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{\title 2015 Guam 20}{\subject Barrett-Anderson v. Camacho, CVA14-013}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator raikatalau_l}{\creatim\yr2015\mo11\dy20\hr10\min18}{\revtim\yr2015\mo11\dy20\hr10\min18}{\printim\yr2014\mo9\dy12\hr10\min49}{\version2}
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 ELIZABETH BARRETT-ANDERSON,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF GUAM,
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
JOHN P. CAMACHO, DIRECTOR, GUAM DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND TAXATION; EDDIE BAZA CALVO, GOVERNOR OF GUAM, ATLAS AMUSEMENT ENTERPRISES, INC.; DARRYL R. STYLES D/B/A D&D GAMES; GUAM MUSIC, INC; and DOES 1-10
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Defendants-Appellees.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 DARRYL L. STYLES D/B/A D&D GAMES,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Cross-Claimant,
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 GOVERNMENT OF GUAM
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Cross-Defendant.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 PACIFIC AMUSEMENT, INC,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Intervenor-Cross-Claimant,
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
JOHN P. CAMACHO, DIRECTOR, GUAM DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND TAXATION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Cross-Defendant.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid540911 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 OPINION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15799208\charrsid5597126 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15799208\charrsid5597126 July 2, 2015
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Cite as: 2015 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12993246\charrsid5597126 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Supreme Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 CVA14-013
\par Superior Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 CV0780-13
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam

\par Argued and submitted on February 26, 2014
\par Dededo, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12539192\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard \ltrpar
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellant:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par Marianne Woloschuk, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par Assistant Attorney General
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Appearing for Defendant-Appell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 ees}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par Sandra Cruz Miller, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par Office of the Governor of Guam
\par 513 S. Marine Corps Dr.
\par Adelup, GU 96910
\par \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12539192\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8340373\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14900801\charrsid5597126 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2896573\charrsid5597126 CARBULLIDO, J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 Plaintiff-Appellant Elizabeth Barrett-Anderson, Attorney General of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8995053\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409843 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid8995053 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8995053  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8995053\charrsid8995053 By order of this court dated February }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8809569 3, 2015}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8995053\charrsid8995053  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10039374 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10039374\charrsid10039374 pursuant to Rule 23(c) of the Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8809569  Rules of Appellate Procedure,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10039374  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid8995053\charrsid8995053 Attorney General Barrett-Anderson was substituted for Leonardo M. Rapadas, who was a named party to this action in his official }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3435306\charrsid8995053 capacity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid8995053\charrsid8995053 
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  appeals the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 s dismissal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  complaint seeking a declaratory judgment as to the validity of certain regulations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 governing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  the licensing and use of electronic gaming devices }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 n Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8027828\charrsid5597126 trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 court dismissed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  lack of subject matter jurisdiction, concluding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  had failed to exhaust administrative remedies under the Administrative Adjudication Law (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 AAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 ).
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 The AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  argues that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 court erred in dismissing the action because (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8464769\charrsid5597126 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 ) the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 AAL does not ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 ply to the case or (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8464769\charrsid5597126 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 
exhaust}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 ing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 administrative remedies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  would have been futile}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 Sh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 
e also requests that this court decide the validity of the regulations in the first instance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 Defendant-Appellees John Camacho, Director of the Guam Department of Revenue and Taxation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 
), and Eddie Baza Calvo, Governor of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid882694\charrsid5597126 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 argue that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid882694\charrsid5597126 s office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  labors under a confl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid882694\charrsid5597126 ct of interest that deprives it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 of standing to bring the instant appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 They also argue that the trial court correctly concluded that it was without jurisdiction an
d that this court lacks jurisdiction to decide the validity of the regulations in the first instance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126 Defendant-Appellees Atlas Amusement Enterprises, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  and Guam Music, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173\charrsid5597126  join in asserting these arguments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16476173 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s36\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13506321\charrsid5597126 For the reasons herein, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11417630\charrsid5597126 we reverse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13506321 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 FACTUAL }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12262528\charrsid5597126 AND PROCEDURAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346\charrsid5597126 This case is the latest entry in a prolonged dispute between the AG, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 the executive branch}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346\charrsid5597126 , and owners of electronic gaming devices }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2561200\charrsid5597126 concerning }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346\charrsid5597126 the legality of the licensing and operation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2561200\charrsid5597126 such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 devices }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126  Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 The following facts are relevant to our adjudication of the present matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 On October 17, 2001, the legislature enacted Public Law 26-52, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 An Act to Repeal and Reenact \'a7 64.40 of Title 9 and \'a7 39110 of Title 22, All of the Guam Code Annotated, Relative to Illegal Cockfight.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 Guam Pub. L. 26-52 (Oct. 17, 2001).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 The law called for DRT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 to promulgate necessary rules and regulations to create a comprehensive regulatory scheme to regulate all gaming on Guam; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 provided}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 
, that the rules and regulations shall restrict gaming activities to those authorized and licensed on Guam as of August, 2001.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 P.L. 26-52:4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Pursuant to this authority, DRT filed gaming control regulations with the Legislative Secretary on January 3, 2003.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 According to the Compiler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s 2012 Note included with Title 3 Chapter 7 of the Guam Administrative }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11031576\charrsid5597126 Rules and Regulations (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11031576\charrsid5597126 GAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11031576\charrsid5597126 ), }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s submission stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 [u]pon codification of these regulations, Chapter 5 of Title 11 of the Guam Code Annotated will be repealed and re-enacted, to be replaced by these regulations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Chapter 39 of Title 22 Guam Code Annotated is hereby repealed in its entirety and re-enacted under Chapter 5 of Title 11 Guam Code Annotated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409843 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3159692 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692  The Compiler\rquote s Note goes on to say \'93
However, section 4 of Public Law 26-52 did not authorize the Department of Revenue and Taxation to repeal and reenact existing Guam law.  Section 4 of Public Law 26-52 authorized the Department of Revenue and Taxation only to \lquote promulgate 
necessary rules and regulations to create a comprehensive regulatory scheme to regulate all gaming activities on Guam.\rquote   The gaming control regulations are not codified in the Guam Code Annotated, but placed in this chapter.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11031576   (citation omitted).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9183618\charrsid5597126 3 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 AR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9183618\charrsid5597126  7, 2012 Note (2004).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The submitted regulations authorized limited gaming activities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9328250\charrsid5597126 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Guam, including the use of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 [e]lectronic gaming devices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409843 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3159692 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692  \'93Gaming device\'94
 is defined under the submitted regulations as:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li720\ri576\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin576\lin720\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 [A]ny 
equipment or mechanical, electromechanical or electronic contrivance, component or machine used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6254097  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 
remotely or directly in connection with gaming or any game which affects the result of a wager by determining win or loss. The term includes:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 (1) A slot machine.
\par (2) A collection of two or more of the following components:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li2160\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 
(A) An assembled electronic circuit which cannot be reasonably demonstrated to have any use other than in a slot machine;
\par (B) A cabinet with electrical wiring and provisions for mounting a coin, token or currency acceptor and provisions for mounting a dispenser of coins, tokens or anything of value;
\par (C) A storage medium containing the source language or executable code of a computer program that cannot be reasonably demonstrated to have any use other than in a slot machine;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li1440\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 (D) An assembled video display unit;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li2160\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 
(E) An assembled mechanical or electromechanical display unit intended for use in gambling; or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid663486 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 (F) An assembled mechanical or electromechanical unit which cannot be demonstrated to have any use other than in a slot machine;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li1440\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9983585 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 
(3) Any mechanical, electrical or other device which may be connected to or used with a slot machine to alter the normal criteria of random selection or affect the outcome of a game.
\par (4) A system for the accounting or management of any game in which the result of the wager is determined electronically by using any combination of hardware or software for computers.
\par (5) Any combination of one of the components set forth in paragraphs (A) to (F), inclusive, of subsection (2
) and any other component that the Commission determines, by regulation, to be a machine used directly or remotely in connection with gaming or any game which affects the results of a wager by determining a win or loss.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s18\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 3 GAR \'a7 7102(n)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2565885  (2003)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3159692 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  that have been registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid663486\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  or were at any time previously registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid663486\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  by the Department of Revenue and Taxation pursuant to 11 Guam Code Annotated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid663486\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  Chapter 22}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid663486\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  Article 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid663486\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  prior to August 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4788876\charrsid5597126 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9183618\charrsid5597126 
2001.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9183618\charrsid5597126 3 GAR \'a7 7114(a)(5) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5792877\charrsid5597126 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The regulations further provided that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 [a]n electronic gaming device owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s license is required for anyone owning such devices for limited gaming purposes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Each license issued pursuant to this paragraph . . . shall expire one (l) year from the date of its issuance but may be renewed upon the filing of an application for ren}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4274301\charrsid5597126 ewal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4274301\charrsid5597126 
3 GAR \'a7 7115(a)(2) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2565885\charrsid5597126 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11031576\charrsid5597126 
Pursuant to these regulations, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 he DRT issued licenses to electronic gaming device owner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11031576\charrsid5597126 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11735558\charrsid5597126 for several years.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126  2008, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126  counseled DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  that the machines being licensed were actually illegal gambling devices}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126  under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  11 GCA \'a7 22202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8992307\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8992307\charrsid5597126 That law states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 No slot machine or amusement device set to make progressive or automatic payouts }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  be licensed under this Section.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 No gambling devices as defined in 9 GCA \'a7 64.20(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8409843 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3018867 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3018867\charrsid5525416 Gambling device is defined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16284166 in the Guam Code Annotated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid5525416 as \'93
any coin operated device which, when operated, may return winnings (other than free games not redeemable for cash) of value to the user based partially or completely upo
n chance, by the operation of which a person may become entitled to receive winnings of value. . . . [including] any slot machines, video poker machines and other machines or devices which afford the opportunity of winnings, payouts, malfunction refunds t
o the player, or giving the player or user anything of value under any guise or form based partially or completely upon chance.\'94  9 GCA \'a7 64.20(b) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2183973\charrsid5525416 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid2183973 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid5525416 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  shall be licensed under this 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10161289\charrsid5597126 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 tion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 11 GCA \'a7
 22202 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9189600\charrsid5597126 as amended by P.L. 29-002:15 (May 18, 2007}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5525416\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 DRT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 agreed with the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 s conclusion and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 sent notices to electronic gaming device license holders, including}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126  Guam Music Inc. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126 GMI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 that it would not be renewing their licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
Shortly after, the Acting Governor of Guam issued a directive to John Camacho, then acting Director of DRT, ordering him to issue the licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The licenses were issued immediately.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 In response, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10560346\charrsid5597126 AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  filed a Petition for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Writ of Mandamus in the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 
seeking }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 to compel DRT to revoke the licenses}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 The petition was granted and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  GMI filed a motion seeking to intervene and stay the enforcement of the order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 GMI also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 filed its own Petition for Writ of Mandamus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 , seeking to compel DRT to reissue the licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid615240\charrsid5597126 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 everal years of litigation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid615240\charrsid5597126  followed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 , including multiple appeals to this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  and remands to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9183618\charrsid5597126 See L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 
imtiaco v. Camacho}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 , 2009 Guam 7; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 Rapadas v. Benito}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 , 2011 Guam 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 
On April 2, 2013, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6634374\charrsid5597126 dispute was apparently resolved}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15279054\charrsid5597126 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 GMI, DRT, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5525416\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  entered a Stipulation and Order for Dismissal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Stipulation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14689131\charrsid5597126  in Rapadas v. Camacho, SP0141-08,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  agreeing to dismiss the cases.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 In the Stipulation, the parties stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 at this stage of the proceedings, the Office of the Attorney General is counsel of record for both Petitioner [}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5525416\charrsid5597126 AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11738714\charrsid5597126 ] and Respondent [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 DRT].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14689131\charrsid5597126 
Rapadas v. Camacho, SP0141-08, (Stipulation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 & Order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14689131\charrsid5597126 
at 2-3, Apr.2, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
On July 9, 2013, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 the legislature enacted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 Public Law 32-060.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14689131\charrsid5597126 P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 L. 32-060 (Jul}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5443618\charrsid5597126 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 9, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
Section 1 of the bill, Legislative Findings and Intent, referenced DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
s 2003 regulations and stated that it was the intent of the legislature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
to place in statute the policy of regulating gaming activities allowed by law [and] collecting fees and taxes that would be due from duly licensed operators.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 P.L. 32-060:1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 It also added \'a7 5205, entitled Limited Gaming Activities \emdash  Authorized and Unauthorized, to Title 11 of the Guam code, which reads, in relevant part: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5597126\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The following are the only limited gaming activities authorized in Guam under this Act:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5597126 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 (1) Bingo or lottery that is conducted by a tax exempt non-profit organization as authorized in Title 9, Guam Code Annotated, \'a7 64.70(b);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
(2) Cockfighting that is conducted at a licensed cockpit, and that all wagers are present at the cockpit, as authorized in Title 9, Guam Code Annotated, \'a7 64.40; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
(3) Carnival or Liberation Day gaming, as authorized in \'a7 64.62; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 (4) All other limit
ed gaming activities as authorized pursuant to statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 11 GCA \'a7 5205}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5443618\charrsid5597126 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5443618\charrsid5597126 as amended by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 P.L. 32-060:2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5443618\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
On August 15, 2013, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  filed suit for declaratory }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 relief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  against t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 he Director of DRT and Governor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Calvo (collectively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 ) and electronic gaming device license holders}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126  GMI,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  Atlas Amusement Enterprise, Inc. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Atlas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 ), }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126 Darryl Styles d/b/a D&D Games (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126 D&D}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid875288\charrsid5597126 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 and unnamed license holders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The complaint alleged that DRT, under directive of the Governor, issued 217 licenses to electronic gaming device owners in April 2013 and continued to issue licenses after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 the AG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 advised DRT to refrain from issuing licenses and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 revoke outstanding licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The complaint sought a judgment declaring (1) that DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s 2003 regulations concerning the licensing of electronic gaming devices were void and without force or effect}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14091730\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
 and (2) that P.L. 32-060 did not make those regulations valid and that Guam law continued to prohibit the licensing of electronic gaming devices.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3018867 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid9985699 
D&D filed a cross-claim against the Government of Guam through DRT.    D&D\rquote s claim concerned the provision in DRT\rquote s 2003 regulations requiring electronic gaming devices to have been previously registered prior to August 1, 2001 in order }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867 to be registered.    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid9985699 D&D sought a judgment decla
ring this provision to be unconstitutional for depriving D&D of equal protection and due process.  Pacific Amusement, Inc. (\'93Pacific\'94
), another owner of electronic gaming devices, intervened in the action and filed a cross-claim against DRT, seeking a similar judgment declaring the prov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867 ision to be unconstitutional. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12461122\charrsid5597126 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12461122\charrsid5597126 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12461122\charrsid5597126 ), tab 7 at 9 (First Amended Compl., Aug. 15, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 12}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
DRT moved to dismiss the action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  asse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 rting, among other things, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126 the AG should have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126 sought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  a declaration from DRT regarding the validity of the r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 egulations prior to commencing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126  an action in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 RA, tab 58 at 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  (Dec. & Order, Mar. 21, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 DRT also argued that the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s office was disqualified from participating in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 case}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126  because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11738714\charrsid5597126 the AG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 previously represented DRT in the matter when filing the April 2, 2013 Stipulation and Order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16284166\charrsid5597126 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
he trial court granted the motion and dismissed the case without prejudice for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126 lack of subject matter jurisdiction based on the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15098608\charrsid5597126 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
failure to exhaust administrative remedies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3018867 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid9985699 The court also dismissed without prejudice Pacific\rquote s cross-claim, as Pacific requested }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867 relief only in the case that DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867\charrsid9985699 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3018867\charrsid9985699  motion to dismiss was not granted and, furthermore, Pacific had not exhausted administrative remedies in regards to the relevant provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3018867   RA, tab 58 at 9 (Dec. & Order).}}}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 . at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6254097\charrsid5597126 8-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 The court did not address DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 s arguments regarding disqualification of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11738714\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11738714\charrsid5597126 s office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3159692\charrsid5597126 
This appeal followed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9967769 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 
This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 48 U.S.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid798359\charrsid5597126 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 
 \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16601175\charrsid5597126 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15952167\charrsid5597126 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126  (201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16601175\charrsid5597126 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 )) and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964\charrsid5597126 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  & 3108(a) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid798359\charrsid5597126 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11738714 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3505215\charrsid5597126 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3505215 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7486008\charrsid5597126 
Our review of whether a party has standing is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7486008\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7486008\charrsid5597126 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 We review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 s interpretation of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 s Administration Adjudication Law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16601175\charrsid5597126 
See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4274301\charrsid5597126 Guam Fed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4274301\charrsid5597126 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  of Teachers ex rel. Rector v. Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 , 2005 Guam 25 \'b6 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Whether a plaintiff has exhausted the required administrative remedies is a question of law reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Guam Fed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4274301\charrsid5597126 n of Teachers v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 , 2013 Guam 14 \'b6 26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6452964 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6838013\charrsid5597126 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6838013\charrsid5597126 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 The AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 
s Standing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6647963 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 As a threshold matter, we must first address DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 s argument that the AG lacks standing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 DRT argues that the AG, in bringing the action that is the subject of this appeal, is laboring under a conflict of interest in violation of Rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 s 1.7 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  1.9 of the Guam Rules of Professional Conduct (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 GRPC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 ) and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8027828\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 he therefore lacks standing to bring the instant appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 We are not persuaded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Standing is a thresh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 old jurisdictional matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Thus, we have held that a court has no subject matter jurisdiction to hear a claim when a pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 rty lacks standing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 The question of standing focuses o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 n who may bring an action.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 In es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 sence, the relevant inquiry is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 
whether the litigant is entitled to have the court decide the merits of the dispute or of particular issues.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 Benavente v. Taitano}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 , 2006 Guam 15 \'b6
 14 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 
[A] party acquires standing either by suffering an injury in fact or as the beneficiary of express statutory au}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8206828\charrsid5597126 thority granting standing.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Where standing is statutorily conferred, the court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 
s analysis begins with a straight statutory construction of the relevant statute to determine upon whom the Legislature conferred standing and whether the [parties] here fall in that category.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3609844\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3609844\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 18-19 (citations }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3609844\charrsid5597126 and internal quotation marks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Our review of whether a party has standing is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 , 200}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16601175\charrsid5597126 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  Guam 26 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 As DRT acknowledges in its brief, 7 GCA \'a7 25104 grants an aggrieved party with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 the right to appeal, and the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  was aggrieved by th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 e trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 s dismissal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126  action for declaratory relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 s Br. at 10 (July 31, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10188562\charrsid5597126 Furthermore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126  as we discuss below, the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10188562\charrsid5597126  action is g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 overned by the AAL, and the AG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10188562\charrsid5597126 has the inherent power to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 
bring an action under the AAL challenging an agency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 
s rules and regulations on behalf of the citizens of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14250169\charrsid5597126 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 Territory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid15597970\charrsid5597126 5 GCA \'a7 30103}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 (2005) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 The Attorney General shall have . . . the right to . . . bring action on behalf of the Territory repr
esenting the citizens as a whole for redress of grievances which the citizens individually cannot achieve, unless expressly limited by any law of Guam to the contrary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8666009\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10188562 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid10775349\charrsid5597126 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Nonetheless, DRT argues that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 lacks standing due to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 alleged GRPC violations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 , citing to the Ninth Circuit case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Lenhard v. Wolff}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 , 603 F.2d 91 (9th Cir. 1979)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid12283552\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  for the proposition that this court may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 sua sponte}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  disqualify the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s office for lack of standing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 That case involved a felon on death row who had discharged his attorneys in order to represent himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  at 92.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Those discharged attorneys attempted to bring a stay of execution and an appeal from the denial of a writ of habeas corpus without the felon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s permission.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 The court concluded that the
 attorneys had no standing to pursue a stay or appeal, as the felon was competent to discharge them and was no longer their client, and thus denied the stay and dismissed the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  at 93.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 The court did not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 disqualify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  the attorneys but rather concluded that they had previously been discharged and therefore could not initiate a case that the interested party did not want initiated.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126  at 92-93.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 Thus, the case is not instructive with regard to the instant appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 
Contrary to DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s assertions, standing concerns a party}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s relationship to a dispute, not an attorney}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8997172\charrsid5597126 unsupported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 contention that a conflict of interest on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3609844\charrsid5597126 the part of an attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126  leads to a lack of standing i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8809569\charrsid5597126 therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006\charrsid5597126 incorrect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8809569\charrsid5597126 Without deciding whether any G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8809569\charrsid5597126 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8809569\charrsid5597126  violations have occurred, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid8809569\charrsid5597126 conclude that we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 
have jurisdiction to consider the instant appeal irrespective of DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 s argument that the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 s office should be disqualified.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid3346190 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3346190  The proper vehicle for adjudicating DRT\rquote s allegations that the AG\rquote s office has vio
lated the GRPC is a motion to disqualify filed in the trial court.  Since no such motion was filed, and the court made no ruling as to disqualification, that issue is not before us at this time.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid13517006 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3346190\charrsid5597126 Administrative Exhaustion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2301305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14289988\charrsid5597126 Application of the AAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14289988 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Since DRT}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 s jurisdictional argument is unavailing, we proceed to the merits of the appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The AG claims that the tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 ial court improperly dismissed the case for failure to exhaust administrative remedies under the AAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
She first argues that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14818217\charrsid5597126 , contrary to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14818217\charrsid5597126 s conclusion otherwise,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  the AAL is not applicable to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 We disagree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The AG filed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  action for declaratory relief pursuant to 7 GCA \'a7
 26801, which provides in relevant part:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Any person . . . who desires a declaration of his r
ights or duties with respect to another . . . may, in cases of actual controversy relating to the legal rights and duties of the respective parties, bring an action in the court having jurisdiction for a declaration of his rights and duties in the premise
s . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 7 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126  \'a7 26801 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The trial court determined, however, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16274307\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 s action was governed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 9309 of the AAL, which provides that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
(a) The validity of any rule may be determined upon petition for a declaratory judgment thereon addressed to the Superior Court of Guam, whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1907703\charrsid5597126 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  it appears that the rule, or its threatened application, interferes with or impairs, or threatens to interfere with or impair the legal rights or privileges of the petitioner.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The agency shall be made a party to the proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
The declaratory judgment may be rendered only after the petitioner has first requested the agency to pass upon the validity of the rule in question and the agency has so ruled or has failed to rule within ninety (90) days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
(b) The court shall declare the rule invalid if it finds that it violates provisions of law, exceeds the statutory authority of the agency or was adopted without compliance with statutory rule-making procedures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 5 GCA \'a7 9309 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
The preceding section of the AAL, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1407492\charrsid5597126 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
9308, allows for any interested person to petition any agency directly for a declaratory ruling concerning its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3018867\charrsid5597126 regulations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 \'a7 9308}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 On petition of any interested person, any agency may issue a declaratory ruling with respect to the applicability to any person, property or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1126629\charrsid5597126 state of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 facts of any rule or statute enforceable by it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12283552\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The trial court concluded that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12283552\charrsid5597126 [b]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 ecause [}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16274307\charrsid5597126 the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 ] failed to exhaust [h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16274307\charrsid5597126 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
] administrative remedies by failing to request Defendant DRT to pass on the validity of 3 [GAR] \'a7 7114(a)(5), this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  and dismissed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10054013\charrsid5597126 the case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  without prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6254097\charrsid5597126 
RA tab 58 at 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
On appeal, the AG argues that 7 GCA \'a7 26801 is the proper vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3955300\charrsid5597126 in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
This issue presents a question of statutory interpretation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 
When interpreting a statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 the plain language of a statute must be the starting point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9967769\charrsid5597126 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 Our task is to determine whether the language is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 plain and unambiguous}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126  by reference to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 the language itself, the specific context in which that language is used, and the broader context of the statute as a whole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3488740\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 Id (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 Robinson v. Shell Oil Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 , 519 U.S. 337, 340 (1997)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
[I]n expounding a statute, we must not be guided by a single sentence or member of a sentence, but look to the provisions of the whole law, and to its object and policy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Sumitomo Const}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3418017\charrsid5597126 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 ., Co. v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17 (quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 This court reviews a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 s interpretation of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 s Administration Adjudication Law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1126629\charrsid5597126 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1126629\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Guam Fed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 n of Teachers ex rel. Rector v. Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 , 2005 Guam 25 \'b6 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
Read in isolation, 7 GCA \'a7 26801 appear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8027828\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
 to provide the AG with an avenue to challenge the regulatory scheme without the need to seek administrative remedies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 But, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 the lang
uage of [a] statute cannot be read in isolation, and must be examined within its context . . . [which] includes looking at . . . other related statutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Aguon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6 9 (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Section 9309 of the AAL allows a court to declare an agency rule invalid if it finds that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
violates provisions of law, exceeds the statutory authority of the agency or was adopted without compliance with statutory rule-making procedures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 5 GCA \'a7 9309(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 This is the exact relief sought by the AG.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Allowing her to proceed under the more general action for declaratory relief found at 7 GCA \'a7
 26801 would ignore the context of a comprehensive statutory scheme that provides specifically for challenges}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126  to agency rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
California courts have recognized this in stating that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
[t]he doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies may not be circumvented by bringing . . . actions for declaratory relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Bleeck v. State Bd. of Optometry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 , 95 Cal. Rptr. 860, 871 (Ct. App. 1971).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
Reading the AAL holistically, we conclude that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3418017\charrsid5597126 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
9308 of the AAL }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126 provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126  the mechanism for challenging}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126  the validity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2033267\charrsid5597126 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126 agency rule }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126 by petitioning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126  the relevant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126 agency through its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  prescribed procedures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Section 9309}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2033267\charrsid5597126 , in turn,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126 provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2033267\charrsid5597126 the mechanism }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126 for challenging the validity of an agency rule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid603418\charrsid5597126  in the Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11872408\charrsid5597126 subject to the administrative exhaustion requirement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126 As the AG sought to challenge the validity of DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7500843\charrsid5597126 s gaming device regulations in the Superior Court, her action was governed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14818217\charrsid5597126 the AAL}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14818217\charrsid5597126 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 Section 9309.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 In
 urging us to conclude otherwise, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 he AG argues }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 
that our decision should be controlled by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Hawaii Supreme Court case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 Citizens Against Reckless Dev.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  v. Zoning Bd. of Honolulu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 , 159 P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 3d 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 3 (Haw. 2007).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 In that case, the court held that the declaratory ruling procedure of Hawaii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s Administrative Procedure Act was not meant to be used to challenge already-made agency decisions.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  at 156.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 
In coming to this conclusion, the court stressed that the relevant statute provided for a petition for a declaratory ruling as to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16416215\charrsid5597126 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 applicability of any rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 
Because Section 9308, by its terms, also provides for a ruling with respect to the applicability of any rule, the AG argues that the same reasoning applies to the AAL. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 We do not find this authority to be persuasive in this context.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 First, the plaintiffs in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Citizens}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  were not challenging the validity of a rule but a specific zoning decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  at 155.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 They were afforded an opportunity to appeal that decision but failed t
o timely do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 The court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s holding effectively prevented the plaintiffs from circumventing the timeliness rules.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8001555\charrsid5597126 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8001555\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8001555\charrsid5597126 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  at 160.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Here, DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s issuance of electronic gaming device licenses is not the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126  type of already}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16416215\charrsid5597126 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8409843\charrsid5597126 made decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 , since it is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16416215\charrsid5597126 an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 ongoing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16416215\charrsid5597126  practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  rather than a specific agency decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Second, the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s rationale in deciding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Citizens}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  was specific to Hawaii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s statutory scheme governing administrative law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Although Section 9308 of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s AAL uses the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 applicability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  in its text, it is entitled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Petition: Declaratory Ruling on Validity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 
Read in context with Section 9309, it is clear that Section 9308 is the mechanism for requesting an agency ruling on validity that Section 9309 requires to be exhausted prior to seeking a judicial determination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Hawaii}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 
s administrative law scheme is distinguishable because it does not require administrative exhaustion before seeking a judicial determination on the validity of an agency rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Haw. Rev. Stat. \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8001555\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8001555\charrsid5597126 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 -7 (2015) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 
Any interested person may obtain a judicial declaration as to the validity of an agency rule . . . by bringing an action against the agency in the circuit court of the county in which petitioner resides or has its principal place of business.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 The action ma
y be maintained whether or not petitioner has first requested the agency to pass upon the validity of the rule in question.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Thus, the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 s reasoning in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 Citizens}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126  does not apply to Guam and the instant appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1065016\charrsid5597126 Accordingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 , we reject the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488\charrsid5597126 s conte
ntion that the trial court erred in refusing to consider the case as a general action for declaratory relief under 7 GCA \'a7 26801.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12846488 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2248509\charrsid5597126 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
The Futility Exception}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 Having}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3435306\charrsid5597126  determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126  that the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 
s action was governed by the AAL, we next consider whether the trial court properly concluded that it was without jurisdiction due to the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 s failure to satisfy the administrative exhaustion requirements of Section 9309.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408\charrsid5597126 The AG admits that it did not petition DRT for a ruling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2100018\charrsid5597126 
regarding the validity of the relevant regulations, but argues that her failure to do so was excused by the futility exception to the doctrine of administrative exhaustion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2100018\charrsid5597126 We agree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 
The doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies is well established in the jurisprudence of administrative law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 The doctrine provides that no one is entitled to judicial relief for a supposed or threatened injury until the prescribed administrative remedy has been exhausted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Woodford v. Ngo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 , 548 U.S. 81, 88-89 (2006) (citation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12081783\charrsid5597126 and internal quotation marks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12081783\charrsid5597126 itted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6253830\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6971164\charrsid5597126 
We have previously explained the reasoning behind this doctrine:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6253830 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 The basic purpose . . . is to lighten the burden of overworked courts in cases where administrative remedies are available.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 
A second justification for upholding the doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies is . . . that even where the administrati
ve remedy may not provide the specific relief sought by a party or resolve all the issues, exhaustion is preferred because agencies have the specialized personnel, experience and expertise to unearth relevant evidence and provide a record which a court ma
y review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6253830\charrsid5597126 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Carlson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 , 2007 Guam 6 \'b6 69 (citation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12081783\charrsid5597126 internal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2100018 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 
Generally, when a statute requires exhaustion of administrative remedies, a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 
s failure to exhaust deprives the court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 S
ee DFS Guam L.P. v. A.B. Won Pat Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 l Airport Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 , 2014 Guam 12 \'b6 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Certain judicially recognized exceptions, however, apply to the doctrine of administrative exhaustion that can confer jurisdiction on a court despite a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 s failure to exhaust.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 One such exception is the futility exception.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Under the futility exception, a party need not exhaust administrative remedies if the record reflects that it would be futile to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 Blaz v. Cruz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 
, No. C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8280902\charrsid5597126 iv. App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126 . 84-0014A, 1985 WL 56592}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid91102\charrsid5597126  at *4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2574195\charrsid5597126  (D. Guam App. Div. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8280902\charrsid5597126 Apr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 29, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14818217\charrsid5597126 1985).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 
Whether a plaintiff has exhausted the required administrative remedies is a question of law reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 Guam Fed}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11947684\charrsid5597126 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 of Teachers v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 , 2013 Guam 14 \'b6 26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
The AG argues that the futility exception applies in this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126  case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
 because DRT has already made it clear through its action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
 that it considers the relevant regulations to be valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s18\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid9909258 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258  We note that the futility exception was not substantially briefed below.  Nonetheless, the AG did argue in its oppo
sition to the motion to dismiss that any attempt to exhaust administrative remedies would be futile; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258\charrsid9909258 RA, tab 41 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258\charrsid9909258  (Pl. Opp. Mot. Dismiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258 , Dec. 2, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258\charrsid9909258 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258 
; and, therefore, the issue is sufficiently preserved on appeal.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
Specifically, the AG points to two letters sent by the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 s office to DRT.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
The first advised DRT that the licensing of electronic gaming devices was prohibited by law and request}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126  that DRT immediately revoke outstanding licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 RA, tab 41 at Ex. A (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6253830\charrsid5597126 Mem.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6254097\charrsid5597126  Apr. 11, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 The second sought DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 s position with regard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 to the legality of the licenses, stating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 
If we do not hear otherwise from you, this Office will assume that it is now you[r] position that the gaming devices are legal and you will, therefore, be issuing new licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 
" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 RA, tab 41 at Ex. B (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid741537\charrsid5597126 Mem.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6254097\charrsid5597126 , June 3, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 It is undisputed that DRT did not reply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 to the letters }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9053144\charrsid5597126 and continued to issue licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1120408 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 
We agree with the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s argument}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3435306\charrsid5597126  that it would have been futile to exhaust its administrative remedies}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s actions in the face of the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s advisements clearly demonstrate that it believes the relevant regulations to be valid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 Indeed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126  DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s counsel admitted at oral }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 argument for this appeal that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s position is that the regulations are valid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126  and that the issuance of electronic gaming device licenses is lawful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9114660\charrsid5597126 Oral Argument at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7028682\charrsid5597126 10:44-10:46 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9114660\charrsid5597126 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid741537\charrsid5597126 Feb. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9114660\charrsid5597126 26, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 Accordingly, any attempt by the AG }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 to challenge the regulations}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126  validity at the agency level }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 would have been futile.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 Therefore, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 doctrine of administrative exhaustion does not apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8027828\charrsid5597126 trial court has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126  subject matter jurisdiction to consider the merits of the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 
request }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 for declaratory relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9909258\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid9909258 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258  Because we agree that the futility exception applies, we need not c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1391597 onsider the argument that t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1391597  AG\rquote s office}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9909258  implicitly complied with Section 9309\rquote s requirement of administrative exhaustion.}}}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238\charrsid5597126 Validity of the Regulations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16342238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 
Finally, the AG asks this court to decide the validity of the relevant regulations in the first instance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 We are not inclined to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 
The AG argues that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8027828\charrsid5597126 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 
appropriate for this court to decide the issue in the first }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16581636\charrsid5597126 instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126  because the question of the regulations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126  validity is purely one of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 Although we agree with the AG that it would be within our power to do so,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2565885 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid12453863 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863  DRT\rquote s argument that we cannot decide the validity of the regulations pursuant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12453863\charrsid12453863 7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid9983585  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863\charrsid12453863 4104, which affords this court with jurisdiction to grant declaratory judgments request}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1391597 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863\charrsid12453863  by the governor or legislatur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863 e, is a non-sequitur, as the AG}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12453863\charrsid12453863  has not sought relief pursuant to that statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863 .  Rather, the AG asks us to decide the issue in exercising our appellate jurisdiction over the trial court\rquote 
s disposal of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10054013 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12453863  action.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 
 we have demonstrated a general policy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 to allow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 
 the trial court to decide issues before it in the first instance, even questions of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid91102\charrsid5597126 , e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid91102\charrsid5597126 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126  Enriquez v. Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 , 2012 Guam 15 \'b6 19 (determination of whether plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 s actions fell within purview of Citizen Participation in Government Act should be made by trial court in first instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid91102\charrsid5597126 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 Gutierrez v. GPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 , 2013 Guam 1 \'b6
 60 (leaving to trial court to decide in first instance question of whether income approach was appropriate method of compensation in temporary taking case).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126 In accordance with this policy, we choose instead to remand the case to the trial court to re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2517364\charrsid5597126 solve in the first instance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11485225\charrsid5597126  the validity of the regulations and any corresponding factual issues.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12453863 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858\charrsid5597126 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7019858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597126\charrsid5597126 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5597126\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7427433\charrsid5597126 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9983585\charrsid5597126 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 Accordingly, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 s decision granting DRT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5597126 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 s motion to dismiss is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 REVERSED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126  and we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453863\charrsid5597126  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11042472\charrsid5597126 the matter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2652302\charrsid5597126 to the trial court for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5467324\charrsid5597126 

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