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{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
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{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot14576612\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit\remdttm\utinl \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14576612 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2383970 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14576612 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2383970 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14576612 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2383970 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14576612 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2383970 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11948445\sftnbj {\headerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1663340 
\par }}{\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11948445 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997 People v. Pugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid610324 , 2016 Guam 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 , Opinion          \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15748452 Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15748452  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9316560 23}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15748452  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15748452  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9316560 23}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11948445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11948445 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15748452 
\par }}{\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1663340 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1663340 
\par }}{\headerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid1663340 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s27\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12800434 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12405997 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1033\langnp1036\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 PEOPLE OF GUAM,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 Plaintiff-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 ,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid80375\charrsid5702682 JOSEPH LEE PUGH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 ,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 Defendant-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 .
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.: CRA15-0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 Superior Court Case No.: CF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11216126 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 572-12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10570427 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid12739069 Filed: August 11, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid12739069\charrsid12739069 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid610324 Cite as: 2016 Guam 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10570427\charrsid5702682 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6423234 February 11, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tx8560\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 \tab Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang4105\langfe1033\langnp4105\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10570427 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10570427\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6423234 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 James N. Spivey Jr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234\charrsid9050829 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6423234\charrsid9050829 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234\charrsid9050829 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 Assistant Alternate Public Defender
\par Alternate Public Defender
\par 238 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324053 rchbishop }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15668612 F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324053 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15668612 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324053 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234  Flores St.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2324053 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234  Ste. 902
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234\charrsid6423234 Hag\'e5t\'f1a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 , GU 96910
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin5040 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid6423234 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 Joseph B. McDonald}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234\charrsid9050829 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6423234\charrsid9050829 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6423234 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 Assistant Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234\charrsid10907046 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234 Office of the Attorney General
\par Prosecution Division
\par 590 S. Marine Corps Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9109648 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6423234  Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af37\insrsid10570427\charrsid1182043 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10570427\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14576612 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\insrsid14576612\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx3240\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10422437\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\lang4105\langfe1033\langnp4105\insrsid8670213\charrsid1182043 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\insrsid11948445\charrsid1182043 \page }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14576612\charrsid1182043 BEFORE:  ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\lang4105\langfe1033\langnp4105\insrsid14576612\charrsid15277928 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8087677 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\insrsid11948445\charrsid1182043 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14248571 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6423234\charrsid6423234 CARBULLIDO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6423234 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 J.: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13376827 Defendant-Appellant Joseph Lee Pugh appeals his convictions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5197672 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827 
 illegal possession of a concealed firearm, possession of a firearm without a firearm-identification card, and possession of an unregistered firearm.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9465426 Pugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827 
 argues that the People\rquote s evidence relating to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid87890 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7210261 uncharged and unrelated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13376827 burglary wherein the weapon he possessed was stolen from its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13584695 owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827  was unfairly prejudicial and resulted in the denial of a fair trial.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5197672  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827  Additionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827 
 Pugh asserts a Fifth Amendment violation due to a comment on his silence during questioning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970218 , made by a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974321 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970218 
Police officer testifying at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13376827 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5659997\charrsid1182043 For the reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11947094 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9109648  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 herein, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204 affirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16319201\charrsid1182043 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1258029 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1258029\charrsid1258029 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1258029  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16208563\charrsid1182043 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 {\*\bkmkstart SDU_516}[2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9465426 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  grand jury returned an indictment charging Pugh with one count each of illegal possession of a concealed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 firearm under 10 GCA \'a7
 60121(c),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  possession of a firearm without a firearm-identificatio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 n card under 10 GCA \'a7 60121(e), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
possession of an unregistere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 d firearm under 10 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid610324 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 60121(a),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 reckl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 ess conduct under 9 GCA \'a7 19.40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15869887 (a)(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 as well as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  three counts of child abuse under 9 GCA \'a7 31.30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15869887 (a)(2)(C)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14879270 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5645846 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
Before trial, Pugh filed a memorandum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9109648 indicating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970218 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 he planned to assert necessity as an affirmative defense 
to the weapons charges, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7961913 claiming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  he feared for his safety }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15869887 and the safety of his family, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 following an altercation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9465426  near his residence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .  Additionally, Pugh\rquote 
s Motion in Limine sought to exclude evidence that the gun had been stolen, questionin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14879270 g the relevance to his charges, asserting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 it was overly prejudicial, could confuse the issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9465426 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  and mislead the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5702682   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7413110 Admitting t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970218  evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , Pugh argued}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16010172 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8393950  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 would be a violation of Guam Rules of Evidence (\'93GRE\'94) Rule 403, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638  constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  impermissible evidence of bad character or prior bad acts in violation of GRE 404(a) and (b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7961913  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  The People asserted that establishing that the gun belonged to another person and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8393950 that the gun }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
was stolen was necessary to show ownership by someone other than Pugh, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 thus Pugh could not argue he acquired the gun legally and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  simply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  forgot to register it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid2892741 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid610324 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid2892741 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid2892741  While the transcripts attribute these and the following arguments to Pugh\rquote 
s attorney, it is clear from the content of the statements and context of the proceeding that these arguments belonged to the People.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 The People also argued that evidence of the almost two-month gap between Pugh\rquote 
s altercation and when the gun was stolen was relevant to undermine the affirmative defense of necessity.  The trial court denied the motion to exclude evidence of the burglary, finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 the evidence}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  relevant and not unduly prejudicial in light of the People\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 intended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  arguments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12914559 At trial, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 he People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13778659 first put on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  evidence of the gun\rquote s origin.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15926039 John Travers testified that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892741 July}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019  2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1258029 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15926039 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019  bought }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 a SIG Sauer P266 handgun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892741  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 in Las Vegas, Nevada, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2892741 for his wife, Marthella, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 bringing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019 it to Guam on August 12, 2012. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
Travers reported the gun missing after a burglary of their home on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019 September 18, 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid7697019  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Travers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2364480 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 testified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14944160 about }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10824910 getting in contact with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  the Guam Police, who had recovered the gun in the possession of Pugh, after identifying the serial number. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 He identified photographs of the weapon in co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 urt, matching the serial number with his records}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  On cross}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14944160 -examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12729438 both of the Traverses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 admitted they had no way of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970218 k}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7413110 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 owing how the weapon ended up in Pugh\rquote s hands, or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1642481 if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 he was involved in the burglary of their home. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 The Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14944160 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  also testified that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14507987 
hey were able to obtain firearm-identification cards}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  in ten and thirty days\rquote  time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16010172 Following the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16010172 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  testimony, Pugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid5798332  moved for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid5798332  mistrial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 reasserting that evidence of the gun being stolen was not relevant to prove it was unregistered, and regardless, any relevance was outweighed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 risk of unfair prejudice. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
The trial court denied the motion for the same reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 that it allowed the evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 in the first place, and expressed concern that Pugh had asked questions on cross-examination regarding the very }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9194488 claimed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  was grounds for a mistrial.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 In large part, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6291910 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 court allowed the testimony to disprove an affirmative defense explaining why Pugh was in possession of an unregistered gun. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
Pugh had asserted the defense of necessity, based on an altercation at his home that transpired }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876347 almost three months before the burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5196525  Pugh\rquote s live-in partner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
, Vanessa Aguilo, testified that a group of neighbors attacked Pugh with rocks and a kitchen knife, resulting in his injury.  L.P., Pugh\rquote s minor daughter, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 similarly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846  described this incident. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16329857  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid2033816 Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13778659 Benjamin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid2033816 Palomo of the Guam Police Department testified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8193657 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid2033816 he responded to the fight at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4215267 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid2033816  home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , taking a report of the incident }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Aguilo had described in court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4550243   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Aguilo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4215267 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 testified that it was her understanding that Pugh obtained the gun for their family\rquote s protection }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4215267 following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  this incident, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16329857 claiming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  that she still felt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506  threatened by their neighbors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846   On cross}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12990638 -examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , Aguilo admitted she did not know where Pugh had obtained the weapon, or whether he had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4215267 the proper}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  license. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4215267  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pugh was arrested}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4215267  for the current charges}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876347 about a month after the burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 Guam Police Officers Donny Pangelinan and William Naval responded to reports of a man with three children pointing a gun at several individuals who had been following or approaching them.  The officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876347 
located}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  Pugh, who matched the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543 caller\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 description, in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506 
he parking lot of Harmon Drugs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Finding him nervous, the officers patted Pugh down, recovering the gun. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Officer Pangelinan testified that when asked, Pugh stated he possessed the co
rrect documents for possession of the gun, but did not have them on his person at the time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15154317  of the arrest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543 
 Officer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pangelinan continued: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li432\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin432\itap0\pararsid5645846\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 I inquired if he had pointed the firearm at anybody.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  He stated that he has no idea what I\rquote m talking about.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  Then when
 I inquired as to where he had acquired the firearm, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid2823613 he stated he does not want to speak to me any further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li360\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid5645846\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5645846 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529 Transcript (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529\charrsid11099569 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529\charrsid11099569  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529 83}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6054529\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial, Jan. 30, 2015)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506  (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846   Upon this comment, Pugh objected and moved for a mistrial on the grounds t
hat this comment violated his Fifth Am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506 endment right to remain silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  The People asserted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8193657 that the officer\rquote s comment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 was simply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737481 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16672172 ill-phrased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8737481  indication that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  the conversation ended at that point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6382389 .  T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
he trial court denied the motion for a mistri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6557506 al and overruled the objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846   Pugh did not move to strike the testimony. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Notably, the People did not comment on this testimony during the remaining portions of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876347 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
trial.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13975951 Lorraine Alcanta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 ra of the Guam Police Department }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10175062 testified that while a firearm-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15271677 identification card}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 is required to register a gun and obtain a concealed permit, Pugh posse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10175062 ssed no registration or firearm-identification card}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 John Tyquiengco, of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543 Firearm Identification Unit, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
testified that the gun indeed was a functioning firearm. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Finally, the People called private investigator Agnes Blas without objection as a rebuttal witness.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11554543  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  Blas was hired by the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3806478 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 to investigate the burglary of their home }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10161159 which resulted in Blas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  interviewing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 Aguilo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , who had testified as to not remembering the substance of this conversation.  The People wished to show that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3806478 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  contrary }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 to her testimony at trial, Aguil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
o had told Blas that she was not aware of Pugh owning a gun for protection, which presumably tended to undermine the defense of necessity.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 controversy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488  then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  arose over how Blas had obtained A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 guil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 o\rquote s name in the investigation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid876347 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 burglary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 Blas testified that after receiving a list of possible witnesses from Marthella Travers, she \'93was able to locate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10949974  [A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 guil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10949974 o]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14101533 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11234860\charrsid11099569  at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11234860 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11234860\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial, Feb. 5, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15040261  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pugh objected that this testimony could be wrongly interpreted as evidence that Pugh committed the Travers burglary, casting him in a prejudicial light to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  The People responded that Blas simply stated that she received the name during her investigation, and the trial court found no violation, advising that Pugh could inquire }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9194488 into the subject}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .  On cross-examination, Pugh asked Blas if she had obtained Pugh or A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 guil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 o
\rquote s name based only on Pugh\rquote s arrest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  Blas responded, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14101533\charrsid4539950 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid4539950 o, that\rquote s incorrect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid617782 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid617782  at 10.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  immediately}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 ceased questioning and objected that this testimony was irrelevant and overly prejudicial in implying Pugh was a suspect, and tending to convict him of the burglary.  The trial court overruled the objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2629880 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 moved for another mistrial for the same reasons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421 
given for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192  his objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
The People responded that Blas had not stated that Pugh committed the burglary, and that the purpose of her testimony was to show the timeline of when the gun was stolen, relating to Pugh\rquote s affirmative defense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  The trial court denied the motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  for mistrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
, noting that it could give curative instructions if Pugh so desired}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741173  \endash  an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  offer that was not accepted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2629880 next}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  moved for judgment of acquittal on the child abuse charges under 8 GCA \'a7 100.10, which the court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  denied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5667421  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 Pugh then renewed his earlier motion for a mistrial, reasserting that Officer Pangelinan\rquote 
s testimony violated his Fifth Amendment right to remain silent, and that the court erred in allowing testimony that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192 the gun was stolen.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
The court noted that while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3806478 it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 generally impermissible to comment on a defendant\rquote s silence, a court need not declare a mistrial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210206 if}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15821849  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210206 it undertook}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15821849  certain remedial actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161\charrsid11607863 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488\charrsid11607863 trial court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161\charrsid11607863 cited authorities do not precisely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11607863  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11607863\charrsid11607863 correlate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11607863  to the record}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15821849 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid7371781 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\keep\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid1258329 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid1258329  The trial court cited }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid11099569 Greer v. Miller}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid11099569 , 483 U.S. 756 (1987)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid1258329 
 for the tenet that a comment on a defendant\rquote s silence does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 warrant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid1258329 
 a mistrial where the court sustains an objection and ceases questioning on the topic, advising the jury to disregard any questions to which an objection was sustained, and wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 
en the reference was not overly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid1258329 unfair.  However, the record shows that the court in fact overruled the objection to the comment on Pugh\rquote 
s silence, and did not give an immediate instruction to disregard the statement.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15821849 
The court again denied the motion, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 additionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  found the testimony was not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161 unduly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  prejudicial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 In reviewing jury instructions, the People proposed supplemental instructions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4487386 to explain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8091769  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 that Pugh\rquote s refusal to answer questions when arrested should not be considered in reaching a decision. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 However, Pugh rejected the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 proposal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
, asserting that no instruction could satisfactorily cure the prejudice, and in fact would only further draw the jurors\rquote  attention to the error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161 Nevertheless}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 standard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
jury instruction 3K did remind the jury that Pugh was on trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14101533 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 for the crimes charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid13247522 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid13247522 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid13247522  Instruction 3K on activities not charged was as follows: \'93
The defendant is on trial for the crimes charged in the Indictment, not for any other activities.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11959381 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid11099569 
 at 47 (Jury Trial, Feb. 6, 2015).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 Fu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12803740 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 thermore}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 , during closing arguments, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid9324832 both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  parties emphasized that Pugh was not accused of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 committing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 burglary, and that the jury should}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741173  not assign him any blame on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 assumption that he had some part in it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 Following deliberation, the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
 returned a verdict of guilty for illegal possession of a concealed firearm, possession of a firearm without a firearm-identification card, and possessi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192 on of an unregistered firearm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 However, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
he jury found Pugh not guilty of the reckless conduct and child abuse counts.  The court sentenced Pugh to two years imprisonment for each of his three convictions, to be served concurrently.  Pugh timely filed a Notice of Appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8338161  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11807739\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11959381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 II. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6912301\charrsid1182043 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846 This court has jurisdiction over this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8655549 appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 pursuant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16546503\charrsid11099569 -1(a)(2) (Westlaw }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 through P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11803256\charrsid11099569 ub}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11803256\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 L. 114-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4086527\charrsid11099569 197 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2046511\charrsid11099569 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 )); 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107 and 3108}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2046511\charrsid11099569 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  (2005); and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6181393\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 8 GCA \'a7
 130.15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2649566\charrsid11099569 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11959381 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6912301\charrsid1182043 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5645846 {\*\bkmkend SDU_516}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid5645846 \'93Evidentiary rulings are reviewed for an abuse of discretion and will not be reversed absent prejudice affecting the verdict.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6181393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 People v. Hall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , 2004 Guam 12 \'b6 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid12725558\charrsid11099569  (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid656281\charrsid11099569  People v. Torres}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid656281\charrsid11099569 , 2014 Guam 8 \'b6 18;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  People v. Chinel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , 2013 Guam 24 \'b6 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5783393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5783393\charrsid3417707 (\'93When a defendant objects to an evidentiary ruling, we review a trial court\rquote s decision to admit evidence for an abuse of discretion.\'94
 (citations omitted))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid3417707 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid5645846\charrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid6181393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid863654 Where the trial court has abused its discretion in admitting certain evidence, the proper standard for evaluating whether reversal is required is the harmless error standard. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6181393  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 See People v. Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  2009 Guam 2 \'b6\'b6 53}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488\charrsid11099569 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 55}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367016\charrsid11099569 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid10367016\charrsid11099569 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6555927\charrsid11099569 Guam R. Evid. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10367016\charrsid11099569 103(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6181393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 We review the denial of a motion for mistrial for an abuse of discretion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6181393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7869143\charrsid11099569 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 
, 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 9 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 Caston v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , 823 So.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7869143\charrsid11099569  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 2d 473, 492 (Miss.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10162176\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 2002)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6181393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13659242 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 
An alleged violation of the Fifth Amendment is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13659242 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 People v. Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 10 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 United States v. Mares}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , 940 F.2d 455, 461 (9th Cir.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10162176\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 1991)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846   An established violation is then subject to harmless error review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6181393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14752659\charrsid11099569 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  \'b6 23 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 United States v. Hasting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10162176\charrsid11099569 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569  461 U.S. 499, 507}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid9194488\charrsid11099569 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 09}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10162176\charrsid11099569  (1983)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 Chapman v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4477645\charrsid11099569 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 86 U.S. 18 (1967)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12725558\charrsid11099569 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5645846  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11473594\charrsid5645846 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2849707\charrsid1182043 ANALYSI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6912301\charrsid1182043 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid5138488 On appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh\rquote s main argument is that the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2498935 \rquote s alleged errors, collectively,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  denied him a fair trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16078479  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 However, this requires individual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 scrutiny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  of each alleged error before reaching a cumulative analysis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 must therefore decide w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2104370 hether the trial court erred in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15154909 denying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  Pugh\rquote s Motion in L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 imine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  or motions for mistrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741173 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15154909  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16601789 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 allowing Officer Pangelinan\rquote s comment on Pugh\rquote s silence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 finally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15154909 the trial court\rquote s rulings denied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15154909  his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  right to a fair trial. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 We address each issue in turn.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2046511 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511\charrsid2046511 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid16458589  Denial of the Motion in Limine
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 Pugh appeals the denial of his pre-trial motion to exclude evidence that the firearm found in his possession was stolen, and that the firearm\rquote s owner\rquote s home was burglarized. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14560975\charrsid11099569  (Sept. 18, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635 We}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 examine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the evidentiary rulings of the trial court under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635  GRE 404}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  and 403. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid617782 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid617782 //
\par //
\par //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7077892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511\charrsid2046511 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid4663367 GRE 404
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid394635\charrsid394635 Evidence of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7800242\charrsid394635 person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7800242 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7800242\charrsid394635 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid394635 character, trait of character, or other crimes, wrongs, or acts to prove the character of a person, is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2301671 generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid394635 admissible }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 as evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid394635  to show that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 they}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid394635  acted in conformity therewith. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16471344\charrsid11099569 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11959381 Guam R. Evid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid11099569  404.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 While Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13728159 cites}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  to GRE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14316580 404(a) and (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13728159  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  his brief, he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4550243 argues}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11959381 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4550243  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4793640 the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108  prejudicial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13728159  versus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4793640  probative balancing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 test }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 of GRE 403. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid394635\charrsid11099569 8-19.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132   Further, in his Motion in L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 imine, Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12741173 
merely and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13728159 summarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  stated that evidence of the Travers burglary \'93may also be deemed by the jury as evidence of bad character or a prior bad act.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974321 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16546503\charrsid11099569 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5974321 \'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16546503\charrsid11099569 , tab 82 at 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16546503\charrsid11099569  in Limine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7800242 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192 Jan. 29, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid226296 based on the record, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1339848 it does not appear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13070132 the People used evidence of the burglary to prove that Pugh was a thief or had stolen the gun to show that he acted in conformity with that trait in committing the crimes with which he was charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\super\insrsid3959770 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid3959770 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid3959770  The People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997 stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid3959770  that they did not intend to use the evidence in this m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 anner during arguments on the Motion in L}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid3959770 imine. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11959381 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid11099569 
 at 8 (Jury Trial, Jan. 30, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13728159 
The People argued that the purpose of the testimony referencing the burglary was to show that Pugh did not own the gun and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15154909  to point out}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13728159 
 the time difference between the altercation with Pugh\rquote s neighbors and when the gun was stolen.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid146311\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid146311\charrsid11099569 
 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 17-18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14560975\charrsid11099569  (Nov. 4, 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid146311\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid13728159   
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531 The latter testimony showing a passage of almost three months }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 went}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531  to rebut Pugh
\rquote s defense of necessity.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid146311\charrsid11099569 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid146311   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 Essentially, t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531 he argument was that Pugh could have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 obtained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531  a firearm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 -identification card }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531 and registered a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 firearm within the three-month time frame}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid15074531 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid146311  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid146311\charrsid11099569 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid146311   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525 Indeed, upon examination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108  e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108\charrsid2301671 vidence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108\charrsid2301671  burglary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid8531108\charrsid2301671  not tend to show that Pugh acted in conformity with the trait of being a thief on the occasion when he was stopped with an unregistered firearm. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid8531108  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid9194488 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 the evidence was not within the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 contemplation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488  of GRE}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9194488 404.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid3959770 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Therefore, GRE 404 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16546503 not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074531  applicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2301671 , as the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074531 and Pugh\rquote s argument against admission }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8531108 fall outside}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2301671  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1978628 scope of the rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2301671 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13070132  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 Nevertheless, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12275367 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15074531  substantial prejudice effect argument is relevant to a GRE 403 objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7077892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9074800 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid4139666 GRE 403
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3959770 Pugh\rquote s Motion in L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 imine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
sought to exclude any and all evidence relating to the burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid3357202  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 of the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1978628 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  home under GRE 403. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid3765211 Relevant evidence \'93
may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence.\'94
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 GRE 403.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14692017 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid3765211 The trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1978628 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid3765211 s balancing under Rule 403 is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14692017 \'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14692017\charrsid11099569 People v. Palisoc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14692017\charrsid11099569 , 2002 Guam 9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid7020301\charrsid11099569 \'b6 28 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14692017\charrsid11099569 (citing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 
People v. Evaristo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 1999 Guam 22 \'b6 6; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 United States v. Arambula}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid9181892\charrsid11099569 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Ruiz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 987 F.2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770\charrsid11099569 599,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  603}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3959770\charrsid11099569  (9th Cir. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7020301\charrsid11099569 1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3959770\charrsid11099569 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14692017\charrsid11099569 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7077892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15291925 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511\charrsid2046511 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid15291925  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3959770\charrsid10949974 GRE 403 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid10949974 alancing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3959770\charrsid10949974  test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid10949974 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 Pugh moved to exclude evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1978628 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the firearm was stolen on the grou
nds it carried a substantial risk of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11273582\charrsid11099569 RA, tab 82 at 1-2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2301671\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 
 in Limine).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
When arguing the motion, Pugh asserted the People were attempting to imply that Pugh committed the burglary, which was unfairly prejudicial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569 6-7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People responded that evidence of the burglary was probative to show }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  timeline of the gun\rquote s possession, which went to undermine Pugh\rquote s defense that he obtained a weapon out of immediate fear for his safety following being attacked by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 his }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 neighbors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569 8-11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 After receiving each party\rquote s arguments, the trial court denied the motion, finding that the prejudice was \'93not so severe\'94 against Pugh. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh now asserts that the People\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 claim }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6502555 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6502555 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6502555\charrsid7043608  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 relevant to counter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the affirmative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 defense of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 duress}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  or n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 ecessity was faulty. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3361729  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3361729\charrsid11099569 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3361729 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 maintains}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  that evidence that he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  did not obtain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11170529 this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 
 firearm until three months after his beating does not contradict the fact that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid5650021 still}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11170529 feared for his safety and needed a firearm, choosing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 to obtain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  without the necessary licenses. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3361729\charrsid11099569 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  at 19
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 Therefore, any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608 
probative value it may have had to impeach }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  defense of duress was far outweighed by the greater likelihood that it implied }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 he committed the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7043608  burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The Peopl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11273582 e respond that the evidence was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  probative to show that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid2845849 the gun }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
went missing at a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid2845849 sufficiently remote from Pugh\rquote s altercation so as to cast strong doubt on his affirmative defense of necessity.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9707006  The People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 also assert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5260592  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 they did not in any way portray Pugh as the perpetrator of the burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at 16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Therefore, they argue the probative value of the evidence outweighed any prejudicial effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at 18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7803108 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005 we examine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 the probative value.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  GRE 403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh asserted the affirmative defense of necessity, to show that he had to obtain a weapon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6502555 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 regardless of legality, for protection after being assaulted by neighbors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13313661\charrsid3890609 RA, tab 80 at 
1-2 (Trial Mem., Jan. 29, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid726257 then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 tried to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833698 negate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  this assertion by showing that the gun went missing long after the alleged assault, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid726257 and therefore}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  this was not an immediate occurrence, and Pugh could possibly have obtained a legal gun in that time frame. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
The Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6502555 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15752175  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 testified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3953192  as to when the gun was stolen.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Blas testified to rebut A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 guil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 o\rquote s assertion of not remembering }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  conversation, wherein A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 guil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 o allegedly stated she did not know of Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5578194 owning a gun; this undermined Aguilo\rquote s earlier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11170529 testimony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  that she knew Pugh had a gun for protection, due to continued incidents with the neighbors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1993353 -3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569 , 6 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Feb. 5, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7691371  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12725558\charrsid11099569 Tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6886601\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12545491\charrsid11099569 42-43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12545491\charrsid11099569 56}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Feb. 4, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12736008 
  We find that these facts, along}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  with the evidence that it takes less time to obtain a firearm license than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16215496 the time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 between the assault and Pugh\rquote s arrest, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2301671 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  probative of negating Pugh\rquote s defense of necessity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12545491\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12545491\charrsid11099569 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12545491\charrsid11099569 41}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6622604 In weighing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 prejudicial effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9511965  and the risk of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  confusing the issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9511965  or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  misleading the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11039526 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6622604  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9511965 the court notes that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11039526 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
oth of the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9511965 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  testified that they did not know how Pugh obtained the weapon. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11799905\charrsid11099569 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11799905\charrsid11099569 37}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11799905\charrsid11099569 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Blas\rquote s testimony stat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7304191 ing that she received Aguil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9511965 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  or Pugh\rquote s name in connection with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11039526 the burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 investigation did tend to suggest that they were somehow involved in the burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6123411\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6123411\charrsid11099569 7-8 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Feb. 5, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 Additionally, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Officer Pangelinan\rquote s comment on Pugh\rquote 
s silence about where he obtained the gun suggested that he had committed the burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11170529\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11170529\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 83 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800\charrsid11099569 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  references to the Travers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 burglary }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 strongly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312 implied}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  that Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 committed the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11170529 crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 , casting him in a negative light to the jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 Moreover, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 prejudicial effect was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 especially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 amplified}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10435239  because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11039526  the burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  was an uncharged and unrelated crime}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11039526 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936  The People could have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584  simply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2706936  established the weapon left Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 
 possession at a certain time without introducing such extensive evidence referencing the burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid80303 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 Accordingly, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 n weighing the evidence relat}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14032584 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  to the Travers burglary, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3625716 we find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16215496 prejudicial effect substantially outweighed its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 probative value.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  Therefore, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 the trial court abused its discretion in performing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7077892 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2706936 
 GRE 403 balancing test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7077892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13960843 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid9074800\charrsid2046511 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid2046511 Harmless error
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid786575 
Although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  admission of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12676772  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  evidence related to the burglary under GRE 403 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid786575 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  an abuse of discretion, we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid786575  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 reverse }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 only }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 where an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  not harmless. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12725558\charrsid11099569 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9074800\charrsid11099569 Jesus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800\charrsid11099569 , 2009 Guam 2 \'b6\'b6 53-55}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14884202 Under t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13311594 he h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800 
armless error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13311594  analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14884202 , we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800  examine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the following factors: \'93
(1) the overall strength of the prosecution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832104 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 s case; (2) the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832104 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 s conduct with respect to the improperly admitted evidence; (3) the importance of the wrongly admitted evidence; and (4) whether such evidence was cumulative of other properly admitted evidence.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 People v. Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 2012 Guam 3 \'b6 41 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 United States v. Garcia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 413 F.3d 201, 217 (2d Cir.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9074800\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  \'93T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid15234096 he test for harmless error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2113793 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid15234096 is whether it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid15234096  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6
 112 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Neder v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , 527 U.S. 1, 15 (1999)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 For the first factor, the case against Pugh was strong. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People presented evidence that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312 he}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  was arrested with a firearm that turned out to belong to another person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371  Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 92-93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082\charrsid11099569  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid11099569 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8342082\charrsid11099569 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12940412 possess}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 the requisite }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12940412 legal documentation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  to carry the weapon.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7691371  id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 88-93}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082\charrsid11099569 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 As for the second factor, the People did not allege that Pugh committed the burglary, and during closing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832104 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  joined Pugh in emphasizing that the jury should not consider that he had any part in the burglary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 3-5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3241312\charrsid11099569 Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 , Feb. 6, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 For the third factor, this evidence was not important to the main case against Pugh, though it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082 relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  to combat Pugh\rquote 
s affirmative defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 For the fourth factor, considering the case against Pugh as a whole, the burglary evidence was cumulative of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832104 other properly admitted evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 showing that Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11944788 did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  not own the gun. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9308564 this was not cumulative of other evidence regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 the affirmative defense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9308564 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  where the only theory was that the gun was stolen months after Pugh\rquote s assault. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 If }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2832104 we look}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 solely at the affirmative defense, this error would likely not be harmless, given that it was one of the o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 nly theories the People used to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5652771 negate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the affirmative defense. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 However, the error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082 severely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 diminishes in importance when considering the overall strength of the case, th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833698 e People\rquote s use of the evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the People
\rquote s own attempts to mitigate any possible prejudicial effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5652771 , the curative instructions offered, and the jury instructions given}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10904508 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10904508 
hile the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of the burglary, the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 B.  Denial of the Motions for Mistrial
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4210945 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 Pugh also appeals the trial court\rquote s denials of his motions for a mistrial on January 30, 2015, and February 5, 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid16458589 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957  Pugh also moved for another mistrial on January 30, immediately following the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997 es\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957  testimony, which the trial court denied. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid8855479  Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 49-50 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid8327680 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 ). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 Whereas Pugh\rquote s brief states he appeals the other denials, he does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 claim to appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 
denial of this motion that directly followed the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6426957 \rquote  testimony. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid12726820 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid12726820  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 4.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11099569 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 6, 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .  Trial courts generally have broad discretion in adjudging the propriety of a mistrial, g
ranting such a motion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7691371 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 where so dictated by \'93manifest necessity\'94 or in order to serve the \'93ends of public justice.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Illinois v. Somerville}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 
, 410 U.S. 458, 461-63 (1973)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 United States v. Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 
, 22 U.S. 579, 580 (1824))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   This is a purposefully fluid test that adapts to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14317212  trial court
\rquote s impressions and the \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14317212\charrsid14317212 varying and often unique situations arising during the course of a criminal trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14317212 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14317212\charrsid12726820 at 462}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14317212 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951 \'93
The defendant has the burden of proving that there was an abuse of discretion, and, where the court is to review a motion for mistrial, \lquote 
the power ought to be used with the greatest of caution under urgent circumstances, and for very plain and obvious causes.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951\charrsid4210945  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 United States v. Gann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 , 732 F.2d 714, 725 (9th Cir. 1984) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 United States v. Escalante}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951\charrsid12726820 , 637 F.2d 1197, 1202 (9th Cir. 1980))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6574951 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid4598302 \'93An abuse of discretion occurs when the court makes a judgment that clearly goes against the logic and effect of the facts.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Palisoc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 2002 Guam 9 \'b6 7 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 People v. Quintanilla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 2001 Guam 12 \'b6 9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4598302   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4210945 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9909826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 1.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid9054160 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid8342082 January 30 Motion for Mistrial regarding Pugh\rquote s s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid9054160 ilence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10751883 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 When testifying about Pugh\rquote s arrest, Officer Pangelinan responded to the general question of \'93what happened next?\'94 by saying \'93when I inquired as to where he had acquired the firearm, he stated
 that he does not want to talk to me any further.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8855479 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820 83 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid12726820 
, Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   Pugh immediately }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15665404 orally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
moved for a mistrial, and additionally filed a written motion on February 3, 2015, arguing that this testimony violated his right to remain silent and exacerbated evidence of the burglary, which deprived him a fair trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820  at 84}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464585\charrsid12726820 RA, tab 87}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6833698\charrsid12726820 1-4}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  (Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464585\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  Mistrial, Feb. 3, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589   The People filed a response arguing that any reference to Pugh\rquote s silence was harmless because the comment was neither extensive nor stressed to the jury, and was inconsequential when compared with the abundance of other evidence.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464585\charrsid12726820 RA, tab 89}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464585\charrsid12726820 1-4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  (Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid349418\charrsid12726820 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 n Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5464585\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  Mistrial, Feb. 5, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The trial court cited multiple authorities setting standards of mistrial, p
rejudicial evidence, and harmless error, before denying the motion. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8855479  Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820  at 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5201128\charrsid12726820 -22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820  (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8327680\charrsid12726820 , Feb. 5, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13592552\charrsid12726820 );}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Greer}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 483 U.S. 756; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 24; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8855479 Guam R. Evid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  403.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 Given that the objection to Blas\rquote s testimony was overruled and no curative instruction given, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5653090 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15480890  lead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5653090 
 authorit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15480890 y}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  cited by the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15480890 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  distinguishable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid9308564 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid15480890 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15480890  The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 underlying trial circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15480890  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15480890 Greer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid15480890 
 involved a sustained objection and an instruction to disregard questions drawing a successful objection.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid12726820 483 U.S. at 764-65.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  However, we review denial of a mistrial for an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14221680\charrsid12726820 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589 \'93Most importantly, under this standard, [a reviewing court] cannot reverse a decision unless it has a definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a clear error of judgment in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589 conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589  it reached upon a weighing of the relevant facts.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14385005  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Gua}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 m Radio Serv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid14948189\charrsid12726820 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 . Inc. v. Guam Econ.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  Dev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Auth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid8342082\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 2000 Guam 23 \'b6 6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid2649566\charrsid12726820 (emphasis added) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 People v. Quinata}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 1999 Guam 6 \'b6 17);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 People v. Tuncap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 1998 Guam 13 \'b6 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4859448\charrsid12726820  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid16009728\charrsid12726820 United}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\insrsid4859448\charrsid12726820  States v. Plainbull}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid4859448\charrsid12726820 , 957 F.2d 724, 725 (9th Cir. 1992))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid16458589\charrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 As detailed in the Fifth Amendment analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  in section C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14356157 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  below}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , the reference to Pugh\rquote s silence was fleeting, and not reversible error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14385005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  Further, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873 discussed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  A.2.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873 above}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525\charrsid14815525  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525 on GRE 403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9447046 evidence relating to the burglary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8942070 did not constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9447046  reversible error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid341982 Therefore, w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525\charrsid16458589 hen considering the high standard necessary for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14815525  a trial court to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525\charrsid16458589  declar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525\charrsid16458589 
 a mistrial, the trial court\rquote s reasoning was questionable, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525 but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525\charrsid16458589 not an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\cf1\super\insrsid14815525 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14815525 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445  Further, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid14815525 even }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445 where a trial court applied the wrong or questionable standards, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525 reversal might not be warranted, as t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445 his court may still affirm a decision, if it is supported by the record.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid8855479 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 ee, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 People v. Castro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 , 2016 Guam 16 \'b6 29 (\'93Although the trial court did not make a specific cite to the [standard], we may still affirm the trial court\rquote s decision if it is supported by the record.\'94 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 People v. Chinel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 , 2013 Guam 24 \'b6\'b6 40-41));}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 
 Sumitomo Constr. Co. v. Zhong Ye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820  Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 
, 1997 Guam 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445  (\'93We believe that the wrong standards were used to confirm the award. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid14815525  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid14815525\charrsid10970445 We find, however, that under the appropriate standards, the arbitration award would still be confirmed.  Accordingly, we affirm the Superior Court\rquote s decision.\'94).  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\insrsid14815525  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\insrsid14815525\charrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 Gann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525\charrsid12726820 , 732 F.2d at 725.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14815525   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10751883 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10751883 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12408414 
In light of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the circumstances and the standard for declaring a mistrial, denial of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid341982 January 30 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 motion }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid341982 did not constitute reversible error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid789849 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 2.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid9587011 The Febr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10970445 uary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10254122 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10970445  Motion for Mistrial regarding Blas\rquote s t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid9587011 
estimony
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh also moved for a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid341982 nother}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  mistrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 claiming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  Blas\rquote s testimony that someone had given her Pugh\rquote s name}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445  in her burglary investigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 was not relevant and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 so unfairly prejudicial that nothing could erase this thought from the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2648517 jurors\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 minds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8855479 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15738283\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15738283\charrsid12726820 15-16 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8327680\charrsid12726820 , Feb. 5, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
  The People contended Blas did not identify Pugh as a suspect in the burglary, and that her investigation was relevant to show the timeline of the gun arriving on island. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
.  The court denied the motion, noting it could give }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4539950 curative or jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  instructions and that Pugh could discuss this issue in closing.  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 Blas\rquote s testimony was prejudicial, implying that Pugh committed the burglary.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9447046 , the standard for granting a mistrial is high and extremely discretionary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9447046  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10970445\charrsid12726820 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10970445\charrsid12726820 Somerville}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685\charrsid12726820 , 410 U.S. at 461-63}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12408414\charrsid12726820 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12408414\charrsid12726820 Gann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12408414\charrsid12726820 , 732 F.2d at 725}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685\charrsid12726820 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 Furthermore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , jury instructions and both }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 parties\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 closing arguments reinforced that Pugh was not on trial for burglary}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16152986  instructed the jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 to not assign any blame to him based on that assumption. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8855479 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820 3}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14775678\charrsid12726820 Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid12726820 , Feb. 6, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Therefore, despite Pugh\rquote s questionable decisions to refuse mitigation of prejudice by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13833332 special }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 instruction, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13833332  default jury instructions and closing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  statements served that function. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10774685  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13833332 Accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873\charrsid13138873 , denial of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid341982 February 5 motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13138873\charrsid13138873  was not an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid3870156 C.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid3870156 Fifth Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  Right to Remain S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 ilent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid3870156 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh asserts that allowing a portion of Officer Pangelinan\rquote s testimony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid807298 , which indicated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  that Pugh did not wish to speak to him further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid807298 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  constituted a violation of his right to remain silent under the Fifth Amendment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321 The Fifth Amendment to the United Sta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 tes Constitution provides that \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321 [n]o person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321  shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 , 2003 Guam 21 
\'b6 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6646734\charrsid12726820 (alterations in original) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 (quoting U.S. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6646734\charrsid12726820 onst}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 . amend. V).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   This court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321 in recognition of the Fifth Amendment pri
vilege against self-incrimination, forbids the use of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14372725\charrsid7479321 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14372725 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14372725\charrsid7479321 s }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid7479321 silence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 as substantive evidence of guilt in both pre-custodial and custodial circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5600421\charrsid12726820 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  
\'b6\'b6 11, 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4131005 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 An alleged violation of the Fifth Amendment is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4131005 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4131005  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  \'b6 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4131005\charrsid12726820 (emphasis added) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   An established violation requires the convictions to be reversed unless the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4681530 reviewing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 court concludes the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid8257865\charrsid12726820 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid12726820  \'b6 23 (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16004759 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10970445 1.  Substantive evidence of g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid12674657 
uilt 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Evidence of a defendant\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4480185 silence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3495182  in pre-custodial or custodial circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid4480185  violates the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3495182 , when used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3495182\charrsid4480185 as substantive evidence of guilt}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4480185 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2622017\charrsid204897 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2622017\charrsid204897 \'b6 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12940412 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2622017\charrsid204897 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897  23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 Therefore, the first inquiry is whether Officer Pangelinan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10421222 \rquote s testimony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023  stating, \'93T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
hen when I inquired as to where he had acquired the firearm, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid2823613 he stated he does not want to speak to me any further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 ,\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 was used as substantive evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12800528 Pugh\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14619933\charrsid204897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445\charrsid204897 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14619933\charrsid204897 83 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid204897 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445\charrsid204897 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14965319\charrsid204897  (e
mphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People characterize this as \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid1006105 a single, non-substantive reference to Pugh\rquote s desire to terminate questioning on the street.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 \'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10970445 However, the People\rquote s cited cases purportedly supporting thei}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 r argument involve impeachment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445  instead of substantive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13138873  evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid10970445 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 The People cited to the following cases: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 Jenkins v. Anderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 
, 447 U.S. 231 (1980)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  (testimony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  for impeachment); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 Hall v. Vasbinder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 , 563 F.3d 222 (6th Cir. 2009)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689 
 (reference to silence allowed to refute theory that defendant did not get to tell his side of the story); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 United States v. Salinas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 , 480 F.3d 750 (5th Cir. 2007)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 finding no protection for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  pre-Miranda silence);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 United States v. Whitehead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 , 200 F.3d 634 (9th Cir. 2000)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689 
 (allowing a plainly infringing reference to defendant\rquote s silence only because defendant failed the last prong of the harmless error test).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh argues this evidence was used to imply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8992908 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  committed the Travers burglary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
As Pugh notes, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445  did not testify at trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid11749807 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12274244\charrsid204897 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9909826 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid12731784 Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , a police officer testified that the defendant remained silent when questioned about alcohol regarding a DUI incident. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 25}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .  This evidence was not introduced as evidence of impeachment, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 was substantive in that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 tended to imply that the defendant was hidin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 g something regarding his guilt}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid9178436\charrsid204897 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1859417\charrsid204897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859417\charrsid204897 \'b6 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1859417 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909826   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16082977 Here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909826  too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15032213 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the comment at issue was not being used to combat }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10970445 an untrue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  assertion such as Pugh being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
able to explain himself to officers or some similar situation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Moreover, Pugh did not testify at trial, so the comment was clear
ly not used as impeachment evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 In context, it was the witness\rquote s answer to a general question about what happened next, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8992908 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2648517 described }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
the end of the conversation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid341982  Further, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 he People did not emphasize Pugh\rquote s silence any further, or r
eference it in any way }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid987644 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the remainder of the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10949974  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16215496 T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 he comment was certainly not used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid3552018 extensively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 as evidence of guilt, especially since Pugh was not charged with burglary. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 However, Pugh\rquote 
s silence did indicate some guilt regarding how he obtained the firearm, and that he did not have the correct paperwork. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 
Al}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 though non-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 extensive, the statement was a substantive comment on Pugh\rquote s silence in response to questioning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 , and therefore admission constituted an error by the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Nevertheless, the comment is subject to harmless error review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473164   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid1473164\charrsid204897 See Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473164\charrsid204897 , 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15606704\charrsid204897  (citations omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1473164\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16004759 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid10970445 2.  Harmless e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid12674657 rror
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 
Due to the comment on his silence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , Pugh\rquote s convictions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10970445 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 be reversed unless we find the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12725558\charrsid204897 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid7107965\charrsid204897 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897  (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   In determining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10893812 
 whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 improper }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10893812 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 estimony regarding defendant\rquote s silence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10893812  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 was harmless, this court considers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10893812 : \'93
(1) the extent of the comments made; (2) whether an inference of guilt from silence was stressed to the jury; and (3) the extent of other evidence suggesting the defendant\rquote s guilt.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid10970445\charrsid204897 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897  \'b6 24 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424\charrsid204897 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid278772\charrsid204897 
quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 United States v. Pino-Noriega}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 , 189 F.3d 1089, 1099 (9th Cir. 1999)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6640424\charrsid204897 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 We first consider the extent of the comments made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14511396\charrsid204897 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid6640424\charrsid204897 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  Pugh argues that this}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396  comment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , along with several other alleged errors referencing the burglary, suggested that he was guilty of that crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10882858   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10882858\charrsid204897 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 21.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589   However, these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16215496 
other references to the burglary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  not additional references to Pugh\rquote s silence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10949974 and are}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396  irrelevant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  this prong.  The People argue that this was a single reference to Pugh\rquote s silence by a witness, which was not mentioned again.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid16458589 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10508593 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\super\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997\charrsid6364689  As stated above, the People\rquote 
s cases purporting to be examples of courts allowing numerous mentions of a defendant\rquote s conduct can all be distinguished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid12405997 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4326739   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4326739\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1993353 -15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4326739\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The reference was indeed relatively fleeting: Office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023 r Pangelinan merely stated, \'93T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 hen when I inquired as to where he had acquired the firearm, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid2823613 he stated he does not want to speak to me any further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957\charrsid204897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957\charrsid204897 83 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15752175\charrsid204897 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 )}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2649566\charrsid204897  (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  This is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 reminiscent of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 the facts in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid9513383 Muritok}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , where the court found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  reference non-extensive when the officer testified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13399636 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4409643 I asked him if he had been drinking. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2649566  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid4409643 He refused to answer that question. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4409643 I asked him if he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 was}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid4409643  willing to provide blood for the purpose of determining alcohol percentag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 e. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 He again refused to answer.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Considering there was only one mention of Pugh\rquote s silence throughout trial, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid669515 cognizant of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the similarity to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid15935732 Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , the current reference was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 also 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 not extensive. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The next inquiry is whether an inference of guilt from silence was stressed to the jury. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid5118579\charrsid204897 See i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14511396\charrsid204897 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897  \'b6 24.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh argues that the testimony highlighted other evidence regarding uncharged crimes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  Again, this argument is misplaced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396  here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , as it does not go to show that the silence was stressed as evidence of guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People argue that they made no other reference to Pugh\rquote s silence at any other point during the trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .  After review of the transcripts, this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 assertion is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  correct: the People did not use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  testimony in a manner stressing guilt to the jury. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The final prong of harmless error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8940096 requires us to }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 examine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the extent of other evidence suggesting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12339186 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid8389355\charrsid204897 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 , 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People point to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11942403 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 eyewitness description of a man fitting Pugh\rquote s description with a gun, and that Pugh turned out to have a gun with no documents showing lawful possession. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 Because of the other evidence presented regarding Pugh being in possession of an unlawful weapon, there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 
no shortage }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 of evidence suggesting his guilt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8353477  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8353477  the crim
es charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  Indeed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7217111 we find that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589 there was little }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 if any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  reliance on Pugh\rquote s silence during questioning to prove that he illegally possessed the weapon. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [45]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 he reference to Pugh\rquote 
s silence tended to indicate his guilt of wrongfully possessing the firearm. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589 n light of the minimal extent of the reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589 
 silence, the fact that such silence was not stressed to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396\charrsid10228589 jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11942403 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid875138 given the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11942403  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589  evidence of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4681011 Pugh\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589 guilt, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589  erroneous}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8809871 ly admitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589  comment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5646961 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10228589 
 harmless beyond a reasonable doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424\charrsid204897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 See Muritok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 , 2003 Guam 21 \'b6 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16458589 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid3540429 D.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511 Fifth Amendment Right to a Fair T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid3540429 rial
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [46]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh\rquote s main argument }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
that collective errors were so unfairly prejudicial that they cumulatively denied his due process right to a fair trial, protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments (made applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424 
ble to Guam by the Organic Act)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4855165\charrsid204897 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11615284\charrsid204897 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11615284\charrsid204897 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13331023 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Adamson v. California}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 , 332 U.S. 46, 53 (1947)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13331023\charrsid204897 overruled on other grounds by Malloy v. Hogan}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13331023\charrsid204897 , 378 U.S. 1 (1964)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  (noting that the Fifth Amendment right to a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2649566 
fair trial is protected by the Due Process C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 lause of the Fourteenth Amendment)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid6233074  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [47]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Pugh offers minimal analysis }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 or supporting}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 regarding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396  the right to a fair trial,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 enerall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 y arguing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
that any evidence of the burglary was overly prejudicial, and that the deprivation of his right to remain silent was used to highlight the prejudicial evidence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 22.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 Therefore, collectively,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  his right to a fair trial was allegedly violated. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14511396\charrsid204897 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid4146902\charrsid204897  at 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4146902 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 The People generally respond that there wer
e no evidentiary errors at trial, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16348511 nor were there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 constitutional violations warranting reversal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid204897 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 This fair trial inquiry takes two forms given }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 
 claims for relief: an unfairly prejudicial analysis and a cumulative effect analysis.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9322143 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14511396 1.  Unfairly prejudicial e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid12674657 
vidence
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [48]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid6372336 The admission of unfairly prejudicial evidence violates th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid875138 e Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid6372336 
 if it results in a denial of fundamental fairness at trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid13268734\charrsid3605773 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid3605773 Lisenba v. California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid3605773 , 314 U.S. 219, 236 (1941).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2506974 While no Guam cases }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid875138 squarely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  add}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2506974 ressed this issue, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 he Ninth Circuit has indicated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid663472 Federal Rules of Evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932 (
\'93FRE\'94) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Rule 403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid875138  itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786 , which GRE 403}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid163038  was modeled after}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5837786 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  is the standard to be used in determining whether due process was given. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16458589\charrsid3605773 See United States v. LeMay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid3605773 , 260 F.3d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424\charrsid3605773 1018, 1026 (9th Cir. 2001)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  (\'93A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
s long as the protections of Rule 403 remain in place to ensure that potentially devastating evidence of little probative value will not reach the jury, the right to a fair trial remains adequately safeguarded.\'94). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932 Accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 we follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  the Ninth Circuit\rquote 
s reasoning, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932  find}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 analysis of GRE 403 applicable to the issue of whether there was a violation of the right to a fair trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid7166932\charrsid3605773 See Roten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932\charrsid3605773 , 2012 Guam 3 \'b6 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932  (\'93Generally, Guam courts view federal case law concerning the [FRE] as persuasive, given the similarities between the GRE and the FRE.\'94)
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3605773 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16079361 Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 the above analysis of GRE 403 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762 indicates no reversible error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  in admitting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7166932 evidence related to the Travers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 burglary, Pugh\rquote s right to a fair trial was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399  also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  not violated in this manner. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1916544 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid12674657 2.  Cumulative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589 ffect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16458589\charrsid12674657 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3040688 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [49]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 asserts that the comment on his right to remain silent augmented the alleged prejudicial effect of evidence related to the Travers burglary, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid9902399 cumulatively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  resulted in an unfair trial. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14511396\charrsid3605773 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 22.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2054787 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589\charrsid342268 he Supreme Court has clearly established that the combined effect of multiple trial court errors violates due process where it renders the resulting criminal trial fundamentally unfair.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2054787 \'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid2054787\charrsid3605773 Parle v. Runnels}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2054787\charrsid3605773 , 505 F.3d 922, 927 (9th Cir. 2007) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8876364 
(holding that the defendant was deprived of a fair trial when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3697992 the trial court excluded critical evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16329017 and when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10498491 State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3697992 refused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11752291  to permit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3697992  the defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14053302 
to cross-examine a witness }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14053302\charrsid3605773 (citing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid14053302\charrsid3605773  Chambers v. Mississippi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14053302\charrsid3605773 
, 410 U.S. 284, 298, 302-03 (1973)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916544 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6818678 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid342268 The cumulative effect of multiple errors can violate due process even where no single error rises to the level of a constitutional violation or would independently warrant reversal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6818678 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid342268  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid12014593\charrsid10954641 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid2054787\charrsid10954641 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10954641 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16458589\charrsid10954641 Chambers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396\charrsid10954641 
, 410 U.S. at 290 n.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589\charrsid10954641 3).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10774685 As detailed above,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8353477  the two errors committed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762  were individually harmless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762  Furthermore, there was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
 overwhelming evidence suggesting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762 Pugh\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  guilt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
Pugh was found with a firearm that did not belong to him, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16348511 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 did not have the correct paperwork for owning one. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14053302 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957\charrsid10954641  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396\charrsid10954641 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1993353 82-}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15999957\charrsid10954641 84 (Jury Trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8327680\charrsid10954641 , Jan. 30, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396\charrsid10954641 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid14511396   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid988264 ese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid988264 facts alone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16348511 are sufficient to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 convict Pugh of the charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16458589  Pugh\rquote s only argument was via }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2644515 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 affirmative defense, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16475275 we do not find}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589  sufficient errors with regard to combating that defense to declare a violation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6640424  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid14511396 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [51]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762 There}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 fore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5404560  we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1916544 find no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid875138 infringement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762  of Pugh\rquote s du}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1990043 e process right to a fair trial, and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399\charrsid9902399  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9902399 Pugh\rquote s arguments on appeal fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1990043 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16458589 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14053302 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid2046511  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6912301\charrsid1182043 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid14248571\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10448362 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [52]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6124204 Upon consideration, we find no reversible errors. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11096263  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15105762 Moreover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204\charrsid6912118 Pugh\rquote s right to a fair trial was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204\charrsid6912118 violated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6124204  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11756039\charrsid1182043 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11564429 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3040688 [53]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3040688 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid10504933\charrsid1182043 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid6124204 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10504933\charrsid1182043  the trial court\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid6124204 Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10504933\charrsid1182043 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10504933 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid4743748\charrsid1182043 
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