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\par ADRIAN L. CRISTOBAL, CONCEPCION F. CRISTOBAL,
\par JORGE E.U. CRISTOBAL, BEATRIZ CRISTOBAL,
\par E.C. LEON GUERRERO, JUAN B. LEON GUERRERO,
\par ALBERTO C. LAMORENA, III, TRUSTEE, and FE C. LAMORENA,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Plaintiffs-Appellants,
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\ltrch\fcs0 \ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 v.
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\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 JEFFREY SIEGEL, FRANCIS L. GILL, and CORAL PIT, INC.,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Defendants-Appellees.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 July 7, 2014
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par Cite as: 2014 Guam 16
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No.: CVA13-026
\par Superior Court Case No.: CV0442-88
\par 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on February 21, 2014
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts24\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12399055\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 Appearing for Plaintiffs-Appellants:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 Anthony R. Camacho, Esq.
\par GCIC Bldg.
\par 414 W. Soledad Ave., Ste. 808}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\ul\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 Appearing for Defendants-Appellees:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 William C. Bischoff, Esq.
\par HCR Box 17268
\par Inarajan, GU 96915
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts24\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid12399055\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par TORRES, C.J.:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Plaintiffs-Appellants Adrian L. Cristobal, Concepcion F. Cristobal, Jorge E.U. Cristobal, Beatriz Cristobal, E.C. Leon Guerrero, Juan B. Leon Guerrero, Alberto C. Lamorena, III, Trustee, and Fe C. Lamorena (collectively, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ) appeal from an Amended Final Judgment issued by the trial court sua sponte.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 They argue that the amendment of the Final Judgment seventeen years after it was entered violates G
uam Rules of Civil Procedure (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ) Rules 59(e), 60(a), and 60(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Defendant-Appellee Bottomless Pit, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037728 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid15037728 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15037728  Appellee Bottomless Pit, LLC is the successor in interest to Coral Pit, Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728\charrsid5662075 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15037728\charrsid5662075 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 ecord on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728\charrsid5662075 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 ppeal (\'93RA\'94)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15037728\charrsid5662075 , tab 343 at 1(GRCP Rule 70}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728  Mot., Mar. 1, 2010); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728\charrsid1400268 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 13 (Nov. 29, 2013)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Bottomless Pit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ) argues that the trial court did not err and that the Amended Final Judgment merely reiterated the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s jurisdiction over the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  earlier Settlement Agreement, and corrected a clerical mistake pursuant to GRCP 60(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab We find that the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s sua sponte
 amendment of the Final Judgment seventeen years after its entry, without giving the parties notice or an opportunity to be heard, and without giving any reason for doing so, was in error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Therefore, we vacate the Amended Final Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Most of the facts of this case were before this court in 2012, when it decided Cristobal v. Siegel, 2012 Guam 16 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
In 1986, the Cristobals and Coral Pit entered into a lease agreement and option to purchase regarding a piece of land owned by the Cristobals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 A dispute arose between the parties which resulted in the Cristobals filing CV0442-88 on June 1, 1988.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037728 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15037728 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15037728  Of the plaintiffs who filed CV0442-88, only Estate of Jorge E.U. Cristobal, Alberto C. Lamorena III, Trustee, and Estate of Fe C. Lamorena appealed the trial court\rquote s Amended Final Judgment.  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Extensive litigation ensued.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal I, 2012 Guam 16 \'b6 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In 1996, the parties entered into a Settlement Agreement and filed a Stipulation and Order for the Settlement and Compromise of Claims (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Stipulation and Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
The Stipulation and Order incorporated the Settlement Agreement and attached it by reference; ordered the parties to perform under the Settlement Agreement; dismissed CV0442-88 with prejudice; and retained jurisdiction to enforce the Settlement Agreement.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The court subsequently entered a final judgment (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Final Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ) that reflected the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  agreement to the Stipulation and Order, dismissed the case with prejudice, and asserted that }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [t]hi
s Court shall retain jurisdiction over the Settlement Agreement to enforce the terms and conditions thereof.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
), tab 172 at 1 (Final Judgment, Mar. 14, 1996).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab For the following ten years, the parties}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  negotiations to perform thei
r obligations under the Settlement Agreement largely failed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
The parties continue to dispute these obligations to date.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In 2010, 
Bottomless Pit filed a motion pursuant to GRCP 70, requesting the court to require the Cristobals to convey property to it in accordance with the Settlement Agreement, or enter a judgment divesting the Cristobals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  title to the property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
The trial court granted the motion, finding that the Stipulation and Order directed the Cristobals to convey land under GRCP 70.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 On appeal, this court reversed the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s decision, holding that the Stipulation and Order was not a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  within the meaning of GRCP 70.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab Bottomless Pit subsequently filed a motion 
for the trial court to issue an Order to Show Cause and to make additional findings that would render GRCP 70 applicable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 After a hearing on the matter, the court denied Bottomless Pit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s motion for an order to show cause relating to the Cristobals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  failure to comply with the Settlement Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The court cited Cristobal I, stating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 absent the order containing these terms [of the Settlement Agreement] the court is unable to initiate contempt proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 392 at 4 (Dec. & Order, July 30, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Second, the trial court dismissed Bottomless Pit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s GRCP 70 motion without prejudice pursuant to Cristobal I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab Lastly, the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 sua sponte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
issued the Amended Final Judgment that is the subject of this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
After noting that the matter came to the court upon remand, the Amended Final Judgment states, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Accordingly the court amends its March 14, 1996 final judgment . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 393 at 1 (Am. Final Judgment, July 30, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 It then copied the entirety of the Settlement Agreement verbatim into the amended judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The Amended Final Judgment further omitted the Final Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s dismissal of CV0442-88 with prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal appealed the Amended Final Judgment on August 28, 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab This court has jurisdiction over appeals from
 the final judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 113-120 (2014)) and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b) and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab We review denial of GRCP
 59(e) motions for abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Ward v. Reyes, 1998 Guam 1 \'b6
 10; Guam Bar Ethics Comm. v. Maquera, 2001 Guam 20 \'b6\~8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Likewise, denials of a motion brought pursuant to GRCP 60(b) are reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Mariano v. Surla, 2010 Guam 2 \'b6 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 This court has not yet reviewed a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s sua sponte amendment of a judgment under GRCP 59(e) or 60(b), and thus has not articulated a standard of review in those circumstances.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 However, the Ninth Circuit has applied the same standard of review \endash  abuse of discretion 
\endash  where the trial court acts sua sponte under FRCP 60(b), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Kingvision Pay-Per-View Ltd. v. Lake Alice Bar, 168 F.3d 347, 350 (9th Cir. 1999), and we adopt this standard of review in such cases.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab Denials of a GRCP
 60(a) motion are reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Kerrigan v. Gill
, No. CV95-00072A, 1996 WL 104517, at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. Mar. 6, 1996).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 We review issues of statutory interpretation de novo.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 People v. Alisasis, 2006 Guam 9 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab At issue is whether the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  amendment of the Final Judgment amounts to an abuse of discretion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
However, before addressing this issue, we must first address whether the 1996 Final Judgment constitutes a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  for the purposes of GRCP 59(e) and 60(a)-(b), that the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 amended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  by issuing the Amended Final Judgment in 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab The trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 amended}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  or altered the 1996 Final Judgment when it issued the Amended Final Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 172 (Final Judgment, Mar. 14, 1996), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 393 (Am. Final Judgment).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The Amended Final Judgment included the entire text of the Settlement Agreement that was attached to the Stipulation and Order, where it was previously only referenced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 393 (Am. Final Judgment); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Black}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s Law Dictionary 89 (8th ed. 2004) (defining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 amend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 inserting or substituting words}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  (emphasis added)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In addition, it entirely omitted the Final Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s order of dismissal with prejudice of CV0422-88.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 RA, tab 393 (Am. Final Judgment).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab In addition, the Final Judgment is 
a judgment for the purposes of GRCP 59(e) and 60(a)-(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 54
(a) defines }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 a decree and any order from which an appeal lies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 54(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Therefore, a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  refers to a final judgment or an appealable interlocutory order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal I, 2012 Guam 16 \'b6 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 A final judgment is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id. \'b6 11 (quoting 7 GCA \'a7 21101 (2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Appealable interlocutory orders are certain orders which may be reviewed at this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 7 GCA \'a7 3108(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
At the time the Final Judgment was entered on March 14, 1996, however, the parties did not need to obtain permission to appeal interlocutory orders under the rules of civil procedure then in effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  Guam Code Civ. Proc. \'a7\'a7 63, 936, 963 (1970).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037728 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid15037728 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 
 The Final Judgment was issued before the creation of this court, and appeals from the Superior Court were heard by the District Court of Guam Appellate Division.  According to Rule 63 of the Guam Code of Civil Procedure, which was in effect at that time
, \'93[t]he District Court of Guam [Appellate Division] shall have jurisdiction of appeals from the judgments, orders, and decrees of the Island Court in . . . civil causes and proceedings as provided in the Code of Civil Procedure . . . .\'94
  Guam Code Civ. Proc. \'a7 63 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728\charrsid13267360 (1970).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab In Cristobal I
, this court discussed whether the Stipulation and Order was a judgment under GRCP 70.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 It found that because the Stipulation and Order did not direct a land conveyance or other specific acts required by GRCP
 70 in a separate entry of judgment, it did not qualify as a final judgment for purposes of GRCP 70.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal I, 2012 Guam 16 \'b6\'b6 10-12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 By contrast, GRCP 59(e) and 60 do not limit their purview only to final judgments or require specific acts in a separate entry of judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 59(e), 60(a)-(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 59(e) refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 a judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  GRCP 60(a) refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 judgments, orders, or other parts of the record,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  and GRCP 60(b) refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 a final judgment, order, or proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 59(e), 60(a)-(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Therefore, the Final Judgment need not be a final judgment in order to come under the purview of 59(e) or 60.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Nonetheless, the Final Judgment is a final judgment under our rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
It dismisses CV0442-88 with prejudice, and retains its jurisdiction over the Settlement Agreement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 This would definitively dispose of the litigation regarding this issue, acting as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 final determination of the rights of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Cristobal I, 2012 Guam 16 \'b6 11 (quoting 7 GCA \'a7 21101).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Therefore, even though the Stipulation and Order was not a judgment within the meaning of GRCP 70, the Final Judgment is properly considered a judgment under GRCP
 54(a), and for the purposes of GRCP 59(e) and 60(a)-(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 A. \tab Amendment of the Final Judgment Pursuant to GRCP 59(e) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab GRCP 59(e) states that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
[a]ny motion to alter or amend a judgment shall be filed no later than 10 days after the entry of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 59(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 However, this rule refers to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 motions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  to amend a judgment, and does not indicate whether the trial court may amend a judgment on its own initiative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In this case, the trial court issued the Amended Final Judgment sua sponte, and not on a
 motion of any party to this controversy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab Courts have recognized that FRCP 59(e)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s language is ambiguous with regard to a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s authority to act sua sponte.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In Burnam v. Amoco Container Co., the Eleventh Circuit held that FRCP
 59(e), which is identical to GRCP 59(e), allows a trial court to act sua sponte in amending a judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 738 F.2d 1230, 1232 (11th Cir. 1984).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The court recognized that FRCP 60(a) and 59(d), also analogous to Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s rules, expressly authorize the court to act upon its own initiative, while 59(e) is silent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The court went on to state that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Arguably, such silence implies that the court lacks such power.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
We decline to make such an inference.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
As the authors of one treatise explain, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
[t]he authorizations in Rules 60(a) and 59(d) for the court to act on its own motion are only declaratory examples of the general power of the court to act on its own initiative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par Id. (quoting 6A James Wm. Moore et al., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Moore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s Federal Practice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  \'b6 59.12[4]).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Burnam held that the court may amend a judgment sua sponte under FRCP
 59(e) so long as it does so within the prescribed ten-day time period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Other circuits have cited to the Eleventh Circuit without expressly adopting the rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See Dr. Jose S. Belaval, Inc. v. Perez-Perdomo, 465 F.3d 33, 37 n.3 (1st Cir. 2006); Marshall v. Shalala, 5 F.3d 453, 454 (10th Cir. 1993).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In Dr. Jose S. Belaval, the First Circuit found error based on the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s failure to give the
 parties prior notice and an opportunity to be heard, both required by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 structure of the federal rules and the constitutional guarantee of due process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 465 F.3d at 37.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab In addition, several federal 
trial courts have found that they may amend judgments sua sponte pursuant to FRCP 59(e), as long as they act within the applicable time period.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See D.L. v. Unified Sch. Dist. #497, No. 00-2439-CM, 2002 WL 31296445, at *2 (D. Kan. Oct. 1, 2002); Bryant v. N.J. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 t of Transp., 998 F. Supp. 438, 442 (D.N.J. 1998); Garcia v. Allstate Ins., No. 1:12\endash cv\endash 
00609\endash AWI\endash SKO, 2013 WL 1737014, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2013); Graham v. Hoffer, No. 1:05-CV-2679, 2008 WL 4570667, at *1 (M.D. Pa. Oct. 10, 2008); Ram v. N.M. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 t of Env}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 t, No. Civ 05-1083 JB/WPL, 2007 WL 5239192, at *1 n.1. (D.N.M. July 6, 2007); Cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 l Lab. Prods., Inc. v. Medax Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 l, Inc., 114 F. Supp. 2d 992, 994 n.1 (S.D. Cal. 2000); Sargent v. Columbia Forest Prods., Inc., 
No. 2:93-CV-116, 1994 WL 902817, at *2 (D. Vt. Sept. 7, 1994); Thomas v. Bd. of Exam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 rs, No. 85 C 09647, 1986 WL 5662, at *2 (N.D. Ill. May 2, 1986).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
We hold that the trial court may amend a judgment sua sponte pursuant to GRCP 59(e), as long as it does so within the ten-day time limit of the rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In addition, the trial court must give the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 These requirements were not met here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The trial court amended the Final Judgment seventeen years after its entry, a clear violation of the time limitations of GRCP 59(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Bottomless Pit does not refute this conclusion, and conceded at oral argument that GRCP 59(e) doe
s not apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Oral Argument at 24:28-24:36 (Feb. 21, 2014).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Moreover, the court did not give the parties notice or an opportunity to be heard.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Accordingly, it did not have authority to issue the Amended Final Judgment pursuant to GRCP 59(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 B.\tab Amendment of the Final Judgment Pursuant to GRCP 60(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab GRCP 60(a) states that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
[c]lerical mistakes in judgments, orders or other parts of the record and errors therein arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time of its own initiative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 60(a) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The court may correct such mistakes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 after such notice, if any, as the court orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Clerical errors are generally viewed as mistakes or errors in the transcription or recording of a judgment, rather than broader mistakes in applying law or facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In a criminal case discussing FRCP 60(a) as an analogue, this court recognized that a clerical error }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
must not be one of judgment or even of misidentification, but merely of recitation, of the sort that a clerk or amanuensis might commit, mechanical in nature.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Alisasis, 2006 Guam 9 \'b6 14 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
United States v. Guevremont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 , 829 F.2d 423, 426 (3d Cir. 1987)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In Kerrigan v. Gill, the District Court of Guam Appellate Division stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [GRCP 60(a)]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s intended purpose is to correct }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 blunders in execution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  as opposed to instances in which the court changes its mind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
either because it made a legal or factual mistake in making its original determination, or because on second thought it has decided to exercise its discretion in a manner different from the way it was exercised in the original determination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 1996 WL 104517, at *3 (quoting 
Blanton v. Anzalone, 813 F.2d 1574, 1577 n.2 (9th Cir. 1987)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
It found that clerical mistakes under GRCP 60(a) include changes made to reflect the original intention of the court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 where what is written or recorded is not what the court intended to write or record.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id. (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Blanton}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 , 813 F.2d at 1577); see also Robi v. Five Platters,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 , 918 F.2d 1439, 1445 (9th Cir. 1990) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 A district court judge may properly invoke Rule 60(a) to make a judgment reflect the actual intentions and necessary implications of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ); Waggoner v. R. McGray, Inc., 743 F.2d 643, 644 (9th Cir. 1984).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab In this case, the
re is no evidence that the trial court in 1996 intended to include the text of the entire Settlement Agreement in the Final Judgment, but failed to do so due to a clerical error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Moreover, the Amended Final Judgment did not dismiss the underlying case wit
h prejudice, which clearly goes beyond correction of a clerical error since the original Final Judgment provided for dismissal with prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Therefore, GRCP 60(a) does not apply and the trial court did not have the authority to amend the Final Judgment under this provision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 We now examine whether the Final Judgment could be amended pursuant to GRCP 60(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 C. \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Amendment of the Final Judgment Pursuant to 
GRCP 60(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab GRCP 60(b) provides that a court may relieve a party, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  from a judgment or order for any of six reasons:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; 
\par (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b);
\par (3) fraud . . ., misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; 
\par (4) the judgment is void; 
\par (5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective application; or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 60(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 A motion to amend a judgment under any of GRCP 60(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s provisions must be made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 within a reasonable time,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  but a
 motion made pursuant to subsections (1)-(3) must also be made within one year after judgment is entered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab As with GRCP 59(e), it is unclear whether 
GRCP 60(b) allows a trial court to act on its own initiative absent a motion from one of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Circuits have recognized a split on this issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The Sixth and Tenth Circuits have read FRCP 60(b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s requirement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  to preclude the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s amendment to a judgment sua sponte.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Dow v. Baird, 389 F.2d 882, 884-85 (10th Cir. 1968); United States v. Pauley, 321 F.3d 578, 581 (6th Cir. 2003).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 These courts reason that the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  refer only to motions from the parties, and that FRCP 60(b) lacks the language found in FRCP 
60(a) that expressly authorizes the court to act on its own initiative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Thus, according to the courts that adhere to this position, FRCP
 60(b) prevents the court from acting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Courts that follow the opposing approach, which allows the court to sua sponte amend a judgment under FRCP 60(b), emphasize that there is no language that prevents a court from doing so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In discussing the issue, the Ninth Circuit reasoned that the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  do not refer only to party motions, but to motions of the court as well.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Kingvision, 168 F.3d at 351-52.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In Kingvision, the court stated that: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 60(a) also says, unlike 60(b), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on the motion of any party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  as opposed to the unqualified 60(b) language }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The traditional definition of sua sponte is that the court acts of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 its own will or motion[,]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  so the words }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 on motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  in Rule 60(b) do not plainly exclude sua sponte repairs of mistakes and inadvertence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Id. (citation omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab In United States v. Jacobs
, the court stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
The obvious purpose of the provision [in FRCP 60(b)] for a motion is to permit an informal pleading in the action in which the final judgment had been entered, rather than by a more formal pleading in 
a new and independent action to which reference is made in a later portion of the rule.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The rule need not necessarily be read as depriving the court of the power to act in the interest of justice in an unusual case in which its attention has been directed
 to the necessity for relief by means other than a motion.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 298 F.2d 469, 472 (4th Cir. 1961).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Thus, the purpose of FRCP 60(b) \endash 
 to allow the court to amend judgments \endash  is furthered by the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s ability to act sua sponte.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab The Second, Seventh, Eight
h, Ninth, and Federal Circuits follow the second approach.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See 
Fort Knox Music, Inc. v. Baptiste, 257 F.3d 108, 111 (2d Cir. 2001); Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 l Controls Corp. v. Vesco, 556 F.2d 665, 668 n.2 (2d Cir. 1977); Pierson v. Dormire, 484 F.3d 486, 491-92 (8th Cir. 2007), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 overruled on other grounds by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  Pierson v. Dormire, 276 Fed. Appx. 541 (8th Cir. 2008
); Golden Blount, Inc. v. Robert H. Peterson Co., 438 F.3d 1354, 1359 n.1 (Fed. Cir. 2006); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ee also Judson Atkinson Candies, Inc. v. Latini-Hohberger Dhimantec, 529 F.3d 371, 385 (7th Cir. 2008) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [A]
 majority of circuits to have considered the power of a district court to vacate a judgment under Rule 60(b) have concluded that district courts have the discretion to grant such relief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab Almost al
l courts that follow the second approach also require that the trial court afford the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  e.g., Kingvision, 168 F.3d at 351-52; Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 l Controls Corp., 556 F.2d at 668 n.2; Pierson, 484 F.3d at 491-92.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 The Fifth Circuit requires the court to give written notice to the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In re Timely Secretarial Serv., Inc., 987 F.2d 1167, 1171 (5th Cir. 1993); Chavez v. Balesh, 704 F.2d 774, 777 (5th Cir. 1983).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
We join the approach of the Second, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, and Federal Circuits, and hold that the trial court may amend a judgment sua sponte pursuant to GRCP 60(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 However, the court must abide by the applicable time limitations (i.e., a reasonable time and within one year if acting under subsections (
1)-(3)), and must give the parties notice and an opportunity to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Here, the trial court acted outside of the scope of GRCP 60(b) because it did not give the parties any notice or opportunity to be heard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In addition, none of the provisions of GRCP 60(b) apply in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Subsections (1)-(5) are inapplicable, as there are no allegations of newly discovered evidence, fraud, or that the judgment is void or has been satisfied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037728 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15037728 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid15037728  At oral argument, counsel for Siegel did not argue that subsections (1)-(5) were applicable.  Oral Argument at 29:45-32:00 (Feb. 21, 2014).    }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Subsections (1)-(3) are additionally barred by the one-year time limitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
Moreover, the trial court gave no justification for its issuance of the Amended Final Judgment that would indicate a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 60(b)(6).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 We have held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [c]ourts use rule 60(b)(6) relief sparingly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 as an equitable remedy to prevent manifest injustice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  and grant relief }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 only where extraordinary circumstances prevent a party from taking timely action to prevent or correct an erroneous judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Merchant v. Nanyo Realty, Inc., 1998 Guam 26 \'b6 9 (quoting United States v. Alpine Land & Reservoi
r, Co., 984 F.2d 1047, 1049 (9th Cir. 1993)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
Accordingly, we have been reluctant to approve judgments altered or vacated by the trial court under GRCP 60(b)(6).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 , Parkland Dev., Inc. v. Anderson, 2000 Guam 8 \'b6 16 (attorney}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s negligence not extraordinary circumstances); Merchant, 1998 Guam 26 
\'b6\~9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 But see Brown v. Eastman Kodak Co., 2000 Guam 30 \'b6\'b6\~
17-18 (extraordinary circumstances where attorney suffered from substance abuse and marital problems).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 In the absence of any justification for amending the Final Judgment, let alone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 extraordinary circumstances,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  the issuance of the Amended Final Judgment cannot be a valid exercise of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 s power under GRCP 60(b)(6).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 GRCP 60(b) did not permit the issuance of the Amended Final Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15037728 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\super\insrsid15037728 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15037728  For t
hese reasons, we need not discuss whether the court acted within a \'93reasonable time\'94 in amending the Final Judgment pursuant to the provisions of Rule 60(b).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab 
The trial court was not justified by any procedural rule in issuing the Amended Final Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Accordingly, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion on July 30, 2013, by amending the Final Judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 Although trial courts may, in certain circumstances, amend prior judgments sua sponte pursuant to GRCP
 59(e) and 60(a)-(b), the requirements of these rules were not satisfied here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399055\charrsid12399055 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 \tab For the foregoing reasons, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055 VACATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15037728\charrsid12399055  the Amended Final Judgment.
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8
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2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b
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