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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Alvin GERARD San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Defendant-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par Supreme Court Case No. CRA12-016
\par Superior Court Case No. CF0490-10
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 November 5, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Cite as: 2013 Guam 21
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted May 13, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Hag\'e5t\'f1a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , Guam
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trrh1430\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid659576\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  
\par F. Randall Cunliffe, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Esq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 . 
\par Cunliffe & Cook, PC 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid659576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 210 Archbishop Flores St., Ste. 200 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Hag\'e5t\'f1a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , GU 96910 \cell 
}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid659576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par James C. Collins, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Esq}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid659576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 590 S. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 706
\par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trrh1430\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid659576\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par 
\par BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; and KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
\par 
\par MARAMAN, J.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab D
efendant-Appellant Alvin Gerard San Nicolas appeals his conviction of fifteen counts of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and one count of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid12661369 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543 San Nicolas was also convicted of one count of Child Abuse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 .  However, his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543  appeal only challenge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543  his convictions of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543  Appellant\rquote s Br}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543  at }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 3, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid3497543 15 (Dec. 17, 2012).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The trial court, upon discovering a mistake in the indictment during jury selection, ordered Plaintiff-Appellee People of Guam (the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ) to amend the indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People amended, and San Nicolas was found guilty of all charges in the amended indictment.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
San Nicolas contends that the trial court cannot raise the indictment defect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and does not have the authority to order an amendment to the indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 For the reasons set forth below, we reverse and vacate the convictions of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, and reman
d the matter to the trial court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Factual and Procedural Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The grand jury presented an indictment charging Alvin Gerard San Nicolas with fifteen counts of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 CSC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ), one count of Second Degree CSC, and one count of Child Abuse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 During jury selection, the trial court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , raised a potential problem with the indictment, specifically with the First and Second Degree CSC charges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 It stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [T
]he Court pursuant to its authority under 8 GCA Section 65[.]15(b) is advising you at this time that in review of the Indictment herein, the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s extremely concerned that in reading the elements out loud that the full statutory requirement under 9 GCA 25[.]15(a)[(]2[)] is not noted on the Indictment.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Transcripts (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ) at 2 (Jury Trial, Feb. 2, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Thereafter, the People filed a Memorandum stating that the indictment was sufficient.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab In response to the People}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Memorandum, San Nicolas filed a Mot
ion for Partial Dismissal of Partially Defective Indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 That afternoon, the trial court heard argument on the issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 San Nicolas argued that the first charge of the indictment did not charge First Degree CSC, despite the mistitling of that charge, but
 rather, that it charged Third Degree CSC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
He further argued that if the People intended to charge him with First Degree CSC, they must seek leave of court to dismiss the erroneous charge, obtain San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 
'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s consent to do so, and thereafter obtain a new indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
With respect to the second charge of Second Degree CSC, San Nicolas argued for dismissal because to allow an amendment would impermissibly introduce a new charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Specifically, as to the first charge, the original indictment stated that San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
did commit the offense of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 in that he intentionally engage [sic] in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by causing his penis to enter the vagina of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 LM.D. (DOB: 04/05/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 1995}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ), a minor at least fourteen (14) but less than sixteen (16) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15 (a)(2) and (b). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Record on Appeal (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ), Indictment at 1-5 (Aug. 20, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Because the alleged victim was at least fourteen years of age but less than sixteen years of age, the court found that 9 GCA \'a7
 25.15(a)(2) requires that in order for San Nicolas to be guilty of First Degree CSC, he must be a member of the same household as the victim, be related to the victim by blood or affinity to the fourth degree, or be in a position of authorit
y over the victim and used this authority to coerce the victim to submit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The charge of First Degree CSC in the original indictment did not state any of these elements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Similarly, the trial court found that the charge of Second Degree CSC in the original i
ndictment also failed to state any of the elements, apart from age of the victim, that are required by 9 GCA \'a7 25.20(a)(2), which are identical to those found in 9 GCA \'a7 25.15(a)(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The trial court questioned both sides regarding whether the grand jury heard testimony to support the charges of First Degree CSC or Second Degree CSC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People answered affirmatively, and, relying on their representation, the trial court orally ruled:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
In light of the information that I have received, the Court is going to order the Government at this time to amend the Indictment to conform to the statute as noted regarding the phrase that I had just used to support your \endash  the charges.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Tr. at 23 (Mot. Hr}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 g, Feb. 3, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s counsels stated they did not rec
ollect whether this information was noted during the grand jury proceedings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The court continued to press the People on whether their answer was sufficiently responsive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Upon further questioning by the court, the People replied:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Your Honor, I listened to [the grand jury recording]; I don}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 t have the transcript; I listened to the CD and I can note the times.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 I can note that at 10:08 point -- colon 50, they read the entire subsection two of 9 [GCA] Section 25.10 for first degree criminal sexual conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 And at
 10:10 point 06, they started reading 8 -- 9 [GCA] 25.20 second degree criminal sexual conduct, they read the entire subsection two; they -- they read -- proceeded to read the Indictment or -- investigator from the Office of the Attorney General, Juan Sal
as, was the witness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
And they noted at 10:21 that the mother was deployed to Iraq, May of 2009 to February of 2010.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 At 10:24, they noted that the mother left the daughter in the care of the Defendant and she has been raised by the Defendant since she was two years old.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  at 24-25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  This testimony is not entirely accurate.  The People cited to the trial court subsection two of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 9 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 \'a7 25.10 for First Degree CSC; section 25.10 is actually the \'93Definitions\'94 section of the statute.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The trial court concluded that allowing the People to amend the indictment to add the additional element to each of the criminal sexual conduct charges would not charge a new offense or prejudice the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Subsequently, a written order was issued instructing the People to amend the indictment.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People filed an amended indictment later the same day.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
The amended indictment alleged in both the first charge and the second charge that San Nicolas was a member of the same household as the victim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
Trial proceeded and the jury convicted San Nicolas of all charges in the amended indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 San Nicolas timely appealed, arguing that the trial court erred in raising the issue of the defective indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and in ordering the People to amend the original indictment.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
More specifically, San Nicolas argues that the First Degree CSC charge in the original indictment actually charged him with Third Degree CSC, and the Second Degree CSC charge in the original indictment did not charge a crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 II.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
This court has jurisdiction over this appeal pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 112-283 (2013)) and 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107 and 3108(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Whether the trial co
urt has the authority to raise a defect in the indictment is a question of law; the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s legal conclusions are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See People v. Rios}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2008 Guam 22 \'b6 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [r]eview of a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s decision to permit an amendment to a charging document is one of abuse of discretion,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs20\super\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  We note that plain error is not the correct standa
rd in this case.  Generally, we review a challenge to the sufficiency of the indictment for plain error when no objections are made. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 Guam v. Jones}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 , 2006 Guam 13 \'b6 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 United States v. Leos-Maldonado}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid2244029 ,}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid12206300  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 302 F.3d 1061, 1064 (9th Cir. 2002). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 After the issue was raised by the trial court, San Nicolas objected to the defective indictment before trial commenced.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  RA, Mot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  Partial Dismiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  Partially Defective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576 Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  (Feb. 3, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid3366720   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 People v. Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2012 Guam 5 \'b6 4, the underlying question of whether the amendment charged new or different offenses or prejudiced the defendant is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 People v. Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
s arguments can be split into two parts: first, whether the court can raise the issue of a defective indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ; and second, whether the amendment was proper.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 San Nicolas argues that the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 is supposed to be an unbiased arbiter of the law,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and thus violated its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 arbiter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s role and became an advocate for the Government}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  by raising the issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and ordering an amendment over the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s objection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 6 (Dec. 17, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Further, San Nicolas argues, the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 overstepped the bounds of providing a fundamentally fair trial and was stripped of impartiality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  by ordering a change to the indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  at 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People contend Guam law and federal precedent allow the trial court to both raise 
the issue and order the amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 10-13 (Dec. 31, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 According to the People, the trial court can raise the issue, and its }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  was given after the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 implicitly represented that an amendment to the Indictment would be the pr
eferred course of action.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  at 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Role of the Grand Jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Before addressing San Nicolas}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s contentions, we first briefly discuss the grand jury}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s role in the criminal justice system.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 A grand jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s chief duty is to determine whether the prosecuti
on has established a prima facie case that a crime has been committed and that the accused committed it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 38 Am. Jur. 2d }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Grand Jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  \'a7 2 (2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Further, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
a grand jury serves a gatekeeping function by considering the sufficiency of the evidence to support an indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  \'a7 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Title 8 GCA \'a7 50.54, entitled }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Form of Indictment: Standards for Indicting,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4484876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 (a) An indictment is an accusation in writing, presented by the grand jury to a competent court, charging a person with a felony }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 a felony and a related misdemeanor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 (b) The grand jury }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 shall }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
find an indictment when from the evidence presented there is reasonable cause to believe that an indictable offense has been committed and that the defendant committed it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 8 GCA \'a7
 50.54(a)-(b) (as amended by Guam Pub. L. 29-042:1 (Jan. 2, 2008)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390  Case law from both Guam and California discuss the statutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 ; therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390  both will be included in the discussion.  Federal case law, which is very similar, will also be discussed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 .  However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390  statutory additions to state laws, including California and Guam, have produced specific differences between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576  federal and state laws.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390    }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The indictment serves two essential purposes: it affirms that the grand jury found probable cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242  For purposes of this statute, we find that \'93reasonable cause\'94 and \'93probable cause\'94 are equivalent in meaning.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid2244029 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11996797 People v. Villapando}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid2244029 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11996797 199}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11996797  Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 31 \'b6 36 (\'93A felony prosecution requires an indictment{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b5130}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b5130} upon a {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b5133}{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b5134}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b5133}
{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b5134}probable cause determination by a grand jury.\'94); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 People v. Brice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 , 44 Cal. Rptr. 231, 240 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 Ct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242  App. 1965) {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b6648}{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b6649}{\*\bkmkstart SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b6648}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b6649}(\'93
Reasonable or probable cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242  to hold a defendant to answer means{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b6656}{\*\bkmkend SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b6656} \lquote 
such a state of facts as would lead a man of ordinary caution or prudence to believe, and conscientiously entertain a strong suspicion of the guilt of the accused}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576 People v. Nagle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 , 153 P.2d 344, 347 (Cal. 1944))}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 Perry v. Superior Court of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid659576 L.A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242  Cnty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1259242 , 368 P.2d 529, 533 (Cal. 1962) (holding that \'93sufficient\'94
 cause for a preliminary examination is equivalent in meaning to reasonable or probable cause).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 for the charges in the indictment, and it gives the defendant notice of the charges.\~ Here, the original indictment did neither.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Raising the Issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Sua Sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
San Nicolas argues that the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
does not have supervision or control over the conduct of the [prosecuting attorney]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 is not in a position to raise an issue with regard to the propriety of an indictment . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People contend that federal precedent and 8 GCA \'a7 65.15(b) permit the trial court to raise the issue of a defective indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.15(b)
, cited by the trial court as authority for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  raising the issue of the defective indictment, states: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li567\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin567\itap0\pararsid4484876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Any defense, objection or request which is capable of determination without the trial of the general issue may be raised before trial by motion.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Motions may be written or oral at the discretion of the judge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The following shall be raised prior to trial:
\par . . . 
\par (b) Defenses and objections based on defects in the indictment, information or complaint (other than that it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 fails}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  to show jurisdiction in the court or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
to charge an offense which objections shall be noticed by the court at any time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  during the pendency of the proceedings[.]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4484876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 8 GCA \'a7
 65.15(b) (2005) (emphases added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Similarly, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 12(b)(3)(B) reads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The following must be raised before trial: . . . (B) a motion alleging a defect in the indictment or information . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Fed. R. Crim. P. 12(b)(3)(B).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The Third Circuit, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 United States v. Spinner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4484876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 When . . . an indictment fails to allege all elements of an offense, the defect may be raised by the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We have held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
[f]ailure of an indictment sufficiently to state an offense is a fundamental defect . . . and it can be raised at any time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
180 F.3d 514, 516 (3d Cir. 1999) (second omission in original) (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs20\super\insrsid659576\charrsid3366720 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid3366720  The People correctly note that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid3366720 
Spinner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid3366720  is an appellate case and then list three federal cases in which district courts ruled similarly.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We agree with the trial court that section 65.15(b) gives it the authority to raise the defective indictment issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Spinner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 provides persuasive support because it relies on a rule similar to Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Compare}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  8 GCA \'a7 65.15(b), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  Fed. R. Crim. P. 12(b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
During jury selection, the trial court discovered a substantial defect in the indictment, namely, a missing element of the charge, and raised the issue with both parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We do not find that the court over-extended its authority or violated its }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 arbiter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s role and became an advocate for the Government,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  as San Nicolas alleges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We hold, therefore, that the trial court did have the authority to raise the defect in the indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The Amendment of the Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
An amendment of an indictment occurs when the charging terms of the indictment are altered by the prosecutor or court after the grand jury has passed upon them, and such amendment must be of form and not of substance to be permissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 42 C.J.S }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Indictments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  \'a7 259 (2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Generally, only the grand jury, not the court or the prosecutor, can materially amend a criminal indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 San Nicolas and the People dispute the effect of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s order for the People to amend the indictment, and whether an amendment is allowable in this situation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 San Nicolas argues that amendments must be made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 upon application of the prosecuting attorney,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and not from the court itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Further, San Nicolas argues that the court is supposed to be an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 unbiased arbiter of the law,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and that by ordering the People to amend, it committed structural error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The People rebut that the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s actions were not an order, but rather, a discussion followed by the People }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 implicitly represent[ing]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  their agreement to amend the indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Br. at 13-15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab The People}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s argument is not persuasive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s statement that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 the Court hereby orders the Government [to] amend the indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 does not appear to us to be a colloquy with an implicit representation by the People that they agree to amend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 RA, Dec. & Order at 4 (Feb. 3, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The trial court, in its Decision and Order, stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
But before the Court allows an amendment, the Court is concerned as to whether the Grand Jury received testimony to support the charges that the actor is a member of the same household as the victim . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Therefore, the Court requests the Government to produce information that it presented t
o the Grand Jury facts pointing to the additional element required by statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  at 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The prosecution represented to the trial court that the grand jury did receive testimony that the victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s mother was deployed to Iraq and left San Nicolas to care for the victim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Tr. at 24-25 (Mot. Hr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 g, Feb. 3, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
However, because we are not privy to the audio recording of the grand jury proceeding, as it is not part of the trial court record on review, all that this court has to consider are those filings and transcripts that are properly before us.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  Guam R. App. P. 7(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We cannot speculate whether the law was properly provided to the grand jury, or whether the grand jury meant to find probable cause as to those missing elements, which were not actually
 charged in the indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Nor would we endeavor to treat such a sacrosanct process so indifferently by presuming to divine the grand jury}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s intentions where those intentions were not expressed in the charging document itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs20\super\insrsid659576\charrsid12661369 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid6649 The government advised the trial court that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 the indictment was read to the g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid6649 rand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid6649 ury.\~ Tr. at 24-25 (Mot. Hr\rquote g, Feb. 3, 2012)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid6649 \~ As previously discussed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid6649  the original indictment was flawed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid659576\charrsid9726912 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab The question of whethe
r the amendment in this case charged San Nicolas with new or different offenses is a legal question subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
We find as a matter of law that the amended indictment in this case, which inserted into charges one and two language that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 the actor is a member of the same household as the victim,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 functioned to create a different offense for the first charge, elevating the alleged crime from Third Degree CSC to First Degree CSC, and to create a new charge for the second c
harge, creating the crime of Second Degree CSC where no crime was properly charged in the original indictment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab As stated above, the grand jury}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s role is to find whether probable cause exists for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 all}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  elements of a charged offense.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 A California appella
te court described the indictment process as such: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
An indictment will not be set aside or a prosecution thereon prohibited if there is some rational ground for assuming the possibility that an offense has been committed and the accused is guilty of it.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  referred to is not merely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  offense, but the offense }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 charged by the indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid659576 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Roads v. Superior Court In & For Cnty. of Siskiyou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
, 80 Cal. Rptr. 169, 171 (Ct. App. 1969) (emphases added) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The key to ensuring that the grand jury system works as it should is to ensure that the grand jury has indicted based on a finding of probable cause for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 offense charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See Callan v. Superior Court In & For Cnty. of San Mateo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 22 Cal. Rptr. 508, 514 (Ct. App. 1962).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The trial court correctly found a problem in the original indictment and brought it to the attention of both parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Tr. at 2 (Jury Trial, Feb. 2, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar 
\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid421220 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid2430975  trial court }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 did not act inappropriately when it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid2430975  attempted to ascertain whether the grand jury was apprised of the
 facts to support the missing element prior to beginning an amendment procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 .  Tr. at 24-25 (Mot. Hr\rquote g, Feb. 3, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 
  Regardless of this, however, the trial court cannot substitute its own conclusions about the evidence for the actions of the grand jury.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The difficulty, however, is that we cannot say with any certainty that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 offense charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 by the grand jury was something other than what was expressed in the language of the indictment itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The grand jury effectively indicted San Nicolas with Third Degree CSC rather than First Degree CSC in the first charge; and for the second charge, with no crime at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
A requested amendment of any indictment requires the trial judge to consider not only whether the proposed amendment compromises an individual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s right to a probable cause determination by a grand jury, but also whether 
the amendment would create prejudice to the defendant incompatible with our conception of due process.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Coffield v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 794 A.2d 588, 591 (Del. 2002).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Here, not only was there not a request by the People to amend, but the People actually opposed amending, believing the indictment to be sufficient in its original form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs16\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid859822 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\f0\super\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576  B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid11733390 oth parties objected to the amendment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 .  RA, People\rquote s Resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  Suff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  at 2-3 (Feb. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 , 2012) (arguing the original indictment was sufficient); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 RA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 Mot. Partial Dismiss}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  Partially Defective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576 Indictment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628  at 1-7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576  (Feb. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576\charrsid1770628 3, 2012) (arguing the original 
indictment was not defective as to the first charge, in that it properly charged Third Degree CSC, but was defective as to the second charge, in that if failed to charge any crime at all \endash 
 and that in neither case would an amendment be the proper remedy).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid659576  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The amendment in this case came by order of the trial court itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Nonetheless (or perhaps especially so), the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s discretion must be limited by these considerations \endash  the most relevant to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
this case being the consideration of whether the amendment affected San Nicolas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s statutory right to a probable cause determination by a grand jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
Federal jurisprudence on this issue is based on the Fifth Amendment right to a grand jury
, which is not a right extended to Guam, and is therefore not controlling on decisions of our court; in Guam, the right to a grand jury determination of probable cause is statutory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 1.15, 50.10, 50.54 (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 People v. Felder}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2012 Guam 8 \'b6\'b6 24, 30.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
The distinction between a fundamental constitutional right and a right merely conferred by the legislature is by no means insignificant; nonetheless, such a distinction cannot relieve the trial courts or the People of the obligation to safeguarding 
this right, albeit statutory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab 
The grand jury was convened and charged with the duty to make a determination as to whether probable cause existed to indict San Nicolas with a crime.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 However, based on the indictment that was returned, the crimes for wh
ich the grand jury charged San Nicolas did not amount to First Degree CSC or Second Degree CSC.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 By allowing (or ordering, as the case may be) the amendment, the trial court changed the offenses with which San Nicolas was charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 The amended indictment did
 not merely alter the original indictment in form, but it did so in substance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Such an amendment, therefore, was impermissible.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Any effort to correct the substantive errors needed to be made by the grand jury itself, and not by way of amendment ordered by the trial court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 s Criminal Procedure Code permits an indictment to be amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 upon the application of the prosecuting attorney . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 if no additional [or] different offense is charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 and if substantial rights of the defendant are not prejudiced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 8 GCA \'a7 55.20 (2005) (emphasis added); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 see also}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  42 C.J.S. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Indictments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  \'a7 259 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [A]ny substantial or material amendment of an indictment, as affecting a change in the offense charged or as adding an offense, is impermissible and must be resubmitted to t
he grand jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
Although the trial court acted within its authority in raising the defect in the indictment, it nonetheless erred by ordering the People to amend the indictment, essentially creating different and new charges against San Nicolas not found
 by the grand jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
A decision by the trial court will not be reversed for abuse of discretion unless we are left with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 a definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached upon weighing of the relevant factors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 People v. Singeo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 , 2012 Guam 27 \'b6 8 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Because the original indictment against San Nicolas was ordered to be amended by the trial court to add the missing element that resulted in a signific
ant change in the offenses charged, allowing such an amendment was an abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 As such, we cannot affirm the conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 Conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7
 65.15(b), the trial court correctly exercised its authority to raise the issue of the defective indictment to both parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
we hold as a matter of law that the amendment in this case resulted in new and different charges against San Nicolas, to his prejudice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 he trial court, therefore, abused its discretion by ordering the Peop
le to amend the indictment in such a fashion, because the required amendment included an element not found by the grand jury which changed the charges from Third Degree CSC to First Degree CSC, and created the crime of Second Degree CSC where no crime was
 initially charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484876\charrsid659576 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4484876 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 \tab Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 VACATE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
 the judgment of conviction as to the charge of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct in the first charge (fifteen counts) and Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct in the second charge (one count).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 
However, the judgment of conviction for Child Abuse in the third charge is unaffected by the issues discussed in this opinion, and thus, that conviction stands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid659576  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 We }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859822\charrsid659576  this matter to the trial court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
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