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{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Calibri};}
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{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DATA MANAGEMENT RESOURCES, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Petitioner-Appellee,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OFFICE OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Respondent-Appellant.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 and
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GUAM DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Real Party in Interest-Appellee.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DATA MANAGEMENT RESOURCES, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Petitioner-Appellant,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OFFICE OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Respondent-Appellee,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 and
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GUAM DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Real Party in Interest-Appellee.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPINION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 November 22, 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Cite as: 2013 Guam 27
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Supreme Court Case Nos.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 CVA12-018, CVA12-030 (consolidated)
\par Superior Court Case No.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 SP0107-11
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on May 22, 2013
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10181480\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx4200\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5040\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Appearing for Respondent-Appellant:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Anthony R. Camacho, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par GCIC Bldg., Ste. 808
\par 414 W. Soledad Ave.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Appearing for Petitioner-Appellee:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Jacqueline Taitano Terlaje, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Law Office of Jacqueline Taitano Terlaje, P.C. 
\par Nanbo Guahan Bldg., Ste. 204
\par 250 Rte. 4
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par 
\par Appearing for Real Party In Interest-Appellee:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Rebecca M. Perez, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par Guam Dept. of Education
\par P.O. Box DE
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96932}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10181480\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx4200\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5040\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par 
\par BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 CARBULLIDO, C.J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Respondent-Appellant Office of Public Accountability (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ) appeals from the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March 29, 2012 Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, Decision and Order (hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 March Decision and Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ), which was issued in Superior Court Case Number SP0107-11 in favor of Petitioner-Appellee Data Management Resources, LLC (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In this March D
ecision and Order, the trial court found that the Public Auditor exceeded her authority, and it therefore reversed and rescinded the Public Auditor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s administrative decision to deny DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest in OPA-PA-11-004; the court then ordered Real Party in Interest-Appellee Guam Department of Education (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ) to proceed with its award to qualified responsive bidders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
On appeal, OPA argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to hear SP0107-11 because DMR filed its petition as a special proceeding instead of as a civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Moreover, OPA argues that the trial court erred in its findings because OPA did not exceed its authority when affirming GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s determination that bidder Micros-Fidelio Micronesia, Inc. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 MFM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ) was a manufacturer authorized reseller, an affirmance that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 neither arbitrary, capricious, fraudulent, clearly erroneous, [or] contrary to law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-
Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 12 (July 19, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA further argues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 that the trial court failed to give OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s administrative decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 great weight and the benefit of reasonable doubt[.]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In opposition, DMR argues that OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s appeal was premature, that OPA lacks the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 right, power or authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  to appeal the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order, and that otherwise the trial court validly retained jurisdiction and correctly held that OPA abused its discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 
5-16 (Sept. 5, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In turn, DMR appeals the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s July 27, 2012 decision and order (hereinafter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 July Decision and Order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ), which was issued in SP0107-11 in favor of OPA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In this July Decision and Order, the trial court denied DMR an award of reasonable costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees after conducting a plain reading of the applicable statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR challenges the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s plain reading as erroneous and asserts that DMR is entitled to recover its costs, including attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, pursuant to a grammatical rule of statutory interpretation known as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 rule of the last antecedent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 8-9 (Dec. 26, 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In response, both OPA and GDOE submit tha
t the trial court acted correctly in denying DMR costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees 
because DMR failed to meet the requirements for reimbursement under a plain reading of the applicable statute, because DMR does not offer a compelling reason for the court to deviate from its previously espoused American Rule, and because following DMR}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s interpretation would lead to absurd results.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 We consolidated the separate appeals of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decisions and orders which were filed by OPA and DMR.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab We hold that the trial court erroneously determined
 that OPA exceeded its jurisdiction, and we therefore reverse the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s 
March Decision and Order on the merits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
We further hold that the trial court correctly denied DMR both costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s fees under the applicable statute, and therefore affirm the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s 
July Decision and Order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab GDOE issued IFB-025-2010 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ) sol
iciting the outright purchase of computer systems.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Specifically, the Bid solicited two types of computer systems and two types of switches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Of key importance, the Bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s technical specifications required vendors to be manufacturer authorized resellers of the computer equipment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The Bid closed, with three companies submitting their bids: MFM, ComPacific, and DMR.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The following week, GDOE identified MFM as the lowest responsive bidder for the two computer systems, and ComPacific as the lowest responsive bidder 
for the two types of switches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab After learning 
its bid status from GDOE, DMR filed a protest with GDOE, alleging that MFM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s bid proposal was nonresponsive to the specifications because MFM was not a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GDOE denied DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s protest, stating that MFM was in fact a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Thereafter, DMR appealed to OPA, protesting GDOE}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s award to MFM on the basis that GDOE violated the law when qualifying MFM as a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GDOE res
ponded by filing its Agency Report with OPA in which GDOE admitted that the technical specification at issue was not a minor formality and could therefore not be waived, and that MFM was not a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Accordingly, GDOE declared its intent not to award MFM the Bid for the two computer systems.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
After the parties waived a hearing, DMR sought judgment on the pleadings, and the Public Auditor issued its decision (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA Decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 While the OPA Decision comported with GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s finding that waiver of the Bid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s technical specification was erroneous, OPA nevertheless denied DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s appeal and qualified MFM as a responsive bidder under its interpretation of the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Manufacturer Authorized Reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ), tab 24 at 3 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order, Mar. 29, 2012).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
Consequently, DMR initiated a special proceeding in the trial court, SP0107-11, by filing a Verified Petition for Judicial Review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In its petition, DMR argued that the Public Auditor, by deeming MFM a manufacturer authorized reseller over GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s admission to the contrary, had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 arbitrarily, capriciously and erroneously disregarded the admissions of GDOE . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 8 at 4 (Am. Verified Pet. for Judicial Review; Alternatively, Writ of Review, June 3, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR sought relief in the form of, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
The trial court issued its first decision and order on March 29, 2012, finding that the Public Auditor exceeded her authority under 5 GCA \'a7 5703 when rejecting GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s admissions as to its error in waiving a technical specification of the Bid and redefining the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Manufacturer Authorized Reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 24 at 4-5 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The trial court based its finding on the fact that GDOE agreed with DMR}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest and that GDOE stipulated that it could not waive the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Manufacturer Authorized Reseller}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  requirement as a minor informality and that MFM was not a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 at 3-4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Therefore, the trial court reversed and rescinded the Public Auditor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s administrative decision to deny DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest in OPA-PA-11-004 and ordered GDOE to immediately proceed with its award to qualified responsive 
bidders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Additionally, the trial court found that no attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees incurred prior to DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest appeal to OPA may be granted, pursuant to 5 GCA \'a7
 5425, but the court reserved for a later date the issue of whether attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s fees may be awarded for services rendered at the OPA and judicial review levels, and the court sought further briefing from the parties, including GDOE, on that issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab As per the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s request, the parties briefed the issue of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
pproximately three weeks later, OPA filed a timely notice of appeal from the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The trial court heard the outstanding issue of attorney}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The trial court issued its second decision and order on July 27, 2012, denying DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s request for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees on the grounds that a plain reading of the applicable statute, 5 GCA \'a7 5425(h), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 clear[ly]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  forbids the court, as well as GDOE and the Public Auditor, from awarding attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees as part of DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s reasonable costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
RA, tab 38 at 3-4 (Dec. & Order, July 27, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
DMR then filed a timely notice of appeal, wherein it stated that is was appealing both decisions and orders.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 41 (Notice of Appeal, Aug. 24, 2012)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Notice is hereby given that [DMR] hereby
 appeals to the Supreme Court of Guam from the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law entered in this action on March 30, 2012, and the Decision and Order entered in this action on the 27[th] day of July, 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 We consolidated the appeals. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 JURISDICTION
\par 
\par [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw current through Pub. L. 113-47 (2013)) and 7 GCA \'a7
\'a7 3107(b) and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab We review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 whether an administrative body holds certain powers under its enabling statute, such as the right to appeal an adverse finding after a Petition for Judicial Review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 We also review }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 whether the trial court has
 jurisdiction over a Petition for Judicial Review when it asserts jurisdiction via statutory interpretation of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s procurement laws.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Blas v. Guam Customs & Quarantine Agency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2000 Guam 12 \'b6 12; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sule v. Guam Bd. of Dental Exam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 rs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2008 Guam 20 \'b6 8 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Generally, the standard of review on appeal of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s determination is the substantial evidence test.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 However, pure questions of law that were determined by the trial court based on undisputed facts are reviewed }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The interpretation of a statute is a legal question subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Guerrero v. Santo Thomas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2010 Guam 11 \'b6 8 (emphasis added).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Statutory interpretation always begins with the language of the statute.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The plain meaning will prevail where there is no clearly stated legislative intent to the contrary.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sumitomo Constr. Co. v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [I]n determining legislative intent, a statute should be read as a whole, and therefore, courts sho
uld construe each section in conjunction with other sections.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Amerault v. Intelcom Support Servs., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2004 Guam 23 \'b6 14 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In determining the plain meaning of a statutory provision, we look to the meaning of the entire statutory scheme containing the provision for guidance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
The two key issues on appeal are whether OPA exceeded its jurisdictional authority when it determined that MFM was a manufacturer authorized reseller, and whether DMR is entitled to reasonable costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees incurred as a result of its procurement protest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 However, we must address as a threshold matter whether the trial court lacked j
urisdiction to hear SP0107-11 because DMR filed its petition as a special proceeding instead of as a civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 We must also consider the propriety of OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s appeal to our court, specifically addressing whether OPA had authority to appeal and if so, whether OPA filed a premature appeal, before reaching the merits.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Whether the Trial Court Lacked Jurisdiction to Hear SP0107-11 Because DMR Filed its Petition as a Special Proceeding Instead of as a Civil Action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The first issue is whether the form of DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s petition warranted dismissal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction because DMR filed its petition as a special proceeding as opposed to a civil action as required by 5 GCA \'a7 5480.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 13-14 (citing 5 GCA \'a7 5480 (2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Section 5480 provides, in relevant part:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Solicitation and Award of Contracts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
The Superior Court of Guam shall have jurisdiction over an action between the Territory and a bidder, offeror, or contractor, either actual or prospective,
 to determine whether a solicitation or award of a contract is in accordance with the statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the solicitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The Superior Court shall have such jurisdiction in actions at law or in equity, and whether the actions are for monetary damages or for declaratory, or other equitable relief.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In support of its position, OPA cites to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision in SP0050-11, which appeal was still pending at the time of briefing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
OPA also cites to a number of cases in its reply brief that stand for the proposition that DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s failure to comply with 5 GCA \'a7 5480 raises salient sovereign immunity concerns.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Reply Br. at 8 (Sept. 19, 2012) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Further, sovereign immunity implicates a court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s subject matter jurisdiction and when it applies, the action is barred because of the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s lack of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Here, 5 G.C.A. \'a75480 is the statute waiving the Government of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s sovereign immunity that would otherwise bar DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s claims in SP0107-12 [sic].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (citations omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab DMR 
responds by arguing that the trial court properly exercised jurisdiction because, as a matter of substance over form, its petition sought the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s review of the OPA Decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 1, 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR highlights that OPA failed to raise this issue at the trial court level, and submits that therefore
, absent exceptional circumstances, the court is free to find that OPA waived the issue and to ignore it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 at 10 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sinlao v. Sinlao}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2005 Guam 24 \'b6 30); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 see also id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 While the Court may exercise its discretion to review issues of jurisdiction raised for the first time on appeal, review of these issues is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 reserved for extraordinary 
circumstances where review is necessary to address a miscarriage of justice or clarify significant issues of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Taitano v. Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6 15)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab According to DMR, OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s reliance on a decision rendered after the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order would, ironically, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 result in a miscarriage of justice for DMR,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  while at the same time, OPA cannot demonstrate how it was prejudiced by the technical caption noncompliance.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 11-12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
DMR also points out that we have previously permitted less-than-technical compliance with certification rules when no party suffers prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 12 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Abalos v. Cyfred, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2006 Guam 7 \'b6 65).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab DMR acknowledges
 in its brief that we may exercise our discretion to hear issues raised for the first time on appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 when a change in law raises a new issue while an appeal is pending; and when the issue is purely one of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 10 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sinlao}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2005 Guam 24 \'b6 30) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
While this appeal was still pending, we recently decided in a similar case that, as a jurisdictional prerequisite, parties seeking judicial review of decisions concerning the propriety or legality of a contract solic
itation must file a civil action as opposed to a writ or other special proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Town House Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t Stores, Inc. v. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Educ.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2012 Guam 25 \'b6\'b6 24-29.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Specifically, we stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 We hold that the term }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  in 5 GCA 
\'a7 5480(a) means a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The law in Guam distinguishes between civil actions and special proceedings, providing different procedures and rules for each.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
7 GCA Div. 2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 7 GCA Div. 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Because the type of appeal gives rise to differe
nt rules and procedures, and because the Legislature specifically called for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
an action}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  under these circumstances, we determine that it means a }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 civil action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
A writ initiating a special proceeding is not appropriate in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 IBS
S had a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy by bringing a civil action under the terms of 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a), and where such a remedy exists, a writ is not an appropriate substitute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Duque}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2007 Guam 15 \'b6 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Further, while we may in certain circumstances reclassify one type of writ as another, there is no authority for reclassifying a writ initiating a special proceeding as a civil complaint.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2007 Guam 6 \'b6 67 n.24; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DCK Pacific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2010 Guam 16 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Here, despite being titled a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Verified Complaint,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 IBSS did not list any defendants and instead started a special proceeding. It therefore does not fall within the demands [of] 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a) that the party bring }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 an action,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  and this error deprived the Superior Court of jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5480(a).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  \'b6\'b6 28-29.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Notwithstanding, DMR argues that the petition in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
is distinguishable from its petition in this case for a few reasons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
First, DMR argues that it invoked the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s subject matter jurisdiction under 5 GCA \'a7 5480 when it filed a Petition for Judicial Review and sought a writ in the alternative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Reply Br. at 6 (Feb. 12, 2013); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 3 at 1 (Verified Pet. for Judicial Review; Alternatively, Writ of Review
, June 3, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Second, unlike in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , DMR named both OPA and GDOE, thereby implicating the necessary abrogation of 
sovereign immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR also cites to our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Castino v. G.C. Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , wherein we held that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 formalistic defect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  did not strip the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Reply Br. at 7 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Castino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6 57).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab We agree with DMR.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 It is true that waiver of sovereign immunity is an explicit jurisdictional prerequisite.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Pac. Rock Corp. v. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Educ. (Pacific Rock II)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2001 Guam 21 \'b6\'b6 18-20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 As we stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , invoking the waiver of sovereign immunity requires a lawsuit naming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 either the Territory of Guam or the relevant agency or government entity from which [the aggrieved party] seeks relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2012 Guam 25 \'b6 33.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Still, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , we explained that the trial court correctly dismissed the underlying
 case because IBSS failed to bring a civil action and because it did not name any defendants, let alone the Territory of Guam or the relevant agency or entity that could waive sovereign immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  \'b6 36.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 rested on the fact that Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s statutory laws governing procurement protests require the aggrieved party to file a civil action as opposed to a writ initiating a special proceeding.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  \'b6\'b6 24-29, 36.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Our focus was on providing formal notice to the adverse parties of the lawsuit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The case at bar is distinguishable from }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 on several grounds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 First, DMR did not file a writ or special proceeding by itself; rather, DMR filed a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Verified Petition for Judicial Review; Alternatively, Writ of Review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Second, unlike IBSS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s defendant-less Petition in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
DMR named two parties in its Petition, namely, OPA and GDOE, when seeking declaratory and equitable relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 By doing so, DMR furnished formal notice to these agencies sufficient to allow them to respond to the Petition and defend the lawsuit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Third, DMR named the appropriate agency, OPA, given that DMR sought the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s review of OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s administrative decision, and that OPA is a qualifying agency of the Territory of Guam that can waive sovereign immunity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 1 GCA \'a7 
1900 (as amended by Guam Pub. L. 30-027:2 (June 16, 2009)) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
There is an instrumentality of the government of Guam, independent of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, known as the [OPA].}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Though complex and irregular, DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Petition for Judicial Review, coupled with a petition for an alternative writ of review,
 should not be equivocated with a writ or special proceeding standing alone.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Our allowance of a Petition for Judicial Review as a procedural vehicle dates back to a case at the Guam Appellate Division, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Guam Power Authority v. Civil Service Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , in which the court held that the trial court possessed the authority under the former Guam Code of Civil P
rocedure section 187 (now codified as 7 GCA \'a7 7117) to craft a Petition for Judicial Review as a procedural remedy even though it was not provided for by statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Guam Power Auth. v. Civil Serv. Comm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , No. CV-87-00072A, 1988 WL 242617, at *3-4 (D. Guam App. Div. Nov. 17, 1988).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson v. Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , we explained that a Petition for Judicial Review was developed in an }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ad hoc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  fashion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2007 Guam 6 \'b6\'b6 61, 64.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Accordingly, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Perez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
we held that if the Petition had named the reviewing agency (in that case, the Civil Service Commission) and specifically requested a review of the reviewing agency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decisions, then }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 we would have treated it as an appropriate Petition for Judicial Review notwithstanding its label as a Petition for Writ of Mandate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  \'b6
 67 n.24.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Castino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 we echoed our preference for substance over form in evaluating compliance w
ith our procedural requirements, and we held that a formalistic defect does not strip the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2010 Guam 3 \'b6 57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Likewise, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DCK Pacific Guam, LLC v. Morrison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , we expounded that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [t]he formal title of the writ . . . is not determinative of its propriety as much as its contents and the prayer for relief.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2010 Guam 16 \'b6 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Therefore, even though }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  directs bid protestants
 to file a civil action against the appropriate agency, we can continue our focus on substance over form and qualify the Petition for Judicial Review in this particular case as a civil action because it satisfied all of the concerns underlying
 the procedural framework we built in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Town House}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Finally, while OPA is correct in submitting that
 our discretion to review issues raised for the first time on appeal is ordinarily reserved for extraordinary circumstances, we have the discretion to entertain issues of subject matter jurisdiction at any time and at any stage in the proceedings.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Lujan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2005 Guam 26 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-432\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Whether OPA Lacked Authority to Appeal SP0107-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The second issue is whether OPA lacked authority to appeal the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decisions and orders issued in SP0107-11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR argues that we cannot entertain this appeal because OPA is a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 creature of statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 whose enabling statute lacks the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 right, power or authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  to appeal the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s adverse review of a procurement decision such as this one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br.
 at 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR cites to our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson v. Guam Telephone Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
, wherein we held that any acts by an agency falling outside of the scope of the express authority conferred to that agency by its enabling statute are to be deemed unauthorized.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 at 8-9 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 9).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 According to DMR, OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s enabling statute only grants the agency appeal rights in one instance, and that is the removal from office.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 at 10 (citing 1 GCA \'a7 1910(b) (2005)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  Section 1910 provides, in pertinent part: \'93
The Public Auditor may appeal such removal to the Superior Court of Guam, but shall not perform Auditor duties pending the outcome of such appeal.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 1 GCA \'a7 1910(b). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Otherwise, DMR 
submits, only the party adversely affected by the OPA Decision holds appeal rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 9 (citing 5 GCA \'a7 5425(f)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 
 The relevant portions of section 5425 provide:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 (e) Appeal.  
A decision under Subsection (c) of this Section including a decision there under regarding entitlement to costs as provided by Subsection (h) of this Section, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1841951 may be appealed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1841951  by the protestant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 , to the Public Auditor within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the protestant of the notice of decision.
\par (f) Finality.  A decision of the Public Auditor is final unless a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1841951 person adversely affected}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 
 by the decision commences an action in the Superior Court in accordance with Subsection (a) of \'a75480 of this Chapter.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 5 GCA \'a7 5425(e), (f)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887  (2005) (emphase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 s added). 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 To note, a \'93person\'94 is defined in Chapter 5 as \'93
any business, individual, union, committee, club, other organization or group of individuals.\'94  5 GCA \'a7 5030(n) (2005).  This definition does not e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 xplicitly include an agency.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab OPA challenges DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s position on several fronts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 First, OPA avers that any aggrieved party may appeal the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision in a special proceeding where, as here, that party is named as a respondent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s Reply Br. at 6-7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (citing 7 GCA \'a7 25104 (2005)).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872  Title 7 GCA \'a7 25104}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872  \'93[}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 ny party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 aggrieved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872  may appeal in the cases prescribed in this Chapter.\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid7358872 7 GCA \'a7 25104 (2005) (emphasis added}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 ).  This statute was derived from California Code of Civil Procedure section 938 (1952), which, though subsequen
tly repealed, has been held to confer jurisdiction on agencies as inclusive in the definition \'93any party aggrieved\'94:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid15729325 
The policy of the law is to recognize a right to review the judgment of a lower court if not prohibited by law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid15729325 The right of appeal is rem
edial, and in doubtful cases the doubt should be resolved in favor of the right whenever the substantial interests of a par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 ty are affected by a judgment. . . .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid15729325 Under section 938 of the Code of Civil Procedure any party aggrieved may appeal in a proper case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid15729325 
Where the jurisdiction of a tribunal is involved, and the granting of a writ directed to the tribunal would have the effect of controlling or limiting that jurisdiction, the tribunal is an aggrieved }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 party and entitled to appeal.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 Koehn v. State Bd. of Equalization}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 , 326 P.2d 502, 504 (Cal. 1958) (citations and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 internal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 quotation marks omitted).  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Second, OPA finds faulty DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s reliance on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Carlson v. Guam Telephone Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , and distinguishes the present case on the grounds that OPA, unlike GTA, has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 more than ample statutory authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  under its enabling statute to file this appeal; OPA is expressly authorized to hear and decide appeals of procurement protest decisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 arising under 9 GCA \'a7 5425[c],}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  OPA likely meant to cite to 5 GCA \'a7 5425.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  the Public Auditor can use her jurisdiction to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 promote the integrity of the [] procurement process and the purposes of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Procurement Law[,]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  and OPA is empowered to carry out other duties and powers delegated to it by law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Reply Br. at 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab We agree with OPA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 It is true that in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Carlson v. Guam Telephone Authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ,
 we suggested that agencies derive some of their powers expressly and others by implication.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Carlson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 9 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 As creatures of legislation, the powers of ad
ministrative agencies and their executive officers are dependent upon statutes . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 They have no general or common law powers but only such as have been conferred upon them by law expressly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 or by implication}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (emphasis added) (internal quotation marks omitted)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 It is also true that no appeal right is expressly conferred onto the Public Auditor by its enabling statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 1 GCA \'a7
 1909 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 However
, we need not conduct an arduous search for implied authority where OPA can be properly characterized as an aggrieved party falling within the ambit of 7 GCA \'a7 25104.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Therefore, OPA properly exercised its implied authority to appeal SP0107-11, albeit an authority conferred under 7 GCA \'a7
 25104 rather than under its enabling statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-432\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Whether OPA Filed 
a Premature Appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The third issue is whether OPA filed its appeal prematurely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR argues that OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s appeal was prematurely filed because there was no final judgment or interlocutory order of appeal entered on the docket before OPA filed its Notice of Appeal on April 27, 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In particular, DMR argues that the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s express reservation on the issue of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees prevented the March Decision and Order from being final and appealable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (citing RA, tab 24 at 5 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order)) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 On DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 S request for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees . . . the Court reserves on the issue of whether attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees may be awarded at the OPA and judicial review level pending further briefing of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
In support of its position, DMR cites to our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Department of Revenue & Taxation v. Civil Service Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , wherein we held that the existence of any outstanding factual or legal questions creates a lack of finality, thereby depriving our court of jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 6; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
see also Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Revenue & Taxation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2007 Guam 17 \'b6 19 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The finality doctrine is based on the twin policies of controlling piecemeal adjudication and eliminating the delays caused by the appeal of interlocutory decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Dental Capital Leasing Corp. v. Martinez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (In re Martinez)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 721 F.2d 262, 265 (9th Cir. 1983))).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In response, OPA argues that the 
March Decision and Order was an appealable order under Rule 4(a) of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GRAP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Reply Br. at 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  
GRAP Rule 4(a)(1), provides: \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid685829 Time for Filing a Notice of Appeal.  In a civil cas
e, except as provided in Rules 4(a)(4) and 4(c), the notice of appeal  required by Rule 3 must be filed with the Superior Court within 30 days after the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid16218217 judgment or order}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid685829  appealed from is entered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 Guam R. App. P. 4(a)(1) (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Furthermore, OPA challenges DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s reference to our decision in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Department of Revenue & Taxation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , because the interlocutory ruling in that case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 did not constitute a final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceedings because it did not address the merits of the case, and did not 
determine the rights of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 5 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Revenue & Taxation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2007 Guam 17 \'b6 22).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA explains that our ruling in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Department of Revenue & Taxation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 was based on California precedent providing that no finality results from a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision to set aside an administrative matter and remand the case back to the administrative body, and in that case we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 directed the parties to a second evidentiary hearing back at the administrative level.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Revenue & Taxation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2007 Guam 17 \'b6\'b6 9, 16).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order, GDOE was ordered to immed
iately proceed with its award without ordering a follow-up hearing; therefore, the order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 terminated the litigation of the parties, addressed the merits of SP0107-11, and determined the rights of the parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In dealing with our GRAP Rules, which }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 are substantially similar to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, we 
look to federal case law for guidance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 McGhee v. McGhee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2008 Guam 17 \'b6 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Federal case law provides a rational basis for us to adopt the collateral order doctrine with respect to attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 For example, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Obin v. District No. 9 of the International Ass}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals held that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 1) A motion for an assessment of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees raises a collateral and independent claim for determination by the district court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Thus, a judgment on the merits of an action, otherwise final, is final for purposes of appeal notwithstanding that a claim for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees may remain to be decided.
\par . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 4) The district court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s order on the claim for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees is separably appealable as a final judgment and may be consolidated with any pending appeal on the merits of the action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 651 F.2d 574, 584 (8th Cir. 1981).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The following year, the United States Supreme Court seemed to adopt this approach, holding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 the collateral character of the fee issue establishes that an outstanding fee question does not bar recognition of a merits judgment as final and appealable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 White v. N.H. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t of Emp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t Sec.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 455 U.S. 445, 452 n.14 (1982) (internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The United States Supreme Court extended its holding in 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 White}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  a few years later in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Budinich v. Becton Dickinson & Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , one of the seminal cases 
applying the collateral order doctrine to claims for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 486 U.S. 196, 199-203 (1988).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , the Court held that, in general, claims for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, whether based on statute or contract, should be considered collateral to and separate from the underlying merits of the action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Moreover, the Court held that a judgment on the merits in any federal court is final and appealable, regardless of whether the outstanding issue of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees remains unresolved as to either recoverability or amount.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [39]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Subsequent to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Budinich }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 decision, the collateral order doctrine, as it governs attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, has been universally adopted by each and every federal circuit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 See House of Flavors, Inc. v. TFG-Michigan, L.P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 700 F.3d 33, 37 (1st Cir. 2012) (affirming bright-line rule in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  and holding request for attorney\rquote s fees authorized by statute or decisional law does not suspend finality of judgment on underlying claim); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 O & G Indus., Inc. v. Nat\rquote l R.R. Passenger Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
, 537 F.3d 153, 168 n.11 (2d Cir. 2008) (holding the same and noting that this \'93sensible\'94 bright-line rule \'93promotes the interests of judicial economy, especially in this case where resolution of the \lquote question remaining to be decided }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  will not alter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  or revise
\rquote  the court\rquote s final rulings on the merits of the other issues on appeal.\'94 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
, 486 U.S. at 199));  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budget Blinds, Inc. v. White}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 536 F.3d 244, 251 (3rd Cir. 2008) (\'93The part of the District Court
\rquote s Order vacating the default judgment is \lquote final\rquote  . . . despite the fact that the amount of attorneys\rquote  fees remains unresolved.\'94);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 S. Alliance For Clean Energy v. Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
, 650 F.3d 401, 405-06 (4th Cir. 2011) (holding fee determinations are generally distinct from merits determinations, and the latter of which cannot generally be revisited on appeal of the former); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Lindy Invs. v. Shakertown Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 209 F.3d 802, 805 (5th Cir. 2000) (\'93By separating the trial on the merits from the award of attorney\rquote 
s fees and costs, the trial court has created a two-track system for appeals purposes.\'94); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Armisted v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 675 F.3d 989, 993 (6th Cir. 2012) (holding presence of outstanding claim for attorney\rquote s fees does not alter finality of judgment otherwise of all parties and issues); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Elusta v. City of Chicago}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 696 F.3d 690, 695 (7th Cir. 2012) (holding the same and distinguishing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  on other grounds); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Tweedle v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 527 F.3d 664, 669 (8th Cir. 2008) (holding the same); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\insrsid3941887 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  Natural Desert Ass\rquote n v. Locke}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 572 F.3d 610, 614 (9th Cir. 2009) (holding the same); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 RMA Ventures Cal. v. SunAmerica Life Ins. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 576 F.3d 1070, 1073 (10th Cir. 2009) (\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 [A] }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 decision on the merits and a decision on attorneys\rquote  fees are considered separate, final decisions of the district court, subject to appeal . . . .\'94); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs36\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 In re Porto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 645 F.3d 1294, 1301 (11th Cir. 2011) (holding part of sanctions award issued \'93in addition to and separate from\'94 merits of judgment 
\'93therefore falls on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budinich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815  side of the bright line of finality.\'94); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Cotton v. Heyman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 63 F.3d 1115, 1118 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (reiterating holding in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Budinich }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 and distinguishing on other grounds); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Orenshteyn v. Citrix Sys., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 691 F.3d 1356, 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (holding attorney\rquote s fees \'93are not compensation for the injury giving rise to an action. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Their award is uniquely separable from the cause of action to be proved at trial.\'94 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 White}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 , 455 U.S. at 452) (internal quotation marks omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 To be clear, federal courts still require that a preceding decision on the merits is final and appealable before
 the subsequent decision on attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees can be deemed
 appealable as a collateral matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Prod. & Maint. of Emps.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  Local 504 v. Roadmaster Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 954 F.2d 1397, 1399 (7th Cir. 1992) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [I]f the underlying decision on the merits . . . is not final and appealable, neither is the decision regarding attorneys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Decisions about fees are separate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 final decisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 only after there is a judgment on the merits that would be final but for the matter of fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sandwiches, Inc. v. Wendy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 l, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 822 F.2d 707, 711 (7th Cir. 1987)) (internal quotation marks omitted)).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [40]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Here, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order explicitly left outstanding only the issue of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, but otherwise disposed of every other claim presented in the cause of action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 This complete disposition and clear demarcation separating the claim for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees from the underlying merits rendered the March Decision and Order, and by extension, the 
July Decision and Order, separately final and appealable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [41]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Therefore, in accepting
 guidance from federal law, we hereby adopt the collateral order doctrine with respect to attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, which allows us to treat each of the two decisions and orders issued in this case as separately final and appealable, and we assume jurisdiction over both orders 
without offending our GRAP Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Whether OPA Exceeded its Jurisdictional Authority When it Determined that MFM was a Manufacturer Authorized Reseller.
\par 
\par [42]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab We now turn to whether OPA acted within its jurisdictional authority when it determined that MFM was a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab In its March Decision and Order,
 the trial court explained that while OPA has broad review powers over procurement protests under 5 GCA \'a7 5703,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  Section 5703 provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
The Public Auditor shall have the power to review and determine de novo any matter properly submitted to her or him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
The Public Auditor shall not have jurisdiction over disputes having to do with money owed to or by the government of Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 Notwithstanding \'a7
 5245 of this Chapter, no prior determination shall be final or conclusive on the Public Auditor or upon any appeal from the Public Auditor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 
The Public Auditor shall have the power to compel attendance and testimony of, and production of documents by any employee of the government of Guam, including any employee of any autonomous agency or public corporation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 The Public Auditor may consider testimony and evidence submitted by any competing bidder, offeror or contractor of the protestant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 The Public Auditor\rquote s jurisdiction shall be utilized to promote the integrity of the procurement process and the purposes of 5 GCA Chapter 5.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid1857815 5 GCA \'a7 5703 (2005).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  once OPA resolved the legal issues and the parties represented to OPA that there was no further violation of law, OPA exceeded its authority by interpreting a
 technical specification of the Bid and making the factual determination that MFM was a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 24 at 4-5 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [44]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab OPA asserts that its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  review of GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision to deny DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest was not bound by GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s original stipulation that MFM was not a manufacturer authorized reseller.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA cites to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order, wherein the court concluded the same.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (citing RA, tab 24 at 4 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order)); R
A, tab 24 at 4 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., Dec. & Order) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 I
t is within the authority of the OPA to have taken review of the entire matter before her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
According to OPA, the trial court erroneously interpreted 5 GCA \'a7\'a7 5703 and 5425, in concluding that while OPA retains the power to conduct a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 de novo}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  review of all matters properly before OPA, this power is limited in scope to procurement protests involving violations of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA argues that it is the purchasing agency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s protest decision, and not the protest itself, that is appealed to OPA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Therefore, OPA submits, notwithstanding GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s stipulation with DMR that MFM is not a manufacturer authorized reseller, OPA has the power under 5 GCA \'a7 5704}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\super\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817  Section 5704 provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 
Any determination of an issue or a finding of fact by the Public Auditor shall be final and conclusive unless arbitrary, capricious, fraudulent, clearly erron
eous, or contrary to law.  Any decision of the Public Auditor, including any determination regarding the application or interpretation of the procurement law or regulations, shall be entitled to great weight and the benefit of reasonable doubt, although i
t shall not be conclusive on any court having competent jurisdiction.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s25\qj \li180\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin180\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid8544817 5 GCA \'a7 5704 (2005).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  to both determine issues and make findings of fact pertaining to the application or interpretation of procurement 
laws or regulations, including compliance with the technical specification of the Bid requiring a bidder to be a manufacturer authorized reseller in order to receive the award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 at 16-17 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Thus, the OPA did not exceed her authority by reviewing DOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision de novo and affirming that decision}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s finding that MFM was a manufacturer authorized reseller in accordance with the terms and conditions of the IFB.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [45]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Finally, OPA argues that the court failed to give OPA}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s finding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 great weight and the benefit of reasonable doubt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  as required under 5 GCA \'a7 5704, and that its decision should be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 final and conclusive unless it is arbitrary, capricious, fraudulent, clearly erroneous, or contrary to law .
 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 17.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [46]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab DMR agrees with the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s interpretation of OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s limited powers and argues that OPA exceeded its authority when declining to affirm DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 15 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Instead, the OPA proceeded to redefine the technical specifications of the bid, which is outside the authority to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 review and determine any matters properly submitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  to her [pursuant to] 5 GCA \'a7 5703.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (quoting 5 GCA \'a7 5703)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [47]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Procurement Law
 provides that where procurement protests are not resolved by mutual agreement, one of the statutorily-designated officers, such as the head of a purchasing agency, is required to promptly issue a decision in writing that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 state[s] the reasons for the action taken;
 and inform[s] the protestant of its right to administrative and judicial review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
5 GCA \'a7 5425(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 A dissatisfied protestant may appeal that decision }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
to the Public Auditor within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the protestant of the notice of decision.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5425(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
If the Public Auditor determines that a solicitation or proposed award is in violation of law, the Auditor must cancel the solicitation or proposed award, or otherwise revise it to comply with the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7 5451 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [48]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s interpretation of OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s authority to remedy errors in procurement bids is overly constrictive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA was entitled to make a factual interpretation of the terms of the bid solicitation pursuant to its authority provided in Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Procurement Law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 For example, as provided in Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Administrative Rules and Regulations (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 GAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ), when a dis
satisfied bidder appeals to OPA after an unsuccessful protest, OPA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
shall determine whether a decision on the protest of method of selection, solicitation or award of a contract . . . is in accordance with the statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the solicitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2 Guam Admin. R. & Regs. Div. 4 \'a7 12201 (2006).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [49]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Nothing in Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Procurement Law restricted OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s power, as provided by statute and in the GAR, to review the propriety of terms and conditions of the bid solicitation at issue here, to 
determine whether MFM qualified for the bid as a manufacturer authorized reseller, and to revise the proposed award to comply with the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Furthermore, under the statutorily prescribed standard of review, the trial court was required to give OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s interpretation of the solicitation terms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 great weight and the benefit of reasonable doubt,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  5 GCA \'a7 5704, and the court erred in failing to do so.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Finally, DMR sought review of GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s bid protest decision, giving OPA jurisdiction over the protest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 As a result, OPA was then empowered to make its determination relative to the bid protest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In particular, OPA was entitled as a matter of law to determine whether GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision on the protest was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 in accordance with . . . the terms and conditions of the solicitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 2 GAR 
Div. 4 \'a7 12201.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR cannot invoke OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s jurisdiction selectively, inviting its jurisdiction when the decision
 is favorable, and challenging jurisdiction when the decision is unfavorable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [51]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Therefore, 
we hold that OPA did not exceed its jurisdiction in finding that MFM was a manufacturer authorized reseller under the terms and conditions of the solicitation because its authority to do so is provided by statute and in the GAR.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA was empowered to exercise its authority once DMR sought OPA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s review of its bid protest by appealing GDOE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s decision.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s22 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 D.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s22\ql \fi-432\li432\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin432\itap0\pararsid3231835\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Whether DMR is Entitled to Reasonable Costs and Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Fees.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
\par [52]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab The final issue the court addresses is whether the trial court erred when it denied DMR reasonable costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees associated with its procurement protest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR sought attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees in the amount of $7,500.00 and costs in the amount of $634.42, pursuant to 5 GCA \'a7 5425(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\fs20\super\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887 Section 5425(h) provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 \tab 
(h) Entitlement to Costs.  In addition to any other relief or remedy granted under Subsection (c) or (e) of this Section or under Subsection (a) of \'a7 5480 of this
 Chapter, including the remedies provided by Part B of Article 9 of this Chapter, when a protest is sustained, the protestant shall be entitled to the reasonable costs incurred in connection with the solicitation and protest, including bid preparation cos
ts, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 excluding attorney\rquote s fees}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 , if:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li1440\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3941887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 
(1) the protestant should have been awarded the contract under the solicitation but was not; or
\par (2) there is a reasonable likelihood that the protestant may have been awarded the contract but for the breach of any ethical obligation imposed by Part B of Article 11 of this Chapter or the willful or reckless violation of any applicable procurement law
 
or regulation.  The Public Auditor shall have the power to assess reasonable costs including reasonable attorney fees incurred by the government, including its autonomous agencies and public corporations, against a protestant upon its finding that the pro
test was made fraudulently, frivolously or solely to disrupt the procurement process.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s25\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid786982 5 GCA \'a7 5425(h) (2005) (emphasis added).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 RA, tab 38 at 1-4 (Dec. & Order).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [53]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
DMR implores us to adopt a grammatical rule of statutory construction known as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 rule of the last antecedent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  to interpret 5 GCA \'a7 5425(h).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3941887 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs27\super\insrsid3941887 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887  The \'93rule of the last antecedent,\'94 as announced by the U.S. Supreme Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid3941887 Barnhart v. Thomas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 , provides that \'93a limiting clause or phrase . . . should ordinarily be read as modifying only the noun or phrase that it immediately follows.\'94  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887\charrsid16670972 
540 U.S. 20, 26 (2003) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3941887 citations omitted).   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR admits that we have never applied this rule to any case involving statutory construction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 at 9-10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 In addition
, DMR argues that a reading of the statute as a whole supports its interpretation, and submits that there is no express legislative prohibition of an award of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees as part of costs incurred.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 11 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Sule}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2008 Guam 20 \'b6 53).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Finally,
 after citing to jurisprudence from other jurisdictions to support its position, DMR argues that an award of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
consistent with the general policies encouraging the enforcement and compliance of [sic] procurement law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 DMR asserts it would be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 absurd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  that DMR would be required to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 bear the financial burden of enforcing Guam Procurement Law, despite the non-conformance of the Government agency with the law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 8.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [54]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab GDOE responds to DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s arguments by submitting that
 DMR failed to meet the statutory requirement for reimbursement of its costs, that DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s interpretation leads to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 absurd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 interpretation, and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
there is no policy reason to deviate from the clear meaning of \'a7 5425(h)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
 or to allow for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Real Party In Interest-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 4-5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [55]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab OPA argues
 that the trial court correctly followed the American Rule in denying DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s request for attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s fees and costs, that a plain reading of the statute dictates that the trial court is not authorized to award DMR attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees as part of its reasonable costs, and that the underlying policy advanced by the statute is to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 limit the award of reasonable costs and reduce the financial burden of the government . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Resp}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 t-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br. at 12-14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 OPA also argues that, even if we were to espouse the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 rule of the last antecedent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  we would reach the same result and find that attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees are excluded from the recovery of reasonable costs for bid protests.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  at 15-16.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [56]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab Title 5 Guam Code Annotated, Chapter 5
 was adopted from the Model Procurement Code (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 MPC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ), and Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Procurement Law explicitly adopted the MPC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s official comments as part of our own legislative history.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Comment to 5 GCA Chapter 5 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The Official Comments to the [MPC] are a part of the Legislative History of this Chapter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 One official comment to an analogous provision of the MPC makes it abundantly clear that the award of costs incurred as part of a procurement protest excludes attorney}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
The award of costs under Subsection (7) is intended to compensate a party for reasonable expenses incurred in connection with a solicitation for which that party was wrongfully denied a contract award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 No party can recover profits which 
it anticipates would have been made if that party had been awarded the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees associated with filing and prosecution of the protest are not 
recoverable. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Model Procurement Code \'a7 9101(7) cmt. n.
5 (1979).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [57]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
Therefore, it is clear from legislative history that attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s fees are categorically disallowed under this section of the MPC, and we are persuaded to hold the same under Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s nearly-identical statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 This approach is in keeping with the policies underlying the creation of a Model Procurement Code that OPA discussed in its opposition brief, such as promoting the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 efficiency in procurement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 conserv[ing] taxpayers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  money.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Model Procurement Code, Drafting Concepts, at xiii (2000).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs32\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Applying the rule of the last antecedent is unnecessary here.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [58]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
Even without the aid of this piece of legislative history, the plain language of the statute is sufficiently clear that no attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees are recoverable as part of the collection of costs a successful bid protestant might otherwise be able to recover.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 The official comment from the MPC simply serves to corroborate this legal determination, and absent clear 
legislative history to the contrary, this is the plain interpretation that must prevail.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See Sumitomo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6 17 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Absent clear legislative intent to the contrary, the plain meaning prevails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [59]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab As for costs, DMR argued
 that it was entitled to attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s fees because neither prong of the exceptions provided in 5 GCA \'a7 5425(h) were satisfied in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 On the basis of DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
s inverse interpretation of the statutory language, despite its faulty or otherwise illogical nature, DMR incidentally admitted that it did not satisfy either section 5425(h)(1) or (h)(2) in order to recoup costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Pet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 r-Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s Br.
 at 7-10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 If we are to accept DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s admission, then we are directed to deny costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 However, because we do not sustain DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s bid protest, section 5425(h) does not support DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s request for costs, so it is ultimately unnecessary for us to adopt DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s admission as a basis for denying costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 5 GCA \'a7
 5425(h) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [W]hen a protest is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 sustained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
, the protestant shall be entitled to the reasonable costs incurred in connection with the solicitation and protest . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  (emphasis added)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Accordingly, we maintain denial of DMR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s request for costs
 because its protest was not sustained.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [60]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab 
Therefore, the trial court did not err when it denied DMR reasonable costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees associated with its procurement protest.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3231835 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [61]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab With respect to the procedural issues on appeal, 
this case was properly submitted to the trial court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 T
he trial court retained jurisdiction over SP0107-11, despite the formalistic defect in the pleadings, because DMR named OPA in its lawsuit, served OPA, and sought declaratory and equitable relief against OPA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 This case was also properly submitted for appellate review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 As an aggrieved party covered by the applicable statute, OPA enjoys implied statutory authority to appeal 
an adverse finding of the trial court after Judicial Review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Additionally, both the March Decision and Order and the July Decision and Order were separately final and appealable under the collateral order doctrine, a doctrine we hereby adopt with respect to attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 Since the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order explicitly left outstanding only the issue of attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees, but otherwise disposed of every other claim presented in the cause of action, the March Decision and Order, and by extension, the July Decision and Order
, were separately final and appealable decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [62]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab With respect to the
 merits of this appeal, the trial court erred in determining that OPA exceeded its jurisdictional authority when it determined that MFM qualified as a manufacturer authorized reseller, which authority derives from both Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s statutory code and regulations, and affords OPA the power to determine whether a bid award is
 in accordance with the terms and conditions of a bid solicitation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 
Finally, the trial court correctly denied DMR both costs and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s fees under 
a plain reading of the applicable statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835\charrsid3231835 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 [63]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 \tab For the foregoing reasons, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 REVERSE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s March Decision and Order on the merits and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  the case to the trial court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion
, and we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835  the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3231835 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3941887\charrsid3231835 s July Decision and Order denying costs and fees.
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