{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff0\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033\themelang1033\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f385\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f391\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f392\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f425\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f430\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f432\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}
{\f433\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31509\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31519\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red37\green37\blue37;}
{\*\defchp }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 \styrsid11999080 Normal;}{\s2\ql \li135\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin135\lin135\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink15 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid11999080 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \fi720\li0\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin135\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext0 \slink16 \sqformat \spriority9 \styrsid11999080 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden \sunhideused \spriority1 Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused \sqformat Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1 \sbasedon10 \slink2 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid11999080 Heading 2 Char;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang0\langfe0\langnp0\langfenp0 
\sbasedon10 \slink3 \slocked \spriority9 \styrsid11999080 Heading 3 Char;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \styrsid11999080 header;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Header Char;}{
\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext19 \slink20 \styrsid11999080 footer;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24 \sbasedon10 \slink19 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Footer Char;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \styrsid11999080 
page number;}{\s22\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext22 \sqformat \spriority34 \styrsid11999080 List Paragraph;}{\s23\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f38\fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext23 \slink24 \styrsid11999080 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs24 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs16 \sbasedon10 \slink23 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Balloon Text Char;}{
\s25\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext25 \slink26 \styrsid11999080 footnote text;}{\*
\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink25 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Footnote Text Char;}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \styrsid11999080 footnote reference;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs16 \sbasedon10 \styrsid11999080 annotation reference;}{\s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \slink30 \styrsid11999080 annotation text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink29 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Comment Text Char;}{
\s31\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon29 \snext29 \slink32 \styrsid11999080 
annotation subject;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b \sbasedon30 \slink31 \slocked \styrsid11999080 Comment Subject Char;}{\s33\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext33 \slink34 \styrsid11999080 endnote text;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \sbasedon10 \slink33 \slocked \styrsid11999080 
Endnote Text Char;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \super \sbasedon10 \styrsid11999080 endnote reference;}{\*\cs36 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i \sbasedon10 \sqformat \spriority20 \styrsid11999080 Emphasis;}{\*\cs37 \additive 
\spriority0 \styrsid11999080 co_searchterm;}{\*\cs38 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid11999080 co_starpage;}{\*\cs39 \additive \b\cf17 \spriority0 \styrsid11999080 co_searchterm6;}{\*\cs40 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid11999080 apple-converted-space;}{\*
\cs41 \additive \spriority0 \styrsid11999080 co_highlightpoints;}{\*\cs42 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 \sunhideused \styrsid11999080 Hyperlink;}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-1435876110\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0
\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat3\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1114497974\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0
\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0
\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4
\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2
\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li8280\lin8280 }{\listname 
;}\listid185103941}{\list\listtemplateid-448074778\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1246012528\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-1260\li3420\lin3420 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li7560\lin7560 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0
{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li8280\lin8280 }{\listname ;}\listid413598400}{\list\listtemplateid604786112\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0
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\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2
\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid490950808}
{\list\listtemplateid-1595924142\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1767456132\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6840\lin6840 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid814879086}{\list\listtemplateid853994094\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
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{\list\listtemplateid-1530236464\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid191521658\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative
\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1
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{\list\listtemplateid-1662746634\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-410988788\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li7350\lin7350 }{\listname ;}\listid1428769421}{\list\listtemplateid21907484\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4
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\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid7764279\sftnbj {\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9965283 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\insrsid7814164 Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid7764279  Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid7814164  v. Port Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid9965283  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid7814164 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7814164 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7764279 2014 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7814164 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16390942 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7814164 , Opinion\tab Page}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid15736528  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid15736528  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1445748 2}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid15736528  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid15736528  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid1445748 17}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid9965283 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9965283 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid9965283 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9965283 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid7814164\charrsid9965283 
\par }}{\footerf \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid7764279 \tab 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13978512 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par 
\par Guam YTK Corporation,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 Plaintiff-Appellant,
\par 
\par v.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13978512 Port A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 uthority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid13978512 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 
uam,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 Defendant-Appellee.
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.: CVA13-009
\par Superior Court Case No.: CV1170-12
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 OPINION
\par 
\par Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid1596985\charrsid13978512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 April 17, 2014
\par 
\par Cite as: 2014 Guam 7
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid13978512 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on October 17, 2013
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph120\trleft-120\tpvpara\tphmrg\tposx389\tposy188\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1324383
\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4110\clshdrawnil \cellx8850\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpara\phmrg\posx389\posy188\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellant:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpara\phmrg\posx389\posy188\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Kathleen V. Fisher, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Genevieve P. Rapadas, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Calvo Fisher & Jacob LLP
\par 259 Martyr St., Ste. 100
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpara\phmrg\posx389\posy188\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appearing for Defendant-Appellee:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpara\phmrg\posx389\posy188\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Michael F. Phillips, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par Phillips & Bordallo, P.C.
\par 410 West O\rquote Brien Drive
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\pvpara\phmrg\posx389\posy188\dxfrtext180\dfrmtxtx180\dfrmtxty0\wraparound\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph120\trleft-120\tpvpara\tphmrg\tposx389\tposy188\tdfrmtxtLeft180\tdfrmtxtRight180\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid1324383\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4110\clshdrawnil \cellx8850\row 
}\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par 
\par BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid3151239 
The signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the Justices at the time this matter was considered and determined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice; PERRY B. INOS, Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pro Tempore}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161 Associate Justice Robert J. Torres recused }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161  from this matter. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161 On }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 June 10, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161 , pursuant to 7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161  6108(a) and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  3109(f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161 
, Chief Justice Carbullido appointed the Honorable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Perry B. Inos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161  as Justice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid14483732 
Pro Tempore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5664161  in this matter.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 CARBULLIDO, C.J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [1]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
This civil action involves a lease agreement that was executed by the Port Authority of Guam (the \'93Port\'94) and Guam YTK Corporation (\'93Guam YTK\'94) for the construction and operation of a fisheries facility on certain property owned by the Port.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 A dispute aros
e between the parties regarding the Lease Agreement, which led Guam YTK to file an action for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief against the Port.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The action required the court to determine: (1) whether the Arbitration Agreement contained in the Le
ase Agreement is valid and enforceable; and (2) if it is, whether arbitration should be compelled.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [2]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The trial court found that the Arbitration Agreement was unenforceable because the Lease Agreement as a whole was in violation of a Guam statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The trial court further found that the Government Claims Act served as a jurisdictional bar to Guam YTK\rquote s claims and that the Act was Guam YTK\rquote s exclusive remedy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [3]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK asserts four errors on appeal: (1) the Superior Court erred in deciding the enforceab
ility of the Lease Agreement because the issue was delegated to an arbitration panel; (2) the Superior Court erred in finding that, because the Lease Agreement was unenforceable, so too was the Arbitration Provision; (3) the Superior Court erroneously fou
n
d that the Government Claims Act is a jurisdictional bar to the enforcement of the Lease Agreement; and (4) the Superior Court erred in failing to compel arbitration of the underlying disputes, because all such disputes are covered by the Arbitration Agre
ement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [4]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
We agree with Guam YTK, and we hold that the trial court erroneously failed to compel arbitration pursuant to the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 We therefore reverse and remand this case to the trial court to compel arbitration on all issues arising out of or in connection with the Lease Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Factual and Procedural Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 A.\tab The Underlying Dispute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [5]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK and the Port entered into a lease agreement dated December 14, 2001 (\'93Lease Agreement\'94), in which the Port agreed to lease certain
 land and to provide certain amenities and services to Guam YTK, so that Guam YTK could construct, operate and maintain a fisheries facility.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Controversies arose between the parties under the Lease Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK alleges that the Port committed material breaches of its obligations under the Lease Agreement that fall squarely within the scope of the arbitration clause.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK specifically alleged the following \'93material breaches\'94:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\ql \li630\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 (1) Defendant\rquote 
s failure to make good-faith efforts to obtain legislative approval of the Lease Agreement; (2) Defendant\rquote s failure to deliver to Plaintiff quiet enjoyment of the use and possession of the Premises; (3) Defendant\rquote 
s failure to provide a reconciliation and statement of accounting for the revenues obtained from other tenants and users of the Premises; (4) Defendant\rquote 
s failure to credit Plaintiff with the revenues received by Defendant from the other tenants and users of the Premises; (5) Defendant\rquote s failure to timely pr
ovide utilities, including water and electrical power, that were necessary to permit construction of the fisheries facility; (6) Defendant\rquote 
s failure to timely provide approval of a Master Plan and Notice to Proceed to permit construction of the fisheries facility; and (7) Defendant\rquote s failure to buy out Plaintiff\rquote s interest in the Lease Agreement.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94), tab 3 at 3 (Compl. Compel Arbitration, Oct. 16, 2012); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  RA, tab 3, Ex. 6 at 1-5 (Letter from Jay Lather, Guam YTK representative, to Mary C. Torres, Port, June 15, 2012) (discussing the material breaches).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK alleged that the Port refused to correct and/or recompense Guam YTK for the alleged breaches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK sent the Port a Notice of Termination and Surrender.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK then made a demand for arbitration pursuant to Article 17 of the Lease Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Article 17 contains the arbitration provisions, which read in relevant part:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
All disputes and controversies of every kind and nature between the parties to this Lea
se arising out of or in connection with this Lease, including but not limited to disputes concerning the existence, construction, validity, interpretation or meaning, performance, nonperformance, enforcement, operation, breach, continuance, or termination
 of the Lease, shall be submitted to final, binding arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
RA, tab 3, Ex. 1 at 27 (Dev. & Lease Agreement, Dec. 14, 2001).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [8]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
In response to the demand for arbitration, the Port initially submitted to arbitration and named a local attorney as its party arbitrator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The parties then agreed to appoint a neutral arbitrator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [9]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The parties subsequently engaged in preliminary arbitration proceedings, until they agreed to dismiss the arbitration proceedings without prejudice for the purpose of attempting to resolve their disputes outside of arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The parties further agreed that \'93
[i]n the event the parties are unable to resolve this dispute within ninety days from execution of this letter, then each party may reinstitute the arbitration proceedings 
without having waived any rights or causes of action relating to this dismissal without prejudice.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 3, Ex. 4 at 1 (Letter from Anthony C. Perez, Port Att\rquote y, to Eduardo A. Calvo, Guam YTK Att\rquote y, Apr. 12, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [10]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Following the dismissal, the par
ties continued to negotiate a potential settlement until at least May 18, 2012, when the Port notified Guam YTK that it was rejecting Guam YTK\rquote s settlement offer.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Thereafter, Guam YTK demanded that the dispute be resubmitted to arbitration and sent another letter to the Port, again requesting arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [11]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In its response to Guam YTK\rquote 
s request for arbitration, the Port \'93reversed itself and for the first time took the position that the Lease Agreement was not enforceable,\'94 claiming that the Port could not be compelled to arbitration and that Guam YTK\rquote 
s claims were barred under the Government Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellant\rquote 
s Br. at 5 (June 28, 2013); RA, tab 3 at 5; Ex. 8 at 1 (Letter from Michael F. Phillips, Port Board Att\rquote y, to Eduardo A. Calvo, Guam YTK Att\rquote y, July 26, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 B.\tab The Decision & Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [12]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK filed a complaint on October 16, 2012, seeking to compel arbitration pursuant to Article 17 (\'93Arbitration Agreement\'94) of the Lease Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK then filed a motion to compel arbitration on November 9, 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Port filed its opposition, and Guam YTK filed a reply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Port filed its answer to the complaint, and a hearing was held.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [13]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The court entered an order on March 12, 2013, deny
ing the motion and finding that: (1) the Government Claims Act was a jurisdictional bar to Guam YTK\rquote s claims; (2) the Lease Agreement as a whole was in violation of 12 GCA \'a7
 10105(i) because the lease term exceeded the five-year maximum; (3) because the Lease Agreement was in violation of section 10105(i), the Arbitration Agreement was unenforceable; and (4) the Government Claims Act was Guam YTK\rquote s exclusive remedy.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [14]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The order was entered on the docket, and Guam YTK filed a timely petition for permission to appeal under Rule 4.2 of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK\rquote s petition was granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [15]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 This court has jurisdiction over this appeal.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 113-74 (2014)); 7 GCA \'a7
\'a7 3107(b), 3108(b) (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 Guam YTK Corp. v. Port Auth. of Guam, CVA13-009 (Order at 1-4 (Apr. 22, 2013)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
We have previously held that the resolution of whether an arbitration clause applies is proper for interlocutory review because such review will \'93\lquote clarify further proceedings\rquote  and \lquote 
[c]larify issues of general importance in the administration of justice.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Brown v. Dillingham Constr. Pac. Basin Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2003 Guam 2 \'b6 12 (quoting 7 GCA \'a7
 3108(b)(1), (3)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Standard of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [16]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93
The standard of review in an interlocutory appeal generally is whether the . . . [trial] court abused its discretion in granting or denying the requested relief.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6 6 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Feldheim v. Sims}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 760 N.E.2d 123, 129 (Ill. App. Ct. 2001)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [17]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 We review issues of statutory construction }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam Fed\rquote n of Teachers v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 2013 Guam 14 \'b6 24 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Core Tech Int\rquote l Corp. v. Hanil Eng\rquote g & Constr. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2010 Guam 13 \'b6 16).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93Therefore, where jurisdiction depends on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  of the lower tribunal\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  of that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs39\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Mesngon v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2003 Guam 3 \'b6 8)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Statutory interpretation begins with the language of the statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The plain meaning will prevail where there is no clearly stated legislative intent to the contrary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Sumitomo Constr. Co. v. Gov\rquote t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6
 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93
[I]n determining legislative intent, a statute should be read as a whole, and therefore, courts should construe each section in conjunction with other sections.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also Amerault v. Intelcom Supp. Serv., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 23 \'b6 14 (\'93
In determining the plain meaning of a statutory provision, we look to the meaning of the entire statutory scheme containing the provision for guidance.\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [18]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Issues of contract interpretation are reviewed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth. v. Pac. Superior Enters. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 22 \'b6 29 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Apana v. Rosario}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2000 Guam 7 \'b6 9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93Similarly, a trial court\rquote s decision regarding the scope of an arbitration clause is also reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Louis Dreyfus Negoce S.A. v. Blystad Shipping & Trading, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 252 
F.3d 218, 223 (2d Cir. 2001)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93
In interpreting a contract, the language governs if clear and explicit and [does] not involv[e] [an] absurdity.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2003 Guam 2 \'b6 6 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Ronquillo v. Korea Auto., Fire, & Marine Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2001 Guam 25 \'b6 10).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Although Guam YTK asserts four issues on appeal, the two main issues before this court are: (A) whether arbitration should be compelled; and (B) whether the doctrine of sovereign immunity and the Government Claims Act bar arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Both issues encompass Guam YTK\rquote s claims of error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 A.\tab Whether Arbitration Should be Compelled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [20]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The trial court found that the Lease Agreement as a whole was unenforceable under 12 GCA \'a7 10105(i), and that because the Lease Agreement was unenforceable, so too was the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK argues that the trial court erred in ruling on the enforceability of the Lease Agreement because it was a matter that was reserved for arbitration as set forth in the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 10-16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK also argues that the trial court should have examined the enforceability of the Arbitration Agreement independently from the underlying Lease Agreement and should have consi
dered whether grounds existed for the revocation of the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 16-20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [21]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Because the trial court\rquote 
s refusal to compel arbitration is rooted in its finding that the unenforceability of the Lease Agreement as a whole rendered the Arb
itration Agreement unenforceable, we must first decide whether the trial court erred in deciding the validity and enforceability of the Lease Agreement as a whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 We must then determine whether the trial court erred in finding that the unenforceability of
 the Lease Agreement as a whole rendered the Arbitration Agreement unenforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-432\li1152\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1152\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 1.\tab 
Whether the trial court erred in deciding the validity and enforceability of the lease agreement as a whole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [22]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 It is well-settled that \'93
an arbitration agreement is a matter of contract and \lquote 
[t]he parties to an agreement are bound to arbitrate only those issues they have agreed to arbitrate, as shown by the clear language of the agreement and their intentions expressed in that language.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, 2003 Guam 2 \'b6 16 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Salsitz v. Kreiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 761 N.E.2d 724, 731 (Ill. 2001)); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Gov\rquote t of Guam v. Pacificare Health Ins. Co. of Micronesia, Inc.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 24 (\'93It is a long-standing principle of consensual arbitration that the nature and scope of an arbitration panel\rquote 
s authority is determined by the language of the arbitration clause.\'94 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Lupone v. Lupone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 848 A.2d 539, 541 (Conn. App. Ct. 2004))); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 22 \'b6 30 (\'93When deciding whether the parties agreed to arbitrate a certai
n matter (including arbitrability), courts generally . . . should apply ordinary state-law principles that govern the formation of contracts.\'94 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Pacificare,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  2004 Guam 17 \'b6 26)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [23]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In interpreting a written contract, \'93
the intent of the parties is ascertained from the writing alone.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Ronquillo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2001 Guam 25 \'b6 10; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  18 GCA \'a7 87105 (2005) (\'93When a contract is reduced to writing, the intention of the parties is to be ascertained from the writing alone, if possible . . . .\'94); 18 GCA \'a7
 87104 (2005) (\'93The language of a contract is to govern its interpretation, if the language is clear and explicit, and does not involve an absurdity.\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [24]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Two presumptions, however, apply when interpreting a contract containing an agreement to arbitrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 22 \'b6\'b6 31-32 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 26).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The first presumption underscores the strong policy favoring arbitration and provides that \'93
any doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable issues should be resolved in favor of arbitration.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6 31 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Kiefer Specialty Flooring, Inc. v. Tarkett, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 174 F.3d 907, 909 (7th Cir. 1999); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also Sumitomo Constr. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  1997 Guam 8 \'b6 14 (\'93[A]ny doubt as to the arbitrator\rquote s jurisdiction is resolved in favor of arbitration.\'94).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Put differently, \'93ambiguities regarding the question of \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 whether}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 a particular merits-related dispute is arbitrable because it is within the scope of a valid arbitration agreement\rquote  are construed in favor of arbitration.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 26) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As such, \'93a court may not deny a party\rquote s request to arbitrate an issue \lquote 
unless it may be said with positive assurance that the arbitration clause is not susceptible of an interpretation that covers the asserted dispute.\rquote \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Kiefer Specialty Flooring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 174 F.3d at 909) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [25]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \'93
In contrast to the first presumption, the second presumption, which must be applied in interpreting a contract\rquote s arbitration provision, favors judicial determination with respect to the forum for determining the issue of arbitrability.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6 32.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
In particular, \'93\lquote [t]he question of whether a claim or dispute is arbitrable is generally considered one for the courts, and not the arbitrators, unless the parties clearly and unmistakably reserved the question for the arbitrators.\rquote \'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  2004 Guam 17 \'b6 27).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Accordingly, \'93[c]ourts may conduct an independent determination of the questi
on of arbitrability if the parties have not clearly agreed that the question of arbitrability is to be determined by the arbitrator.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  2004 Guam 17 \'b6 27).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [26]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The Arbitration Agreement in this case covers a broad range of disputes and controversies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 3, Ex. 1 at 27 (Dev. & Lease Agreement).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The relevant provision of the Arbitration Agreement states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Section 17.1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Agreement to Arbitrate All Differences Arising out of Contract}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
All disputes and controversies of every kind and nature between the parties to this Lease arising out of or in connection with this Lease, including but not limited to disputes concerning the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  existence, construction, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 validity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , interpretation or meaning, performance, nonperformance, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 enforcement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , operation, breach, continuance, or termination of the Lease, shall be submitted to final, binding arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 (emphases added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Based upon a plain reading of section 17.1 above, we agree with Guam YTK that the 
Arbitration Agreement clearly and unmistakably encompasses issues pertaining to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 validity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 enforceability}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  of the Lease Agreement as a whole and delegates these issues to the arbitrators.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Br. at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Nothing in the Lease Agreement (
including the Arbitration Agreement itself) serves to limit the scope of arbitrability under section 17.1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Port also does not challenge Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s interpretation of section 17.1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Br. at 6-10 (Aug. 13, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Similarly, the trial court, w
ithout citing any legal authority to support its ruling, focused solely on whether the Lease Agreement as a whole (instead of the Arbitration Agreement itself) was valid and enforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, because the validity and enforceability of the Lease Agree
ment is an issue that was clearly and unmistakably reserved for arbitration under section 17.1 of the Arbitration Agreement, the trial court erred in finding that the Lease Agreement was unenforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080\charrsid8196543 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid8196543  Guam YTK argues that had the trial court correctly applied the law and compelled arbitration, the trial court should also have determined that the \'93material breaches\'94
 of the underlying Lease Agreement alleged in the Complaint are subject to arbitration.  Appellant\rquote s Br. at 23.  The trial court, however, did not address this issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
.  Further, the Arbitration Agreement does not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12282679 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 learly reserve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12282679  the question }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 arbitrability }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 for the arbitration panel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid12282679  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 RA, tab 3, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 x. 1 at 27 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Dev. & Lease Agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 , 2004 Guam 22 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080  32.  Therefore, on remand, in compelling arbitration as ordered herein, the trial court should determine in the first instance whether the \'93material breaches\'94
 alleged in the Complaint fall within the broad scope of the Arbitration Agreement.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-360\li1080\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1080\itap0\pararsid1596985\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 2.\tab Whether 
the trial court erred in finding that, because the lease agreement was unenforceable, so too was the arbitration agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1596985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [27]\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As explained above, the trial court erred by addressing the validity and enforceability of the Lease Agreement as a whole becau
se they are issues that are clearly and unmistakably reserved for arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The trial court then compounded this error by holding that because the Lease Agreement was unenforceable, so too was the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [28]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As explained below, federal
 law and Guam law are clear on this point: When it comes to analyzing the validity and enforceability of an arbitration agreement, courts should analyze the arbitration agreement separately from the larger contract and leave contract-validity issues for a
rbitration if they are clearly and unmistakably reserved for arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [29]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Challenges to the validity of arbitration agreements . . . can be divided into two types.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 546 U.S. 440, 444 (2006).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 One type challenges specifically the validity of the agreement to arbitrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The second type }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 challenges the contract as a whole, either on a ground that directly affects the entire agreement (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , the agreement was fraudulently induced), or on the ground that the il
legality of one of the contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s provisions renders the whole contract invalid.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [30]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Where challenges to the contract as a whole (i.e., the second type of challenge) are delegated to the arbitrator, only the first type of challenge can be addressed by the court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Rent-A-Center, W., Inc. v. Jackson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 561 U.S. 63, 130 S. Ct. 2772, 2778-79 (2010); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Buckeye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 546 U.S. at 440; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Nitro-Lift Techs., L.L.C. v. Howard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 133 S. Ct. 500, 502 (2012) (per curiam).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080  These cases applied the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C.A. \'a7 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid10314487 et seq.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [31]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Rent-A-Center}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, the plaintiff challenged an arbitration agreement as unconscionable because he had been required to sign it as a condition of his employment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 130 S. Ct. at 2775.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The contract contained a delegation clause, in which the contracting parties themselves decided whether the court or arbitrator would decide challenges to arbitrability.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The delegation clause stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [t]he Arbitrator, and not a
ny federal, state, or local court or agency, shall have exclusive authority to resolve any dispute relating to the interpretation, applicability, enforceability or formation of this Agreement including, but not limited to any claim that all or any part of
 this Agreement is void or voidable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Court distinguished between the overall arbitration agreement (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ), and the agreement to arbitrate arbitrability (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 delegation clause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 2778-79.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 challenged only the validity of the contract as a whole}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  rather than the validity of the delegation clause.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 2779.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Court held that the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s challenge to the arbitration agreement as unconscionable\emdash 
that the plaintiff had been required to sign as a condition of his employment\emdash had to be arbitrated because the delegation clause }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 clearly and unmistakably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  gave the arbitrator exclusive authority over the enforceability of the agreement to arbitrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 2775, 2779.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In accordance with a valid 
delegation clause, questions of arbitrability (including the arbitrability of the overall agreement to arbitrate) must go to an arbitrator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 2778-79.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [32]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Buckeye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  involved a putative class action filed in state court alleging the underlying contract
 signed by Buckeye and its customers violated state laws prohibiting usury and deceptive trade practices.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 546 U.S. at 443.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Buckeye moved to compel arbitration of that case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari to decide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
whether a court or an arbitrator should consider the claim that a contract containing an arbitration provision is void for illegality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 442.\~ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Supreme Court observed that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
[t]he crux of the complaint is that the contract as a whole (including its arbitration provision) is rendered invalid by the usurious finance charge,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 and went on to conclude that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
because respondents challenge the Agreement, but not specifically its arbitration provisions, those provisions are enforceable apart from the remainder of the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 444, 446.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 It found that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [t]he challenge should therefore be considered by an arbitrator, not a court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 446.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Supreme Court ultimately held that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
regardless of whether the challenge is brought in federal or state court, a challenge to the validity of a contract as a whole, and not specifically to the arbitration clause, must go to the arbitrator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 449.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [33]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Nitro-Lift}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , a party to the con
tract refused to submit to arbitration on the ground that the underlying contract, as a whole, was null and void under state law grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 133 S. Ct. at 501-02.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Supreme Court held that when parties agree to arbitrate contractual disputes,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 attacks on th
e validity of the contract, as distinct from attacks on the validity of the arbitration clause itself, are to be resolved by the arbitrator in the first instance, not by a federal or state court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 For these purposes, an arbitration provision is severable fr
om the remainder of the contract, and its validity is subject to initial court determination; but the validity of the remainder of the contract (if the arbitration provision is valid) is for the arbitrator to decide.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 503 (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [34]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The core of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s statutory scheme addressing arbitration, the Guam International Arbitration Chapter (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 GIAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ),}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  Although the Lease Agreement was executed prior to the GIAC\rquote s enactme
nt, but when the Guam Civil Arbitration Law was in effect, our analysis would still be the same because the Civil Arbitration Law mirrors the Federal Arbitration Act.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  Civil Arbitration Law, 7 GCA \'a7 42101 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid10314487 et seq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  (1993), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11999080\charrsid15870599 repealed by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  Guam Pub. L. 27-081:2 (2004), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
 Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C.A. \'a7 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid10314487 et seq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
  As explained earlier, federal courts, when interpreting the Federal Arbitration Act, have found that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 challenge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\insrsid11999080 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859  to the validity of a contract as a whole, and not specifically to the arbitration clause, must go to the arbitrator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs41\insrsid11999080 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid14099553 Buckeye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
, 546 U.S. at 449.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  reflects the same approach and is consistent with the holdings of this court and the United States Supreme Court:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
A court before which an action is brought in a matter which is the subject of an arbitration agreement shall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, if a party so requests not later than when submitting his or her first statement on the substance of the dispute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
refer the parties to arbitration unless it finds that the agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\highlight7\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 7 GCA \'a7 42A202(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
 This citation format reflects the format used in the electronic version of the Guam Code Annotated found on the Guam Compiler of Laws website at the time of publication of this Opinion.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (2005) (emphases added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The GIAC defines }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
arbitration agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  as:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputes which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
An arbitration agreement may be in the form of an arbitration clause in a contract or in the form of a separate agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 7 GCA \'a7
 42A201(a) (2005) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Th
e plain language of the two sections above shows that, regardless of whether an arbitration agreement is in the form of an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 arbitration clause in a contract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  or a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
separate agreement,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 the arbitration agreement must be analyzed separately and distinctly from the underlying contract to determine whether the arbitration agreement is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 42A201(a), 42A202(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Another section in the GIAC corroborates this reading of sections 42A201(a) and 42A202(a):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The arbitral tribunal may rule on its own jurisdiction, including any objections with respect to the existence, scope or validity of the arbitration agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 For that purpose, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
an arbitration clause which forms part of a contract shall be treated as an agreement independent of the other terms of the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 A decision by the arbitral tribunal that the contract is null and void shall not entail }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
ipso jure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 the invalidity of the arbitration clause}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par 7 GCA \'a7 42A401(a) (2005) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [35]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Based on the GIAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s statutory framework, the validity of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 arbitration agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  and the underlying contract must be analyzed separately.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2003 Guam 2 \'b6 16 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Salsitz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 761 N.E.2d at 731).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
s authority to determine the validity and enforceability of an arbitration agreement does not necessarily permit it to entertain a challenge to the validity and enforceability of the underlying contract as a whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
This is so because an agreement to arbitrate may be enforceable regardless of the enforceability of the underlying contract of which it is a part.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs40\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [36]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
In this case, the trial court should have focused on the issue of whether the Arbitration Agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \emdash instead of the Lease Agreement as a whole\emdash was valid and enforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Arbitration Agreement, however, played no role in the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s refusal to compel arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See generally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  RA, tab 19 (Dec. & Order, Mar. 12, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The trial court made no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
finding that any ground in equity or law, such as fraud or unconscionability, existed to prevent the enforcement of the arbitration provision itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Instead, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s analysis focused solely on whether the Lease Agreement as a whole\emdash as opposed to the Arbitration Agreement itself\emdash was valid and enforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Further, the Port does not contest the validity and enforceability of the Arbitration Agreement itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Br. at 6-10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The crux of the Port}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s argument is that the Arbitration Agreement is unenforceable because the Lease Agreement as a whole is void under 12 GCA \'a7 10105(i).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, the Arbitration Agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  i
s valid and enforceable, and the trial court erred in finding that the Arbitration Agreement is unenforceable and in failing to compel arbitration pursuant to the terms of the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-450\li450\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin450\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 B.\tab 
Whether Sovereign Immunity and the Government Claims Act Bar Arbitration
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [37]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The trial court found that the Government Claims Act was a jurisdictional bar to Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s claims against the Port.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 19 at 4 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 This finding, however, was made prematurely because the trial court should have f
irst determined whether sovereign immunity was even implicated before addressing the applicability of the Government Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See Wood v. Guam Power Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2000 Guam 18, at *4 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Organic Act is not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 subservient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  to the laws made by the Legislature; it grants the Legislature the power to waive sovereign immunity as it sees fit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Munoz v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , No. 76\endash 16A, 1978 WL 13511, at *1 (D. Guam App. Div. Mar. 13, 1978))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 1.\tab 
Whether sovereign immunity bars arbitration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [38]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK argues that sovereign immunity is not implicated in this case and relies heavily on this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Br. at 20-22.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The Port argues that sovereign immunity is implicated, but that it could be waived by obtaining legislative waivers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Br. at 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [39]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 There is no question that the Government of Guam possesses inherent sovereign immunity from suit without its consent pursuant to the Organic Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Limtiaco v. Guam Fire Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2007 Guam 10 \'b6 39 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Marx v. Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 866 F.2d 294, 298 (9th Cir. 1989); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Crain v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 195 F.2d 414, 417 (9th Cir. 1952)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Organic Act provides, in relevant part, that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The government of Guam shall have the powers set forth in this Act, shall have power to sue by such name, and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
with the consent of the legislature evidenced by enacted law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, may be sued upon any contract entered into with respect to, or any tort committed incident to, the exercise by the government of Guam of any of its lawful powers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7
 1421a (Westlaw through Pub. L. 113-74 (2014)) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
However, this court held in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 the doctrine of sovereign immunity is not in any way implicated or threatened by the Government}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s compliance with its contract obligations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 13 n.2 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 United States v. Bankers Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 245 F.3d 315, 320 (4th Cir. 2001)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [40]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  involved a dispute between the Government of Guam and Pacificare (a private entit
y) regarding coverage under a health insurance agreement that the court found was subject to the Federal Arbitration Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 FAA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  The fact that the agreement in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  was subject to the FAA is irrelevant.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid15954173 
Ario v. Underwriting Members of Syndicate 53 at Lloyds for 1998 Year of Account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15954173 618 F.3d 277}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
, 288}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15954173  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 (3d Cir. 2010)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15954173  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid16131794 when \'93parties have agreed to abide by state rules of arbitration, enforcing those rules according to the terms of the agreement is fully consistent with the goals of the FAA.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  (citations omitted)).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6\'b6 1, 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare submitted the dispute to arbitration as required under the agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The arbitration panel entered an award in favor of Pacificare, who then sought to enforce the award in the Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The trial court, however, denied Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
s request and vacated the arbitration award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 On appeal, the Government raised the sovereign immunity defense, which this court found to be unpersuasive.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6 13 n.2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
This court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 held that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
[b]y entering into an agreement referring disputes to arbitration, the Government is bound by the provisions of such agreement as any other party would [be], and [the] claim of sovereign immunity is unavailing to prevent enforcement of the agreement.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Hardie v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 367 F.3d 1288, 1290-91 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (rejecting claim of the United States that sovereign immunity bars compelled arbitration)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [41]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In this case, the trial court did not address }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , and w
ithout offering much analysis on the issue of sovereign immunity, it simply entered an order stating that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
the Court agrees with Defendant that the Government Claims Act is a jurisdictional bar to YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s claims against the Port Authority of Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Port Authority being a government of Guam entity, compels the Court to consider sovereign immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Sovereign immunity is explicitly waived by statute for certain governmental actions that are contractual in nature or that sound in tort.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Guam Legislature has specifically provided a limited waiver of the Government of Guam}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s sovereign immunity through the Government Claims Act (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Claims Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7\'a76101 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 et seq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam Police Department v. Superior Court (Lujan)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2001 Guam 8 \'b6 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 19 at 4 (Dec. & Order).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 This court, however, made it clear in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 that sovereign immunity is not implicated or threatened in cases such as this, where a valid and enforceable arbitration agreement exists.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 13 n.2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Just as the Government of Guam was bound in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 to adhere to the terms of the arbitration agreement in the health insurance contract, so too should the Port.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 By agreeing to arbitrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [a]ll disputes and controversies of every kind and nature . . . arising out of or in connection with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  the Lease Agreement, the Port affirmatively agreed to submit to arbitration and may not use sovereign immunity as a shield to renege on that agreement.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 3, Ex. 1 at 27 (Dev. & Lease Agreement).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 For us to allow the Port to invoke sovereign i
mmunity under these circumstances would essentially permit the Port to selectively hide behind the cloak of sovereign immunity when doing so would serve its litigation objectives.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 This is the very concern expressed by this court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 It is apparently what the Port is attempting to do in this case, considering that it had previously participated in arbitration proceedings with Guam YTK.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [42]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 because sovereign immunity is not implicated or threatened in this case, the 
Port must comply with its agreement to arbitrate matters that are within the scope of the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [43]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
However, even if the Port is correct in arguing that sovereign immunity is implicated, sovereign immunity is waived under the Government Claims Act, which waives actions in contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7
 6105(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s action to compel arbitration is an action in contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See United States v. Park Place Assocs., Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 563 F.3d 907, 919 (9th Cir. 2009) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 An action under the FAA is an action in contract to enforce the arbitration provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Volt Info. Scis., Inc. v. Bd. of Trs. of Leland Stanford Junior Univ.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 489 U.S. 468, 474 (1989))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, even if sovereign immunity is implicated, it has been waived.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 2.\tab 
Whether the Government Claims Act bars arbitration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [44]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
After finding that the Arbitration Agreement was unenforceable, the trial court held that it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 in agreement with [the Port] that if [Guam YTK] has a legitimate claim against the Port Authority, its exclusive remedy is the Government Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 RA, tab 19 at 5 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK argues that the Arbitration Agreement is not subject to the Government Claims Act because arbitration is an alternative means of resolving disputes, 
and actions to enforce arbitration agreements are outside the scope of the Government Claims Act because they do not involve a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  for damages }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 incurred in reliance upon a contract to which the Government of Guam is a party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Reply Br. at 16 (Aug. 27, 2013) (quoting 5 GCA \'a7 6105(a) (2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 It argues that the Government Claims Act does not bar arbitration because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 arbitration agreements involve }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 alternative}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  means of resolving disputes, and a party is entitled to enforce any valid arbitration agreement or award through the Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s duly-enacted statute, GIAC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citing 7 GCA 42A202(a)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [45]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
In support of its argument, Guam YTK relies on two cases: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount Unified School District v. Teachers Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 n of Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 32 Cal. Rptr. 2d 311 (Ct. App. 1994) [hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ], and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 State v. P.G. Miron Construction Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 512 N.W.2d 499 (Wis. 1994) [hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [46]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , an employee grievance was filed against the school district alleging viola
tions of the collective bargaining agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 32 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 311.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The matter was referred to arbitration as provided in the agreement, and an award was subsequently entered in favor of the employee.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The school district petitioned the trial court to vacate the arbitration award, arguing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , that the arbitration award was barred by the California Tort Claims Act because the employee failed to comply with its claim filing requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The district court denied the petition.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The appellate court affirmed the decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Although the appellate court found that the issue had been waived because it was never raised before the arbitrator, it nonetheless addressed the issue on the merits }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 for the future guidance of arbitrators and courts confronted with this issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The court stated, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Were the issue properly before us, we would conclude that the instant arbitration award is not barred by the Tort Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 It reasoned that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [t]he submission of a dispute to arbitration as an alternative to judicial adjudication is a matter of contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 
" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The court also stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
When parties voluntarily agree to submit their controversy to the arbitration process, they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 remove it from the procedures applicable to trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 They thereupon [become] bound by the rules of law pertaining to arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Nonjudicial arbitration proceedings are generally regulated by the procedural rules established by the arbitration agency; such proceedings are not necessarily controlled by the Code of Civil Pro
cedure unless expressly provided by that code (Code Civ. Proc., \'a7 1280 et seq.), by the arbitration rules, by the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  contract, or other provisions of law regulating such nonjudicial arbitration.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Inasmuch a
s the binding arbitration conducted herein was an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 alternative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 to judicial adjudication, it is clear that there never was, and will never be, a judicial adjudication of the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  dispute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s involvement was limited to the entertaining of a
 special proceeding to confirm or to vacate the award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Thus, the claims filing provisions are superfluous to this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Stated another way, this case did not involve any claim for money or damages within the meaning of the Tort Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [47]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, the court held that the statutory claims procedure was not applicable to arbitration because no lawsuit was initiated against the state when the contractor invoked its right to arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 512 N.W.2d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 503.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The court decided that there was no reason for it to determine whether the legislature expressly consented to arbitration because it was not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  as the term is used in the context of the sovereign immunity doctrine.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
The court defined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 any proceeding by one person or persons against another or others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
in a court of law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 in which the plaintiff pursues, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 in such court
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , the remedy which the law affords him for the redress of an injury or the enforcement of a right, whether at law or equity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (quoting }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Black}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Law Dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  1434 (6th ed. 1990)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [48]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 However, contrary to the holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 court held that the enforcement of the arbitration award under the state}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s Arbitration Act, which governs implementation and execution o
f arbitration procedures in the state, is not appropriate in arbitration actions against the state because it is contrary to the statutory claims procedure required for claims against the state.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 504.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As such, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at the conclusion of the arbitration pr
ocess, Miron must submit any claim it may want to assert against the state to the claims board for processing . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 504.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [49]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Based upon the two cases above, two different approaches could be considered in this case, both of which are discussed below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Both approaches assume a valid and enforceable arbitration exists.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 a.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [50]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach, the parties are required to arbitrate issues that fall within the scope of the Arbitration Agreement and must also adhere t
o the arbitration rules and procedures set forth in the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5455899 Subject to limitations imposed by law}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5455899  the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid5455899 
 agreement governs the arbitration process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080   However, if the agreement is silent on certain arbitration procedures}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid11682859 
, the parties would then be required to follow the procedures set forth in the GIAC, which is the local regime for the enforcement of arbitration agreements and arbitration awards.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See Ario}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
, 618 F.3d at 288 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [P]arties [may] contract to arbitrate pursuant
 to arbitration rules or procedures borrowed from state law, [and] the federal policy is satisfied so long as their agreement is enforced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Roadway Package Sys., Inc. v. Kayser}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 257 F.3d 287, 292 (3d Cir. 2001))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Here, the Arbitration Agreement provides procedures for demanding arbitration under section 17.2 of the agreement and for the confirmation of arbitration awards pursuant to section 17.5.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  RA, tab 3, Ex. 1 at 27-28 (Dev. & Lease Agreement).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 We therefore interpret sections 17.2 and 17.5 of the Arbitration Agreement to reflect the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  intent to be bound by the rules and procedures of arbitration as provided under the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 For instance, with respect to confirming an arbitration award, the Arbitration Agreement states: }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Any decision or award rendered by a majority of the arbitrators appointed under this Lease shall be final and binding on all parties to the proceeding, and judgment on such award may be entered and confirmed by either party in the Superior Court of Guam 
pursuant to 7 [GCA] Section 42107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  of the prior arbitration act\emdash 
the Guam Civil Arbitration Law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  at 28.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Because the Arbitration Agreement references the procedures under section 42107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  Section 42107 of the Civil Arbitration Law provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11999080 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 If the parties in their agreement have agreed that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
judgment of the court shall be entered upon the award made pursuant to the arbitration, and shall specify the court, then at any time within one year after the award is made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957  any party to the arbitration may apply to the court so specified for an order confirming the award, and thereupon the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected as prescribed in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \'a742108}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \'a742109}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
 of this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Chapter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
If no court is specified in the agreement of the parties, then such application may be made to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Superior Court of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
Notice of the application shall be served upon the adverse party, and thereupon the court shall have jurisdiction of such party as though he had appeared generally in the proceeding. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 If the adverse party is a resident of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
, such service shall be made upon the adverse party or his attorney as prescribed by law for service of notice of motion in an action in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 Superior C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 ourt. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 
If the adverse party shall be a nonresident, then the notice of the application shall be served in like manner as other process of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 s served on nonresidents}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid12194957 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 7 GCA \'a7 42107 (1993), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11999080\charrsid15870599 repealed by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080  P.L. 27-081:2.  Section 42107 of the Civil Arbitration Law is identical to section 42A702(b) of the GIAC and section 9 of the FAA.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 of the Civil Arbitration Law for purposes of confirming an arbitration award, the parties would have to adhere to section 42107 when attempting to confirm in court any arbitration award entered in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
 Although the award confirmation process of the Guam Civil Arbitration Law applies in this case, the analysis would still be the same if the GIAC applied.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 See supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080  note 6 and accompanying text.  If the GIAC applied, the parties would follow the GIAC process.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 , 7 GCA \'a7\'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172  42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172 701 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 GIAC\rquote 
s process for vacating or setting aside an arbitration award), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172 42}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172 702 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 GIAC\rquote s process for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172  confirm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 or setting aside an arbitration}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid10828172  award)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [51]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Any arbitration award entered will be f
inal and conclusive and will not be vacated unless allowed by agreement or law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Therefore, under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 approach, the parties would completely bypass the Government Claims Act claims filing process, which, if applicable, would subject the arbitration award to additional review on the merits, as explained below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 32 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 320}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\delrsid1914624\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 (stating that the claims filing provisions are superfluous).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1260\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1260\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 b.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [52]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach is identical to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 approach to the extent that both require the parties to submit to arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 However, unlike the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 approach, any arbitration award entered would be subject to the Government Claims Act claims filing process when it comes to confirming or vacating the arbitration award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 512 N.W.2d at 504 (holding that enforcement of an award under the state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s arbitration act would not be appropriate because it is contrary to the statutory process required for claims against the state).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Accordingly, any p
rocedure set forth in the arbitration agreement related to confirming or vacating the arbitration award would be replaced with the Government Claims Act claims filing procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [53]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach is akin to the framework set forth in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacific Rock Corp. v. Department of Education}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2001 Guam 21 [hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacific Rock II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacific Rock II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , this court held that when a party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s claim for breach of contract for monetary damages is subject to the Procurement Law, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 the Procurement Law serves as the final administrative remedy that is a prerequisite to filing a claim pursuant to the Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 2001 Guam 21 \'b6\'b6
 1, 53 (discussing the interplay between the Guam Procurement Law and the Government Claims Act in a breach of contract case for monetary damages).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [54]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Guam YTK argues that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacific Rock II }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 is analogous to this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11999080 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid11999080 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
 We disagree that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid15349599 Pacific Rock II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15349599  is analogous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 for the following reasons}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15349599 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080   First, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080 Pacific Rock II }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 
does not involve an agreement to arbitrate.  Second, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129 the framework provided in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129 Pacific Rock II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 runs afoul of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 policy favoring the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129  finality and conclusiveness of an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 arbitration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080\charrsid15804129 awar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11999080 d because under that framework (as explained below), the award would still be subject to additional review on the merits at the Government Claims Act level and then potentially with the judicial system.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  and that it provides }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 essential guidance for harmonizing the different laws at issue here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Reply Br. at 19.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Guam YTK argues that because the Lease Agreement is subject to the Procurement Law, the parties would have been required to exhaust their administrative remedies under the Procurement Law had it not been for the Arbitration Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 & n.6 (quoting 12 GCA \'a7 10105(b) (2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
However, given that the parties have executed an arbitration agreement, Guam YTK argues that they are bound to exhaust the arbitration remedy before they could take any legal or administrative action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ; }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also Brown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2003 Guam 2 \'b6 16 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Salsitz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  761 N.E.2d at 731).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [55]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The arbitration remedy is exhausted upon th
e issuance of an arbitration award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 512 N.W.2d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\delrsid10842369\charrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 504 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Though the arbitration process is distinct from a judicial proceeding, any award granted at the conclusion of arbitration may itself become the subject of a suit, since at that point, an actual claim has come into existence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 At that point, the parties would have to initiate the Government Claims Act process by filing a claim with the Claims Officers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 within 18 months from the date the claim arose.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7\'a7 6106(a), 6201 (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  Reply Br. at 20 (arguing that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 the remedies and time limits under t
he [Government] Claims Act are clearly not triggered until the agreed-upon arbitration procedures or administrative remedies have run their course.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
If a claimant fails to file a timely government claim, a suit based on the unfiled claim will be barred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7 6106(b) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [56]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Upon receipt of the claim, the Claims Officer would then have to investigate each claim to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 determine its merits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7 6203 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 This involves }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
administer[ing] oaths to claimants and witnesses, and to require the production of any books, records or documents that may be material or relative as evidence in connection with the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7 6204 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Claims Officer, if necessary, may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 conduct a formal hearing in connection with the investigation of any claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7 6205 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 If the claim is rejected, the claimant may then institute an action in the Superior Court of Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 5 GCA \'a7 6208 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1267\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1267\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 c.\tab Adoption of the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [57]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Based upon the above, we find that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach is in line with our local and national policies favoring arbitration, and we herein adopt the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As stated previously, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [b]y entering into an agreement referring disputes to arbitration, the Government is bound by the provisions of such agreement as any other party would . . . .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Pacificare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 2004 Guam 17 \'b6 13 n.2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [58]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 approach ensures the arbitration award is final and conclusive, and that only limited judicial review is available as set forth in the arbitration agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Under this approach, courts may not review the merits of the controversy, the validity of the arbitrator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s reasoning, or the correctness of the arbitration award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  \'b6\'b6 24, 50.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [59]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 To adopt the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 approach would seriously undermine this court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s and the Guam Legislature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s strong policy consideration for the use and promotion of the arbitration process.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach
, once an arbitration award is submitted to the Claims Officer under the Government Claims Act process, the officer is authorized to vacate an award based on the merits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 As such, the officer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s review of the award will not be limited in scope, as the office
r is authorized to question witnesses, review exhibits, and even hold hearings on the merits of the arbitration award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Therefore, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Miron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 approach contradicts our policies favoring arbitration and would defeat the purpose of requiring the parties to adhere to their agreement to arbitrate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [60]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Further, it appears that the United States Supreme Court favors the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Paramount}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 See Southland Corp. v. Keating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , 465 U.S. 1 (1984).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Keating}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 , the Supreme Court held that the California Franchise Investment
 Law, which required judicial consideration of claims brought pursuant to that statute, was preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 10-16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 The Supreme Court stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [i]n enacting \'a7 2 of the federal Act, Congress declared a national policy fav
oring arbitration and withdrew the power of the states to require a judicial forum for the resolution of claims which the contracting parties agreed to resolve by arbitration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 " 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 at 10.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [61]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
Therefore, the trial court erred in finding that the Government Claims Act is a jurisdictional bar to Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s claims.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1596985 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985\charrsid1596985 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 [62]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
We find that the Arbitration Agreement is valid and enforceable and that arbitration is not barred by sovereign immunity and the Government Claims Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 We further find that the Arbitration Agreement applies to Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s breach of contract claims for relief because the claims }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 aris[es] out of or in connection with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  the Lease Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985  the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
s denial of Guam YTK}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1596985 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 s motion to compel arbitration on all issues, and }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080\charrsid1596985 
 the case for the trial court to compel arbitration on all issues arising out of or in connection with the Lease Agreement and to make findings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999080 
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