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{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
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{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
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{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13970909 \chftnsepc 
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\insrsid13970909 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid13970909 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid326\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid13970909\sftnbj {\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid15286257 Hemlani v. Hemlani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 
, 2015 Guam 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid15286257 , Opinion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf15\insrsid13970909\charrsid8925090 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623 Page }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2038916 17}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs34\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2038916 17}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs34\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\expnd12\expndtw60\cf15\insrsid13970909\charrsid8925090  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13970909\charrsid6513623 

\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s30\qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s24\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs18\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 REKHA HEMLANI,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 KISHORE HEMLANI,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Defendant-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.: CVA14-018
\par Superior Court Case No.: CV1980-10
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 April 29, 2015
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Cite as: 2015 Guam 16
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on October 31, 2014
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid13970909\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thomas M. Tarpley, Jr., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thomas McKee Tarpley, P.C.\tab 
\par GCIC Bldg.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 414 W Soledad Ave., Ste. 904\tab 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Daniel J. Berman, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin5040\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Berman, O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Connor, & Mann}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bank of Guam Bldg.
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa, Ste. 503
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid13970909\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil 
\cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 TORRES, C.J.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
This case centers on a promissory note signed by Defendant-Appellant Kishore Hemlani (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
) in favor of Plaintiff-Appellee Rekha Hemlani (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ) and Moti Hemlani.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid13970909 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499 
The copy of the note that is part of the record on appeal is not entirely clear as to the name of the second payee and appears to say MotiHo. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499 However, subsequent pleadings and evidence presented by the parties suggest that the second payee was in fact Moti Hemlani, the late husband of Rekha. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  (Oct. 3, 2014)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94), tab 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499  (Def. Kishore Hemlani Decl., Jan. 13, 2011); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 RA, tab 98, Ex. 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid13574499  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14878055 (Check, Feb. 26, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore appeals the three separate decision and orders (1) denying his cross-motion for summary judgment, (2) granting Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s motion for reconsideration and entering summary judgment in her favor, and (3) denying his motion for relief from the amended judgment and to stay enforcement thereof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore claims that the tria
l court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of Rekha by failing to consider evidence which created a dispute of material fact and by improperly concluding that Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s declaration sufficiently satisfied her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 prima facie}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  burden for recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore further argues that the court impermissibly refused to allow withdrawal of admissions attributed to him for failure to timely respond to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s requests for admissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Finally, Kishore asserts that the trial court did not have jurisdiction to resolve the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  dispute, as their agreement was void due to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s failure to possess a required business license at any time prior to bringing this suit, including the time the note was executed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 For the reasons stated herein, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Factual and Procedural Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 {\*\bkmkstart SDU_516}[2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
This case arises from an action to recover money due upon a promissory note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
According to the note, Rekha and Moti extended a loan of $270,000.00 to Kishore, who executed the promissory note in their favor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha initiated the present action for breach of contract and recovery on the note based on Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s alleged failure to pay the debt when it became due and following her unsuccessful attempts to secure payment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Kishore answered and, while conceding that his name and signature appeared on the promissory note, denied owing any debt to Rekha under the instrument and argued that the loan agreement was void because Rekha lacked the proper business lice
nse to enter into such an agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
During the discovery period, Kishore failed to timely respond to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s interrogatories, request for production, and request for admissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
After the discovery period closed, both parties moved for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Months later, well after discovery closed, Kishore served his responses to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s discovery requests}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
The Superior Court thereafter issued a Decision and Order denying the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 cross-motions for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion was denied o
n the basis that the note had not been submitted in an admissible form to be evaluated as evidence supporting summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The decision also rejected Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s argument that the agreement was void, finding that the loan in this case did not constitute a regulated consumer loan and thus did not require a business license. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Thereafter, Rekha brought a Motion for Reconsideration or Relief from the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Decision and Order denying her Motion for Summary Judgment, arguing that the court had overlooked her October 6, 2011 declaration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 authenticating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  the unpaid promissory note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In opposition to this motion, Kishore submitted his own affidavit attesting, for the first time in the litigation, that Rekha was no longer the holder of the note, having r
eturned it to him and discharged the debt in exchange for another note (valued at $45,000.00) and payment of $100,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore attached both the check and new promissory note to his affidavit, neither of which were signed by Rekha.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In her reply, Rekha objected, claiming that this argument constituted an affirmative defense which Kishore had waived by failing to raise it in his answer.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
In addition, she supplied additional declarations from herself and her daughter disputing the assertions in Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s affidavit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
The court reconsidered its decision and granted summary judgment in favor of Rekha, finding that the note was properly authenticated and entitled her to recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Judgment was entered on October 31, 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Based on Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s motion to reconsider the award of post-judgment interest and compounded interest, which was unopposed by Rekha, an amended judgment was entered. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Kishore timely moved for relief from the amended judgment and to stay enforcement thereof under Guam Rules of Civil Procedure (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 GRCP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
) Rule 60(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
He argued that the court had ignored evidence which created a dispute of material fact regarding whether or not Rekha remained the holder of the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In response, Rekha again asserted that the evidence introduced in Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s opposition to reconsideration merely supported a waived affirmative defense that could not be considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
She also reiterated her argument that Kishore had already admitted she was the holder of the note by failing to respond to her earlier requests for admissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore replied that admissions could not be used to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 trump a sham lawsuit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  perpetrated by Rekha to seek recovery on a note she did not hold.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 He also characterized several pages of his opposition to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion for summary judgment as a GRCP 36(b) motion to withdraw admissions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The trial court denied Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion, finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [t]he basis for [Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s] motions is an affirmative defense not pleaded in [his] Answer, which is only supported by evidence that was not properly brought forward during discovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 To grant the motions would greatly prejudice [Rekha] . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ), tab 142 at 4 (Dec. & Order, May 15, 2014).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Kishore timely filed a notice of appeal challenging the Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s decisions and orders (1) denying his cross-motion for summary judgment, (2) granting Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion for reconsideration and entering summary judgment in her favor, and (3) denying his motion for relief from the amended judgment and to stay enforcement thereof. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab This court has jurisd
iction over appeals from final judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 113-296 (2014)), and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b) and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This is an appeal of a final judgment issued by the Superior Court on May 15, 2014. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Standard of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 {\*\bkmkend SDU_516}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab We review a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s decision granting a motion for summary judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6 11; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Zahnen v. Limtiaco}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2008 Guam 5 \'b6 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Whether being the holder of the promissory note is an essential element of Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s action is considered a question of law, which is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 People v. Rios}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2008 Guam 22 \'b6 8 (holding that questions of law are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 FFP Mktg. Co. v. Long Lane Master Trust IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 169 S.W.3d 402, 407 (Tex. App. 2005) (determining whether UCC applies to allow holder recovery on a negotiable instrument was a question of law).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s denial of a GRCP 60(b) motion for relief is reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Parkland Dev., Inc. v. Anderson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2000 Guam 8 \'b6 5.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab The Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s denial of a motion to withdraw admissions under GRCP 36 is subject to an abuse of discretion review on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Conlon v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 474 F.3d 616, 621 (9th Cir. 2007) (applying abuse of discretion review to denial of a motion to withdraw admissions under analogous federal rule); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
999 v. C.I.T. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  776 F.2d 866, 869 (9th Cir. 1985).

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab The trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s determination regarding Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s possession of a business license and interpretation of applicable licensing requirements for the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  agreement present mixed questions of law and fact subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Att}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
y Gen. of Guam v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2011 Guam 10 \'b6 18 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Town House Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 t Stores, Inc. v. Ahn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2000 Guam 29 \'b6 6); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also People v. Aromin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2014 Guam 3 \'b6 11 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Issues of statutory interpretation are subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-432\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Whether the Trial Court Erred in Granting Summary Judgment in Favor of Rekha on her Claims for Breach of Contract and Recovery on a Promissory Note
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Summary judgment is appropriate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam R. Civ. P. 56(c); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also Bank of Guam v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2004 Guam 25 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Gayle v. Hemlani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2000 Guam 25 \'b6 20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A genuine issue exists where there is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 sufficient evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  which establishes a factual dispute requiring resolution by a fact-finder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Gayle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2000 Guam 25 \'b6 20 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Iizuka Corp. v. Kawasho Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  1997 Guam 10 \'b6 7).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, the dispute must involve a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 material fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 fact is one that is relevant to an element of a claim or defense and whose existence might affect the outcome of the suit . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Disputes over irrelevant or unnecessary facts will not preclude a grant of summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  (omission in original) (quoting }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Iizuka Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  1997 Guam 10 \'b6 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In deciding motions for summary judgment, a court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 must view the evidence and draw inferences in the light most favorable to the non-movant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 21 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Iizuka Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 1997 Guam 10 \'b6 8).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 If, however, there are no genuine issues of material fact, the non-movant may not simply rely on all
egations in the complaint, but must provide some significant probative evidence supporting the complaint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi288\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC action for recovery under a promissory note
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Kishore claims that granting summary judgment in favor of Rekha was improper regardless of whether his affidavit and exhibits were considered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Specifically, he alleges that, based on the elements required for recovery on a promissory note, Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s evidence for summary judgment is deficient on its face, since her sworn declaration does not include a statement that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
[plaintiff] is the sole owner and holder of the notes, and they have never been assigned, transferred, pledged, or delivered to another.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s Br. at 7 (Sept. 2, 2014) (alteration in original) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Blankenship v. Robins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 899 S.W.2d 236, 238 (Tex. App. 1994)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Promissory notes are negotiable instruments which are governed . . . by Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 DCM Ltd. P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
ship v. Wang}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 555 F. Supp. 2d 808, 813 (E.D. Mich. 2008).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In order to recover in an action stemming from a promissory note, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
the holder or payee [must] establish that (1) there is a note; (2) he is the legal owner and holder of the note; (3) the defendant is the maker of the note; and (4) a certain balance is due and owing on the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Blankenship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 899 S.W.2d at 238; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also Resolution Trust Corp. v. Starkey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 41 F.3d 1018, 1023 (5th Cir. 1995).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Both parties identified this as the appropriate standard during summary judgment proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 6-7; RA, tab 36 at 4 (Pl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Mot. Summ. J., Oct. 6, 2011).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Factors one and three are undisputed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Both parties have provided documentation of the existence of a promissory note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note, Dec. 1, 2009); RA, tab 98, Ex. 1 (Promissory Note, Dec. 1, 2009).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Further, statements from both Rekha and Kishore established that Kishore is the maker of the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\delrsid3674994\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 at 1(Rekha Hemlani Decl., Oct. 6, 2011); RA, tab 50 at 1 (Kishore Hemlani Aff., Oct. 31, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, the parties disagree regarding whether Rekha is in fact the holder of the promissory note and retains the right to bring suit on it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Rekha asserts that Kishore executed the promissory note in her favor and continues to owe her both the principal and accrued interest under the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34 at 1-2 (Rekha Hemlani Decl.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore claims that his obligation to Rekha was terminated upon return of the note to him in exchange for a different promissory note and his payment of a lesser sum.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 98 at 1-2 (Aff. Supp. Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n Mot. Recons., Dec. 17, 2012).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Under an action to recover money due upon a promissory note, it is clear that a plaintiff must establish that he or she is the owner and holder of the note at the time the suit is brought.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Blankenship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 899 S.W.2d at 238; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also Dage v. Deutsche Bank Nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Trust Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 95 So. 3d 1021, 1023 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2012) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [T]he plaintiff must own or hold the note at the time of filing suit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 BAC Funding Consortium Inc. ISAOA/ATIMA v. Jean-Jacques}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 28 So. 3d 936, 939 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2010) (holding that plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
was required to establish, through admissible evidence, that it held the note . . . before it would be entitled to summary judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Indeed, this court has previously acknowledged the note-holder obligation in analyzing summary judgment on a promissory note, though we declined to apply the standard in that case due to an ambiguity of contract terms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Wasson v. Berg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2007 Guam 16 \'b6 18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, as the Texas appeals court explained in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Blankenship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A photocopy of the promissory note, attach
ed to an affidavit in which the affiant swears that the photocopy is a true and correct copy of the original note, is proper summary judgment proof which establishes the existence of the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The payee establishes ownership of the note when he attests in 
an affidavit that he is the owner of the note, attaches a sworn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 true and correct
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 copy of the original note to his affidavit, the note shows on its face that it was issued to him, and there is no summary judgment proof showing that the note has ever been pledged, assigned, transferred, or conveyed.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 899 S.W.2d at 238 (citations omitted).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Consequently, sworn testimony claiming ownership of the note, confirmed by a true and correct copy of said note, is sufficient for summary judgment unless evidence exists in the record that the note has been pledged, assigned, transferred, or conveyed.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
A plaintiff does not have an affirmative duty to disprove the existence of such evidence, nor must his or her sworn testimony include a statement that the note has never been assigned, transferred, or conveyed absent evidence that it had been.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s declaration in support of her motion for summary judgment avers that the promissory note was executed by Kishore in her favor and that Kishore failed to make payments on the promissory note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\delrsid3674994\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 at 1-2 (Rekha Hemlani Decl.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s declaration does not contain the requisite information to demonstrate her status as the owner or holder of the note because she does not specifically attest to her owne
rship or current possession of the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s declaration does proclaim that the note was executed in her favor and that Kishore continued to owe her the principal and accrued interest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Further, the copy of the note, which Rekha attests is true and correct, identifies her and/or Moti Hemlani as the payees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Where, as here, an instrument is payable to the order of two or more persons in the alternative, it may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 negotiated, discharged or enforced by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 of them who has possession of [the instrument.]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 3116(a) (2005) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thus, the information provided in Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s declaration is insufficient to establish that she is entitled to enforce the note because she has not declared she is the owner or holder of the note and fails to make a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  case for recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Booker v. Sarasota, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  707 So. 2d 886, 889 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1998) (holding that the trial court, when considering a motion for summary judgment in an action on a promissor
y note, was not permitted to simply assume that the plaintiff was the holder of the note in the absence of record evidence of such).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi288\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Common law breach of contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Despite the lack of evidence that she remains the holder of the note, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha argues that the Superior Court properly granted summary judgment on her alternate breach of contract theory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 27 (Oct. 3, 2014) (citing RA, tab 112 (Dec. & Order, Oct. 31, 2013)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam law provides the trial court with jurisdiction to enforce contracts created through execution of a written instrument.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 18 GCA 
\'a7 86107 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
To establish a breach of contract, a plaintiff must prove (1) the existence of the contract, (2) the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s performance or excuse for nonperformance, (3) the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s breach, and (4) resulting damages to the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Boland, Inc. v. Rolf C. Hagen (USA) Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 685 F. Supp. 2d 1094, 1101 (E.D. Cal. 2010); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Red Roof Franchising, LLC v. AA Hospitality Northshore, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 877 F. Supp. 2d 140, 149 (D.N.J. 2012), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 aff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 d sub nom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Red Roof Franchising, LLC v. Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 564 F. App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 x 685 (3d Cir. 2014); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Gateway Exch., LLC v. W. Union Fin. Servs., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 333 F. Supp. 2d 131, 141 (S.D.N.Y. 2004); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Fitness Ctr., Inc. v. Atlanta Fitness, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 902 F. Supp. 2d 1098, 1105 (E.D. Tenn. 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Under a breach of contract theory, Rekha is not required to show that she remains the physical holder of the note, so long as she establishes: (1) the existence of a valid contract, (2) her performance under the contract, (3) defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s breach, and (4) resulting damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
With regard to this claim, the evidence presented by Rekha undoubtedly establishes a sufficient }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  case for breach of contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The promissory note itself provides written documentation of the existence of a contra
ct in which Kishore, in exchange for the collected value of $270,000.00, was to pay Rekha back the principal plus 1.334% interest per month by a definitive time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note); RA, tab 98, Ex. 1 (Promissory Note).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In addition, the terms of the note indicate, and Kishore does not dispute, that Rekha performed her duty under the agreement by providing Kishore with the principal amount.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note); RA, tab 98, Ex. 1 (Promissory Note).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Finally, Rekha confirms in he
r declaration that the sum owed under the note has not been paid to her, establishing both a breach of the terms by Kishore and damage to her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  (Rekha Hemlani Decl.)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This court must therefore analyze whether there remains a dispute of material facts with regard to this claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
In response to the evidence presented by Rekha, Kishore submitted both testimonial and documentary evidence indicating that he is the holder of the note, which was returned to him in exchange for a different note now paid in full.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In response to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s sworn declaration, Kishore submitted a document he alleged to be the original note along with another promissory note and a check in the amount $100,000.00 written to Rekha.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 98, Ex. 1 (Promissory Note); RA, tab 98, Ex. 2 (Promissory Note, Mar. 10, 2010); RA, tab 98, Ex. 3 (Check, Feb. 26, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This check states as its description }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 LOAN PAID IN FULL MOTI HEMLANI AND REKHA HEMLANI ON PROMISSORY NOTE.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 98, Ex. 3 (Check).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The trial court declined to consider this evidence, which Kishore presented in his opposition to Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion for reconsideration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Its decision was predicated on the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s characterization of such evidence as merely supporting an affirmative defense of accord and satisfaction which Kishore had waived by failing to assert it in his first pleading.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 142 at 4 (Dec. & Order). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Kishore argues that, even if he waived his right to assert an affirmative defense, the court should have considered his exhibits as evidence of surrender and discharge of the note.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 According to him, such discharge creates a factual dispute regarding essential elements of Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s claim for recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
The court properly found that Guam law requires an affirmative defense to be pleaded in a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s answer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Guam. R. Civ. P. 8(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Failure to bring a defense at that time results in waiver and precludes a party from asserting it at a later point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Davignon v. Clemmey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 322 F.3d 1, 15-17 (1st Cir. 2003); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Harris v. Sec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 y, U.S. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 t of Veterans Affairs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 126 F.3d 339, 341 (D.C. Cir. 1997); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Magana v. Northern Mariana Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 107 F.3d 1436, 1446 (9th Cir. 1997).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Accord and satisfaction is an agreement between parties to settle a bona fide contract dispute in which one party waives the right to sue in exchange for consideration less than the total amount owed under the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Milgard Tempering, Inc. v. Selas Corp. of Am.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 902 F.2d 703, 712 (9th Cir. 1990); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Barinaga v. JP Morgan Chase & Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 749 F. Supp. 2d 1164, 1175 (D. Or. 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 By contrast, discharge involves the transfer of a note or other instrument back to the party to be discharged, cancelling their obligation on the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 3605(1)(b) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Unlike accord and satisfaction, discharge does not require a dispute or the exchange
 of any consideration and may be executed simply by surrender or destruction of the note coupled with an intent to discharge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 3605; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also Lancaster v. Zufle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 932 F. Supp. 109, 112 (S.D.N.Y. 1996).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [24]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Notwithstanding these differences, se
veral jurisdictions examining this issue have found both discharge and accord and satisfaction to be affirmative defenses, rather than direct oppositions to an element for recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Hubbard Realty Co. v. First Nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Bank of Pikeville}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 704 F.2d 733, 736 (4th Cir. 1983) (on the issue of discharge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 the burden of proof was upon . . . [the] debtor to show as a matter of affirmative defense that the intention was to discharge the conceded original obligation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
S.E.C. v. Sands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 902 F. Supp. 1149, 1167 (C.D. Cal. 1995), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 aff}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 d sub nom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  S.E.C. v. First Pac. Bancorp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 142 F.3d 1186 (9th Cir. 1998) (accord and satisfaction is an affirmative defense that must be pleaded in the answer); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Winkel v. Erpelding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 526 N.W.2d 316, 318 (Iowa 1995) (discharge is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 raised as an affirmative defense by a debtor who then bears the burden of proving the assertion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Columbia Sav. v. Zelinger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 794 P.2d 231, 234 (Colo. 1990).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab As explained above, possession of a note is not a required element for recovery under breach of contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Boland}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 685 F. Supp. 2d at 1101; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Sananap v. Cyfred, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2009 Guam 13 \'b6 57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s evidence regarding return of the note in exchange for a lower sum than that owed under the agreement remains relevant only as an affirmative defense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, Kishore w
aived his right to present this defense to the breach of contract claim by failing to plead it in his original answer or seeking to amend his answer at any time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam. R. Civ. P. 8(c); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Harris}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 126 F.3d at 341; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Magana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 107 F.3d at 1446.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 As such, he may not use evidence supporting his waived affirmative defense to create a dispute of material fact sufficient to defeat summary judgment on the breach of contract claim.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab However, this analysis does not end our inquiry.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Notwithstanding the independent gen
eral jurisdiction of the Superior Court over the breach of contract claim presented by Rekha, this court must now resolve whether the existence of a UCC remedy for recovery under a promissory note precludes the exercise of a common law breach of contract 
claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC preemption of common law contract theory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab UCC \'a7 1-103 allows the continued application of all supplemental bodies of law unless they are displaced by the UCC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 1103 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thus, it may be possible in some instances for a common law claim to be applied in an area addressed by the UCC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Valley Bank of Ronan v. Hughes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 147 P.3d 185, 191-92 (Mont. 2006) (holding that common law actions are permissible where the UCC does not provide a means of relief (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 First Ga. Bank v. Webster}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  308 S.E.2d 579, 581 (Ga. Ct. App. 1983))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, a common law claim is precluded where the UCC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 provide[s] a comprehensive remedy for parties to a transaction . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 N.J. Bank v. Bradford, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  690 F.2d 339, 346 (3d Cir. 1982).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This occurs when the UCC remedy would be thwarted or rendered meaningless by use of the common law claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 As such, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
parallel Code and common law claims may be maintained except in circumstances where (1) the Code provides a comprehensive remedial scheme, and (2) reliance on the common law would undermine the purposes of the Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bucci v. Wachovia Bank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  591 F. Supp. 2d 773, 779 (E.D. Pa. 2008).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Whether suit under a breach of contract theory constitutes an action precluded by the UCC is subject to a split of authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
As pointed out by Rekha, United States District Courts in several jurisdictions which have enacted the UCC nonetheless allowed action for recovery on a note to proceed under a breach of contract theory, albeit in unpublished decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See, e.g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  CSX Transp., Inc. v. Emjay Envtl. Recycling, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , No. 12-CV-1865 JS AKT, 2014 WL 4175798, at *6-7 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 20, 2014);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 Branch Banking & Trust Co. v. Howard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , No. CIV.A. 12-0175-WS-N, 2013 WL 951652, at *4 (S.D. Ala. Mar. 8, 2013); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 D & R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s Aspen Ret. Plan, LLC v. DeGraff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , No. 09-CV-01963-LTB-CBS, 2010 WL 4024013, at *3 (D. Colo. Oct. 12, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The rationale for these decisions appear to be that, under the UCC, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [a] promissory note is a form of contract; therefore, it must be construed under general contract principles.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bockman v. WCH, L.L.C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 943 So. 2d 789, 795 (Ala. 2006) (citing 11 Am. Jur. 2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bills and Notes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  \'a7 2 (1997); William D. Hawkland & Lary Lawrence, UCC Series \'a7 3\endash 119, Official Comment (1994)). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Notwithstanding these allowances, however, the 
jurisdictions which have directly addressed the relationship between UCC Article 3 and traditional contract law have ruled that the UCC precludes recovery under a promissory note through common law breach of contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 For example, Ohio courts have held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [a]lthough a plaintiff is generally able to plead alternative legal theories, the . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  provides the exclusive remedy to enforce negotiable instruments.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 DRFP, LLC v. Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 945 F. Supp. 2d 890, 912 (S.D. Ohio 2013); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Dice v. White Family Cos.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  878 N.E.2d 1105, 1111 (Ohio Ct. App. 2007) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [T]he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  provides the exclusive remedy where the dispute is governed by its statutory provisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Common law causes of action may not be raised to circumvent the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCC}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  rights, claims, and defenses where the statute applies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This sentiment regarding enforcing promissory notes has been echoed by courts in Texas, Michigan, and Minnesota.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See AMX Enters., Inc. v. Bank One, N.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 196 S.W.3d 202, 207 (Tex. App. 2006) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [T]he UCC pre
empts common law causes of action that supplant the provisions of the UCC in a suit to recover losses involving negotiable instruments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Crawford v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, NA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , No. 08-CV-12634, 2009 WL 1913415, at *6 (E.D. Mich. 2009), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 aff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  425 F. App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 x 445 (6th Cir. 2011) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Because the UCC as adopted in Michigan provides a comprehensive remedial scheme . . . and because reliance on the common law would undermine the purposes of the code, the UCC preempts common law claims for breach of contract . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bradley v. First Nat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Bank of Walker, N.A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
., 711 N.W.2d 121, 127-28 (Minn. Ct. App. 2006) (holding that UCC Article 3 preempts common law contract claims).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Finally, Connecticut and Illinois courts have held that, when evaluating an action involving a neg
otiable instrument, the statute of limitations is governed by the UCC, rather than the limitations period for a breach of contract claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Florian v. Lenge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 880 A.2d 985, 991-93 (Conn. App. Ct. 2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Newell v. Newell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 942 N.E.2d 776, 780 (Ill. App. Ct. 2011) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s] allegations of common law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 breach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  do not insulate his cause of action from the applicable UCC statute of limitations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
The argument in favor of preclusion is further supported by this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Yanfag v. Cyfred, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2009 Guam 16.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Yanfag }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 draws a clear distinction between negotiable and non-negotiable instruments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2009 Guam 16 \'b6 26.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 As this court held, the UCC would control }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 if the Promissory Note were a negotiable instrument,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \'b6 26, while }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
[i]f the promissory note is non-negotiable, then the common law of contracts . . . would apply,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  \'b6 26 n.4; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 3102(1)(e) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 To constitute a negotiable instrument, a writing must: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 (a) [b]e signed by the maker or drawer; and (b) [c]ontain an unc
onditional promise or order to pay a sum certain in money and no other promise, order, obligation or power given by the maker or drawer . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  and (c) [b]e payable on demand or at a definite time; and (d) [b]e payable to order or to bearer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 13 GCA \'a7 3104(1) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Here, the promissory note is undoubtedly a negotiable instrument, properly analyzed under the UCC, as the writing is signed by Kishore, contains an unconditional promise to pay $270,000.00 plus 1.334% monthly accrued interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 to the order of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  Rekha or Moti Hemlani }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 on or before November 30th 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Given the standard articulated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Yanfag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 as well as the persuasive authority of the jurisdictions which have directly addressed the relationship between UCC 
Article 3 and traditional contract law, we hold that, where a dispute centers on the enforcement of a note, the UCC precludes recovery under a promissory note through a common law breach of contract theory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid13970909 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 
In addressing the relationship between contract law and negotiable instruments, this court has previously found that \'93holding a promissory note does not insulate
 one from other claims arising from a larger contract for which the note is merely consideration.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 Sananap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 , 2009 Guam 13 \'b6 57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  Further, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 Sananap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  decision stated that analysis under the law of contracts was appropriate despite \'93[t]he negotiable or unconditional nature of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 promissory notes.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid4136474 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  However, in that case, the promissory note was not itself the contract to be enforced}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 
.   Rather, the case involved a larger conditional sale agreement in which the failure to satisfy the condition of providing certain infrastructure led to a default of a note, which had served as consideration for the larger agreement.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid4136474 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  \'b6\'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909 4-5, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 45-51. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 
 In such situations, the application of ordinary contract remedies would remain available.  By contrast, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 UCC preclusion applies when, as here, \'93[p]laintiff's }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 breach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs29\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485  claim is based on the same operative facts as its default claim [and] both causes of action are attempting to enforce the Notes.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 DRFP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 , 945 F. Supp. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid14766485 at 911-12.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Accordingly, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s favor on her breach of contract theory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid2038916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Whether the Trial Court Erred in Refusing to Address Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Request for Relief from Court-Deemed Admissions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Kishore next argues that the trial court committed reversible error by failing to allow him to withdraw deemed admissions regarding whether Rekha remained the holder of the note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 9-13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 He contends that Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s alleged misrepresentation regarding her possession of the note warranted reversal under GRCP 60(b)(3) and allowed him to withdraw admissions pursuant to GRCP 36(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  at 9-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Rekha responds that Kishore never properly moved to withdraw his admissions under Rule 36(b), arguing that merely including this argument in an opposition to summary judgment
 was not procedurally sufficient under the GRCP.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s Br. at 41-42 (citing GRCP 36(b); Guam Super. Ct. CVR 7.1(f); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Layton v. Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n of Machinists & Aero. Workers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 285 F. App}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 x 340, 341 (9th Cir. 2008)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, resolution of this dispute is not necessary on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
As a general appellate principle, a court will not address issues unnecessary to the resolution of the case before it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See SST Global Tech., LLC v. Chapman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 270 F. Supp. 2d 444, 457 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) (declining to address an argument because it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 is not necessary to [the] resolution of the . . . claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In re Byker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 64 B.R. 640, 642 (Bankr. N.D. Iowa 1986) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Since the resolution of that issue is not necessary to the decision in this case, this Court declines to make any pronouncement on that issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kosmyna v. Botsford Cmty. Hosp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 607 N.W.2d 134, 138 (Mich. Ct. App. 1999) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This Court may decline to address issues not necessary to the resolution of the case at hand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 We have, on multiple occasions, applied this principle in refusing to address superfluous issues where a case has been reversed and remanded for further proceedings on other grounds.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Gutierrez v. Guam Power Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2013 Guam 1 \'b6 64 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Cepeda v. Gov}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 11 \'b6 51); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 People v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2009 Guam 22 \'b6 85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This court has already determined above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 section IV.A.1, that Rekha did not present sufficient evidence to state a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  case for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
As such, the case is to be remanded to the trial court for further proceedings and to address the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  remaining disputes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Accordingly, we need not reach the merits of whether Kishore has properly moved to withdraw deemed admissions or whether such withdrawal is warranted in the present case.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab In addition, because the trial court has not
 actually addressed this issue at the summary judgment stage, we are reluctant to address it in the first instance on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Univ. of Guam v. Civil Serv. Comm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2002 Guam 4 \'b6 20 (declining to address an argument raised by the appellant for the first time on appeal); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 B.M. Co. v. Avery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2001 Guam 27 \'b6 33, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 supplemented}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2002 Guam 19; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam Bar Ethics Comm. v. Maquera}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2001 Guam 20 \'b6 39.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
As this dispute is being remanded, it is prudent to decline further examination until the Superior Court has had the opportunity for initial evaluation of the admissions issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Gonzales v. Garcia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 552 P.2d 468, 469-70 (N.M. 1976) (trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s function is to determine applicable law and findings of fact); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Bivins v. State ex rel. Okla. Mem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Hosp.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 917 P.2d 456, 464 (Okla. 1996) (holding that a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s function in every case is to make first instance determinations of disputed law or fact issues).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038916 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2038916 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Whether Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Claim Should be Dismissed as Void under Applicable Business License Requirements for Regulated Consumer Loans and Commercial Lending}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore further argues that the trial court should have dismissed Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s claims as void and unenforceable for failure to properly obtain a business license.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 There are two separate licensing requirements applicable to this case under Guam law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The first is the requirement that a license be obtained in order to make regulated loans.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 3502 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This statute is modeled after a similar provision of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 UCCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 1101 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This licensing requirement was initially raised by Kishore as a counterclaim and was the statute the Superior Court analyzed in detail in the decision and order denying Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 48 at 2-5 (Ans. & Countercl. & Jury Demand, Oct. 31, 2011); RA, tab 85 at 3-19 (Dec. & Order, Aug. 1, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
However, Guam law also contains a general business license law requiring all persons engaged in business activities in Guam to obtain a business license from the Department of Revenue and Taxation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70130 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam law also precludes an individual who conducts business without a license from asserting claims in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70131(b), (d) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore referenced this licensing provision as an affirmative defense in his Answer and Opposition to Plaintiff
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Motion for Summary Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 48 (Ans. & Countercl. & Jury Demand); RA, tab 76 at 11-12 (Def.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n Mot. Summ. J., Apr. 12, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore argues that the requirements of both pr
ovisions must be applied together and that doing so would justify a departure from the case law of other UCCC jurisdictions upon which the Superior Court relied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi288\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 License requirements as jurisdictional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 We first address whether or not Kishore properly characterizes Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s statutory licensing requirements as jurisdictional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore argues that a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s failure to obtain a required business license divests the court of subject matter jurisdiction, since a suit to enforce obligations made without a lice
nse is barred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 13-15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
However, while Guam law does require the possession of a business license to enforce or recover under a contract, this obligation is not properly described as a jurisdictional element.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This court has previously
 held that, unless a statute explicitly identifies a requirement as jurisdictional, failure of a party to comply does not itself divest the court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Core Tech Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Corp. v. Hanil Eng}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 g & Constr. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2010 Guam 13 \'b6\'b6 37-39; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Castino v. G.C. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2010 Guam 3 \'b6 19; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Arbaugh v. Y. & H. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  546 U.S. 500, 504 (2006).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Neither one of the relevant statutory requirements indicates that it creates a jurisdictional element.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 5201(5) (2005); 11 GCA \'a7 70131(b)-(e).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Further, because the Business License Law in Title 11 allows the court to stay a proceeding until a license is acquired, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70131(d), it cannot impose a limitation on subject matter jurisdiction, which requires dismissal outright.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 John G. & Marie Stella Kenedy Mem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 l Found. v. Mauro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 21 F.3d 667, 674 (5th Cir. 1994) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Unless a . . . court possesses subject matter jurisdiction over a dispute, . . . any order it makes (other than an order of dismissal or remand) is void.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Shirley v. Maxicare Tex., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  921 F.2d 565, 568 (5th Cir. 1991))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Thus, the licensing requirements do not implicate subject matter jurisdiction and should instead be evaluated as timely asserted affirmative defenses to recovery under the agreement contained in a promissory note.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi288\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Regulated loan license requirement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The first relevant licensing law is found in Title 14 of the Guam Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This law requires individuals who wish to make regulated loans to obtain a specific license for that purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 3502.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A reg
ulated loan is defined as a consumer loan made pursuant to a revolving loan account; or any other consumer loan in which the loan finance charge exceeds the rate of 10% per year calculated on the unpaid balances of the principal according to the United St
ates rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7\'a7 3201, 3501 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 A consumer loan is a loan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
(a) made by a person engaged in the business of making loans; (b) in which the debtor is a person other than an organization; and (c) in which the debt is incurred primarily for a personal, family, household or agricultural purpose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 3104(1) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
With regard to the enforcement of loan agreements made without a required license, the Guam UCCC provides that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
If the creditor has violated the provisions of this Title applying to authority to make regulated loans (\'a7 3502), the loan is void and the debtor is not obligated to pay either the principal or loan finance charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
If he has paid any part of the principal or of the loan finance charge, he has a right to recover the payment from the person violating this Title or from a transferee of that person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s rights to whom debt is then owing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7 5201(5).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 By contrast, non-consumer loans are considered unregulated loans and do not require a license for enforcement in court even if such loans have a finance charge exceeding 10% per year.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 14 GCA \'a7\'a7 3104, 3605 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In this case, the explicit terms of the note place the annual interest charge at an amount higher than 10%.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 34, Ex. A (Promissory Note); RA, tab 98, Ex. 1 (Promissory Note).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid13970909 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid747338 Multiplying}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336 1.334% interest per month by the twelve-month period of the note yields an annual charge of 16.008%.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Thus, in assessing whether a license was required to bring suit, the lower court correctly identified the relevant question under this provision as whether the loan executed between Rekha and Kishore constituted a consumer loan.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 85 at 3 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s28\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
In evaluating this question, the Superior Court properly looked to the persuasive authority of other jurisdictions that have also adopted statutes mirroring the UCCC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  at 8-9; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also Gibbs v. Holmes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2001 Guam 11 \'b6 15 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [T]o the extent that [a state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s] . . . statutes contain provisions that are either identical or substantially similar to Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s statutes, we find [that state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s] law to be persuasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Underwood v. Guam Election Comm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 2006 Guam 19 \'b6 13;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  Guam Fed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n of Teachers ex rel. Rector v. Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 25 \'b6 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The decisions analyzed by the court revealed that interpretations of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 person engaged in the business of making loans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  under the UCCC definition of consumer loan were quite narrow.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Several jurisdictions found
 that loans made by a person whose primary occupation was anything other than extending credit were not consumer loans requiring a license, regardless of the loan finance charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See Brown v. Fenner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 757 P.2d 184, 184-85 (Colo. App. 1988); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Barnes v. Helfenbein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 548 P.2d 1014, 1018 (Okla. 1976); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bekins Bar V Ranch v. Huth}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 664 P.2d 455, 460-61 (Utah 1983).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Further, the lower court relied on case law from Oklahoma and Maine which held that, for purposes of defining a consumer loan under a UCCC statute, a pers
on engages in the business of making loans only if they make more than 5 loans in a single year or more than 25 loans cumulatively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 85 at 12-14 (Dec. & Order);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bunch v. Terpenning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 229 P.3d 574, 578-79 (Okla. Civ. App. 2009); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 St. Jean v. Racal Mortg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 952 F. Supp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 . 22, 26 (D. Me. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 1997), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 vacated and remanded on other grounds}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 155 F.3d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 6 (1st Cir. 1998).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This standard is based on a similar definition of consumer credit loans from federal regulations and appears consistent with the rationale ad
opted in the few UCCC jurisdictions which have addressed this issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 12 C.F.R. \'a7 226.2(a)(17)(v); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Wertz v. Asset Acceptance, LLC}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 5 N.E.3d 1175, 1185 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014); Gary D. Spivey, Annotation, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Regulation of Consumer Loans under Uniform Consumer Credit Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 73 A.L.R. 6th 425 (2012). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab 
Under this interpretation, it is evident that Rekha was not engaged in the business of making loans.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The record is unclear as to whether Rekha was herself involved in extending the loans attributed to Moti Hemlani, as Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s name appears on only two promissory notes including the one disputed in the present case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 85 at 11-12 (Dec. & Order); RA, tab 77, Ex. 1A at 1-17 (Def.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Exs. to Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n Mot. Summ. J., Apr. 12, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, even assuming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 arguendo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  that she was, Kishore has presented evidence of only 21 total loans.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s Br. at 17 (citing RA, tab 77, Ex. 1A at 1-17 (Def.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Exs. to Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n Mot. Summ. J.)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This number falls short of the 25 generally required to constitute engagement in the business 
of providing loans.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Bunch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 229 P.3d at 578-79; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Wertz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 5 N.E.3d at 1185.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Further, there is no evidence that Rekha has provided more than five loans within a single year.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 77, Ex. 1A at 1-17 (Def.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Exs. to Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 n Mot. Summ. J.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thus, under the UCCC analysis adopted by other jurisdictions, Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s actions do not constitute regulated consumer loans which require a license, and she is free to enforce her promissory note through litigation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab Kishore argues that the definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [e]ngaging in, transacting, conducting, continuing, doing or carrying on a business}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  found in 11 GCA \'a7
 70103(e) is broader than that used by other jurisdictions interpreting their UCCC statutes and that this definition should be used in interpreting the definition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 consumer loan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  found in 14 GCA \'a7 3104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s Br. at 16-17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 This argument is unconvincing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 By its own terms, the definitions in 11 GCA \'a7
 70103 are applicable only for purposes of that title, including the Business License Law in 11 GCA Division 3, and are entirely separate from the requirements under the Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Uniform Consumer Credit Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70103.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
It would be improper to apply those definitions to an entirely different statute, particularly when they contravene specific interpretations of similarly-worded UCCC provisions in other jurisdictions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Amerault v. Intelcom Support Servs., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2004 Guam 23 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Guam courts have considered courts of other states interpreting statutes similar to laws of Guam to be persuasive authority.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 25 \'b6 23.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Although Rekha may be required to prove compliance with both of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s separate licensing laws, determination of her obligations under 14 GCA \'a7 3501 is most appropriately based on other interpretations of consumer loans specific to the U
niform Consumer Credit Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Accordingly, this court upholds the trial court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s finding that the loan made from Rekha to Kishore was not a regulated consumer loan, and Rekha may seek recovery without a license under this provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Business license requirement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 43}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
In addition to the license requirement for regulated loans, commercial activities are also subject to the general Business License Law found in 11 GCA, Chapter 70.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 It is the policy of the government of Guam that all persons engaging in, trans
acting, conducting, continuing, doing, or carrying on a business have business licenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70130.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Under Division 3, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [e]ngaging in, transacting, conducting, continuing, doing or carrying on a business}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  is defined as: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 a regular employment which occ
upies the time, labor, or attention of the person on a continuing basis although one (1) act may be sufficient if circumstances show a purpose to continue, and it need not be the sole or full-time employment of the person, but may be on a part-time or per
iodic basis. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70103(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In addition, this provision specifically requires that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [e]very person engaging in or carrying on the business in Guam of lending money with or without security . . . 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  be required annually to obtain a commercial license.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 72103 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thus, unlike the analysis under Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s UCCC statute, this definition of engaging in business appears broad enough to encompass Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s loan activities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Consequently, the court must determine when a license was required and, if the
 requirement had not been complied with, what effect such failure would have on Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s ability to seek judicial enforcement of her promissory note. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 44}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Unlike the effect of the UCCC provision, multiple cases from this court have concluded that failure to obtain a business license under this provision does not render a contract void }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 per se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 or relieve a party of their obligations under such an agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Arashi & Co. v. Nakashima Enters., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 21 \'b6 30; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam Tai-Pan Dev. & Constr., Inc. v. Yigo Alta Estates, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  2002 Guam 20 \'b6\'b6 9-15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 These cases held that failure to obtain a license at the time a transaction occurred precludes a party from using the courts to enforce their contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Arashi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
, 2005 Guam 21 \'b6 30; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam Tai-Pan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2002 Guam 20 \'b6\'b6 11-12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, those portions of the cited opinions were based on explicit language in the statute which has since been abandoned and replaced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 45}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Prior to its revision, the business license law explicitly stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [n]o person engaged in commercial activity without a business license may use the courts to enforce, directly or indirectly, any obligation, lien, or contract }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 incurred during the period of such commercial activity without a business license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70130(d) (1994) (emphasis added); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Arashi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , 2005 Guam 21 n.5;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7290822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\super\insrsid13970909 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336 Though }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336 Arashi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336  was decided in 2005}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336  after the statute had been modified, the facts of that case warranted use of the law\rquote s previous iteration.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336 See Arashi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid13970909\charrsid7170336 , 2005 Guam 21 n.5.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam Tai-Pan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 2002 Guam 20 \'b6 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, in 2004 the Guam Legislature enacted Guam Public Law 27-57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The specified intent of the Legislature in passing this law was to ensure }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 viability as an attractive investment destination}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  by removing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 any uncertainty in the business climate caused by the imposition of inconsistent statutes governing . . . license requirements for doing business on Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Guam Pub. L. 27-57:1 (Dec. 6, 2003).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Further, the law sought to remove }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 avoidable disruptions in existing contractual relationships.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
In order to accomplish these goals, the modified legislation appears to have removed the existing bar on judicial enforcement of obligations incurred during the period of commercial activity without a license.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA 
\'a7 70130 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
To replace this result, the Legislature added the following provisions: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
(b) Any person engaging in, transacting, conducting, continuing, doing, or carrying on a business on Guam without a business license . . . may not maintain a proceeding in any Court on Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 until it obtains a business license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
(d) A Court may stay a proceeding commenced by a person, its successor, or assignee until it determines whether the person, or that person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s successor, or assignee requires a business license . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 If it so determines, the Court may further }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
stay the proceeding until the person, or that person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s successor, or assignee obtains the business license}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section, the failure of a person to obtain a business license . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 does not impair the validity of its corporate acts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
 or prevent it from defending any proceeding in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13970909 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70131(b)-(e) (2005) (emphases added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 46}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 It is clear from the language of the revised statute that the question of whether Rekha possessed a business license at the time of the note}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s execution is of no consequence to her right to maintain a suit in Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 So long as she possesses a valid business license while maintaining the claim, the tri
al court may adjudicate the dispute regardless of when such license was acquired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Further, regardless of whether Rekha possesses the proper business license under this division, Kishore is not entitled to have the action dismissed or the contract voided.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Section 70131(e) demonstrates that agreements entered into by a party without a business license remain valid and instructs the court to merely stay enforcement proceedings until such time as the party comes into compliance with the licensing requiremen
ts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
However, while the court correctly found that Kishore was not entitled to have the claim dismissed, whether or not Rekha could herself seek summary judgment depends upon her possession of a business license at the time she sought judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 The record establishes that Rekha obtained a business license from the Guam Department of Revenue and Taxation on January 26, 2011.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 12 (Rekha Hemlani Decl., Feb. 7, 2011); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 49 (Artemio Ilagan Decl., Oct. 31, 2011); RA, tab 35, Ex. F at 4 (Business License, Jan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 26, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
This license was renewed on June 29, 2011, and remained valid at the time she moved for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 77, Ex. 4 (John Q. Carlos Statement of Decl., Apr. 12, 2012); RA, tab 36 (Pl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Mot. & Mem. Summ. J.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Kishore argued on appeal that this license does not satisfy the licensing requirements with regard to their agreement, since the $270,000.00 loan far exceeded Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s assertion in her license application that she would provide loans of $50,000.00.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s Br. at 15-16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 We find this argument unpersuasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 While correspondence from Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s attorney to the Department of Revenue and Taxation does reference her plan to offer loans in that amount, it is clear from the language that this is merely an estimation of anticipat
ed business, not a limitation on the scope of her commercial activities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
RA, tab 49, Ex. D (Letter from Fredrick J. Horecky to John P. Camacho, Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
t of Revenue & Taxation Re: Appl. of Rekha Hemlani for License for Money Lending, Jan. 26, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In fact, Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
s actual license contains no such limitation as to the amount she is allowed to loan in the course of her business.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 35, Ex. F at 4 (Business License, Jan. 26, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Thus, the value of Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s loan to Kishore does not affect the validity or applicability of her business license.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 In arguing for dismissal, Kishore also claims that Rekha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s 2011 license may not be used to satisfy the requirements of 11 GCA \'a7 70130 since it was obtained after litigation was initiated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Even if true, this argument is irrelevant to the question of whether summary judgment was properly sought.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
If Rekha had indeed failed to obtain a valid license prior to commencement of this suit, the remedy would have been to stay the action until she obtained a license.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70131(d) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 However, such a remedy is now moot, as Rekha has already complied with the statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s requirements by obtaining a business license on January 26, 2011, prior to moving for summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 RA, tab 12 (Rekha Hemlani Decl.); RA, tab 49 (Artemio Ilagan Decl.); RA, tab 35, Ex. F at 4 (Business License).
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
Thus, the agreement itself is valid and enforceable since Rekha possessed a license at the time the motion was made.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 11 GCA \'a7 70131(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2038916\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 49}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab We reverse the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s grant of summary judgment in favor of Rekha because she did not establish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  she was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 the owner or holder of the note and did not make a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  case for recovery.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 We affirm the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s denial of Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s motion for summary judgment based on his argument that the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  agreement was void under Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s business licencing laws.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 We decline to address whether the trial court abused its discretion in not evaluating Kishore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13970909 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 s request to withdraw deemed admissions because resolution of this issue is not necessary at this time. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 part,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  AFFIRM }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 in part, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909  for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7290822\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid13970909 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
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