{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
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{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f345\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f346\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f348\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f349\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f350\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f351\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f352\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f353\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f365\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f366\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}
{\f368\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f369\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f370\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f371\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f372\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f373\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f685\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f686\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f688\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f689\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f692\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f693\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f715\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f716\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f718\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f719\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f722\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\f723\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\f725\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f726\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f728\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f729\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f730\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f731\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f732\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f733\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}
{\f734\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese){\*\falt Calibri};}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;
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{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\lin2160 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }
{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }
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\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
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{\title \'93this is a quote, has said, of me saying \'91this is a quote\'92\'94}{\author raikatalau_l}{\operator raikatalau_l}{\creatim\yr2015\mo10\dy28\hr16\min39}{\revtim\yr2015\mo10\dy28\hr17\min16}{\version2}{\edmins30}{\nofpages15}{\nofwords7869}
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10230155 , 2015 Guam 29, Opinion          \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid10230155\charrsid15748452 Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid10230155\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 SALVADOR ENRIQUEZ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ELSIE SMITH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Defendant-Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.: CVA14-020
\par Superior Court Case No.: CV1486-11
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 October 21, 2015
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cite as: 2015 Guam 29
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\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on April 27, 2015
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\par Cross-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 : 
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\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin5040\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Law Offices of Cunliffe & Cook}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 210 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par Robert L. Keogh, Esq.
\par Law Office of Robert L. Keogh
\par 247 Martyr St., Ste. 105
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10230155\tbllkhdrrows\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil 
\cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 BEFORE:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 CARBULLIDO, J.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab This dispute centers on interpreting whether Guam
\rquote s Citizen Participation in Government Act (\'93CPGA\'94), 7 GCA Chapter 17, provided Defendant-Appellee/Cross-Appellant Elsie Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 immunity from Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Appellee Salvador Enriquez\rquote s action for slander, libel, false light invasion of privacy, and emotional distress.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez appeals a final judgment of the trial court which, following remand, dismissed his claims due to Sm
ith\rquote s immunity under Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute, required him to pay Smith\rquote s attorney\rquote s fees from trial, and imposed a $20,000.00 sanction against Enriquez.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez argues that the CPGA is not applicable because Smith\rquote s actions do not constitute petitionin
g, his hearing lacked adequate due process to be an official proceeding, and the sham exception precluded Smith\rquote s immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith cross-appeals, claiming that the trial court erred in not awarding her attorney\rquote s fees for her appeal, not imposing sanctions against Enriquez\rquote 
s counsel, and not awarding her compensatory damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
For the reasons stated herein, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Factual and Procedural Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 {\*\bkmkstart SDU_516}[3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab The ca
se has previously come before the court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez v. Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 2012 Guam 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'93
Smith was a patient of Dr. Hugh Sule, a dentist at Gentlecare Dental Clinic (\'93Gentlecare\'94) in Tamuning.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith alleged that Dr. Sule left in the middle of a root canal, leaving the procedure to a dental auxiliary.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Smith suffered pain and swelling of her face and eye as a result of the procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In response, Smith filed a complaint with the Guam Board of Examiners for Dentistry (\'93Dental Board\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In the course of the Dental Board\rquote s investigation, Smith viewed photographs to identify the dental auxiliary who assisted with the root canal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith identified Salvador Enriquez.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As a result, the Dental Board, represented by the Office of the Attorney General (\'93Attorney General\'94
), filed a disciplinary case against both Dr. Sule and Enriquez.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
As a result of the investigation, Enriquez filed suit against Smith in the Superior Court, seeking actual, compensatory, punitive, and other unspecified damages for libel,
 slander, false light invasion of privacy, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and negligent infliction of emotional distress based on his assertion that Smith falsely identified him as the dental auxiliary who caused her harm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez maintains that he did not participate in Smith\rquote 
s procedure and submitted several affidavits in support of his claim, including one from Edmund Julao stating that he, and not Enriquez, was the dental auxiliary who assisted Dr. Sule with Smith\rquote s root canal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s34\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Smith moved to dismiss Enriquez\rquote 
s action against her pursuant to both Guam Rules of Civil Procedure (\'93GRCP\'94) Rule 12(b)(6) for Enriquez\rquote s failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and for summary judgment under the CPGA, 7 GCA \'a7 17106.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The tri
al court granted only the GRCP 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, declining to address the CPGA argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 On appeal, this court ruled that Smith was entitled to have her CPGA argument considered, along with the claims for sanctions and damages stemming from a fav
orable ruling, and remanded for proceedings on these issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
On remand, the trial court dismissed the action against Smith, holding that her complaint and subsequent investigation assistance to the Dental Board satisfactorily constituted petitioning activity to trigger immunity from suit under the CPGA.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The court also awarded Smith litigation costs including \'93reasonable attorney[
\rquote s] fees and sufficient sanctions for deterrence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Record on Appeal (
\'93RA\'94), tab 65 at 4 (Dec. & Order, May 10, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Followi
ng an evidentiary hearing, the court calculated Smith\rquote s reasonable attorney\rquote s fees to be $22,091.82 and imposed a sanction against Enriquez of $20,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, the court denied Smith\rquote s claim for compensatory damages for failure to articulate sufficiently concrete damages and causation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Following denial of a motion for reconsideration, the trial court issued its final judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Both parties timely appealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s34\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab This court has jurisdiction over appeals from final judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 114-40 (2015)) and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7
 3107(b) and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
This is an appeal of a final judgment issued by the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
RA, tab 95 at 1-2 (Judgment, May 19, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Standard of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 {\*\bkmkend SDU_516}[9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Any motion seeking immunity under the CPGA is treated as a motion for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We review a trial court\rquote s decision granting a motion for summary judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Zahnen v. Limtiaco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2008 Guam 5 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Additionally, issues of statutory interpretation, such as whether the CPGA and the sham exception apply in this case, are subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 People v. Aromin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2014 Guam 3 \'b6 11; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Guam Greyhound, Inc. v. Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2008 Guam 13 \'b6 6 (construction of the CPGA reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Mixed issues of law and fact, such as whether the Dental Board hearing provided sufficient due process protections to be considered an official proceeding, are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Att\rquote y Gen. of Guam v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2011 Guam 10 \'b6
 18 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Town House Dep\rquote t Stores, Inc. v. Ahn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2000 Guam 29 \'b6 6).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab A trial court\rquote 
s decision whether or not to award attorney\rquote s fees and impose sanctions is normally reviewed for an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cruz v. Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2005 Guam 3 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Fleming v. Quigley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2003 Guam 4 \'b6 14; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Trans Pac. Exp. Co. v. Oka Towers Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2000 Guam 3 \'b6 37; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Adams v. Duenas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 1998 Guam 15 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, to the extent that the CPGA requires mandatory award of sanctions and fees, the issue is one of statutory interpretation, reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Aromin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2014 Guam 3 \'b6 11; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2008 Guam 13 \'b6 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, the imposition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 sanctions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  against Enriquez is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , as is the court\rquote s decision to deny sanctions against Enriquez\rquote s attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 By contrast, determination of the appropriate amount of the sanctions and attorney\rquote s fees remains subject to an abuse of discretion review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 2005 Guam 3 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Fleming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2003 Guam 4 \'b6 14; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Trans Pac.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2000 Guam 3 \'b6 37; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Adams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 1998 Guam 15 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab A refusal to aw
ard compensatory damages under the CPGA is subject to an abuse of discretion review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Whether the CPGA, 7 GCA Chapter 17, Applied to the Civil Action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
In evaluating this claim previously, the court found that Smith\rquote s motion was \'93essentially alleging that Enriquez\rquote s complaint was a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation, or SLAPP.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'93The CPGA is Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2008 Guam 13 \'b6 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In passing the CPGA, the Guam Legislature noted that SLAPP suits are \'93
typically dismissed as unconstitutional, but often not before the defendants are put to great expense, harassment and interruption of their productive activities[.]\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102(a)(4) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rather than simply seeking recovery for civil wrongs committed against the litigant, SLAPP lawsuits are generally \'93
used to censor, chill, intimidate, or punish citizens, businesses and organizations for involving themselves in public affairs.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102(a)(6); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see also Batzel v. Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 333 F.3d 1018, 1024 (9th Cir. 2003) (SLAPPs \'93
masquerade as ordinary lawsuits but are brought to deter common citizens from exercising their political or legal rights or to punish them for doing so.\'94 (internal quotation marks omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Generally, the anti-SLAPP movant has the burden of making a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 showing that the claims against them are based on protected petitioning activities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rusheen v. Cohen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 128 P.3d 713, 717 (Cal. 2006); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Bleavins v. Demarest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 127 Cal. Rptr. 3d 580, 585 (Ct. App. 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, once a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  showing has been made, the opposing party must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that the movant\rquote s acts are not immunized by the CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(c), (e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The portion of the CPGA relevant to this discussion states that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Acts in furtherance of the Constitutional rights to petition, including seeking relief, influencing actions, informing, communicating and otherwise participating in the processes of government, shall be immune from liability, regar
dless of intent or purpose, except where not aimed at procuring any government or electoral action, result, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155 or outcome.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17104 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Here, the parties disagree first regarding the included scope of petitioning the government.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez asserts that the CPG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 A \'93extend[s] only to communications about the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 its actions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 people and processes essential to the survival of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 democracy, etc.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 5 (Sept. 29, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In support of this contention, Enriquez }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 relies on the interpretation of Guam\rquote 
s CPGA found in Superior Court case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero v. Ji}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 CV0832-12 (Super. Ct. Guam Oct. 25, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , the trial court employed a limited reading of Guam\rquote s CPGA, reasoning that, because anti-SLAPP protections are aimed at pr
eserving legitimacy in representation and government functioning, any communication to government officials not concerning government actions or public matters necessary to the survival of democracy fall outside the scope of protection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 CV0832-12, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 at 4-7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
In reaching this conclusion, the court opined that complaints to licensing boards are not protected, since they have no value to the proper functioning of representative democracy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 at 5, 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 While helpful in evaluating the issues in dispute, a trial court decision holds \'93no precedential value\'94 over this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Bell v. Com., Cabinet for Health & Family Servs., Dep\rquote t for Cmty. Based Servs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 423 S.W.3d 742, 751 (Ky. 2014) (citation omitted); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In re Emma F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 315 Conn. 414, 432 (Conn. 2015); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 State Bd. of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Equalization v. Courtesy Motors, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 362 P.2d 134, 135 (Wyo. 1961)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, examination of the merits reveals that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  decision reached in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 is ultimately unpersuasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'93It is a cardinal rule of statutory construction that courts must look first to the language of the statute itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Absent clear legislative intent to the contrary, the plain meaning prevails.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 11 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 (citing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  Sumitomo Constr. Co. v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The CPGA explicitly defines petitioning to include \'93
seeking relief, influencing action, informing, communicating, and otherwise participating with government bodies, officials, or employees or the electorate.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102(a)(3); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  7 GCA \'a7 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This language suggests that communications with government bodies, employees, or officials aimed at influencing or informing may properly be considered petitioning triggering immunity.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 the Guam Legislature\rquote s findings and declaration of purpose emphasizes that citizen
 communications, information, reports and claims are essential to government action preserving public health and welfare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102(a)(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This declaration indicates that, in addition to protecting petitioning traditionally related to preservation of d
emocracy, the Legislature placed a strong policy interest in safeguarding communications necessary for assisting government entities in maintaining public health and welfare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Smith made a complaint to the Dental Board, a government body composed of g
overnment officials, with the intent of informing them of misconduct and influencing them to undertake the action of commencing an investigation and if appropriate, disciplinary action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 8, Ex. at 1-4 (Compl. Against Hugh Sule, DDS by Elsie Smith to
 Dr. Stanley Yasuhiro, Chairperson, Guam Board Dental Examiners); 10 GCA \'a7 12430 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, she continued to inform and communicate with the Board in assisting during the course of their investigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, Smith\rquote s commun
ication undoubtedly satisfies the definition of petitioning when analyzed under the plain meaning.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17102(a)(3), 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
rotecting communication conveying information directly to a government board relevant to its task of disciplining 
dental professionals for incompetence or unprofessional conduct is wholly consistent with the stated policy objective of assisting government entities in maintaining public health and welfare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
7 GCA \'a7 17102 (a)(2); 10 GCA \'a7 12417 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Finally, unlik
e the holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , a more comprehensive}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
examination of persuasive guidance in Superior Court case law reveals that a majority of cases applied a broad interpretation of petitioning activities consistent with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 present analysis.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rokuro Koike, Inc. v. Resort Mgmt., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, CV0288-07, at 29-42 (Super. Ct. Guam July 3, 2008) (granting CPGA immunity for complaints made to Guam Real Estate Commission); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Busker Alley}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , Inc. v. Kasperbauer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, CV1081-12, at 3-4 (Super. Ct. Guam Sept. 30, 2013) (accepting CPGA defense where defendant made public statements to police and neighbors that proposed development of a bar was immoral and illegal); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Bank of Haw. v. Dearth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, CV1332-08, at 4-8 (Super. Ct. Guam Jan. 29, 2010) (accepting CPGA defense for slander claims related to statements made to police).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Therefore, Enriquez\rquote s assertion that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'93
[s]imply finding that the complaint was not pertaining to the function of government or its democratic processes would result in denial of a CPGA motion,\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s B
r. at 14-15, is contradicted by the text and intent of the statute to cover a broad range of petitioning activities beyond those traditionally associated with the democratic process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17102, 17104; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rokuro Koike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 CV0288-07, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 at 38-42.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez also supports his contention that the CPGA immunity should be read in a limited fashion by citing to the Illinois Supreme Court case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm v. Kuecker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 962 N.E.2d 418, 431 (Ill. 2012), which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 interpreted a similar version of an anti-SLAPP statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This case established a limited view of petitioning rights under Illinois\rquote s CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 962 N.E.2d at 430-31.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
In addition, the case presented facts involving a complaint to a school board, somewhat similar to those in the present dispute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, when viewed in complete context, the facts presented in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  are materially distinguishable from those in the dispute before us.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Unlike this case, where Enriquez\rquote s lawsuit is entirely premised on communications made by Smith to the Dental Board in her complaint or in assisting with the Board\rquote 
s investigation, many of the allegedly defamatory statements made in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  were not made to a government board and occurred outside the scope of protected petitioning activities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 422-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Indeed, the defendants in that case \'93made multiple false and defamatory statements in various media. . . .
\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 423.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
This included penning articles in local publications, posting letters and publishing comments to multiple websites, and appearing on radio shows in order to disparage the reputation of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 at 423-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
While it is possible for statements made to the media to constitute protected petitioning activity when the content is aimed at informing voters to produce an electoral outcome or result, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2008 Guam 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'b6\'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2-3, 43-44, the substance of the communications in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  consisted entirely of character attacks on the plaintiff\rquote s coaching and interaction with students.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 These communications were not directed toward any government emp
loyee or entity and were entirely separate from their petitions to the school board aimed at securing government action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 962 N.E.2d at 422-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 By contrast, Smith\rquote s communications in the present suit were made directly to government officials in t
heir capacity as a government body and related directly to their duties of protecting public health and welfare.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Such conduct forms the very core of protected petitioning activity under Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17102, 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Accordingly, the reasoning in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  decision should not control this court\rquote 
s interpretation regarding the scope of Smith\rquote s petitioning rights under Guam\rquote s CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Finally, in opposing Enriquez\rquote s claim, Smith argues in the alternative that, if the court adopts the suggested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sandholm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  requirements limiting immunity to meritless and retaliatory cases, Enriquez
\rquote s claims would be meritless due to her separate immunity under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 19 GCA \'a7 2105.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 15-16 (Nov. 12, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 It was on this basis that the trial cou
rt originally granted her motion to dismiss before this court required consideration of her CPGA claims.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 35 at 1-7 (Dec. & Order, Jan. 6, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, we have already held that Smith\rquote s conduct falls within the definition of petitioning activity under Guam\rquote s CPGA statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We thus decline to address whether Smith enjoys separate immunity under 19 GCA \'a7
 2105, as it would not be necessary to a resolution of the issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
See Hemlani v. Hemlani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2015 Guam 16 \'b6 33; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Accordingly, we find that the actions taken by Smith appropriately satisfied petitioning to trigger the protections of the Guam CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Whether the Dental Board Proceedings Lacked Sufficient Due Process Protections so as to not Constitute an \'93Official Proceeding\'94
 and therefore not Fall within the CPGA , 7 GCA Chapter 17 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
The court is next faced with a dispute regarding whether the Dental Board\rquote s hearing contained due process protections sufficient to make it an official proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez seems
 to indicate that a communication not concerning a public matter and not made in an official proceeding is not entitled to immunity under the Guam CPGA, 7 GCA \'a7 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 He claims that a conflict of interest occurred because Assistant Attorney General (\'93AAG\'94) Highsmith served as both prosecuting attorney and counsel to the Dental Board.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 15-21.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Further, he alleged that the proceeding lacked a proper conflict wall between the prosecuting AAG and the AAG serving as the hearings officer, citing an alleged threat by the former to have the latter disciplined for failing to rule in his favor.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 21-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Enriquez claims that these defects denied him appropriate due process required for an official proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Enriquez\rquote 
s argument is entirely premised on the assumption that, in order to use the immunity under the CPGA, a communication must either concern a public matter related to representative government or be made to the government in an official proceeding.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 16-17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
In support of this proposition, he cites to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Macris v. Richardson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2010 Guam 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
The majority of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Macris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 opinion actually analyzes the official proceeding requirement under 19 GCA \'a7 2105 and Guam Rules of Evidence Rule 417(a)(3), not immunity under the Guam CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2010 Guam 6 \'b6\'b6 1-3, 14-24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, in briefly exploring whether the trial court\rquote 
s decision could be upheld on any alternate grounds supported by the record, this court applied its official proceeding analysis in the context of CPGA immunity, relying on a requirement under California\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  \'b6\'b6 25-29.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 While this court ultimately declined to apply Guam\rquote s CPGA to the decision in that case, we recognize that simply conducting such analysis could, when improperly interpreted, 
create the mistaken belief that Guam\rquote s CPGA contains an official proceedings requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We therefore clarify this holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Macris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  and emphasize that, unlike its California counterpart, the text of Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute contains no such requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 7 GCA Chapter 17, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \'a7 425.16(e).}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rather, the Guam CPGA extends immunity for all petitioning acts including \'93
seeking relief, influencing action, informing, communicating, and otherwise participating with government bodies, officials, or employees or the electorate.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102(a)(3).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Additionally, in the context of petitioning, \'93Government\'94 is defined broadly, including: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 a branch, department, agency, instrumentality, official, employee, agent or other person acting under
 color of law of the United States, a State, a Territory, or a subdivision of a State or Territory, including municipalities and their boards, commissions, and departments, or other public authority, including the electorate.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17103(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 It i
s clear under the Guam statute that communication seeking to influence action and convey information to the Dental Board satisfied this definition, since the Board is an administrative entity created by statute and consisting of government officials appoi
nted by the Governor of Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 10 GCA \'a7 12430. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Further, even assuming that Guam law imposed an official proceedings requirement for purposes of the CPGA, a disciplinary proceeding by the Dental Board would certainly satisfy it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 California cases interp
reting official proceedings requirements, including those contained in their version of the CPGA, have held that a proceeding within the scope of a medical board\rquote s duties is sufficient to trigger immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See Kibler v. N. Inyo Cnty. Local Hosp. Dist.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 138 P.3d 193, 196-97 (Cal. 2006); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Steed v. Dep\rquote t of Consumer Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 138 Cal. Rptr. 3d 519, 523-24 (Ct. App. 2012); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Long v. Pinto}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 179 Cal. Rptr. 182, 184 (Ct. App. 1981).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This is because, like the Dental Board in Guam, the process is authorized by statute f
or the purpose of regulating professional conduct and ensuring high standards of practice within the public health field.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 10 GCA \'a7 12435(f) (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Kibler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 138 P.3d at 196-97.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Indeed, Enriquez explicitly concedes that the Dental Board constitutes a gov
ernmental board whose actions normally constitute official proceedings for purposes of petitioning under Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Resp. & Reply Br. at 19 (Jan. 2, 2015).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Instead, Enriquez attempts to assert that due process violations made his particular proceeding so deficient as to strip it of its official proceeding status.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We reject this argument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Improprieties on the part of administrative boards may indeed result in violations of due process and give rise to possible avenues of judicial relief.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See Sule v. Guam Bd. of Dental Exam\rquote rs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2008 Guam 20 (reviewing disciplinary action imposed by the Dental Board to determine if due process violations occurred).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, so long as a Board\rquote s hearings generally satisfy the definition of an official
 proceeding, procedural deficiencies in a particular instance will not transform the nature of a proceeding for purposes of a petitioner\rquote s immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 To hold otherwise would risk chilling the first amendment rights of a citizen who petitioned a legitimate g
overnment entity in good faith and who had no control over the procedural posture of the subsequent hearing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As such, there is no reason to address the specific allegations of due process violations, since they are irrelevant to the question of whether the
 court correctly found immunity under the CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
As stated above, Smith would be entitled to immunity even, assuming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 arguendo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , that the Dental Board hearing was not an official proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17103(a), 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, we affirm that the trial court did n
ot err in finding that CPGA immunity shields Smith from liability on the basis that her communications to the Dental Board did not occur in an official proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Whether the Sham Exception Applied to the Application of the CPGA , 7 GCA Chapter 17 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab This court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  interpreted the relevant portions of this statute, holding that 7 GCA \'a7
 17104 can be divided into two sections: \'93The beginning part which ends with \lquote regardless of intent or purpose,\rquote  and the ending phrase which states \lquote except wher
e not aimed at procuring any government or electoral action, result or outcome.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2008 Guam 13 \'b6 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The first section was referred to as the \'93petitioning provision,\'94 and the second was the \'93sham exception.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As discussed above, once the moving party makes a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 prima facie}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  case regarding their petitioning activities, the opposing party must show by clear and convincing evidence that their acts are not immunized.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(c), (e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The sham exception states that protected acts of petitioning shall be immune from liability \'93except where not aimed at procuring any government or electoral action, result or outcome.\'94
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
The purpose of this exception is to ensure that petitioning is done in good faith, rather than merely serving as a mechanism to indemnify an individual for defamatory speech or interference with another.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See E. R. R. Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 365 U.S. 127, 144 (1961) (holding that a publicity campaign is a sham where it is merely an attempt to interfere with a competitor, rather than a genuine effort to influence legislation).}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The exception is designed to \'93
encompass[] situations in which persons use the governmental }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 process}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \emdash as opposed to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 outcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  of that process\emdash as an anticompetitive weapon.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2008 Guam 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'b6 38 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 City of Columbia v. Omni Outdoor Adver., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 499 U.S. 365, 380) (1991).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Omni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  described conduct fitting into this exception as \'93\lquote not genuinely aimed at procuring favorable government action\rquote  at all. . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Omni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 499 U.S. at 380 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 486 U.S. 492, 500, n.4 (1988)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, in order to prevail on a sham exception, Enriquez must prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that Smith\rquote s petitioning activity was not aimed
 at procuring any governmental result or action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Here, there can be no doubt that by reporting Dr. Sule to the Dental Board and identifying Enriquez in assistance of their investigation, Smith\rquote s communications were aimed at producing investigative and disciplinary government action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
RA, tab 8, Ex. at 1-4 (Compl. Against Hugh Sule, DDS by Elsie Smith to Dr. Stanley Yasuhiro, Chairperson, Guam Board Dental Examiners).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, the text of the sham exception within Guam\rquote s statute is satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez attempts to show that Smith\rquote s actions participating in the investigation were merely an attempt to secure a civil settlement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
However, his only allegation on this issue is that AAG Highsmith and the Dental Board made a settlement offer which included monetary compensation to Smith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 25-26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, by his own admission, \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [t]he record is unclear if Elsie [Smith]\rquote 
s counsel and AAG Highsmith discussed the specifics of a settlement proposal.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez\rquote s proffered evidence
 fails to establish that Smith was even aware of a settlement offer, let alone motivated by it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
There is nothing to suggest that her complaint to the Dental Board and subsequent assistance in their investigation was not done in good faith to further the Board\rquote 
s purpose of safeguarding professionalism and competence in the practice of dentistry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Whether or not the actions of the Dental Board were proper is irrelevant to Smith\rquote s motivation for engaging in petitioning activity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez\rquote s argument falls far short of his burden to establish the exception by clear and convincing evidence, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 which \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 must be of extraordinary persuasiveness\'94 and must be \'93
so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy. . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2008 Guam 13 \'b6 41 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Accordingly, this court holds that the sham exception does not deny Smith immunity from suit under the CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 D.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Whether the Trial Court Erred in Assessing Attorney\rquote s Fees and Sanctions Against Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Having determined that Smith is entitled to relief under the CPGA, the court must now turn to the issue of awarding attorney\rquote s fees and sanctions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Under normal circumstances, the decision of whether or not to impose sanctions is entirely discretionary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Adams}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 1998 Guam 15 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
However, the CPGA explicitly provides that the trial court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
shall award a moving party who is dismissed . . . (1) costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney . . . fees, 
incurred in connection with the motion; and (2) such additional sanctions . . . as it determines will be sufficient to deter repetition of such conduct and comparable conduct by others similarly situated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Use of the word \'93shall\'94 within t
he statute makes clear that both the imposition of sanctions and the award of attorney\rquote s fees is mandatory, rather than permissive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 1 GCA \'a7 715(9) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Reasonable fees and sanctions necessary to deter future misconduct are required, though the amount of each is left to the sound discretion of the trial court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Attorney\rquote s fees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab On the issue of attorney\rquote s fees, Enriquez does not challenge the trial court
\rquote s method of computation for determining litigation costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Rather, his protest apparently stems from the trial court\rquote 
s award of fees from December 11, 2011, to the Decision and Order dismissing his claims on May 10, 2013, as well as fees for services between May 10, 2013, and the final Decision and Order regarding attorney\rquote s fees on October 31, 2013.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 85 at 5-9 (Dec. & Order, Oct. 31, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez\rquote 
s sole contention on appeal is that the award of fees should be granted only through September 22, 2011, the date when he volunteered to withdraw his action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 26-29.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The basis of this assertion is that the award of attorney\rquote 
s fees is intended as a remedy enabling escape from an oppressive lawsuit, the precise result he attempted to ensure by moving to dismiss his own case against Smith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 at 27-28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, he claims that the actions of Smith\rquote 
s attorney had the perverse effect of opposing dismissal on the supposedly unjust suit, undermining the intention of the Legislature.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
While rhetorically clever, this argument fails upon examination of its practical effects.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Enriquez
 is correct that the ultimate goal of a motion under an anti-SLAPP statute is to free an individual from an oppressive lawsuit stemming from their protected petitioning activities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA 
\'a7 17102; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Wilkerson v. Sullivan}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 121 Cal. Rptr. 2d 275, 277 (Ct. App. 2002).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, Guam\rquote s CPGA entitles an affected party to the cost of litigating their claim and mandates sanctions to ensure that future parties are not subjected to similar suits.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17102(b)(5), 17106(g).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 When this case last came befo
re the Guam Supreme Court, we held that dismissal was insufficient precisely because Smith was entitled to have her CPGA argument considered in order to determine if she was entitled to sanctions and damages, which flowed from the CPGA statute.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Similarly, accepting Enriquez\rquote 
s offer for voluntary dismissal without a ruling on whether the case triggered CPGA protections would have been an insufficient remedy, as it would have denied her the ability to seek the fees, sanctions, and
 damages to which she was arguably entitled under 7 GCA \'a7 17106(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Thus, it would be inconsistent with the purposes of the statute to limit the recoverable attorney\rquote s fees so as to exclude a good faith attempt to recover what Smith was entitled to under the 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
To do so would erode the protections of the statute by allowing parties to bring SLAPP suits to chill petitioning actions and limit their liability for doing so by simply volunteering to dismiss their claims if their target moves to pr
otect themselves with CPGA immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Such a result would violate our mandate to liberally interpret the statute in order to protect petitioning activities to the fullest extent of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 17102(b)(1), 17108 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Accordingly, the trial court did not err in awarding attorney\rquote s fees after Enriquez\rquote 
s September 22, 2011 motion for voluntary dismissal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Sanctions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Enriquez argues that sanctions were not warranted in this case since the matter was one of first impression before this court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 He supports this claim by noting the split within the Superior Court regarding the scope of the CPGA applicability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellants\rquote  Br. at 29-30.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
He also notes that attorneys have an ethical duty to bring legitimate disputes on behalf of their clients which test the scope of the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  at 29 (citing Guam R. Prof\rquote l. Conduct 3.1, 1.2(d)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez is correct that this issue remains subject to a split of authority in Superior Court cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Leon Guerrero}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 CV0832-12, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Rokuro Koike}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , CV0288-07.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Additionally, this court has admitted that the issue is one of first impression that has yet to be decided definitively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6\'b6 14, 18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, while these arguments present a persuasive case against a finding of frivolousness, the court is obligated to follow the clear mandates of the CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As noted above, the statute explicitly orders that \'93the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  award a moving party who is dismissed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 without regards to any limit under Guam Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 . . . such additional sanctions . . . as it determines will be sufficient to deter repetition of such conduct and comparable conduct by others similarly situated.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As discussed, this language mandates the imposition of sanctions where a CPGA violation warranting dismissal is found.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 1 GCA \'a7 715(9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 While a compulsory sanction in this case may appear somewhat draconian, the legislative mandate is clear, as is their explicit instructi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 on that this court may not use the other limiting factors of Guam law to waive the imposition of such penalties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
In interpreting a similar provision in its own anti-SLAPP statute, the Georgia Court of Appeals reached the same conclusion that, while the trial court had discretion with regard to the amount, the plain meaning of the
 statute mandated the imposition of some sanction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Hagemann v. Berkman Wynhaven Assoc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 660 S.E.2d 449, 454-55 (Ga. Ct. App. 2008).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Further, while he claims that a $20,000.00 sanction is excessive, Enriquez offers no explanation on why this amount constitutes an abuse of discretion based on \'93an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Trans Pac.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2000 Guam 3 \'b6 37.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 While the amount is not insignificant, it is within the realm of reasonableness compared to anti-SLAPP sanctions in other jurisdictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  Bevan v. Meyers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
, 334 P.3d 39, 45 (Wash. Ct. App. 2014) (allowing $10,000.00 sanction plus additional sanction to deter future misconduct); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Am. Heritage Capital, LP v. Gonzalez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 436 S.W.3d 865, 881 (Tex. App. 2014) (allowing $15,000.00 sanction to deter similar actions under Texas CPA).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Indeed, courts have found that, in some circumstances, imposing sanctions too low constitutes an abuse of discretion when the statute requires a sufficient penalty to deter future misconduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See Rentz v. Dynasty Apparel Indus., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 556 F.3d 389, 400-02 (6th Cir. 2009).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As such, we do not hold that the decision to award this amount constituted an abuse of the trial court\rquote s discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 E.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cross-Appeal: Whether the Trial Court Erred in not Awarding Attorney\rquote s Fees and Costs for Work Done on Appeals that were Integral to Eventual Success on the CPGA Motion}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Having determined that awarding attorney\rquote 
s fees was proper at the trial level, the court must now address whether Smith was entitled to the cost of attorney\rquote s fees in her litigation of her prior appeal and her current appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As discussed above, the decision to award attorney\rquote 
s fees is generally reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cruz}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2005 Guam 3 \'b6 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, the CPGA guarantees the mandatory award of \'93costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney . . . fees, incurred in connection with the motion.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g)(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith argues that, because the work done on appeal was necessary to secure her succes
s on the merits of her motion and award stemming therefrom, the CPGA requires Enriquez to compensate her for these costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 32-33.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In response, Enriquez merely restates his argument that attorney\rquote s fees should not be awarded after September 22, 2011, due to his attempt to voluntarily dismiss his claim.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellant\rquote s Resp. & Reply Br. at 22-26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As this argument has been disposed of above, we will analyze whether Smith\rquote s entitlement to attorney
\rquote s fees through the pendency of trial extends to fees accrued in preparation for her appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
The trial court properly determined that the motivation of an anti-SLAPP statute is to allow wrongfully sued individuals to escape liability under an abusive legal action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17102; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Jackson v. Yarbray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 101 Cal. Rptr. 3d 303, 317 (Ct. App. 2009); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Wilkerson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 121 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 277.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
However, it does not follow that once the trial court granted a GRCP 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, Smith was no longer entitled to attorney\rquote s fees, since she was not attempting to free herself from the suit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
The Ninth Circuit as well as state and federal courts in California have held that in the context of anti-SLAPP litigation, the prevailing party is entitled to fees for appeal, since appeal is necessary to the ultimate success of their motion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See Manufactured Home Communities, Inc. v. Cnty. of San Diego}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 655 F.3d 1171, 1181 (9th Cir. 2011); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Metabolife Int\rquote 
l, Inc. v. Wornick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 213 F. Supp. 2d 1220, 1222 (S.D. Cal. 2002); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Dove Audio, Inc. v. Rosenfeld, Meyer & Susman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 54 Cal. Rptr. 2d 830, 835 (Ct. App. 1996).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This rationale is consistent with our previous holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
As noted in the previous section, this court was clear in holding that dismissal of the action is not a sufficient remedy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Enriquez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 I
ndeed, at the time of the appeal, Smith would have been unable to seek fees, sanctions, and damages under either 7 GCA 17106(g) or (h) because, in dismissing the claim against her, the trial court declined to rule on whether or not she was protected under
 the CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
There can be no doubt that her appeal was necessary to her success on her motion and to establish her entitlement to relief under Guam\rquote s anti-SLAPP legislation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab As discussed above, recovery of attorney\rquote 
s fees is limited to compensating for the cost incurred \'93in connection with the motion.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(g)(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith\rquote 
s initial appeal arguing that the trial court be compelled to address her anti-SLAPP motion on the merits, as well as her defense of the appeal in the present case are certainly covered by the statutory mandate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Additionally, because the award of attorney\rquote 
s fees and sanctions are a mandatory result of success on a CPGA motion, Smith\rquote s counterclaims regarding these issues are also sufficiently connected to her motion to warrant compensation for preparation of these arguments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, an argument seeking compensatory damages, while permitted by the statute, is discretionary and separate from the motion itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As such, the costs of preparing the counterclai
m seeking compensatory damages were not incurred in connection with the motion and are thus not recoverable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
For these reasons, we find that the trial court erred in denying Smith\rquote s request for attorney\rquote s fees associated with the appeal to this court except with regard to her discretionary counterclaim seeking compensatory damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 F.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cross-Appeal: Whether the Trial Court Erred in not Imposing a CPGA Sanction on Enriquez\rquote s Counsel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab On appeal, Smith argues that the court erred in failing to sanction Enriquez
\rquote s attorney as well as Enriquez himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
We must begin by examining whether the statute mandates sanctions upon the attorney as well as the party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The CPGA states that \'93the court shall award a moving party who is dismissed, without regards to any limit under Guam law . . . such additional sanctions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 upon the responding party, its attorneys or law firms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
 as it determines will be sufficient to deter repetition. . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7
 17106(g) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith argues that this provision requires sanct
ions upon both the responding party and its attorneys or law firms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellee
\rquote s Br. at 33-34.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
She alleges that failure to impose any sanctions upon Attorney Moylan was an error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
However, the other possible interpretation is that while this provision doe
s require that sanctions be imposed, it leaves to the discretion of the trial court whether to impose the sanction against the responding party, its attorney, or law firm based on what the court believes will sufficiently deter future repetition of SLAPP 
suits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
When determining the meaning and applicability of statutes, the court\rquote s primary task is to determine the Legislature\rquote s intent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Big Creek Lumber Co. v. Cnty. of Santa Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 136 P.3d 821, 829 (Cal. 2006).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Such inquiry necessarily begins with the language of the statute itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Pangelinan v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  2000 Guam 11 \'b6 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Based on the plain meaning, the superior grammatical interpretation is that the trial court is free to impose the mandated sanction on either the party, his attorney or law firm based on which, in the court\rquote 
s judgment, would best deter repetition of oppressive SLAPP actions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Indeed, Smith\rquote s interpretation requires us to infer the word \'93and\'94 between \'93the responding party\'94 and \'93its attorneys.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 As a general rule, principles of statutory construction disfavor interpreting a statute as if the Legislature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 was \'93ignorant of the meaning of the language it employed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 BedRoc Ltd., LLC v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 541 U.S. 176, 186-87 (2004) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Montclair v. Ramsdell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 107 U.S. 147 (2004)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 In assuming
 that the Legislature intended to state the language exactly as it is written, it appears that the trial court maintains discretion over whether or not to sanction an attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
Analysis of similarly worded sanctions provisions from other anti-SLAPP statutes offers little guidance; some explicitly allow for sanctions on one or both (the party and their attorney) while others require sanctions for both.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Compare, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , Wash. Rev. Code Ann. \'a7 4.24.525(6)(a)(iii) (West 2015) (\'93Such additional relief, inclu
ding sanctions upon the responding party and its attorneys or law firms, as the court determines to be necessary to deter repetition of the conduct and comparable conduct by others similarly situated.\'94), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  Ga. Code Ann. \'a7 9-11-11.1(b) (West 2015) (\'93If a
 claim is verified in violation of [the anti-SLAPP statute], the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  impose upon the persons who signed the verification, a represented party, or both an appropriate sanction . . . .\'94 (emphasis added)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Given this lack of clearly contrary legislative intent, we defer to the plain meaning analysis provided above.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Though the mandate that the statute be liberally construed could potentially require that sanctions be imposed against both the attorney and the part
y, it is equally likely that giving trial courts the ability to best judge what would deter future misconduct on a case-by-case basis would effectuate the goals of the statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab 
In concluding that the statute allows but does not require sanctions against a party\rquote s attorney, there is no need to address Smith\rquote s arguments about the misconduct of Attorney Moylan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 34-35.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Because the review is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , it is irrelevant whether this court believes that Attorney Moylan\rquote s conduct is deserving of sanctions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Rather, so long as it was reasonable for the trial court to find that sanctioning Enriquez $20,000.00 was sufficient to deter future SLAPP suits, there was no abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We thus hold that the court did not err by not imposing sanctions against Enriquez\rquote s attorney.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 G.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Cross-Appeal: Whether the Trial Court Erred in Denying Smith\rquote s Claim for Compensatory Damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10230155 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Under Guam law, \'93[c]ompensatory damages are \lquote 
intended to redress the concrete loss that the plaintiff has suffered by reason of the defendant\rquote s wrongful conduct.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Park v. Mobil Oil Guam, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2004 Guam 20 \'b6 13 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 (quotin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 g State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Campbell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 538}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 U.S. 408, 416 (2003)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The CPGA provides that \'93a person damaged or injured by reason of a claim filed in violation of their rights under \'a7
 17104 may seek relief in the form of a claim for actual or compensatory damages. . . .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 7 GCA \'a7 17106(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Unlike subsection (g) of this provision, claims for compensatory damages are permissive rather than mandatory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 1 GCA \'a7 715(9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, as indicated by the CPGA, the burden rests with the party allegedly harmed by a SLAPP suit to assert the claim seeking compensatory damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'93In order to conduct a meaningful review, the parties must articulate their arguments in a w
ay that allows a court to apply the recognized rules of law.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
Lamb v. Hoffman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 2008 Guam 2 \'b6 35.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab A court abuses its discretion when it \'93
bases its decision on an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Trans Pac.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 2000 Guam 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \'b6 37.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith claims that the trial court committed a misstatement of evidence warranting a finding of error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
According to her, the court erroneously concluded that she had failed to articulate the type and extent of damage or identify Enriquez\rquote s conduct as the proximate cause of her suffering despite testimony provided to the contrary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 36-37.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 This assertion seems consistent with the trial court\rquote 
s initial mischaracterization of her evidence in its October 31, 2013 Decision and Order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 85 at 11 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, Smith\rquote 
s assertions regarding her testimony provides an accurate picture of evidence in the record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Smith testified regarding her embarrassment, emotional distress, and anxiety as well as her fear for her financial situation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 8 at 3 (Decl. of Elsie Smith, Sept. 21, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
She further stated that this stress hindered her productivity at work, causing her to take time off and interrupt her schedule to hire an attorney.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 She also tied the cause of these injuries to receiving the summons and complaint at her place of business and seeing that Enriquez was seeking $500,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 These concerns were echoed in a compromise letter from Smith\rquote s attorney, which reiterated Smith\rquote s feelings of victimizati
on and anxiety as a result of the amount sought and service at her place of employment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 87, Ex. 3 at 2 (Letter from Robert Keogh to Douglas B. Moylan, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  re Proposed Compromise of Disputed Claim, Sept. 25, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Notwithstanding these facts
, the trial court maintains wide discretion in awarding compensatory damages and is not necessarily required to find these declarations persuasive, so long as it properly considers evidence in the record and makes an informed decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 It is clear on recon
sideration that the trial court specifically considered the testimonial evidence presented by Smith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 RA, tab 92 at 5 (Dec. & Order, Mar. 11, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 The court concluded that this testimony did not set forth sufficiently concrete loss and failed to quantify the extent of alleged harm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
This rationale denying an award of compensatory damages for failure to show reasonably certain monetary damages in lieu of mental suffering/embarrassment allegations finds support in other jurisdictions examining compensatory da
mages claims in anti-SLAPP suits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 See Schelling v. Lindell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , 942 A.2d 1226, 1231, 32 (Me. 2008) (\'93[T]he record must contain evidence from which damage in a definite amount may be determined with reasonable certainty. . . .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [C]laimed loss of sleep, mental su
ffering, and embarrassment are not legally sufficient . . . .\'94 (internal quotation marks omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Thus, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in declining to award compensatory damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab In light of the facts and arguments presented, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 we affirm }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
that the Superior Court did not err in dismissing Enriquez\rquote s claims due to Smith\rquote s protected status under the Guam CPGA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 We hold that Smith\rquote s action constituted petitioning, did not require an official proceeding, and was not subject to the sham exception.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Further, we affirm that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in the attorney\rquote 
s fees and sanctions imposed by the October 31, 2013 Decision and Order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
On Smith\rquote s cross-appeal, this court finds that the trial court abused its discretion in not awarding Smith attorney\rquote s fees for the appeal necessary to prevail on her CPGA claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 However, we affirm that the court did not err by not imposing sanctions against Enriquez\rquote s attorney.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 Finally, we affirm that the trial court did not abuse its
 discretion in denying compensatory damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10230155\charrsid10230155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 \tab Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 AFFIRM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 , REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  in part, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155  for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543435\charrsid10230155 
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