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G.C. Corporation / Guam Resorts, Inc. v. G.C. Corporation, CVA10-020}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\doccomm Filed Sept. 14, 2012}{\operator raikatalau_l} {\creatim\yr2012\mo9\dy18\hr15\min6}{\revtim\yr2012\mo9\dy19\hr8\min21}{\printim\yr2012\mo8\dy29\hr14\min56}{\version5}{\edmins5}{\nofpages15}{\nofwords7597}{\nofchars37981}{\*\manager Judiciary of Guam}{\*\company Government of Guam}{\nofcharsws45488} {\vern32859}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/word/2003/wordml}}\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1008\gutter0\ltrsect \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\trackmoves0\trackformatting1\donotembedsysfont1\relyonvml0\donotembedlingdata0\grfdocevents0\validatexml1\showplaceholdtext0\ignoremixedcontent0\saveinvalidxml0\showxmlerrors1\noxlattoyen \expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1 \jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot8520097\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit\utinl \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 2450}\ilfomacatclnup0{\*\ftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid417055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767249 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid417055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767249 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid417055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767249 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid417055 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2767249 \chftnsepc \par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid12875108\sftnbj {\headerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar \tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4330035 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14879302 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 uam Resorts, Inc. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 v. 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Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 2012 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid5574697 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , Opinion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid417818\charrsid15299143 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Page } {\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\insrsid417818\charrsid15299143 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11173361 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 15}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\insrsid417818\charrsid15299143 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\insrsid417818\charrsid15299143 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid11173361 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 15}}}\sectd \ltrsect \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\fs20\insrsid417818\charrsid15299143 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5117221 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\insrsid417818\charrsid6951238 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GUAM RESORTS, INC., \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Plaintiff-Appellee, \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 v. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 G.C. CORPORATION and DONG YANG CORPORATION, \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6969627\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Defendants-Appellants. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Supreme Court Case No. CVA10-020 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Superior Court Case Nos. CV1491-07 and CV0137-08}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 OPINION \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822526\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Filed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822526\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 September 14, 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822526\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Cite as: 2012 Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5574697\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Argued and submitted on May 31, 2011 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a, Guam \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8520097\charrsid14619008 \par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5574697\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0 \tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5058\clshdrawnil \cellx4950\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4518\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 James L. Canto\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Briefed) \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Thomas Fisher\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Argued) \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Fisher & Associates \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 167 E Marine Corps Dr. \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 De La Corte Bldg., Ste. 101 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 96910\cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322411\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322411\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Corporation: \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Joyce Tang\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Briefed) \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Leslie Travis\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Esq.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Briefed and Argued)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Civille & Tang, PLLC \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 330 Hernan Cortez Ave., Ste. 200 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Hag\'e5\loch\f0 \hich\f0 t\'f1\loch\f0 a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13773233\charrsid14619008 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid5574697\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5058\clshdrawnil \cellx4950\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4518\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 BEFORE\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 : F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; and KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice. \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 TORRES, J.: \par \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116362\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Defendant-Appellant G.C. Corporation (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) appeals from a decision of the trial court invalidating GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien and granting summary judgment for Plaintiff-Appellee Guam Resorts, Inc. (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789537\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 statute expressly provides that}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a claimant forfeits his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789537\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mechanic lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 if such person willfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789537\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 includes in the claim of lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work not performed up\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on, or materials not furnished for, the property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5789537\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 described in its claim of lien}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The trial court held that GC forfeited its mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien claim by willfully including amounts for work and materials not performed upon or not furnished for the Okura Hotel \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 We agree with the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is not required in order for a claimant to forfeit the lien if the claimant willfully includes in the claim of lien work not performed or materials not furnished for the property d\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 escribed in the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Nevertheless, the trial court erred in forfeiting GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien and granting GRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s motion for summary judgment, as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14879302\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the issue of whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14879302\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 acted willfully is a question of fact to be decided by a jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Accordingly, we affirm in part, r\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 everse in part, and remand for a jury tri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 al on the issue \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of willfulness.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1008053 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 I.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Factual and Procedural Background}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116362\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116362\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC signed a construction agreement with GRI to serve as general contractor for the renovation and expansion of the Aurora Resorts Hotel form \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 erly known as the Guam Okura Hotel (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Project}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) which was owned by GRI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9118594\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 subcontracted with others to provide labor or materials or both for the Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Six months later, a dispute arose, causing GRI to stop payments and to deny GC access to the Projec\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t site.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC advised GRI that it would suspend work until it was paid what was due under the construction agreement and the delay issues were resolved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI thereafter notified GC of its intent to terminate the construction agreement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14032092\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14032092\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that day, GC de \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 livered a pre-lien notice to GRI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC filed and recorded its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3493543\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien with the Department of Land Management two weeks later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4785026\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 turn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 filed a Complaint for Quiet Title against GC to invalidate GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC answered and counterclaimed, seeking foreclosure of its lien claim and made a demand for a jury trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In addition to the dispute between GRI and GC, a total of eleven cases arising out of the renovation and construction work for the Pro\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ject were eventually filed by various subcontractors or material suppliers, and were assigned to different judges.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The trial court consolidated the eleven cases and held a bench trial on the consolidated cases in CV1491-07 and CV137-08.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 One of the claims\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for relief in CV1491-07, seeking foreclosure of the mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien, was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction by the trial court but reversed and remanded by this court on appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Castino v. G.C. Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 2010 Guam 3.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116362\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116362\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Following the remand, GRI moved f\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or summary judgment arguing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien was invalid because\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 :\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) GC did not directly furnish labor and materials, (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) GC never completed its contract with GRI and ( \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) the lien was forfeited when GC willfully included claims for work not perfo\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rmed or materials not furnished for the Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994894\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Record on Appeal (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994894\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 RA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994894\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001915\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 338\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (GRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6358367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Not. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6358367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Mot. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6358367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Mot. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for Summ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5268319\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6358367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , July 7, 2010).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In its Decision granting summary judgment, the trial court held that 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192869\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1273050 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Title }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 pro\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 vides}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Any person who shall willfully include in his claim of lien filed for record pursuant to this Title, work not performed upon, or materials, appliances or power not f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 urnished for, the property described in such claim, shall thereby forfeit his lien.\loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was clear on its face and GC forfeited its lien since it willfully included work not performed upon and materials not furnished for the property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12875108\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 described in the lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In so holding, the court referred to \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 discrepancies between GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien claims and its subcontractors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien claims, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 testimony at trial }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 as well as admissions by GC that some of the materials }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 were delivered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to GRI after the mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien was filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The trial court also relied on evidence that G\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 C billed for undelivered or uninstalled materials, office supplies, truck repair, and work that was never completed for the Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4785026\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court did not rule on GRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4785026\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s other challenges to the validity of the lien\loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that GC did not directly furnish labor or mat\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 erials and that GC never completed its contract \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 because it found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4785026\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the Manda\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 tory Forfeiture is dispositive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 RA, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid994894\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 tab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001915\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 391\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6169435\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 5, 2010)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6169435\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC timely appealed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1008053 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 II.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Jurisdiction}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115715\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A trial court order invalidating a mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien is imm\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ediately appealable under 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 25102(e).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam Top Builders, Inc. v. Tanota Partners}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2006 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0 7 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 itle 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 25102(e) (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12875108\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 specifically allows an appeal in a civil action or proceeding to be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [f]rom an order discharging or refusing to discharge an attachment . . . . [A] mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien is analogous to an attachment, therefore an interlocutory appeal . . . is a matter of right provided for by law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1008053 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 III.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Standard of Review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115715\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 decision to grant a motion for summary judgment is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 de novo.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam Top Builders}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2006 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Summary judgment is only proper if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam R. Civ. P. 56(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In rendering a decision on a motion for summary judgment, the court must draw inferences and\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 view the evidence in a light most favorable to the non-moving party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam Top Builders}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2006 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0 8 (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bank of Guam v. Flores}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 25 \'b6\loch\f0 7).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Issues}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of statutory construction are reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 de novo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Guam Greyhound, Inc. v. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Brizill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10843175\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 2008 Gu\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 am \'b6\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1008053 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 IV.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Analysis}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Forfeiture of Lien under 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115715\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [6]}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115715\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The central dispute before us is whether the trial court erred in invalidating GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien for willfully including amounts for work not performed upon, and materials not furnished for, the Project in violation of 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid417055\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1273050 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Title }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j) was repealed by Public Law 29-119. However, pursuant to 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0 33112(c), \'93\loch\f0 [f]or al \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 l works of improvement that have been }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 prior to the effective date of [P.L. 29-119], the prior Guam Mechanics\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 Lien Law will continue to apply.\'94\loch\f0 7 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33112(c) (emphasis added). \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1273050 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC stopped its construction work for a continuous period of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 sixty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 days, thereby}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 satisfying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 one of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the requirements of section 33302(d)(3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 that is the equivalent to \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 completion.\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Castino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\f0 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . Because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 works of improvement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 completed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4355280 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and its mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 filed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4355280 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 prior to the effective \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 date of Public Law 29-119}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4355280 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 sections 33302 and 33401 of the prior Mechanics\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 Lien Law }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4355280 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 applicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4355280 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2692965\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2692965\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13525277\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2692965\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2005).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC contends that in determining legislative intent, a statute should be read as a whole and section 33302(j) should be construe\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d in conjunction with section 33401.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC argues that under Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien laws, forfeiture should occur only when errors were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 made willfully with the intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1273050 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 GC submits that \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 willfully with the intent to defraud\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is the proper stand\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ard for evaluating whether one forfeits a lien for mistak}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 es or errors in a claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s Br. at 12. However, the phrase \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 willfully with the intent to defraud\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is only found}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33104(a), as part of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the current Mechanic\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Lien Law, whi\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ch is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not applicable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 here}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A separate section of the applicable prior Mechanics\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ien Law, 7 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 does, however, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provide that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 [n]o }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mistake or errors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 shall invalidate the lien . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 unless }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the court finds that such mistake or error . . . was }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 made with the intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'94 \loch\f0 7 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and there was no evidence presented showing fraud on GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s part in order to invalidate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12875108\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12875108\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12875108\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Br. at 12 (Feb. 14, 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Essential to GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10564426\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rgument is the presumption that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 including work no\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t performed or materials not furnished for a property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8849577\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 vered by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15089015\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 also amounts to a section 33401 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mistake or erro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10050677\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 r[]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in the statement of demand.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10050677\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 7 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 33401 (2005).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 As GC asserts, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [t]he Mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Lien Law read as a whole does not automatica \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lly invalidate liens that contain mistakes or errors of calculations or statements of amounts due.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Rather, forfeiture only occurs where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 errors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 are made willfully with the intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14886444\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Br. at 12 (emphasis added).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI counters that the additional requirement of fraud is found nowhere in 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j), but even if fraud }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 required, the lien should still be forfeited because GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s false statements were made intentionally and in bad faith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appellee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Br. at 4-7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid197582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ( \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Mar. 13, 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1653291 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid1653291\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173361\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1653291\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Statutory Interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1653291 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173361\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13115715\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [7]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Statutory interpretation always begins with the language of the statute.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Aguon v. Gutierrez}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6\loch\f0 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In cases involving statutory construction, the plain language of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 statute must be the startin\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 g point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bank of Guam v. Guam Banking Bd.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2003 Guam 9 \'b6\loch\f0 19.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 When the plain reading of a statute is }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 clear on its face}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and yields to an unambiguous definition, we will not look past that plain reading.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Castino}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6\loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'b6\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 29\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 30\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A plain reading \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 construction is appropriate where the statute lays out specific requirements and indicates exactly what is necessary for compliance without ambiguous terms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 if the text of the statute is ambiguous or results in absurd or unworkable consequence\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 fair and reasonable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 construction is applied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15867609\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'b6\loch\f0 58}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4862993\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (internal quotation marks omitted)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 Manvil Corp. v. E.C. Gozum & Co., Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 1998 Guam 20 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'b6\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4200972\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 We adopt a fair }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 and reasonable construction and application of our mechanics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 lien statutes to the facts in each particular case, so as to afford materialmen and laborers the security intended by the legislation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 s remedial purpose. Where the statutes are clear on their face, however, we will not read further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1273050\charrsid14619008 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 When examining the\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s language, the court must consider whether the language is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 plain and unambiguous,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 which is determined by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 reference to the language itself, the specific context in which that language is used, and the broader context of the statute as a whole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371009\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Aguon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1120449\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1120449\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2002 Guam 14 \'b6\loch\f0 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Robinson v. Shell Oil Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309248\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 519 U.S. 337, 34}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15867609\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 0 (1997)); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Macris v. Guam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2254400\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Me\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2254400\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 l }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Hosp. Auth.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 2008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Guam 6 \'b6\loch\f0 19 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 (quoting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Aguon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 2002 Guam 14 \'b6\loch\f0 9)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (stating that a statute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 must be examined within its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 context}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 includes looking at other provisions of the same statute and other related statutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2259485 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 We begin our analysis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11545470\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 by examining the relevant statutory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15748443\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 language.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Section 33302(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 addresses the requirements of an enforceable claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 stating that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [e]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 v \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ery original contractor . . . and every person, other than an original contractor . . . may file for record with the Department of Land Management . . . a claim of lien as provided in subdivision (i) of this section.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371009\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15667979\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Subdivision (i) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6767866\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 requires that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a claim of lien be verified and include}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4266023\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (1) a statement of demand after deducting all just credits and offsets; (2) the name of the owner or reputed owner, if known; (3) a general statement of the kind of\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work done or materials furnished; (4) the name of the person by whom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid545104\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claimant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was employed or to whom }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid545104\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the claimant }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 furnished the materials; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7560764\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (5) a description of the property sought to be charged with the lien sufficient for identification}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid545104\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 302(i)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371009\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Subdivision (j) of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid545104\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302 expressly states that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [a]ny person who shall willfully include in his claim of lien . . . work not performed upon, or materials\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , appliances or power not furnished for, the property described in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim, s\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 hall thereby forfeit \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 j).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11545470\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 However, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 33401 states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 No mistake or errors in the statement of demand,\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or of the amount of credits and offsets allowed or of the balance asserted to be due to claimant, or in the description of\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the property against which the claim is filed, shall invalidate the lien, unless the court finds that such mistake or error in the statement of the demand, credits and offsets, or of the balance due, was made with the intent to defraud, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the court shall\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 find \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 an innocent third party, without notice, direct or constructive, has, since the claim was\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 filed\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , become the bona fide owner of the property \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 liened upon, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and that the notice of claim was so deficient that it did not put such party \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 up \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on further inquiry\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in any manner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9135933 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11545470\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11545470\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16330361 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10557406\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he plain language of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13243323\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33401 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10557406\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 grants relief in situations where errors or mistakes might otherwise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 produce }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10557406\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 harsh results}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16322098\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 L\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 .A.\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bd. of Adjusters v. Bailes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 116 Cal. App. 316}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9317588\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 318 (1931) (holding that the true purpose of California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9317588\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s identical forfeiture statute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458707\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is to relieve a lien claimant from the consequences of forfeiture for mistakes or errors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9317588\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332550\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13332550\charrsid14619008 Diamond Match Co. v. Sanitary Fruit Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13332550\charrsid14619008 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 70 Cal. App. 695, 701(1925) (statin g that the forfeiture lien was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 adopted to prevent a denial of the benefits of a lien duly filed merely because of immaterial or unsubstantial mistakes or errors in the taking of the steps prescribed or doing the things required to perfect a lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12260832\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458707\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10557406\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 owev\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 er, this statute provides specifically for relief in only two of the five requirements regarding the contents of a claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13458707\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa60\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12260832 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The two claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 categories where mistakes or errors will not invalidate the lien if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not made with intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ar\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 errors or mistakes in (1) the statement of demand, or of the amount of credits and offsets allowed, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of the balance asse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rted to be due to the claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in the description of the property a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 gainst which the claim is filed. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid16084367 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7 \loch\f0 33302(i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid16084367 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11545470 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs27\fs16\insrsid417818 \chatn }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10557406\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Courts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 have generally refused to grant relief for mistakes other than those in the two categories.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Norton v. Bedell Eng}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 g\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Co.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 88 Cal. App. 777, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 783 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (3d Dist. 1928)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (stating that the statute was designed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to relieve one from the unimportant errors occurring with respect to an effort to specify the exact balance due to the claimant, or the amount of credits to be allowed, or inaccuracy in the description of the property sought to be charged with the lien}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ) \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Diamond Match Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 70 Cal. App. at 700}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (stating that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 within the mistakes or errors enumerated [by the statute] which will not be treated as having the effect of invalidating a claim of lien is not included a mistake or error in stating the name of t\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he owner or the reputed owner of the property to which it is intended that a lien shall attach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606395\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ection 33302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6885173\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on the other hand, relates to the third requirement set forth in a claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3476818\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282662\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7895307\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the statement of the w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751145\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ork done or materials furni\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 shed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7358209\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7358209\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7358209\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33302(j), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7358209\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Furthermore, the language of sections 33302(j) and 33401 impose different state of mind\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In order to forfeit a lien under section 33302(j), \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a claimant\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 include in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim of lien work \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not performed \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or materials \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 furnish\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1062973\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Instead of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfulness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135950\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 33401}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1062973\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 invalidates a lien when the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mistake or error in the statement of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3476818\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 demand,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 credits and offsets, or of the balance due, was made with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 tent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6885173\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 33401.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135950\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Although t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he terms }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646360\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 generally recognized as s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 eparate}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646360\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 legal state of mind }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standards, these terms are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not specifically defined in Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien statutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 When a statute does \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 no \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t define a term, it is appropriate for the reviewing court to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 start with the assumption that the legislative purpose is expressed by the ordinary meaning of the words used.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Russello v. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 464 U.S. 16, 21 (1983) (internal quotation marks omit\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ted) ( \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 quoting\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Richards v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 369 U.S. 1, 9 (1962)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Black}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Law Dictionary defines }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 voluntary and intentional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Black}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Law Dictionary\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2757200\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1737 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (9th ed. 2009); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also McLaughlin v. Richard Shoe Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 486 U.S. 128, 133 (1998) (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 stating that the word willful }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is generally understood to refer to conduct that is not merely negligent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Decisions defining }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for the purpose of mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien statutes commonly include }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 knowingly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intentionally.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Gibbs v. Hanc \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 hette}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 51 N.W. 691, 692 (Mich. 1892) (internal quotation marks omitted) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 A person knowingly and willfully claims more than his due only when he claims something which he knows not to be due, and not when he claims what he honestly, though mistakenly, beli\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 eves to be due him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Uthoff v. Gerhard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 42 Mo. App. 256, 257 (1890) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 We do not intend to . . . intimate that [the lien claimants] intended to cheat anybody.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 It is sufficient for us to see . . . that they included . . . this large amount . . . not as th\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e result of inadvertence or mistake, but knowing that it was not due . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 By contrast, intent to defraud generally means }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 acting willfully and with specific intent to deceive or cheat, usually for the purpose of getting financial gain for on\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s self or causing financial loss to another.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 United States v. Moede}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 48 F.3d 238, 241 (7th Cir. 1995); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Harrington v. Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t of Real Estate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 263 Cal. Rptr. 528, 531-32 (Ct. App. 1989) (defining intent to defraud as }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to deceive}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for the purpose \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of gaining material advantage and to accomplish that purpose by false statement or representation or by other deceptive act); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 United States v. Lewis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 67 F.3d 225, 233 (9th Cir.\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1995) (in the context of bank fraud); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Shipe v. Mason}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 500 F. Supp. 243, 244-45\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (E.D. Tenn. 1978) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 aff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 633 F.2d 218 (6th Cir. 1980) (in the context of odometer law).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2189879 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [13]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 It is clear that willful neither means nor implies intent to defraud and courts, in various contexts, have agreed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 United States v. Ellis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 739 F.2d 12\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 50, 1251-53 (7th Cir. 1984) (stating that civil liability for knowingly or willfully violating the Odometer Act does not serve as proof of fraudulent intent); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Pickering v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 691 F.2d 853, 855 (8th Cir. 1982) (assessing civil penalties for will\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 fully understating corporation tax liability does not require int\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ent to defraud or evil motive); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Mortenson v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 910 F. Supp. 1325, 1331 (N.D. Ill. 1995) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Willfulness does not require a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 specific fraudulent intent or evil motive;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rather, an i\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ndividual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 fails to turn over withheld taxes to the government if he permits the disbursal of funds to other creditors when he is aware that the employer has not paid withholding \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 taxes owed to the government.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Claim of Forbes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 181 A.D.2d\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 956, 956 (N.Y. App. Div. 1992) (finding that forfeiture for willfully making false statements in unemployment benefit forms does not require criminal intent to defraud); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 State v. Kennedy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 277 N.W.2d 590, 591 (S.D. 1979) (holding that conviction for falsel\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 y obtaining aid to dependent children program }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 by means of a willfully false statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 does not require specific intent to defraud).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Accordingly, the two provisions provide for different standards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [14]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Even though the language of sections\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33401\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3330 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 2(j)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 appears plain and unambiguous, GC argues that the Mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Lien Law should be read as a whole, and that \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 including work not performed or materials not furnished fo \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 r a property covered by 33302(j)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 also amounts to a section 33401 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mistake or err\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 o[r] in\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the statement of demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; in such cases, intent to defraud is required.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 It is well \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 settled that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a statute should be read as a whole,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and accordingly, each section should be construed in conjunction with other parts or sections to produce a harmonious w\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 hole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Amerault v. Intelcom Support Servs.\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 23 \'b6\loch\f0 14 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (internal quotation marks omitted)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also Sumi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6303671\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mo Constr., Co. v. Gov}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t of Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2001 Guam 23 \'b6\loch\f0 17 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 quoting \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Kelly v. Robinson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 479 U.S. 36, 43 (1986)) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In expounding a statute, we mus\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t not be guided by a single sentence or member of a sentence, but look to the provisions of the whole law, and to its object and policy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11144276 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 [15]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12926046\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 We are, however, unconvinced that knowingly, intentionally, and willfully including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13646360\charrsid14619008 in a claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2122454\charrsid14619008 work }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 that the claimant knew it did not perform or materials }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2501576\charrsid14619008 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 it did not furnish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 is equivalent to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 mistake or error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10440682\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11751145\charrsid14619008 in the statement of demand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9654535\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 If GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 s interpretation were correct\emdash that the actions proscribed in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6303671\charrsid14619008 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 33302(j) amount to a section 33401 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 mistake or error}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 \emdash then section 33302(j) would be virtually meaningless and useless.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 As a rule of statutory construction, a statute should be construed in such a way that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11144276\charrsid14619008 no clause, sentence, or word shall be superfluous, void, or insignificant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 Duncan v. Walker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 , 533 U.S. 167, 174 (2001) (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 Wash.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 Market Co. v. Hoffman}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 , 101 U.S. 112, 115 (1879)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15667979 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10757531\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Moreover, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 f the legislature intended to prescribe a heightened }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standard for forfeiture }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440682\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of a l \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7287329\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 under section 33302(j), it could have done so explicitly, as it did }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in section 33401.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 It is well\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [w]here [the legislature] includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same [statute], it \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is generally presumed that [the legislature] acts intentionally and purposely in the disparate inclusion or exclusion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bates v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 522 U.S. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 23, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 29-30\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (1997) (internal quotation marks omitted)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 quoting \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Russello v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 464 U.S. 16, 2\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3 (1983)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bates }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 United States Supreme \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Court contrasted the language of 20 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 U.S.C.\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 \hich\f0 1097(a) against \'a7\loch\f0 1097(d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s express }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 element, stating that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'a7\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1097(a) never contained . . . an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 requirement, a requirement pr \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 esent from the start and still contained in \'a7\loch\f0 1097(d).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The text of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 20 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0 1097(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Any person who knowingly and willfully embezzles, misapplies, steals, or obtains by fraud, false statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , or forgery}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , or fails to refund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 any\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 funds, assets, or property provided or insured under this subchapter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 shall be fined not more than $}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 0,000 or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 20 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0 1097(a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2012)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . By contrast, the text of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \'a7\loch\f0 1097(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d) provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 Any perso\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 n who knowingly and willfully destro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or concea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ls}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 any record relating to the provision of assistance under . . . Title 42 . . . with intent to defraud the United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 .\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 20 U.S.C. \'a7\loch\f0 1097(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2012)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 3\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In re\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Claim of Marinelli}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 195 A.D.2d 741, 741 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 N.Y. App. Div. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1993) (internal quotation \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 marks \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 omitted) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The term willful as used in Labor Law \'a7\loch\f0 594 does not imply a criminal intent to defraud but means knowingly, intentionally or deliberately making a false statement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606395 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173361\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 s Interpretation of I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12323681\charrsid14619008 ts Forfeiture Statutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12323681 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173361\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [17]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Notwithstanding the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440682\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 p}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10440682\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , unambiguous and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 contrasting language of sections 33302(j) and 33401, GC }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10757531\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 still }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 urges that an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 state of mind is a required, albeit inexplicit, element }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2768412\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 forfeiture }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2768412\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of a lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 under section 33302(j).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Br. at 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 To}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470615\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 further}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 bolster its argument, GC asserts that because Guam adopted its mechanics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien statutes from California, California case law interpreting those mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien statutes should\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 be persuasive authority and a string of California decisions have imported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 as an element to its identical mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15430724\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15099888\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s15\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Sections }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302(j) and 33401}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mirror }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 each other }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 derived from sections 1193.1(k) and\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1196.1 of the California Code of Civil Procedure, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and their predecessors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 sections 1202 and 1203 of the California Civil Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9773976\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 13-15.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 At first blush, it may appear that some California decisions have conflated section 1193.1(k) with section 1196\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 .1 by requiring intent to defraud in both sections.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 Distefano v. Hall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 , 32 Cal. Rptr. 770 (Ct. App. 1963); }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 B. & J. Const\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . Co. v. Spacious Homes, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 22 Cal. Rptr. 41\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1962) \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Henley v. Pac. Fruit Cooling & Vaporizing Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 127 P. 800 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Cal. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1912).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149664\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a closer examination of these cases reveals that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343983\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2501576\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 where an intent to defraud standard was required}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid343983\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 did not involve a claimant willfully including work not performed or materials not furnished for a property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Rather, the fact\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s of these cases involved errors or mistakes in the two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322739\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 categories of a claim of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2064012\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lien where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322739\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 errors or mistakes might otherwise be productive of harsh results}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2064012\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and statutory relief is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2501576\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provided.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2064012\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The circumstances}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2501576\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 involved thus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2064012\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 trigger}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2064012\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16005428\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1196.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16005428\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not 1\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 193.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11033699\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (k)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16005428\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 explaining why an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standard }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11277646\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 applied in each instance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid682544 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 8}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 One of the first California Supreme Court cases which actually addressed the willful inclusion of work not performed or materials not furnished is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Schallert-Ganahl Lumber Co. v. Neal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2060754\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 91 Cal. 362, 365 (1891).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Schallert-Ganahl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15348415\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 defendants moved for a judgment of nonsuit against one of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 plaintiff claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15348415\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15348415\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 alleging that it appeared from the evidence that the claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully and knowingly \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 filed a notice of lien for more than it was entitled to as prohibited by section 1202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11033699\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4344639\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Section 1202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the predecessor to section 1193.1(k) of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 California Code of Procedure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14879302 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Any person who shall willfully give a false notice of his claim to t\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he owner under the provisions of section 1184 shall forfeit his lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Any person who shall willfully include in his claim, filed under section 1187, work or materials not performed upon or furnished for the property described in the claim, shall for\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 feit his lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4200972 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid14879302 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7\loch\f0 1202.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 recognized \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section of the statute provides that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claimant shall forfeit his lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in toto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for a violation of its provisions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 must be strictly construed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 365.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the evidence under which it is invoked should be clear and convincing that the violation was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intentional}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (emphasis added).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court held that the grounds on which the motion for nonsuit advanced were not the grounds specified in sectio\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 n 1202, and there was no proof that the claimant \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully include \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim materials not furnished for the property described in the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 365-66.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Interestingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Schallert-Ganahl}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 only required a showing of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful and intentional,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rathe\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 r than \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 state of mind \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in discussing when \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a lien is forfeited under section 1202.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10619788 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 19]} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 I\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 n } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Henley v. Pac\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ific\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Fruit Cooling & Vaporizing Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , the defendant\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claimed that the evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 show[ed] on its face a violation of \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 1187}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The court mistakenly stated that section 1187, not section 1202, \'93\loch\f0 declares that \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 person who shall willfully include in his claim, filed under section 1187, work or materials not performed upon or furnished for the property described in the claim, shall\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 forfeit his lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 .\loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \rquote \'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9249925 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Henley v. Pac. Fruit Cooling & Vaporizing Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 127 P. 800, 801-02 (Cal. Ct. App. 1912). However, the actual language of 1187 is: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14879302 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 Every original contractor, within sixty days after the completion of his contract, and every person, sa ve the original contractor, claiming the benefit of this chapter, must, within thirty days after the completion of any building, improvement, or structure, or after the completion of the alteration or repair thereof, or the performance of any labor in a m i ning claim, file for record with the County Recorder of the county in which such property, or some part thereof, is situated, a claim containing a statement of his demand, after deducting all just credits and offsets, with the name of the owner or reputed owner, if known, and also the name of the person by whom he was employed or to whom he furnished the materials, with a statement of the terms, time given, and conditions of his contract, and also a description of the property to be charged with the lien, sufficient for identification, which claim must be verified by oath of himself or of some other person}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\dbch\af0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid14879302 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\dbch\af0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid14879302 \par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 \loch\f0 1187.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s Code of Civil Procedure, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 which declares that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 any person who shall willfully include in his claim, filed under \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 1187, work or materials\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 not performed upon or furnished for the property described in the claim, shall forfeit his lien.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13269613\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 127 P. 800\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 801-02 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Cal. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1912)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In denying the defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 motion to strike the claim of lien upon the ground that\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the claim was fatally defective, the trial judge stated: }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 My conviction is that the plaintiff has not willfully attempted to assert a lien for something he did not believe he was entitled to . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 802.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The appellate court affirmed the trial co\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 urt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s decision not to strike plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s claim of lien from the records even though the trial court had later disallowed portions of the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 801.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The California Court of Appeal, relying on \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Schallert-Ganahl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , recognized that section \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1202 was penal in its character and not only\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 must be strictly construed, but the evidence under which it is invoked should be \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 clear and convincing \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 showing \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that the violation was willful and intentional.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 802.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 They determined that the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s conclusion that the plaintiff did not willfully attempt to assert a lien for something he was not entitled to was not unwarranted.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Interestingly, while the defendant primarily relied on section 1187, the court of appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 sua sponte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 also separately d \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 iscussed the potential application of section 1203, the predecessor to section 1196.1, and found that when the motion for nonsuit was made, there was no evidence of fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Therefore }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the lien [could not] be defeated merely because it turns out on the\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 trial that the claim as filed was for too much.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447692\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14697759 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 20}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In a case decided the same day as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Henley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , the Court of Appeal for the Third District of California in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Blanck v. Commonwealth Amusement Corp.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , rejected the defendants contentions that the claims o\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 f liens filed were void because of the alleged willful and fraudulent inclusion of materials not actually used in t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he building under construction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 127 P. 805, 807 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (Cal. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1912).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court mentioned that the materials were delivered and actually us\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed in the construction and upheld the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s finding that in each instance, the mistakes and errors of the several claims of lien were unintentional and free from fraud.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Accordingly, under section 1203a, the mistake or error in the statement o\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 f the claim of lien will not invalidate it unless the court finds the mistake or error was made with intent to defraud. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3698389\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Section 1202 was again analyzed \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Shumway v. Woolwine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 wherein \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a claimant \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 erroneously included the cost of uncompleted work \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in hi\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien,\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 but made no claim for the amount at trial.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar \s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Less precision is required in the lien claim than in the allegations of a complaint.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid417818\charrsid9249925 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Jarvis v. Frey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 175 Cal. 687, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 689 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (1917)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The discrepancy between a complaint correctl\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 y alleging a fact and a claim of lien that mistakenly or erroneously makes a statem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ent with no intent to defraud is not a fatal variance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9249925 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See, e.g.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 McGaw v. Master Craft Homes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 233 P.2d 185 (}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Cal. Ct. App. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1951).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GC\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 complaint continued to seek recovery\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for materials not furnished or work not performed on the property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . Appellant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Br. at 22.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }}} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 257 P. 898, 900 (Cal. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1927).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court saw no error in the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s finding that the claim was made inadvertently and the filing of the lien inad\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 vertently including this amount did not invalidate the lien as there was no evidence that this amount was willfully included.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ourt expressly stated that under section 1202, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a lien is not forfeited unless a person shall willfully include in his \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim . . . \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or materials not performed or furnished for the property described in the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13383847\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 used the \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfulness standard and did not \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 even discuss a requirement of intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 2}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 I\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 n }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 B. & J. Const\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ruction\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Co. v\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . Spacious Homes, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 the plaintiff appealed from a judgment which awarded partial recovery against the contractor but extinguished its mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 s lien based on the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 s finding, sitting without a jury, that plaintiff willfully failed to give pr oper credits or that it willfully charged too high a price.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 22 Cal. Rptr. 41\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 42\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Ct. \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 App. 1962).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 On appeal, the appellate court observed that it was inexplicable how the trial court calculated the reasonable value, or which of the two forfeiture statutes, sections 1193.1(k) or 1196.1, the trial court applied to forfeit plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 s lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 at 43-44.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 After referring to the language of sections 1193.1(k) and 1196.1, the court mistakenly cites }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Henley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 for the proposition that section 1193.1(k), which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 sets apart two kinds of false claims,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 is applicable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 only where there is an actual intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Other errors, such as demanding an excessive price, or failing to give credit for all payments made on account, are not mentioned in section 1193.1, subdivision (k).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 at 44 (internal citation omitted).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Nevertheless, the court went on to state that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 the fact that a lien claimant willfully charges more than the court finds the services are worth does not necessarily indicate fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Harmon v. San Francisco & S. R. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 , 25 P. 124 (Cal. 1890); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Schallert-Ganahl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 , 91 Cal. at 362; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Snell v. Payne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 , 115 Cal. 218, 222 (1896)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Moreover, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 the fact that one willfully fails to give a credit which the court ultimately decides should have been given does not invalidate the lien, absent a finding of intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Cal. Portland Cement Co. v. Wentworth Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 , 118 P. 103, 113 (Cal. Ct. App. 1911)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Thus, when discussing fraud, the court was reviewing mistakes or errors in the statement of demand, or in the amount of credits and offsets allowed or of the balance asserted to be due, and not whether the claimant willfully included in its claim of lien, labor or equipment not furnished for the property on which the plaintiff sought to enforce the lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 While it may appear from the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 s reference to section 1193.1(k) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Henley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 that the court believed section 1193.1(k) contained a fraud element, the court later explained that the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 made no finding that plaintiff intended to defraud }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 that its }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 claim of lien contained amounts which plaintiff knew were not due}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 thereby suggesting that it believed there was a distinction between the two different statutes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11075674\charrsid14619008 (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8077851\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8077851 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273343\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13855510\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 then analyzed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273343\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273343\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s three theories upon which it relied to argue that p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 laintiff had forfeited his lien:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273343\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16473150\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid273343\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that plaintiff had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully included work h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e did not perform on a property;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16473150\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that he failed to giv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e due credits; and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16473150\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that he deman\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ded an excessive amount of money.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Based on these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13855510\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 theories}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 alone, it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 clear}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16473150\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1193.1(k) applies to the first theory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 while}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16473150\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1196.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 applies to the latter two.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910246\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910246\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 45.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s analysis of the first theory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996365\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15665089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that plaintiff willfu\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lly included work and materials he did not furnish on one partic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ular tract}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996365\charrsid14619008 \loch\af0\dbch\af39\hich\f0 \emdash }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the court found }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that the plaintiff was unaware that he was working on two separate properties as there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was no physical boundary between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1920453\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 two }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13855510\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 properties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910246\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 As such, the plaint\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 iff was entitled to a lien on the entire tract until he had been paid for all the work of improvement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910246\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552427\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Although }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477411\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the property owner tendered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5513982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a check }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552427\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 containing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5513982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a partial release for work done}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid996365\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5513982\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 one of the two properties}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5513982\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10552427\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the plaintiff claimed a lien \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on both tracts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1910246\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The court acknowledged that the plaintiff was wrong in claiming a lien on both tracts in the recorded notice, but held that the evidence did not support the finding that plaintiff included claims for labor and equipment not furnished \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 on the tract not covered by the partial release.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Significant in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 its\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 analysis, the court did not suggest that a finding of fraud was necessary under this theory.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 This is in stark contrast to the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 analysis of the second theory\hich\f0 \emdash \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that plaintiff failed to g \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ive a credit to the amount due\hich\f0 \emdash \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 where the court stated that the trial court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 did not find any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 unless fraud is a necessary consequence of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 failure of one payee to give credit for the full face amount of \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a joint check.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 As for the third theory\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that plaintiff demande}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d an excessive amount of money\hich\f0 \emdash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13510723\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 considered whether the excessi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11682914\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ve amount was due to allegation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that plaintiff had willfully included work }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 did not actually perf\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 orm or if the rates charged by the plaintiff were unreasonable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 46.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In rejecting the former theory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11682914\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 it is notable that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 court made no mention of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198145\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198145\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 46-47.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 By contrast, in discussing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11682914\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the la}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 tter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 theory, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820830\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 remark\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198145\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 several }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5259465\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 occasions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that the defendant failed to show that the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820830\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of charging an excessive amount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was fraudulent.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709218\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 We note that the court mentioned fraud several times in its analysis on whether the plaintiff had overcharged. Particul\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 arly the court stated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 Britton testified that the rates charged by plaintiff were unreasonable and were above the rates which plai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid937960 ntiff had quoted before the work began. He also testified that the machines were idle a large amount of the time for which plaintiff charged. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid926549 . . . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid4600133 Our understanding of defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid4600133 theory of collusive overcharging is somewhat beclouded by the fact that def}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 endant Britton has at all times been represented in this action by the same attorney as the other defendants. Under defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid16347840 theory, if the overcharges were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 fraudulent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 , defendant Britton was a party to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 . The absence of this ugly word from the f indings of fact, as well as its absence from defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 pretrial contentions, is understandable as a vain attempt by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 defendants to defeat plaintiff's lien by some theory not requiring actual fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 . \par Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 theory that Britton was colluding with plaint iff to build up excessive charges seems to ignore the underlying relationships which are set forth both in the pretrial statement and the findings. . . . Any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 overcharge}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 by plaintiff would fall directly upon Britton, and none of the financial dealings betwe en plaintiff and Britton would concern the owner so long as plaintiff received an amount equal to the reasonable value of its services. It is of course possible that some of the parties abandoned their original relationships and joined in a scheme to }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 , but the findings of fact do not say so. \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\dbch\af0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 B&J Constr. Corp., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid16084367 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 22 Cal. Rptr. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 at 47}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid417818 (emphasis added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 .}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 A month later, the California Court of Appeal decided }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Callahan v. Chatsworth Park, Inc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 The plaintiff in that case appealed from a summary judgment rendered against him which extinguished his lien before defendant even had to answer the complaint for foreclosure of a mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 s lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 22 Cal. Rptr. 606, 608 (Ct. App. 1962).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 The motion for s ummary judgment was supported by an affidavit from Chatsworth Park}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 s president that enumerated credits and offsets that Chatsworth Park was entitled to but not mentioned in the notice of mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 s lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 at 608-09.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 On appeal, the defendant Chatsworth Park argued the summary judgment ruling was sustainable by application of section 1193.1(k), and that the minute order indicated this was the basis of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 s ruling.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Like }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Henley}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 , the court did not outright reject the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 s reliance on section 1193.1(k), but nevertheless suggested that section 1196.1 was relevant to the particular facts of the case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 at 613 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 The above quoted sections must be construed and harmonized with \'a7 1196.1, Code of Civil Procedure . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Indeed in reversing the grant of summary judgment, the court held:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10893069 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10893069\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 The question of whether evidence is clear and convincing that there has been a violation of \'a7\'a7\loch\f0 1190.1(e) and 1193.1(k) necessarily involves a weighing of the evidence, and that is not the function of th\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e court upon a motion for summary judgment. Likewise an intent to defraud always presents a factual question and the duty of the judge hearing a motion . . . is to find upon the existence of triable issues, not to solve them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10893069 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8142223\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8142223\charrsid14619008 at 613.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 The court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8071900\charrsid14619008 further stated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 [t]he cases decided under \'a7 1196.1 and its predecessors, \'a7\'a7 1203 and 1203a, make it clear that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 mistakes and errors,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 including those with respect to the amount due}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602\charrsid14619008 , will not invalidate a lien in the absence of a finding of intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 at 613-14 (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 court clearly recognized that sections 1193.1(k) and 1203 contain different requirements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5053602 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 The case primarily relied upon by GC is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Distefano v. Hall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 , wherein the defendant argued that plaintiff forfeited his lien in violation of section 1193.1(k) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 by recording a willfully misstated verified claim of lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 32 Cal. Rptr. 770, 784 (Ct. App. 1963).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4599139\charrsid14619008 There did not appear to be any question that the material was fu rnished and the labor and services performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2172149\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2324222\charrsid14619008 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324222\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 780 n.21.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Instead, the misstatement claimed was that plaintiff not only included work performed by him personally, but also all amounts claimed to be due to all subcontractors and materialmen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at 784.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Defendant Hall contended that the excessive amount in plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 s lien, which ultimately dropped from $128,458.05 to $60,702.00 at the time of trial, could only be the result of a willful misstatement.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid673284\charrsid14619008 Turning to section 1193.1(k), the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid673284\charrsid14619008 California appellate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid673284\charrsid14619008 once again }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 stated that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid673284\charrsid14619008 the statute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 must be construed and harmonized with section 1196.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 and that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4261052\charrsid14619008 [t]he two sections apply only where there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12325078\charrsid14619008 is an actual intent to defraud,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12325078\charrsid14619008 again suggesting that section 1193.1(k) implicitly include s an intent to defraud }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2181056\charrsid14619008 element}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12325078\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12405749\charrsid14619008 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 The court held that the question of the validity or forfeiture of the lien would have to be retried because application of these sections is not one of law but one of fact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 It was undisputed that the work was performed and the material was furnished; consequently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4923124\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 the question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3479842\charrsid14619008 of whether a claimant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10436709\charrsid14619008 may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3479842\charrsid14619008 include in his claim of lien work performed by his subcontractors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5575679\charrsid14619008 d}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 id }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5575679\charrsid14619008 not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 implicate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5575679\charrsid14619008 willfully }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3479842\charrsid14619008 includ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5575679\charrsid14619008 [ing] . . . work not performed upon, or materials, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5575679\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 appliances or power not furnished for, the property described in such claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6496157\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3479842\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he work was actually performed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10436709\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for the property to be charged}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3479842\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , albeit by someone other than the claimant.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6496157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10436709\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10436709\charrsid14619008 Distefano}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 required an analysis under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4923124\charrsid14619008 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841733\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1196.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13043495\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841733\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rather than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6496157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 1193.1(k)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6496157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s willful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841733\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 lness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6496157\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236148 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 6}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10436709\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Nevertheless, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 o the extent that }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Distefano }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and the cases cited therein}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9384969\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 suggest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that section 1193.1(k)}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9183720\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s counterpart }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324222\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9183720\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 requires an inten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6766258\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , we respectfully decline to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13841733\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 those cases as it runs contrary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947443\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 numerous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 canon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947443\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8403552\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of statutory construction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Aguon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2002 Guam 14 \'b6\loch\f0 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 It is telling that\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the case most often cited in support of the position that California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s 1193.1(k) contains an\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 element }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2324222\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 fraud, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Schallert-Ganahl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 did not adopt an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 state of mind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15275199 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 7}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Moreover, we consider the fact that California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s successive legislatures have continued to use virtually identical language in its successive versions of sectio \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ns 1193.1(k) and 1196.1 as manifesting clear legislative intent that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provisions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 are different and both }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 should be given effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 since they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 govern different }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 situations and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021602\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 have different }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13256064\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 standards.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561054\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 For instance, the language of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the repealed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561054\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 3118 of the California Civil Code, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the successor to section 1193.1(k)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10561054\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , is substantially similar to the text of section 1193.1(k)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in that it provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 Any person who shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 willfully include in his claim of lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 labor, services, equipment, or materials not furnished for the property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 described in such claim }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 shall thereby forfeit his lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3632063\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 3118 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10813660\charrsid14619008 West }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 1971) (repealed 2010)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Cal. Civ. Proc. Code 1193.1(k)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10813660\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 West }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14238455\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1951) (repealed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14238455\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 69}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10813660\charrsid14619008 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Likewise, section 3261 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of the California \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Civil Code}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 , enacted at the same time as section 3118, is identical to its predecessor section 1196.1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Compare }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 3261}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14238455\charrsid14619008 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10813660\charrsid14619008 West }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14238455\charrsid14619008 1971)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid417818\charrsid14619008 (repealed 2010)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \'a7\loch\f0 1196.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10813660\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 West }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2971529\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1951) (repealed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14238455\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1969)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013239\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 8}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 a review}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7996184\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9117409\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729306\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 recent comprehensive revision and recodification }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673206\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729306\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729306\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien law }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10618746\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 supports the intent of the California legislature to continue to treat the willful inclusion }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1729306\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in a claim of lien of labor, services or material not furnished for property a\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s a separate basis to forfeit the lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , not requiring intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 When California Senate Bill 190 was introduced \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 combine and recodify the substance of former sections 3118 and 3261 as \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 8422 of the Civil Code of California\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , it only provide\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 erroneous information contained in a claim of lien relating to the claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s demand, credits and offsets deducted, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the work provided, invalidate\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the claim of lien\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 if the court determines . . . [that] [t]he claim of lien was made with intent to\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 8422(b) (West 201}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid417818\charrsid14619008 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The original version of the bill }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061944\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 did not include a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ny}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061944\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 provision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 regarding the forfeiture of a lien for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061944\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully includ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061944\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in a claim of lien labor, services, eq\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 uipment, or materials not furnished for the property described in the claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15097270\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386371\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Bill No. 190}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743839\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386371\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15092582\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 later amended }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768512\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 to }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743839\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 make various technical, conforming changes related to the recodification of the law for enforcing mechanics liens,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743839\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14768512\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and, more importantly, to}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743839\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8743839\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16084367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 quire that a person }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16084367\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 forfeit his or her lien if the person willfully includes labor or materials in a lien claim that were not furnished to the property in the claim.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 S.B. 190, Reg. Sess. (Cal. 2011)\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The inclusion of \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 such language in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section 8422 manifests clear intent by the California legislature that the two statutes \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 should \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 be treated as independent from one another\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and be given full effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Indeed, \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 according to\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Law Revision\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Commission Comments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of section \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 8422 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 of the Californ\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ia Civil Code, the statute was designed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 combin[e] the substance of former Sections 3118 and 3261}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and, more importantly, that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [s]ubdivision (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 continues former Section 3118 without substantive change}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 .}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 8422 cmt. (West 201}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid417818\charrsid14619008 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 ) (emphasis added); }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 cf. Huff v. Fetch}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 , 143 N.E. 705, 707 (Ind. 1924) (internal quotations omitted) (noting that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 [t]he use of the same language in [an amended act] does not show a legislative intent to make any change in the law by the re-enactment of the former lan guage, but the unchanged portions of the statute are continued in force, with the same meaning and same effect after the amendment that they had before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 If intent to defraud was required in order to forfeit a lien for the willful inclusion of labor or m aterials not furnished, the California Legislature would not have had to amend the statute in the manner that it did since under the previous introduced version of 8422, the lien would have been invalidated.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 The fact they believed it was important to inse rt the existing willful inclusion language from section 3118 reflects how the legislature acted intentionally and purposely, thus implying that a separate standard would apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13725849 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 [2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 In light of our analysis above, we conclude that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9199231\charrsid14619008 7 GCA \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 33302(j)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8804933\charrsid14619008 , which applies exclusively to circumstances where a claimant willfully includes in his claim of lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8804933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work not performed upon, or materials, appliances or power not furnished for, the property described in such claim, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 does not require a finding of }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 intent to defraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 Rather, the statute mandates a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 willfulness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 standard.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6626542\charrsid14619008 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 here is evidence that GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 s lien claim may have included work not performed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6626542\charrsid14619008 upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 or materials not furnished for the Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 First, GC included in its lien charges for photo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3235439\charrsid14619008 co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 pying, staples, binders, paper, and truck repair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6626542\charrsid14619008 which were not for the Project}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 The trial court also found that GC claimed on behalf of its contractors a total of approximately $244,000.00 in inflated amounts over those amounts the subcontractors were actually claiming for themselves.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 Third, GC conceded during trial that some of the materials included in GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 s lien claim were only transferred t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 o GRI after the lien was filed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 Lastly, there was some evidence that GC billed for undelivered or uninstalled materials as well as for work that was n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 ever completed at the Project.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8158254\charrsid14619008 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14879302 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af39\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs17\super\insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid3162896 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 } {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI argues that even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid9178965 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 if section 33401\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s intent to defraud standard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 applies to this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid4684550 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , the lien should still be forfeited because GC\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s false statements }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid11228326 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 were made intentionally and in ba}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid417818\charrsid937960 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 d faith. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Appellee\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s Br. 4-8. As GRI contends: \'93\loch\f0 Assuming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 arguendo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 that an additional finding of fraud is necessary . . . GC Corp.\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s failure to ever correct those statements is clear and convincing circumstantial evidence of GC Corp.\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\f0 s intent to defraud.\'94\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 at \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 4. However, fraud is a question to be resolved by the trier-of-fact. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Wilkinson v. Jone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 , 2004 Guam 14 \'b6\loch\f0 20; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid13913749 Callahan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \dbch\af0\insrsid417818\charrsid12329063 , 22 Cal. Rptr. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe0\dbch\af0\langfenp0\insrsid417818 at 613 (\'93[A]n intent to defraud always presents a factual question and the duty of the judge hearing a motion under \'a7 437c is to find upon the existence of triable issues, not to solve them.\'94). Therefore, even if intent to defraud was the standard, this is a factual issue not appropriate for summary judgment, and a jury trial was necessary.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 Therefore, the trial court did not err in finding that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12079029\charrsid14619008 7 GCA \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 33302(j), not section 33401, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6626542\charrsid14619008 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095\charrsid14619008 applicable to the facts of this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5446095 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11173361 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 Willfulness on a Motion for Summary Judgment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3697904 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14619008 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Now that we have determined that the standard under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079029\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 7 GCA \'a7\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302(j) is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfulness,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 we focus our attention on whether the trial court should have determined \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in a motion for summary judgment that GC \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willful\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ly included these items in its claim of lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The answer is quite simply no.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The question of whether a \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 person acted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 is a question of fact for the trier of fact\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and involves the weighing of evidence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 Biotec Biologische Naturverpackungen GmbH & Co. KG v. Biocorp, Inc.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 , 249 F.3d 1341, 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (noting that willfulness of patent infringement is quintessentially a question of fact); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Driscoll v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 376 F.2d 254, 254 (1st Cir. 1967) (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Willfulness is a question of fact for the jury \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . . . .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Inland Freight Lines v. United States}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , 191 F.2d 313, 315 (10th Cir. 1951);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 Murray v. Chic. Youth Ctr.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 , 864 N.E.2d 176, 195 (Ill. 2007) ( noting that willful is a question of fact). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid417818 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 1}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ummary judgment is appropriate when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the prevailing party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Gua\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 m R. Civ. P. 56(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In determining whether the moving party has shown that there is no genuine issue of material fact, courts must assess the factual evidence and all inferences to be drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-moving party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 G\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 uam R. Civ. P. 56(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The application of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid605555\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33201(j) (and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid605555\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33401 for that matter) is not one of law but one of fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8608326\charrsid14619008 ,}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 we conclude that there was a genuine issue of material fact as to whether GC willfully included in its mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien work not performed upon or materials not furnished for the Okura Project, thus precluding summary judgment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 The trial court therefore erred in granting summary judgment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Forfeiture of Lien under 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2429034\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GCA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \'a7\'a7\loch\f0 333201 and 33302.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 2}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 GRI presents two\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 additional challenges to the validity of GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s mechanic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien, arguing that the lien was properly forfeited because GC is not a proper claimant under section 33201 and because GC never completed its construction contract with GRI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12202129\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 he trial court granted\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 summary judgment in favor of GRI solely on the basis of its finding that GC had forfeited its lien }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid278115\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 willfully }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid278115\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 including}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work not performed upon and materials not furnished for the property described in the lien}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid278115\charrsid14619008 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid278115\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Because the trial court did not make an \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 y determination }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5788587\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 as to these alternative challenges, there is no error to review on appeal. }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010290 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 V.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11173361\charrsid14619008 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 [3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8458933\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 3}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9589089\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 In conclusion, we hold that the trial court did not err in its reading of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9134194\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\f0 7 GCA \'a7\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 33302(j).}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Section 33302(j) does not require a finding of an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 before forfeiture of a claimant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 However, we hold that the trial court erred in forfeiting GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s lien and granting GRI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s motion for summary judgment, as the issue of whether GC acted willfully is a question of fact to be decided \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 by a jury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 Accordingly, we }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4918080\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 AFFIRM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in part, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4918080\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 REVERSE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in part, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4918080\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 REMAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697904\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5586051\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 part for a jury trial on\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 trial on\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 whether\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 (1) GC willfully included \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 its \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 claim of lien\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 work not perform\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed upon \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 or materials not furnish \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 ed for the Project or (2) if any mistakes or errors in GC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894436\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s statement of demand\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 , or of the amount of credits\hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 and offsets allowed or of the balance asserted to be due \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 were made with intent to defraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10511729\charrsid14619008 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 . }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3154645\charrsid14619008 \par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100828abc13fa0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb6ac3301045f785fe83d0b6d8 72ba28a5d8cea249777d2cd20f18e4b12d6a8f843409c9df77ecb850ba082d74231062ce997b55ae8fe3a00e1893f354e9555e6885647de3a8abf4fbee29bbd7 2a3150038327acf409935ed7d757e5ee14302999a654e99e393c18936c8f23a4dc072479697d1c81e51a3b13c07e4087e6b628ee8cf5c4489cf1c4d075f92a0b 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