant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Reply Br. at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7108105  (Dec. 23, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 .  Katzuta believes he made a proper objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  therefore, an abuse of discretion standard of review applies. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9782905  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14843118 Appellant\rquote s Br.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
 at 14.  The People urge this court to apply the heightened plain error standard of review due to Katzuta\rquote s failure to make a proper objection. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9638363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 4.  The People claim that Katzuta merely expressed his support for the prosecution\rquote s pre-trial motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3107508  t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 o empanel a twelve-person jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3107508  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid1801932 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
 at 5.  Additionally, the People contend that \'93[h]e plainly failed to put the trial court on notice that he would challenge the court\rquote s statutory construction of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15, or that he would challenge the court\rquote 
s departure from the law of the case established at the first trial.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3408180  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid5596895 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5596895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [57}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
The trial court made the decision to reduce the jury panel size from twelve to six members based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9006324 the language of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid667163 8 GCA \'a7 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid667163  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7674353 RA, tab 98 at 1 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10908940 M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10908940\charrsid2188188 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10908940 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10908940\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 2-10-15 (Jury Selectio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7674353 n & Trial, Selection Day 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 ).  Immediately after the trial court made this decision, defense counsel made a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11035581 n oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
 request on record for a jury of twelve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6825213  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188   Thereafter, the prosecution made a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2122813 n oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  motion to require a jury of twelve.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2122813  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 at 2.  The trial court asked defense counsel if they would like to respond, to which defense counsel stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  \'93Your Honor, obviously we support that.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1015780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11947924 Tr. at 5 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 , Feb. 10, 2015).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3946890\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [58}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12996598 A party must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16125065 make an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12996598 object}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16125065 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12996598  to the trial court t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 o preserve a claim of error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5968419 , and so that claim of error is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4989484 addressed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid5310608 on a standard of review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12996598  other than plain error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5310608  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 8 GCA \'a7 130.50}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8535418  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  (\'93Plain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court.\'94).  \'93
[I]t is sufficient that a party at the time the ruling or order of the court is made or sought, makes known to the court the action which he desires the court to take or his objection to the action of the court and grounds therefor . . . .\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8336025  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8535418 8 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  \'a7 130.55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8535418  (2005)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 .  \'93A party }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8477285 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
must object with that reasonable degree of specificity which would have adequately apprised the trial court of the true basis for his objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8477285 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7301343  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 United States v. Bostic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
, 371 F.3d 865, 871 (6th Cir. 2004) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15868715 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid15868715 United States v. LeBlanc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15868715 
, 612 F.2d 1012, 1014 (6th Cir. 1980)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  (counsel made a statement indicating only that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10685968 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 wished to speak,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10685968 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
 but did not inform the court or the opposition of his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10685968 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10685968 \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  regarding a motion and the reviewing court applied a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464  plain error standard of review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8535418 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 .  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [59}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
Here, it appears on the record that Katzuta did make a sufficient objection to the trial court\rquote s decision to empanel six rather than twelve jury members.  He made it known to the tr
ial court what action he desired the trial court to take, to empanel twelve jurors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid15808001\charrsid2188188 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid15808001\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001 RA, tab 98 at 1 (M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001\charrsid2188188 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001\charrsid2188188  2-10-15 (Jury Selectio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001 n & Trial, Selection Day 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15808001\charrsid2188188 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid15808001 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Although Katzuta did not specifically cite to 8 GCA \'a7 85.15, he did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9644375 orally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 request for a twelve-person jury for the retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6581646 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  which was more than likely pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7
 85.15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16210553\charrsid2188188 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553\charrsid2188188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553 
RA, tab 98 at 1 (M}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553\charrsid2188188 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553\charrsid2188188  2-10-15 (Jury Selectio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553 n & Trial, Selection Day 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553\charrsid2188188 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210553 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8420320 We find that t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 his request satisfies a sufficient objection because making a request for twelve jurors after the trial court reads 8 GCA \'a7
 85.15, should have given the trial court a reasonable degree of specificity for the basis of Katzuta\rquote s objection.  More so, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4878177 in response to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 People\rquote s motion for a twelve-person jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4878177 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4878177\charrsid2188188 Katzuta made his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid4878177  position}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  known to the trial court because he informed the court that he supported the motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14371501 
 to empanel a jury of twelve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15731264  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid11947924 r. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 at 5 (Jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15483434 Tria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15410071 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 , Feb. 10, 2015).  Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3758237  he did not specifically say}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  \'93I object\'94
 in his request for a twelve-person jury immediately after the trial court reduced the jury panel size}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1526423 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 he supported the People\rquote 
s motion to empanel a twelve-person jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1526423  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1526423  additional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  actions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1526423 were sufficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1271372  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 
 satisfy the requirements of making a proper objection.  Therefore, Katzuta properly preserved the claimed error for appellate review under a standard other than plain error.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2188188 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [60}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 Because, Katzuta objected to the trial court\rquote s decision to empanel a jury of six rather than twelve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid12911967  members}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188 , an abuse of discretion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16712340  standard of review applies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2188188\charrsid2188188  to Katzuta\rquote s raised issue of the doctrine of the law of the case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid15682223 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133 2.  Whether Katzuta Invoked His Statutory Right, Pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7
 85.15, to be Tried by a Twelve-Person Jury
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7733 a. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15281464  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7733 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133  GCA \'a7 85.15 \endash  Six Member Juries; When Twelve May be Requested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid525133\charrsid10256309 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [61}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Jury size determination is predicated by statute.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid737056 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid737056\charrsid2188188 8 GCA 
\'a7 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15281464  (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid737056 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13524277 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 he issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9205817 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 jury size }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9205817 determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 requires statutory interpretation, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8152423 we review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  under a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  standard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13524277  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Joshua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
, 2015 Guam 32 \'b6 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11169663  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11169663 Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11169663 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6 9)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 ; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 see also Sumitomo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11169663  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .  \'93
It is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2695160 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
cardinal rule of statutory construction that courts must look first to the language of the statute itself.  Absent clear legislative intent to the contrary, the plain meaning prevails}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11948218 .\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11948218 People v. Camacho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11948218 , 2015 Guam 37 \'b6 31 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11948218 Enriquez v. Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11948218 
, 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 11).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1515833 \'93[I]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 n determining legislative intent, a statute should be read as a whole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid737056  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid737056  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid737056\delrsid737056  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Accordingly, \lquote 
[i]n expounding a statute, we must not be guided by a single sentence or member of a sentence, but look to the provisions of the whole law, and to its object and policy.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14959136  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid737056 Sumitomo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid737056 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17 (second alteration in original) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid737056 
Kelly v. Robinson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3948553 , 479 U.S. 36, 43 (1986)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid4210533 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [62}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15281464 Title 8 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7152700  85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  governs jury size.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9338080   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid9338080 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid9338080 8 GCA \'a7 85.15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   The interpretation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15 presents an issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  of first impression for this court.  Pursuant to this section, a defendant may invoke }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 statutory right to be tried by a twelve-person jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8988347   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8988347 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10752148  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Section 85.15 states in its entirety: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Juries shall be of six.  However, in a prosecution by }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  or information, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
the defendant shall be entitled to a jury of twelve upon his written request filed with the court prior to the date of trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 .  In any case where a jury of twelve is demanded, 
at any time before verdict the parties may stipulate in writing with the approval of the court that the jury shall consist of any number less than twelve but not less than six. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1246189 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7956718 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 (emphasis added).  Given its plain meaning, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15 grants a defend
ant a statutory right to a twelve-person jury, but only upon his written }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7174746 demand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 that is filed prior to the start of trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7612357  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid11172352 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   Otherwise, the default jury size is six persons. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7612357  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3088003 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid1246189 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1246189 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [63}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15274212 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 he United States Supreme Court held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Williams v. Florida}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  that a six-person jury satisfies a defendant\rquote 
s Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial and that states are free to dictate the precise number that may constitute a jury, provid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2699036 ed that it is not less than six.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2699036  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 399 U.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2699036 78,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  100-03}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid134195 .  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 llowing a defendant to be tried by a six-person jury will not violate a defendant\rquote 
s constitutional rights and will not have negative implications on the court\rquote s, or jurors\rquote , or parties\rquote  resources and time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13326570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid3044112 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4477790  at 100.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid15496544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14103401 b. Whether}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133  Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid7152700 invoked his statutory right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133\charrsid1378839 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [64}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 The parties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14294056 have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
 conflicting opinions on whether Katzuta filed a written request demanding a twelve-person jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7568059 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3480983 
 retrial.  Katzuta claims that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 the record contained evidence that he had made a written request for a jury of twelve and that this request was \'93
memorialized immediately afterwards in the minutes prepared by [the] clerk.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15998104  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Reply Br.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 at 5; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 15.  He urges this court to recognize a liberal interpretation of the term \'93
written request\'94 because it \'93promotes fairness.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15353156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Reply Br. at 4
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16065594  (citing 8 GCA \'a7 1.07(b))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 .  He claims that \'93it was unfair to acknowledge [Katzuta\rquote 
s] request for a jury of twelve in the first trial and then deny that request in the second trial.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16070041  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   Katzuta also claims that by \'93[r]ecognizing that a Defendant has made a written assertion of a right when immediately memorialized simplifies procedure because it puts the court on notice of the Defendant
\rquote s assertion, and it avoids duplicity.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16337211  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16337211 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [65}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid13205314 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133  People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9919076 assert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  that Katzuta did not file a written request for a twelve-person jury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8276062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133\charrsid6644866 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid6644866 Appellee\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  Br. at 8.  \'93
[T]he parties and the court all assumed that Katzuta had filed a written request, and simply overlooked the absence of such a written request. . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7152700  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
Therefore, all Katzuta can show is that the trial court implicitly found as a matter of fact that Katzuta had filed a written request.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8276062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133   The People claim that a liberal interpretation of the term \'93written request\'94 would undermine the purpose of the statute which is an interest in economy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8276062  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  at 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Katzuta was originally prosecuted by a superseding indictment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10378983  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10378983 A, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13205314 tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10378983 36}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid10378983 -3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  (Superseding Indictment); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 see People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16210110 
San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16210110 2016 Guam 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  \'b6 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16210110 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7289797  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9194568 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid9194568 People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9194568 
, 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7289797 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  (\'93A superseding indictment is an indictment filed before the original or underlying indictment i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8145549 s dismissed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
).  As such, Katzuta should be entitled to a twelve-person jury if he filed a written request before the start of the first trial or retrial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4654760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  8 GCA \'a7 85.15.  A request for a jury of twelve was recorded on the minute entry of his arraignment on January 22, 2014.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8213703  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8213703 A, tab 13 at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14885357\charrsid525133 Min}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14885357 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14885357\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 1-22-14 (Arraignment Hr\rquote }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 g)).  This }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3700128 minute entry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  was also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid3700128 filed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  before the start of the retrial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14363760  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7869166 
we find and now conclude that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 such a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5078525 request is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  
not sufficient to satisfy the requirements of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 [6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 The language from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15 states \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  written request.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3374201  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  8 GCA \'a7 85.15 (emphasis added).  Based on statutory interpretation rules, the plain meaning of \'93written request\'94 should prevail because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid7152700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15 lacks clear legislative intent of what constitutes a defendant\rquote s \'93written request.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9916032  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid6958330 Camacho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6958330 
, 2015 Guam 37 \'b6 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16582928  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6958330 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Sumitomo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16582928  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 .  Given a literal interpretation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1048714  85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 , it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7542356 is clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  that it must be the defendant\rquote 
s own and separate written request for a twelve-person jury.  Because a minute entry is completed and filed by the court, this document would not qualify as a defendant\rquote s own written request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9592800 
to invoke his statutory right }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 to be tried by a twelve-person jury.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 68}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Katzuta cites to the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3893962 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
United States v. Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 , to support his argument that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13899756 his oral request for a jury of twelve that was later recorded in the court\rquote s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 minute entry sheet constitutes a written demand for twelve jurors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15347690  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 15.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 , at the midst of trial, the defendant stipulated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6958330  in open court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 to proceed with an eleven-person jury because a juror became ill. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9592833  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 479 F.2d 1134, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13115278 11}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 36 (6th Cir. 1973).  Because his oral stipulation was immediately recorded in the reporter\rquote s shorthand notes, it met the test of \'93stipulate[d] in writing\'94
 as required by Federal Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9915873 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  of Criminal Procedure (\'93FRCP\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9915873  Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  23(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid1981732  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  (alteration in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7294008  original).  The concern in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid7294008 Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  was the application of FRCP 23(b), where the def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14891862 ault number of jurors is twelve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 but provides for less than twelve if stipulated in writing by a defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14891862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14891862\charrsid16713082 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid14891862  see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14891862  FRCP 23(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14884717 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14884717 We find t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Lane }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
case distinguishable from Katzuta\rquote s in several respects.  The default number of empaneled jurors pursuant to FRCP 23(b) is twelve, while the default number in 8 GCA \'a7 85.15 is six.  In this regard, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  court analyzed whether a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 waiver }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 made orally would suffice to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 reduce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
the number of jurors in accordance with FRCP 23(b).  Unlike this instance, where the main concern is whether there was a proper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 invocation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  of a statutory right in order to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 increase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 the default jury size in accordance with 8 GCA \'a7 85.15.  More so, the oral stipulation in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 was made known while in the middle of trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  not at the start of tria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2700394 l.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2700394  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ere, Katzuta was afforded the opportunity from after his arraignment hearing }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13387575 until the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 the retrial commenced to file a written request invoking his statutory right to be tried by a twelve-person jury.  Contrary to what Katzuta proposes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid2752831 Lane }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid2752831 is unpersuasive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13791036  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2752831  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9514783 
we will not use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 the logic from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Lane}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5506597 to conclude that a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  post-arraignment minute entry sheet memorializing an oral request to be tried by a twelve-person jury satisf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8721996 ies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  the written requirement of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [70}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
The People argue that applying a liberal interpretation of what constitutes a \'93written request\'94 does not serve the purpose of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid673042   Appellee\rquote s Br. at 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133   The People\rquote s argument is convincing.  If liberally applying \'93written request\'94 to mean that any written document requesting twelve jurors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 
 satisfies the requirements of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15, then for every felony case, twelve jurors will be empaneled when the default size of six jurors may otherwise be used.  This occurrence }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700\charrsid3700128 would not serve the purpose of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid3700128 ection 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6949799 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3480983 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
 is economic concerns because court resources and time would be used to conduct voir dire for the extra six jurors, extra supplies would be provided in order for the jury to function (extra notebooks, lunch, etc. provided to the
 additional six jurors), and jury per diem for the additional six jurors for each day of trial and deliberations would be paid.  As such, applying the plain meaning of what constit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 utes a \'93
written request\'94 under s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid215115  will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid10888316 best }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7152700 serve the purpose of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6949799 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [71}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
Katzuta cites to the language of 8 GCA \'a7 1.07(a), which governs the general applicability of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2382692 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Criminal Procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2382692  Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4421699  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Reply Br. at 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7485290  (Katzuta erroneously cites to 8 GCA \'a7
 1.07(b), however, the language he quotes is from subsection (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16021252 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 .  According to 8 GCA \'a7 1.07(a), provisions in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2382692 Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  \'93
are intended to provide for the just determination of every criminal proceeding and shall be construed to secure simplicity in procedure, fairness in administration and the elimination of unjustifiable expense and delay.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid12934381  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  8 GCA \'a7 1.07(a).  There is no clear legislative intent that contradicts what constitutes \'93his written request\'94 and therefore, the plain meaning of \'93
his written request\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12934381 will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  be ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid265488 plied, albeit the provision of s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ection 1.07(a). 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [72}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12201036 We find that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133  Katzuta did not file a separate pleading that requested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2979290 a trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4397917  by a twelve-person jury.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid11422700 Because of h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 is failure to file a separate pleading making such a request, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 we conclude that }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 Katzuta did not invoke his statutory right to be tried by a twelve-person jury for the first trial or the retrial.  It was the trial court\rquote s decision to empanel a twelve-person jury for Katzuta
\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7083967  first trial.  Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid7083967  we now address the issue of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 hether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 t }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid531300 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 as an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 buse of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid531300 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 rial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ourt\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid531300 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 iscretion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 epart }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid531300 from the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 revious }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ecision to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 mpanel a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ize of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 welve for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 irst }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 rial, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ubsequently }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 mpanel a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ix-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 erson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid531300 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 ury for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid531300\charrsid531300 etrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16459490 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li1080\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid11172758 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid265488  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14290294 Doctrine of the Law of the Case and Principles Governing Reconsideration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid525133 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid525133\charrsid15033263 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [73}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 The doct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3016813 rine of the law of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7355996 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3016813  as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  applied to a tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12859821 ial court\rquote s decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7872523 on jury size}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7355996 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7872523  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 is also a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15880277 matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
 of first impression for this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid525133 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid991703 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15672704 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid15672704\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 
v. Rios}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 , 2011 Guam 6 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12411900\charrsid7871712 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12411900 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12411900\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 (legal conclusions reached in the trial court\rquote s decision and
 order, based on its application of the law of the case doctrine, were not clearly erroneous and the trial court did not err in its application of the law of the case doctrine in dismissing charges against defendants); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 People v. Tenne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12411900 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 sen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 , 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 41
 (doctrine of the law of the case was not used to reconsider a denial of a defendant\rquote s renewed motion to disqualify entire office of the attorney general); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 People v. Orallo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 , 2006 Guam 8 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12411900\charrsid7871712 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12411900 5-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 6 (doctrine of the law of the case as applied to a court\rquote s holding on what constitutes relevant evidence at trial); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6 42 (doctrine was used to reconsider a trial court\rquote 
s order to dismiss a case without prejudice because new evidence was presented and there w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15880277 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712  changed circumstances); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 People v. Hualde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 , 1999 Guam 3 \'b6 13 (doctrine was used to reconsider a trial court\rquote 
s denial of a motion to suppress evidence pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7 130.20(a)(6)). }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133   \'93Under the \lquote law of the case\rquote 
 doctrine, a court is generally precluded from reconsidering an issue that has already been decided by the same court . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15038627  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16254874 People v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Orallo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16713082 , 2006 Guam 8 \'b6 5 (citations omitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12131483 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3211793 ourt\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4654269 decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10907586 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4654269  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914760 upon a rule of law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10907586 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 should continue to govern the same issues in subsequent stages in the same case.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12125706  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Christianson v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 486 U.S. 800, 816-17 (1988)).  Rulings made in a proceeding are considered the law of the case and a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3503611 re binding in later proceedings.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3503611 See Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3503611 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6\'b6 30, 37.  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  trial court\rquote s failure to apply the doctrine of the law of the case absent o
ne of the limited circumstances constitutes an abuse of discretion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4281839  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4281839 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2059584 id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133 \'b6\'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2059584 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2059584 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11609650 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid152888 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
It is clear, however, that courts accepting the applicability of the doctrine in reconsidering orders made by the same judge have harmonized the law of the case doctrine with the general }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12155919 
rule regarding reconsideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5382895  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  Thus, whether or not proceeding under [the] law of the case doctrine, a judge is nonetheless constrained by princip}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid408183 les governing reconsideration.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Whether or not the issue is precisely one of departing from the law of the case, the underlying inquiry nonetheless focuses on whether the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid2320644 trial court was acting appropriately in reconsidering the prior decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13591470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7825010 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid152888\charrsid152888 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609650 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12597953 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12597953 39-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9793393  (footnote omitted)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .  When reviewing whether it was an abuse of a trial court\rquote s dis
cretion to depart from the law of the case, a review of both the doctrine of the law of the case and principles governing reconsideration is required.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13193920   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13193920 
See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid11149121 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [74}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 As }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8806567 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 expressed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Gutierrez}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , a court may depart from the law of the case in limited circumstances, including where: \'93
1) the first decision was clearly erroneous; 2) an intervening change in the law has occurred; 3) the evidence on remand is substantially different; 4) other changed circumstances exist; or 5) a manifest injustice would otherwise result.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13591470  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2752949 \'b6 40 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7418046 (quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Hualde}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 1999 Guam 3 \'b6 13)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid74828 
 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid74828 Lujan v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid74828 , 2002 Guam 11 \'b6 7)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .  Also in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid525133\charrsid1778464 Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13591470 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  discussed factors which justify a trial court\rquote 
s reconsideration of a previous decision. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12592984  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8806567 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  \'b6 41.  The factors justifying a court\rquote s r
econsideration of a previous decision include }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12329351 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
where the trial court: (1) is presented with new evidence; (2) committed clear error or the decision was manifestly unjust; or (3) if there is an intervening change in controlling law.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12329351  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12329351 quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid11361781  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid525133\charrsid11361781 Quitugua v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133  Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 2004 Guam 19 \'b6 38).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1530917 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133 nly one circumstance or factor must be present in order to justify a departure from the law of the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13113474  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16060299 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [75}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid8026449 To illustrate, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133\charrsid8026449 Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid8026449 , the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  revisited its previous decision that dismissed the case wit
hout prejudice and changed its ruling so that the case was dismissed with prejudice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631937  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  \'b6
 42.  On appellate review, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14631937 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 applied both the doctrine of the law of the case factors and the factors that justify reconsideration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2905633 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  trial court\rquote s subsequent order dismissing the case with prejudice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14754697  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14754697 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
 concluded that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in revisiting its previous decision because the trial court found the People acted in bad faith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157816 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid14157816 Id.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157816 The factors, new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  evidence and changed circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14157816 , were therefore satisfied to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  justify the trial court\rquote s later decision to dismiss the case with prejudice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8785689  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [76}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
Katzuta argues that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to follow the law of the case regarding another judge\rquote s find
ing from an arraignment hearing that Katzuta demanded a jury of twelve, and failed to empanel a twelve-person jury for his retrial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11410570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Appellant\rquote 
s Br. at 14-16.  The People counter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331831 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  arguing that \'93[t]he trial court\rquote s determination that its previous finding wa
s clearly erroneous is not itself clearly erroneous\'94 to warrant reversal of Katzuta\rquote s convictions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11410570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 8.  The People }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10827061 contend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  that the trial court found its previous decision, to empanel twelve jurors, to be clearly er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid80070 roneous}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  and the exception to the doctrine of the law of the case applies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14772671   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14772671 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid525133\charrsid14772671 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [77}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Here, invocation of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4422676 twelve-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10950685 member }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 jury is predicated by statute, not by a judge\rquote s determination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9448583   }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9448583 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9448583 8 GCA \'a7 85.15.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6241530 We find that the record does not prove that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
Katzuta }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3352610 made a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 written request invoking such a right.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12082165   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
As such, the arraigning judge\rquote s finding (that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid265488 demanded a jury size of twelve)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  was not \'93the law of the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid265488 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 \'94 and a court would be free to depart from this previous finding.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid274028 See generally Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid274028 
, 2005 Guam 19.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 More so, if the arraigning judge\rquote s finding did become \'93the law of the case,\'94 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5532366 that finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133 was \'93clearly erroneous\'94 because Katz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid265488 uta did not demand for a twelve-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 person jury since he did not file a separate pleading making such a demand
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10950685 , and therefore did not meet the requirements of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10950685  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Rios}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 2011 Guam 6 \'b6 33 (\'93
The law of the case will be disregarded only when the court has \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4422676 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 clear conviction of error\rquote  with resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid265488 ect to a point of law . . . .\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  (alteration in original) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 Fogel v. Chestnutt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 , 66
8 F.2d 100, 109 (2d. Cir. 1981)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid265488 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid525133 see also Alexander}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
, 106 F.3d at 877 (\'93[I]n reviewing a [trial] court\rquote s factual finding for clear error, [the reviewing court] must not reverse as long as the findings are plausible in light of the record viewed in its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225 entirety . . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882724 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [78}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 Alexander}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 , the Ninth Circuit also analyzed a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11019354 district}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  court\rquote s decision to depart from the law of the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  106 F.3d at 876.  The prosecution argued}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5979253  in part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  a trial court
\rquote s reconsideration of a motion to suppress evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 was justified because the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  \'93clear error\'94
 exception to the law of the case doctrine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225  applied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 at 877.  The reviewing court analyzed the first exception of the doctrine, and stated that a reviewing court should not reverse a district court\rquote 
s finding for clear error, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10224145 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 as long as the findings are plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10224145 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  at 877.  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13329345 Ninth Circuit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 found that the trial judge\rquote s finding was plausible in light of the evidence
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2898608  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 held that the exception did not apply because the trial court\rquote s finding was not clearly erroneous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8077762 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 the trial court abused its discretion in departing from the law of the case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  at 878.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [79}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 The facts from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 Alexander }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 are distinguishable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid225989 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 
 this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2519827 .  The trial court\rquote s finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11863992  in the first trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2519827  t
hat Katzuta invoked his statutory right to be tried by a twelve-person jury was not plausible in light of the filings in the record, because as previously stressed upon, Katzuta did not file a separate written request.  Therefore, the trial court\rquote }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10687948 s finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11863992  in the first trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10687948  wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2519827 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 clearly erroneous.  Because th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10687948 is finding wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 s not plausible, the trial court\rquote s departure from t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16588994 he law of the case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11863992 in the retrial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16588994 was justified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712 
 based on the first exception }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3344481 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  the doctrine,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8405861  which is that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  \'93first decision was clearly erroneous.\'94  Because the \'93clear error\'94 exception to the law of the case doctrine applies, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10957225 we will}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10957225\charrsid7871712  not reverse the trial court\rquote s application of the doctrine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730437   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6907536 Contra Alexander}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6907536 , 106 F.3d at 87}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13382595 6-78.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10957225\charrsid6907536 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [80}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 Therefore, the first exception to the law of the case
 doctrine is applicable in this instance and the trial court was permitted to depart from the first decision to empanel twelve jurors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\super\insrsid525133 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s23\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4812078 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs25\super\insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5455256\charrsid7871712  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4812078 
Because we find that the first exception to the law of the case doctrine is applicable, we do not need to consider the remaining factors since one circumstance or factor must be present in order to justify a departure from the law of the case. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9966545  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid4812078 See Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4812078 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6 41.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133 
  The trial court properly exercised its discretion in empaneling six jurors for the retrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8402566  because Katzuta did not invoke his statutory right for a jury size of twelve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15473576 .  H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8402566 is retrial by a six-person jury was not in violation of 8 GCA \'a7 85.15.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6237972 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [81}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8198446 The trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133 court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2564193 was justified in departing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  from the law of the case because the doctrine\rquote s exception applies and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid622533 we do not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11285439  have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  a firm and definite conviction that the trial court committed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8198446  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  clear error of judgment in concluding that it was permitted to empanel six jurors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7217252  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13571980 Thus, we affirm Katzuta\rquote s convictions. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133\charrsid525133 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13442051 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13442051 C.  Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [82}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9260170 Lastly, Katzuta claims
 his convictions should be reversed because he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his attorney did not move for a dismissal of the charges based on the collateral estoppel grounds discussed above. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2696590  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9260170 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 24.  The People oppose by using their previous argument that collateral estoppel does not apply in Katzuta\rquote s case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4685722 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9260170  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2172942  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9260170 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid733376 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9260170  Br. at 14.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 Generally, this court employs the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 Strickland }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 two-part test established by the United States Supreme Court, to determine whether a defendant was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 See People v. Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 , 2016 Guam 8 \'b6 28}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8001564  (citing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 Meseral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 , 2014 Guam 13 \'b6 45; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 Strickland v. Washington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 , 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984)}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8001564 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431  Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 
Strickland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431  test, a defendant must prove that: (1) trial counsel\rquote 
s performance was deficient so as to fall below the prevailing professional norms; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the defendant so as to deprive him of a fair trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12522580  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 466 U.S. at 687, 694 (\'93[C]ounsel\rquote s errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial . . . that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\rquote 
s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.\'94); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2385431 see also Damian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 , 2016 Guam 8 \'b6 28;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2385431  Meseral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431 , 2014 Guam 13 \'b6\'b6 45, 46.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2385431\charrsid2506180 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [84}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9260170\charrsid9260170 As indicated above, Katzuta
\rquote s collateral estoppel claim will not warrant a reversal of his convictions.  As such, his trial attorney did not perform inadequately by not raising a motion to dismiss the charges based on collateral estoppel and double jeopardy}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16603234 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13442051 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid525133 Thus, Katzuta\rquote s ineffective assistance of counsel claim on appeal will not warrant reversal of his convictions because it was not necessary for his trial counsel to mo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15081904 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid525133  the court to dismiss his charges on retrial due to collateral estoppel grounds because colla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6110704 teral estopp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14047591 el does not apply.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15536238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14047591 //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14047591\charrsid6110704 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14047591 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf1\insrsid14047591 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid7340588 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid11802957  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid7340588 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid16397037 
ONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid6490711 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8789320 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\insrsid8789320\charrsid8789320 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1927957 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14496775 [86}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1927957 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1927957 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9718567 Based on the foregoing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3026018 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6304854 
find that the collateral estoppel doctrine did not bar retrial on the charges for which the jury was deadlocked in the first trial; that Katzuta did not receive ineffective assistance of counsel; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3289910 
that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6304854 the trial court\rquote s reduction of the jury size for the retrial was not an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4015539   Therefore, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\cf1\insrsid4015539\charrsid4015539 affirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4015539  Katzuta\rquote s convictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8875508\charrsid4015539 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5909400 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5909400 
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