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\fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid3738679 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16474103\charrsid2885677 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Opinion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid3738679 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid2885677\charrsid2885677 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid2885677\charrsid2885677 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  PAGE  \\* Arabic  \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10158377 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid2885677\charrsid2885677 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid2885677\charrsid2885677 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  NUMPAGES  \\* Arabic  \\
* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10158377 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 9}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\fs20\insrsid16474103\charrsid2885677 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15949641 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\fs20\insrsid16474103 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ___________________
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 __________________________________________________________________________}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16474103 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10975139 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16474103 \tab 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 IN THE 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 SUPREME\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING, LTD.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 ,
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 v.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 MALCOLM CAIN,

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant.
\par 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Supre\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 me Court Case No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 CVA12-035
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Superior Court Case No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 CV1506-07
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 OPINION
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s2\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 September 30, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cite as: 2013\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Guam \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 May 24\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2013
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, Guam
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trrh2028\trleft-120\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9718\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10446532\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5046\clshdrawnil \cellx4926\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4672\clshdrawnil \cellx9598
\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Appearing for \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Seaton M. Woodley, III\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Law Office of Seaton M. Woodley, III
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Tanaka Bldg., Ste. 102 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 220 S. Rte. 4
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU 96910
\par \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appearing for \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Plaintiff-Appellee\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 G. Patrick Civille\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Civille & Tang, PLLC
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 330 Hernan Cortez Ave., Ste. 200
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trrh2028\trleft-120\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9718\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10446532\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5046\clshdrawnil \cellx4926\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4672\clshdrawnil \cellx9598\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice;\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice. 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 CARBULLIDO,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 J.:
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
This appeal arises from a dispute between Plaintiff-Appellee JWS Refrigeration & Air Conditioning, Ltd. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ) and several parties, including \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant Malcolm Cain (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, over a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 HVAC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ) contract\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for the Guam Schools Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In its decision and order, the trial court\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 awarded \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 dama\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ges against Ca\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for breaching\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  his duty of confidentiality, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 committing
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the tort of intentional interference with prospective economic advantage\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , brea\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ching\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  fiduciary duties,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  engaging
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in unfair competition\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , an\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d misappropriating\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  trade secrets\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , among other things.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 appeals \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 from \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ecision and \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rder.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 We dismiss \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  appeal \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 because we are unable to conduct meaningful review of the issues \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 due to Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s failure to include in the record a transcript of all evidence material }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to the points he raises herein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10158377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 FA
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 CTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The Guam Schools Project was a design-\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and-
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 build project owned by the Guam Educational Financing Foundation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GEFF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ) for the construction of five public schools \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 n Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS, a company that specializes in refrigeration 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and air con\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ditioning products and systems,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  submitted a bid to provide HVAC products for the Guam Schools Project (specifically for the Adacao and Liguan schools) but 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 did not get the HVAC contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain, JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  former general manager, formed a company cal\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 led Simpson Air Conditioning (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ), which was awarded the HVAC contract for 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the Adacao and Liguan schools.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 //
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 //
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Guam School\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Project Design Phase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 For over two years, JWS worked with Facility Group, the design developer for the Guam Schools Project, to develop an HVAC design for the schools.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Specifically, JWS worked to incorporate AAON and Goodman HVAC equipment and products into that design.}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\fs20\super\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  was an authorized, exclusive de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 aler of AAON products in Guam.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain, in his capacity as the general manager of JWS, represented JWS at the Facility Group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s design and development meetings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain was made privy to\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 HVAC material and installation pricing practices, which JWS deemed confidential under its employee handbook.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 After completing his work on the design phase in September 2006, Cain resigned from JWS.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 He\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 then left Guam and went on to form Simpson Air, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 whic\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 h the trial court found to be a \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 foreign corporation \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rganize
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d under the laws of Australia.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Guam Schools Project Build Phase \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and Beyond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [6]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 With the design of the Guam Schools Project complete, GEFF next moved on to the build phase.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GEFF awarded the G\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 uam Schools Project construction contract to Core Tech International (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Core Tech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ), a general contractor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Core Tech used the Facility Group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s HVAC design and solicited bids for HVAC products that fit the Facility\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s design specifications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Core Te\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ch received bids from a number of companies, including JWS \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and Simpson Air.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS submitted its HVAC bid on October 3, 2006\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , and 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air submitted its bid on October 31, 2006.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain informed Core Tech that Simpson Air}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s bid was based on a special price \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 factor that it received from AJB Associates, Inc. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 AJB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
), the company that had previously appointed JWS as the authorized exclusive dealer of AAON products in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   The trial court\hich\f0 \rquote \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law indicate that AAON International, Inc. does bu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 siness as AJB Associates, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Instead of using the normal distributor price factor of .420% for AAON HVAC products, Cain indicated that Simpson Air \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 used
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a special \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 price factor of .385% -- the same price factor that JWS \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 used\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  as AA\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ON}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s exclusive dealer in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 After receiving \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 all the bids\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , GEFF instructed Core Tech to reduce overall construction costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 To achieve that end, Core Tech considered substituting AAO\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
N HVAC products with a less expensive foreign-\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 made product.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS, however, convinced Core Tech to stick to the original design specifications that called \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 for AAON and Goodman products.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 On November 16, 2006, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Core Tech awarded Simpson Air the HVAC cont\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ract for the Adacao and Liguan schools and issued a purchase order in the amount of $359,593.60.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  This figure was revised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to $354,030.00 on May 2, 2007.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326\charrsid1521472 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 According to the testimony of Mr. Ho Eun, Core Tech}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s general manager, Core Tech did not award JWS
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the contract because JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid was the highest bid submitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Yet\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
t the time that Core Tech awarded Simpson Air the HVAC contract, Core Tech was unaware that JWS was the exclusive dealer \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  AAON products in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Mr. Eun later testified that if he knew 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  exclusive dealership, he would have honored the distribu\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 torship as a good businessman.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Around the time that Core Tech awarded Simpson Air the HVAC contract, JWS informed Andrew Billok, the president of AAON International, Inc., that Core Tec\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
h intended to purchase HVAC AAON products from Simpson Air.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS reminded Billok that \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  was the authorized AAON dealer \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 i
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 n Guam pursuant to an exclusive distributorship agreement with AJB and that allowing Simpson Air to buy and bring AAON equipment to Gua\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 m }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 would not bode well for their business relationship.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ), tab 287 at 5-6 (Finds. Fact & Concl. L., July 24, 2012).\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 While the relationship between Billok and JWS soured, Billok}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s relationship with Simpson Air seemed to flouris\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 h.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Cain built upon the personal and professional relationship that he initially established with Billok during Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s time as JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  general manager.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  summer of 2006,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
AJB made Cain an AAON products representative in Australia.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In April 2007\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Billok wrote to Cain, asking Cain not to publicize their business dealings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain responded by informing Billok that 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  would be placing an order for AAON products to fulfill a revised purchase order \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  received from Core Tech relating to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Adacao and Liguan schools.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Meanwhile, Cain also established a relationship between Simpson Air and Thermal Supply Inc\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 TSI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 TSI is a Washington-\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 based corporation that supplied Goodman products \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Guam through Randy Asa, TSI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s on-island represen\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 TSI distributed Goodman products in Guam through JWS, one of TSI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s non-exclusive associate distributors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain asked Asa for price quotations 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Goodman products that Cain needed for the Guam Schools Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Asa gave Cain a pricing rebate for th\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e Goodman products.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
This rebate was identical to the pricing rebate TSI gave to JWS after JWS had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 successfully negotiated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  for this particular rebate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at 8, 10.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Th\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  turn of events \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 eventually led JWS to file its c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 omplaint against Cain,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Asa, B\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 illlok,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air, TSI,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 AAON International, Inc.,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and others.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In its complaint, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS alleged \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  had\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
breached his duty of confidentiality, committed the tort of intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, breached his fiduciary du\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ties, engaged in unfair competition, and misappropriated trade secrets.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The matter\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 came on fo\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r bench trial in \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Superior Court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 hereafter, t
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he trial court issued its Findings of Fact and Conclu\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 sions of Law, finding that Cain had\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 breached his d\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
uty of confidentiality\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , tortiously interfered with the prospective economic advantage with Core Tech as to JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid for Adacao and Ligu\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an Elementary Schools\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , breached his fi
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 duciary duties to JWS\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , engaged in unfa\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ir competition\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , and misappr\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 opriated trade sec\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rets
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at 8-21.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain timely appealed the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 amended \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 judgme\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nt entered on October 15, 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 He\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 also\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  filed a certificate stating that \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 no transcript will be ordered.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS subsequently\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  filed a motion to strike and for sanctions against Cain, as\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 serting that some of Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s arguments in his opening brief relied on exhibits (specifically, exhibits U, RR, SS, QQQ, and RRR) that have not been admitted into evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS argued that these exhibits must be stricken where referenced in \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  opening br
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ief and from \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 his\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  excerpts of record because these non-admitted exhibits were not properly part of the record on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 We\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  granted JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 motion in part, ordering Cain to strike the relevant portions of his opening brief and excerpts of record that relied u\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 pon th\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e improperly included material.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10158377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 II.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JURISDICTION}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 This court has jurisdiction over appeals from final judgments of the trial court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 48 U.S.C.A. \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'a7\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 113-\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 31 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (2013)); 7 GCA \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'a7\'a7\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  3107(b), 3108(a) (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 2005\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10158377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 III.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As a question of law, we conduct a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  review \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to determine \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 whether Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s appeal should be dismissed under 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Rules 15(c)(1)(H) and 7(b)(2)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 G\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 uam Rules of Appellate Procedure (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 G\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RAP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Gutierrez v. Guam Power Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2013\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  Guam 1 \'b6\loch\f0 
 8 (recognizing that questions of law are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10158377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 I
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 This case presents \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
a threshold\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  issue of whether \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 we should dismiss \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  appeal\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 for\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  failure to include in the record a transcript of all evidence material to the points Cain raises \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
herein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In his opening brief, Cain addresses five issues on appeal: (1) whether the trial court erred in finding\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Cain financially liable to JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (2) whether 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the trial court erred when it found that Simpson Air was a foreign corporation organized and exist\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ing under the laws of Australia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 (3) whether the trial court erred when it found that Cain tortiou\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 sly engaged in wrongful conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (4) whether the trial court\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  erred when it found that Cain}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s wrongful act of submitting a bid \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 undercut prices for AAON products based on confidential information attained while in the employment of JWS caused JWS fin
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ancial harm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe0\langnp2057\langfenp0\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and (5) whether the trial court erred when it foun\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d that JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 pricing practices and procedures constitute trade secrets.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s Br. at 1-14\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (Jan. 3, 2013).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
In its opposition \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 brief, JWS\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 argues that we should dismiss\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , without addressing the merits \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s issues,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 pursuant to\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  GRAP\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ules 15(c)(1)(H\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid11210326 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid2689460 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid2689460 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 conceded at oral argument that GRAP}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  15(c)(1)(H),\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 which governs \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 transcripts for \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 any other ruling\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid11757068 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rder, finding or conclusion that was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid11757068 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 delivered orally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 does not apply\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to this case
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid2689460 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Digital Recording at 30:56-33:25 (O
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ral Argument, May 24, 2013).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and 7(b)(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 for \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 our inability to conduct\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  meaningful review without a transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appell\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Br. at 18-25.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 We address the\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 requirements\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and applicability\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 of each rule in turn.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 15(c)(1)(H)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [21]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP 15(c)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  governs the contents required for the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 excerpts of record \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 submitted \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 in all appeals.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Specifically, GRAP 15(c)(1)(H)
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  provides that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 :\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
where an issue on appeal is based upon a challenge to any other ruling, order, finding of fact, or conclusion of law, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and th
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 at ruling, order, finding or conclusion was delivered orally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , that specific portion of the reporter}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s transcript recording any discussion by court or counsel in which the assignment of error is alleged to rest\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 must be included.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  15(c)(1)(H) (emphas\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Rule\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  15(c)(1)(H) does not require a transcript in this instance because \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 it\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 applies only to situations where the trial court made an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  ruling, order, finding or conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Here, the findings of fact and conclusions of law Cain challenges was not delivered orally\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ; 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rather,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  it was reduced to writing.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
tab 287 at 1-25 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Because \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP 15(c)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (1)(H) does not ap\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ply here, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
we need not \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 reach\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  whether \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 failure to order a transcript \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 under this rule\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
requires dismissal of the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP 7(b)(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [22]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP 7(b)(2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid11210326 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0  GRAP 7(b)(2) is identical to Rule 10(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure (\'93\loch\f0 FR
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 AP\'94\loch\f0 ).  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP 7(b)(2), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 FRAP 10(b)(2).  When addressing GRAP 7(b)(2) issues in the past, this court has looked to federal case law interpreting FRAP 10(b)(2) for guidance.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326\charrsid7538424 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326\charrsid7538424 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 McGhee v. McGhee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2008 Guam 17 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  12 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 (\'93\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
Because the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure are substantially similar to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, we look to federal case law for guidance.\'94\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid11210326\charrsid8731707 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Sananap v. Cyfred, Ltd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326\charrsid8731707 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 10 \'b6\loch\f0  8 n. 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Lamb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 v. Hoffman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 2 \'b6\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 57 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (cit
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ing 7th Circuit and 9th Circuit cases construing FRAP 10(b)(2)).\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 states\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
If the appellant intends to urge on appeal that a finding or conclusion is unsupported by the evidence or is contrary to the evidence, the appellant must include in the record a tr\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
anscript of all evidence relevant to that finding or conclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 GRAP \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 7(b)(2).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 It is the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s burden\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  under \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 this rule\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 to provide transcripts of all the evidence, whether good or bad, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 which\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 is material to the factual points the appellant wishes to \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
raise on appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
J.J. Moving Servs.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Inc. v. Sanko Bussan (Guam) Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1998 Guam 19 \'b6\loch\f0  10.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Failure\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to provide relevant portions of a transcript\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  under GRAP 7(b)(2)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  may require dismissal of the appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See Lamb\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  v. Hoffman}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 2 \'b6\loch\f0  57\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (quoting\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Sync\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 om Capital Corp. v. Wade}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 924 F.2d 167, 169 (9th Cir. 1991)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 If\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 lack\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 of a transcript precludes meaningful review, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 an appellate court has no alternative but to dismiss an appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 McGhee\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  v. McGhee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2008 Guam 17 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  12 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Birchler v. Gell Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 88 F.3d 518, 520 (7th \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cir. 1996)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Lamb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 2 \'b6\loch\f0  57.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 If,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 however\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , meaningful review is possible despite the absence of 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  transcript, an appellate court has the discretion to disregard the failure and decide the appeal on its merits\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to the extent t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
he record allows.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 McGhee
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2008 Guam 17 \loch\af0\dbch\af11\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0  12 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Lamb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2008 Guam 2 \'b6
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  57).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellate courts have found\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  meaningful review possible \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 despite\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the absence of a transcript where the review required 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 was limited \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to whether the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s conclusions o\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 f law followed from its findings of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2A Fed. Proc. L. Ed. \'a7\loch\f0  3:662; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Trujillo v. Grand Junction 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Reg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 l Ctr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
, 928 F.2d 973, 976 (10th Cir. 1991) (limiting review to whether the district court properly applied the law to the facts).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 But where review \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 required an examination of facts elicited at trial\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 appellate courts have found \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that it cannot \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 conduct\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  meaningful review in\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the absence of a transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , e.g.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Syncom Capital Corp.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 924 F.2d at 169-70\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [B]oth . . . contentions on appeal depend 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on an examination of the facts elicited at trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Because we lack a transcript detailing what these fact might be, we are not in a position to review this appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ;
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 w.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Adm}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rs
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Inc. v. Lopez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 781 F.2d 1378, 1380 (9th Cir. 1986)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 (concluding it could not \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 meaningfully review the district court decision without a record of pr\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 oceedings from below because questions presented raise\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  factual issues as to what the parties intended and what they did).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Here, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s contentions depend \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 for their \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
resolution an examination of the facts elicited at trial\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 precluding our ability to conduct meaningful review without a transcript.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Inability to Conduct\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Meaningful Review\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Under GRAP 7(b)(2)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Although engaging in a review as the record allows may be permissible in some instances, such limited review is not \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 warranted he\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 re.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
his is not a case where we could limit \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 review\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to whether the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s conclusions of law follow from its undisputed f\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 indings of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As we detail below, e\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ach
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 issue\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  that Cain raises\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  requires an inqu\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 iry that is essentially factual, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
subject to a clearly erroneous standard of review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid11210326 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af11\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid11210326 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 We have previously held:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid10975139 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid13522639 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid12260330 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 finding is clearly erroneous when, even though some evidence\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 supports it, the entire record produces the definite and firm conviction that the court below committed a mistake.  The appellate court accords particular weight to the trial judge\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s assessment of conflicting or ambiguous evidence.  The applicable standa\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
d of appellate review is narrow; the test is whether the lower court rationally could have found as it did, rather than whether the reviewing court would have ruled differently.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid11210326 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid14319004 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Yang v. Hang}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326\charrsid14319004 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 1998 Guam 9 \'b6\loch\f0  7 (citation omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid11210326 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ee 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Yoshida v. Guam Transp.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 &\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Warehouse, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 2013 Guam 5 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (acknowledging that setting aside the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s factual findings require the application of the clearl
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y erroneous standard of review\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
Town House Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Stores
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Inc. v. Ahn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2000 Guam 32 \'b6\loch\f0  13\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 First, Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 challenges\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  whether the trial court erred in finding Cain financially liable to JWS.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Br. at 6-7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Although Cain \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 does not clearly indicate\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 precise 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 point of error, Cain \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 appears to more \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 specifically \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 argue\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the trial court \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 erred\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  when it made this factual determination:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
It is this Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
s opinion, based on the testimony of CORE TECH, that there was a possibility that CORE TECH would not have summarily rejected JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid, and based on the exclusive distributorsh\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ip would have communicated with JWS for possible award.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid was not the cause of its losses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 at 6 (citing RA, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab 287 at 16 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain asserts that, c\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ontrary to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s findings\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Core Tech rejected JWS[}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ] bid b\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ecause it was too high[,] JWS wanted too much money for his AAON products[, and] no activities or actions by [Cain] caused JWS to lose the contract.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 presents\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  us with one\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 exhibit\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 i.e., 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 exhibit KK)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to review in support of his argumen\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at 6\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (citing \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Pl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Trial Exs., \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 KK
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 at 2\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Document Route Slip\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 indicating\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  three bids for the Adacao a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nd Liguan schools HVAC contract, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 submitted by JWS ($441,072.00\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
), Simpson Air ($354,030.00\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ), and Carrier ($349,344.00\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 However, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 esolving this\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  issue
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 requires \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 further\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  examination \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 into the facts\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
beyond exhibit KK \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to determine \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 whether the trial court committed a mistake\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 when it found that JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  high bid\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 was not the cause of its losses and that there was a possibility Core Tech would not\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  have summarily rejected JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  bid had it known of its exclusive distributorship of AAON products in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Such an examination
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  requires a review \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 of the transcripts presenting this court\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  with the oral testimony \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 regarding this issue; without it
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , we cannot de\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 termine whether \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  findings were clearly erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [29]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Second, Cain raises the issue of whether the trial court erred when it found that Simpson Air was a foreign corporation organized and existing under the\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  laws of Australia.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 id.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t 7-9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  trial court \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 specifically 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 found \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 to be\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a foreign corporation organized and existing under the laws of Australia, formed on or about\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 September of 2006\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [and]\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  not licensed to do business on Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab 287 at 3 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 & Concl. L.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 disputing\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 this\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  finding, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain asserts \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that there is nothing in the record showing that a corporate entity was involved or created.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Br. at \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 cites\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  one document in suppor\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t of his assertion, namely,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  his answer to 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  first amended complaint,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  wherein he denied JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  allegation that Simpson Air was a corporation that was organized and existed under the laws of Australia.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA, tab 38 at 1 (Answer of Def. Malcolm Cain to Pl.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s First Am. Compl., Dec
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . 31, 2008); RA, tab \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 33 at 2 (First Am. Compl.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 R\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 esolution\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of this issue\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
requires an examination of the facts elicited at trial beyond the pleadings, and \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 w\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ithout\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  the transcripts,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  we cannot determine
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  whether the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 factual findings \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 regarding \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Simpson Air \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 were\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  clearl
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 y erroneous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [31]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Third, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain raises the issue of whether the trial court erred when it found that Cain tortiously\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 engaged in wrongful conduct, a necessary component of the tort of intentional interference with prospective economic advantage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See Korea \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Supply Co. v. Lockheed Martin Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 63 P.3d 937, 950\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cal. 2003\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 (indicating that the tort of intentional interference with prospective economic advantage requires the defendant to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 intentionally engaged in [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
wrongful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ] acts \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 or \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
conduct designed to interfere with or disrupt the relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (alteration in original) \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Della Penna v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 902 P.2d 740, 743\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 n.1 (Cal. 1995)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 (internal quotation\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  marks\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  omitted)\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Specifically, the trial court found\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  that Cain acted wrongfully by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
submitting a bid which undercut prices for AAON products based on prior confidential information attained while in the employment of JWS[.]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab 287 at 15 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [32]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain argues t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 hat the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s findings are\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  not supported by the facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Br. at 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 He\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 asserts that he did not wrongfully use 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 any of \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  confidential \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 information,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  as\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  he did not rely on his
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  prior\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  knowledge of JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  confidential pricing \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 practices\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  when f\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ormulating his bid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Moreover\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  contends\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  information was not\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , in fact,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  confidential because \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
information regarding the original design specifications for the bid was\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  provided\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  to all bidders\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 was\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 public knowledge\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 well before\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 he\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  submitted his bid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Se\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 This issue\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 similar to the issues raised earlier,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  involves an inquiry that is essentially factual, and a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
bsent the trial transcripts\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 detailing what the facts might be,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  we cannot \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 determine\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 whether the trial court committed clear error\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in determini\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ng that Cain engaged in wrongful conduct by using\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  confidential information.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [34]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Fourth, Cain raises the issue of whether the trial court erred when it found that Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s wrongful act of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 submitting a bid which undercut prices for AAON products based \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 on confidential information attained while in the employment of JWS}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  caused JWS financial harm.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab 287 at 15 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ee\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  also\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Br}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 at 11-13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 The trial court\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  specifically\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  found that \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 wrongful act was a cause of JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  financial harm and that JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  high bid was not the cause of its losses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  RA, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tab 287 at 15-16 (\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 It\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  made this finding when \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 analyzing\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 whether Cain committed the tort of intentional interference with prospective economic \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 advanta\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ge,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 as\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  this tort 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 requires that the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s interference proximately caused \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 economic harm to the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See Korea Supply Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , 63 P.3d at 950.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain challenges the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s finding, arguing\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , instead, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  high bid was\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the cause of \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  losses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Br. at 13-14 (citing \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 RA\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Pl.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s Trial Exs., tab KK at 2\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Document Route Slip\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 )) (highlighting the following bids: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 SIMPSON bid $354,030; JWS bid $441,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 072 and CARRIER Bid $349,344}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  contends 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 that \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the testimony of Mr. Jong Wong, a Core Tech technician, should be dispositive of the issue.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Yet, Cain\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  has not provided us with the relevant transcripts to \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 make this evaluation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As such\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , without the transcripts we are unable to consider whethe
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 r the trial court made a clearly erroneous finding as to this matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [36]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Finally, Cain raises the issue of whether the trial court erred when it found that JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  pricing practices and procedures constitute trade secrets.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  at \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Without citing t\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 o anything in the record, Cain asserts that\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 pricing practices and procedures could not be trade secrets because \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 this information\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  was\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  general knowledge and \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 was\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
 disclosed to Facility Group and Core Tech before he formulated Simpson Air}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s bid.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 See i\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 d.\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t 11\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  (arguing that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [m]atters of public knowledge or of general knowledge in an industry cannot be appropriated by one as his secret.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Resolution of this issue, too, 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 requires an examination of the facts elicited at trial\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  regarding the public knowledge or general knowledge of JWS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  pricing practices and procedures, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 and w\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
ithout the transcripts\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  detailing what \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 those\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  facts\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  are\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , we can\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
not determine whether the trial\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s fi\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 ings were clearly erroneous. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 In sum, i\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t is im\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 possible for us to dete\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 rmine\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 whether the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s factual findings
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  as to each issue\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  were clearly erroneous, giving due regard to the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s judgment about the credibility of witnesses, without \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a transcript\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  in this instance.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Because 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a transcrip\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t is\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  essential for providing meaningful review in this particular case, \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 its absence\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  p
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 recludes our meaningful review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 //
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 //
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10158377 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 V.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 CONCLUSION}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2821638 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638\charrsid2821638 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 [38]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \tab 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 Although we\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  recognize \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 tha\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 t dism\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 issal is a drastic remedy,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 
the \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 issues \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 before us \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 require an examination\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  of the facts elicited at trial,\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  and we are without 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 transcript\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  needed to conduct \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 meaningful review.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 As such\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 , we are 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 not in a position to review this \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 appeal on its merits and have no alternative but to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 DISMISS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 the appeal \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 due to\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  Cain}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11210326\charrsid2821638 \hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 s failure to includ
\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 e in the record a transcript of all evidence material to the points he raises\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0  herein\hich\af0\dbch\af11\loch\f0 . 
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