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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 THE PEOPLE OF GUAM,
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 v.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 NRINEXT RIOCNE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 JIMMY KIRACHY and JAMES KIROSY,
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Supreme Court Case No. CRA11-003
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 OPINION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 May 30, 2012
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Cite as: 2012 Guam 5
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Submitted on Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Brief October 31, 2011
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5925098\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid5925098 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Jonathan Quan, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par Office of the Attorney General of Guam
\par 287 W O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Brien Dr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Thomas Fisher, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par Fisher and Associates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Ste. 101, 167 E Marine Corps Dr.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5925098\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; and KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 MARAMAN, J.:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab 
Defendant-Appellant Nrinext Riocne appeals from a conviction of one count of disorderly conduct, as a violation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Riocne argues that the trial court erred when it approved an amendment to the complaint charging the defendant under a different subsection of the disorderly conduct statute because it was an additional or different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne also argues that his 
conviction is a nullity because the trial court failed to arraign him on the amended charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 After an independent examination of the law and the record on appeal, we find that Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s substantial rights were not prejudiced by either the amendment or the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s failure to rearraign him on the amended complaint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 We therefore affirm his conviction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 I.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Guam Police Department Officer Donny Pangelinan was called regarding a disturbance at Hemlani Apartments in Harmon, Guam and arrived at the scene around midnight.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Officer Pangelinan observed the Defendant-Appellant, Nrinext Riocne, shouting from the second floor of the apartment building. Officer Pangelinan advised Riocne to calm down and began to question him. In the 
middle of questioning, Riocne continued to shout at a group of males. Upon instructing Riocne to calm down once more, he complied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Shortly thereafter, Riocne began shouting in the direction of Officer Pangelinan and told him, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Fuck you.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Transcripts (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 at 12-13 (Bench Trial, May 16, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne was then arrested for disorderly conduct. The People filed a magistrate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s complaint charging Riocne with disorderly conduct as a petty misdemeanor under 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a)(1) and (c) and public drunkenness as a violation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Before trial, the People moved to amend the complaint to charge Riocne with disorderly conduct under 9 GCA \'a7
 61.15(a)(2) and (c) and public drunkenness under 9 GCA \'a7 61.25(a) and (b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The People amended the complaint on the grounds that the charge under subsection (a)(2) better fit the facts of the case and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
[the] amendment [did] not charge an additional or different offense and [did] not prejudice the substantial rights of the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49 at 2 (Mot. Leave of Ct. to File Am. Compl., May 13, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Over Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s objection, the trial court granted the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s motion to amend.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 After a bench trial, the trial court found Riocne guilty of a lesser included offense, disorderly conduct as a violation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 This appeal followed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 II.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court of Guam pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7
 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 112-104 (2012)); 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b) and 3108(a) (2005); and 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10 and 130.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 III.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Review of a trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s decision to permit an amendment to a charging document is one of abuse of discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 State v. Seeler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
, 316 S.W.3d 920, 925 (Mo. 2010) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 State v. Smith}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 242 S.W.3d 735, 742 (Mo. Ct. App. 2007)); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
City of Windsor Heights v. Spanos}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 572 N.W.2d 591, 592 (Iowa 1997); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 State v. Wilson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 172 P.3d 1264, 1268 (Mont. 2007).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 People v. Salas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 , we held that we review the amendment of an indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 .  2000 Guam 2 \'b6
 10 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 United States v. Morlan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 , 756 F.2d 1442, 1444 (9th Cir. 1985)).  However, review of an indictment is }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  only when reviewing the sufficiency of the indictment.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 See Morlan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 , 756 F.2d at 1444.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab A trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s failure to arraign a defendant is reviewed for reversible error.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See State v. Bruyette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 604 A.2d 1270, 1277 (Vt. 1992) (internal citation omitted) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 It may be reversible error if a defendant is not arraigned on any charge, or if an arraignment is not held after a material change is made to the charges.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tingle v. State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 632 N.E.2d 345, 355 (Ind. 1994) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 A showing of harm prejudicial to the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s substantial rights is required to demonstrate reversible error.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 IV.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 ANALYSIS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Over Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s objection, the trial court granted the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s motion to amend the complaint charging Riocne under a different subsection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tr. at 2-3 (Bench Trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne maintains in his opening brief on appeal that the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s ruling was error because 8 GCA \'a7 55.20 permits the prosecution to amend the complaint at trial, but not to add a new charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Br. at 5-8 (Sept. 12, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The People did not 
file an opposing brief, but instead submitted a letter pursuant to Rule 13(i) of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs20\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  Rule 13(i) requires counsel to \'93
timely inform the Clerk and each other party by letter of all developments affecting appeals, certifie
d questions, motions or writ petitions pending in this Court, including contemplated and actual settlements, circumstances or facts that could render the matter moot and pertinent developments in applicable case law, statutes and regulations.\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238 Guam R. App. P.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  13(i).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Letter from Attorney General to Clerk of Court, Re:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  (Oct. 26, 2011).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
The People argue that Riocne should have been arraigned on the new charge, but maintain that the bench trial was proper and without error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Though the People have asserted that this change in its position is dispositive of the issues raised in this appeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , this court has clarified that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "'}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
the proper administration of the criminal law cannot be left merely to the stipulation of parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Yingling}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 2009 Guam 11 \'b6 13 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Young v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 315 U.S. 257, 259 (1942)).}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Accordingly, this court has a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
responsibility to independently examine the law and the record to determine whether the prosecutor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s concession is well-founded.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  (citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Amendment of a Complaint Under Guam Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s statute allowing an accusatory pleading to be amended, 8 GCA \'a7 55.20,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\fs20\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid1072370 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid1072370 
 This statute is similar to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 7(e).  Rule 7(e) provides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid1719238 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid1072370  \'93
Unless an additional or different offense is charged or a substantial right of the defendant is p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid1719238 rejudiced, the court may permit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid1072370 an information to be amended at any time before the verdict or finding.\'94  Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(e).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  reads:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The court may permit a
n indictment or information to be amended upon the application of the prosecuting attorney at any time before verdict or finding if no additional [or] different offense is charged and if substantial rights of the defendant are not prejudiced.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 8 GCA \'a7 55.20 (2005) (alteration in original).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs20\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238  A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 Complaint may be amended in the same manner as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238  an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 indictment }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 information.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid12725793 8 GCA \'a7 15.10 (2005) (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238 \'93[T]he Complaint shall be subject to the same rules of pleading as an indictment for [sic] information.\'94).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Under this two-prong test, an amendment to the complaint charging Riocne with disorderly conduct was allowed if: (1) no additional or different offense was charged, and (2) the substantial rights of Riocne were not prejudiced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab The first magistrate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s co
mplaint charged Riocne with disorderly conduct as a petty misdemeanor under 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a)(1) and (c) and public drunkenness as a violation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 1 at 2 (Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Compl., Aug. 23, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The amended magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s complaint charged Riocne with disorderly conduct as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 a petty misdemeanor under 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a)(2) and (c) and public drunkenness as a violation under 9 GCA \'a7 61.25(a) and (b).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49, ex. A at 2 (Am. Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Compl., May 13, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The People amended the complaint on the grounds tha
t the charge under section 61.25(a)(2) better fit the facts of the case and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [the] amendment [did] not charge an additional or different offense and [did] not prejudice the substantial rights of the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49 at 2 (Mot. Leave of Ct. to File Am. Compl., May 13, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
When Riocne objected to the amendment at trial, the People reiterated that there was no additional or different offense, arguing that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [i]t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s still disorderly conduct,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  but conceding that the charge was based on creating noise as opposed to fighting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tr. at 2-3 (Bench Trial).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 On appeal, Riocne argues that the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s amendment was improper because it charged a new statutory violation and alleged new facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Br. at 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid612269 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Different Offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s disorderly conduct statute, 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a), provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid612269 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
(a) A person is guilty of disorderly conduct, if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 (1) engages in fighting or threatening, or in violent or tumultuous behavior;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 (2) makes unreasonable noise or offensively coarse utterance, gesture or display, or addresses abusive language to any person present; or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 (3) creates a hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act which serves no legitimate purpose of the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The original complaint stated that Riocne }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
recklessly created a risk of public inconvenience, annoyance and alarm by violent and tumultuous behavior, after a reasonable warning and request to desist,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a)(1).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 1 at 2 (Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Compl.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s declaration in support of the original complaint stated that Riocne }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 continued to behave aggressively trying to fight with the other men in the area and had to be restrained by Officers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  at 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 In contrast, the amended complaint stated that Riocne }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, and recklessly creating a risk thereof, he [made] unreasonable noise or offensively coarse utte
rance, gesture or display, or address[ed] abusive language to any person present,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a)(2) and (c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49, ex. A at 2 (Am. Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Compl.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid4531507 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid4531507  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 
The People heightened their own burden when they initially charged the defendant with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 recklessly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 
 creating a risk of public inconvenience,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238\charrsid4531507  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 annoyance or alarm, and subsequently amended the charge to allege }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 intent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584  recklessly creating a risk thereof.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid4531507 
The defense raised this fact in closing arguments:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid1719238\charrsid7548834 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 But, they did add the element of intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm, and recklessly creating a risk thereof. The Court is aware that the statute is, or, recklessly creating a risk th
ereof. They chose to allege this conjunctively when they could have done it disjunctively, they didn't, and they haven't presented evidence sufficient to \endash  to make their case as to that.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238\charrsid7236584 Tr. at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid1719238 
33 (Bench Trial).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
The amended declaration omitted any reference to Riocne behaving aggressively by trying to fight with other men in the area and instead added the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne continued shouting after being instructed multiple times to calm down and stop shouting.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49, ex. B at 1 (Am. Decl. Lisa Hack, May 13, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 This sentence merely clarifies the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 tumultuous behavior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  alleged in the original complaint. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 a.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Allegation of New Facts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , we stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 An amendment to an indictment which alleges no new facts and cites no new statutory citation has been held not to charge an additional or different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 16 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 United States v. Stone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 954 F.2d 1187, 1191 (6th Cir. 1992)).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid13843160 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid13843160  Although the issue in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid13843160 People v. Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid13843160  was the amendment of an indictment, the same rationale applies to the amendment of an information under 8 GCA \'a7 55.20.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne argues that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Diaz }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
case stands for the proposition that an amendment that alleges new facts and a new statutory citation therefore charges an additional or different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Br. at 7-8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 However, Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s interpretation of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  holding is inaccurate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Stone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  court, from which the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  holding was derived, stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 We find it significant that the amended information alleged no new facts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Stone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 954 F.2d at 1191.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Thus, the lack of new facts in an amended complaint is significant, rather than dispositive, and the allegation of new facts does not necessarily charge a new or different offense.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The amended complaint merely clarified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 tumultuous behavior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  by alleging that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Riocne continued shouting after being instructed multiple times to calm down and stop shouting,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  and new information on how the People were proceeding was given.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 RA, tab 49, ex. B at 1 (Am. Decl.).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Allegations of new facts in an amended complaint are analyzed to determine whether a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s substantial rights are prejudiced, discussed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 infra }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Part IV.A.2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See Commonwealth v. Stanley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}
{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}401 A.2d 1166{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2}, 1175 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1979) (analyzing whether allegations of new facts prejudice a defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s substantial rights).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Thus, the question turns to whether the citation to a different subsection of a statute constitutes the charging of a different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 b.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Different Subsection Constituting a Different Offense}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Title 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a), provides that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [a] person is guilty of disorderly conduct, if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  he engages in certain types of behavior enumerated in the statute.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a) (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
We recognize that there are two views among courts as to whether different subsections within the same statute constitute separate offenses.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See Ex parte State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
, 528 So. 2d 1159, 1162 (Ala. 1988) (view that subsections merely set out alternative ways of proving the same crime); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Spotted Eagle}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 243 P.3d 402, 404 (Mont. 2010) (view that subsections constitute different offenses).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 We decline t
o formulate a blanket rule as to whether two subsections constitute a different offense because, under this particular amended complaint and statute, Riocne was charged with the same offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Because the same state of mind requirement is attributed to the 
listed types of conduct, the statute merely set out alternative ways of proving the same crime of disorderly conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 9 GCA \'a7 61.15(a).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Salas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , we noted that 8 GCA \'a7 55.20, Guam}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s statute permitting an accusatory pleading to be amended:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
[P]rovides the court with a flexible tool to allow parties to change easily small errors in their pleadings. . . . Unless a judge has been able to point to an added charge of which the defendant and his or her counsel had no knowledge or a substantial wa
y in which a defendant has been prejudiced, judges have consistently allowed the prosecution to make this amendment.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
\par 2000 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 2 }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \'b6 13.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Although the People amended the charge to allege disorderly conduct by way of an offensive gesture or display, Riocne had already been charged with disorderly conduct by way of violent and tumultuous behavior in the original complaint; it cannot be said t
hat Riocne had no knowledge of the incident giving rise to the charge of disorderly conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne was on notice of the charge of disorderly conduct generally.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Under these circumstances, he was not charged with an additional or different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Neverthel
ess, we still are required to determine whether the amendment and allegations of new facts somehow prejudiced Riocne in a substantial way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 We find under the second prong of the conjunctive test that Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s rights were not substantially prejudiced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Prejudice to the Substantial Rights of the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , we stated that analysis under the second prong of the test allowing for an amended indictment is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
necessary even where an amendment does not charge an additional or new offense, as this type of amendment to an indictment may prejudice a defendant in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 a substantial way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Diaz}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6 17 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Salas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 2000 Guam 2 \'b6 13).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 We stated the standard for concluding if a defendant is prejudiced as follows:}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The test as to whether the defendant is 
prejudiced by an amendment to an indictment has been said to be whether a defense under an indictment as it originally stood would be equally available after the amendment is made, and whether any evidence the defendant might have would be equally applica
ble to the indictment in the one form as in the other.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 United States v. Fawcett}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 115 F.2d 764, 767 (3d Cir. 1940)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne fails to explain how his rights were prejudiced, and the record is devoid of any apparent prejudice caused by the amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s defense to the allegations of tumultuous behavior by way of shouting is that it was reasonable because he was hit in the head with a baseball bat and was talking to the police from the second deck of the apartment building.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tr. at 45 (Bench Trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s defense to the amended charge of an offensively coarse utterance, offensive gesture or display by saying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 fuck you}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  was that the statute being violated involves disorderly conduct, which does not encompass offensive speech.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Riocne continued to use his original defense to tumultuous behavior and supplemented it with the second defense after the charge was amended.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Because the defense was just as available to Riocne after the amendment was made, he did not suffer any prejudice by the amendment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab 
Allegations of new facts in an amended information or indictment can also cause prejudice to the substantial rights of the defendant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See Stanley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 401 A.2d at 1175.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 In determining whether a factual change produces a new offen
se, courts ask whether the crimes specified in the original charging pleading:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
[I]nvolve the same basic elements and evolved out of the same factual situation as the crimes specified in the amended indictment or information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 If so, then the defendant is deemed to have been placed on notice regarding his alleged criminal conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
If, however, the amended provision alleges a different set of events,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 {\*\bkmkstart FN[FN27]}
{\*\bkmkstart F027271979109032}{\*\bkmkend FN[FN27]}{\*\bkmkend F027271979109032}\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
or the elements or defenses to the amended crime are materially different from the elements or defenses to the crime originally charged, such that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 {\*\bkmkstart sp_659_213}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_213}{\*\bkmkend sp_659_213}{\*\bkmkend SDU_213}\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 {\*\bkmkstart citeas((Cite_as:_265_Pa.Super._194,_*213}{\*\bkmkend citeas((Cite_as:_265_Pa.Super._194,_*213}defendant would be prejudiced by the change,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 {\*\bkmkstart FN[FN28]}{\*\bkmkstart F028281979109032}{\*\bkmkend FN[FN28]}{\*\bkmkend F028281979109032}\~}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 then the amendment is not permitted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 (footnotes omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The purpose of the test is to ensure that the defendant is apprised of the charges against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The subsections of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s disorderly conduct statute in
volve the same basic elements and only clarify the manner of conduct being alleged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The elements in the amended subsection are not materially different from the subsection originally charged, as the same state of mind is att
ributed to each manner of conduct enumerated in the statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Again, Riocne was originally charged with violent or tumultuous behavior, which encompasses the behavior alleged in the amended subsection, i.e., making an offensive gesture or display.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The charges also evolved out of the same factual situation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Although the People alleged the added fact that Riocne continued to shout after the police told him to stop, this event still occurred during the disturbance at the apartment complex.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Because Riocne was ap
prised of the charges against him, the amendment did not produce a new offense so as to prejudice his substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Thus, the People}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s amendment of the complaint charging Riocne under a different subsection of the disorderly conduct statute was allow
able because the amendment did not charge him with a different offense or prejudice his rights in a substantial way.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Failure to Arraign the Defendant on the Amended Charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab 
When the People moved to amend the charge, Riocne objected and stated that he would have to be arraigned on the new charge because it alleged a new statutory subsection.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Tr. at 2 (Bench Trial).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The trial court granted the motion over Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s objection on the basis that the People did not allege an additional or different offense.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Riocne argues that he was required to be arraigned on the amended charge and the resulting conviction is a nullity because he was not arraigned.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Br. at 8-9.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The People concede that Riocne is correct in his assertion that he should have been arraigned on the new charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Rule 13(i) Letter from Attorney General Re:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People of Guam v. Nrinext Riocne, et al. (Oct. 26, 2011).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab Title 8 GCA \'a7
 60.10 reads:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
(a) The defendant shall be arraigned promptly after the indictment or information is filed or after the complaint is filed where prosecution by complaint is required by \'a7 1.15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Arraignment shall be conducted in open court and shall consist of reading the indictment, information or complaint to the defendant or stating to him the substance of
 the charge and calling on him to plead thereto. The defendant shall be given a copy of the indictment, information or complaint before he is called upon to plead.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 8 GCA \'a7 60.10 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid14695908 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid14695908  Title 8 GCA \'a7 60.10 is modeled after California Penal Code section 976.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid14695908 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid14695908 
8 GCA \'a7 60.10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238  (2005).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Guam law does not indicate what arraignment procedure to follow in the case of an amended charge.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne argues that when a complaint is amended, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 regular and orderly procedure requires the defendant be re
arraigned and required to plead thereto before trial,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
 unless the defendant waives objection to the amendment and lack of plea. Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s Br. at 9 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Walker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 338 P.2d 536, 539 (Dist. Ct. App. 1959).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne supports his position by citing California case law interpreting section 1009 of the California Penal Code, which requires a plea to be made upon an amended information.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid2321393 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid2321393  Section 1009 of the California Penal Code states:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238\charrsid14421158 
An indictment, accusation or information may be amended by the dis
trict attorney, and an amended complaint may be filed by the prosecuting attorney, without leave of court at any time before the defendant pleads or a demurrer to the original pleading is sustained. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238 
. . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\cf1\insrsid1719238\charrsid5965294 The defendant shall be required to plead to such am
endment or amended pleading forthwith, or, at the time fixed for pleading, if the defendant has not yet pleaded and the trial or other proceeding shall continue as if the pleading had been originally filed as amended, unless the substantial rights of the 
defendant would be prejudiced thereby, in which event a reasonable postponement, not longer than the ends of justice require, may be granted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238\charrsid14421158  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\cf1\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238\charrsid14421158 An indictment or accusation cannot be amended so as to change the offense charged, nor an information so as to cha
rge an offense not shown by the evidence taken at the preliminary examination.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238 Cal. Penal Code \'a7 1009 (West 2012) (emphasis added).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 at 9-10; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Walker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 338 P.2d 536 (Cal. Ct. App. 1959).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 However, this provision is not reflected in the Guam Code.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid4197847 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid4197847 
 It should be noted that section 1009 of the California Penal Code was enacted at the time that Guam adopted section 976 of the California Penal Code, reflecting a deliberate effort on the part of lawmakers to exclude the former.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1719238 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238 Cal. Penal Code \'a7 1009; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid14695908 8 GCA \'a7 60.10}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\cf1\insrsid1719238 Cal. Penal Code \'a7 976 (West 2012) (repealed 2005).}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Moreover, the requirement that a defendant be arraigned on an amended information and submit a plea is not a strict one.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab 
Under Rule 10 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, arraignment is not necessary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 when the defendant knows what he is accused of and is able to adequately defend himself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 United States v. Hart}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
, 457 F.2d 1087, 1089 (10th Cir. 1972) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Garland v. Washington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 232 U.S. 642 (1914)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs17\f0\super\insrsid1719238\charrsid6846657 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid6846657  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 Title 8 GCA \'a7 60.10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid6846657 is similar to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 10:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid8258415 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid10315081 In General.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid8258415  An arraignment must be conducted in open court and must consist of:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid8258415 
(1) ensuring that the defendant has a copy of the indictment or information;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid8258415 (2) reading the indictment or information to the defendant or stating to the defendant the substance of the charge; and then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238\charrsid8258415 (3) asking the defendant to plead to the indictment or information.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1719238 Fed. R. Crim. P. 10.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Recognizing this
 principle, the California Supreme Court held that failure to be rearraigned where a defendant should have been rearraigned is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 at most, a mere irregularity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 In re Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 56 Cal. 2d 667, 670 (1961).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  court explained:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The purpose of an arrai
gnment or a rearraignment is to inform the accused of the charge against him and to give him fairly the opportunity to plead to it. If the defendant pleads to the basic charge, and a {\*\bkmkstart citeas((Cite_as:_56_Cal.2d_667,_*670,_36}
{\*\bkmkstart sp_227_283}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_283}{\*\bkmkend citeas((Cite_as:_56_Cal.2d_667,_*670,_36}{\*\bkmkend sp_227_283}{\*\bkmkend SDU_283}trial is had on it, the purpose of an arraignment has been served.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Where an information is amended, failure to rearraign and require a defendant to plea to the amended pleading is not prejudicial unless substantial rights of a defendant are prejudiced.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 People v. Lomboy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 116 Cal. App. 3d 67, 71 (Ct. App. 1981); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 8 GCA \'a7 55.20.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Other jurisdictions that require rearraignment upon an amended information will waive the requirement if the amendment is merely one of form.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  State v. Sor-Lokken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 805 P.2d 1367, 1371 (Mont. 1991); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 State }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Hurd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 105 P.2d 59 (Wash. 1940).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The Washington Supreme Court stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 It is well settled that a s
ubstantial amendment of an information requires that the accused be arraigned on the amended information. . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Where, however, the amendment is merely one of form, and not of substance, no rearraignment is necessary. . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Whether or not appellant was entitled to rearraignment thus depends upon whether the amendment was one of form or one of substance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Hurd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 105 P.2d at 61 (internal citations omitted).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 The Montana Supreme Court has explained that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 an amendment is one of form
 and not substance when the same crimes are charged, the elements of the crimes remain the same, the required proof remains the same, and the defendant is informed of the charges against him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Sor-Lokken}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 805 P.2d at 1371.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [18]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab 
Riocne was not rearraigned because the trial court found that he was not charged with an additional or different offense.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Riocne should have been rearraigned, as required under 8 GCA \'a7 60.10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 However, under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Mitchell}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  test, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s failure to rearraign Riocne is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 a mere irregularity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  since Riocne had already been informed of the disorderly conduct charge against him and had already pled to the basic charge of disorderly conduct.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 In re Mitchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 , 56 Cal. 2d at 670. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Thus, the purpose of arraignment was fulfilled because Riocne was previously informed of the charge and pled not guilty.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
Moreover, Riocne was able to adequately defend himself against the amended charge at trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Having established that Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s substantial rights were not prejudiced by the amendment, it follows that his rights were not prejudiced by the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s failure to rearraign him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Thus, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s failure to rearraign the defendant was not reversible error.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid612269\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 V.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid612269\charrsid4876319 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1719238 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 \tab There was no error in the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s granting of the motion to amend the complaint because no additional or separate offense was charged.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Additionally, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 
s approval of the amended complaint and its decision to not rearraign Riocne did not prejudice his substantial rights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Last
ly, failure to rearraign Riocne was not reversible error because he was fully apprised of the charge of disorderly conduct at the time he was arraigned prior to commencement of trial and was able to adequately defend himself against the amended charge.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319  Riocne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1719238\charrsid4876319 s conviction.
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