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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par 
\par DAVID G. BANES,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 Petitioner,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 v.
\par 
\par SUPERIOR COURT OF GUAM,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 Respondent,
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 OXANA GALKINA BANES,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 Real-Party-in-Interest
\par Supreme Court Case No. WRP12-002
\par Superior Court Case No. DM0377-11
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 OPINION
\par 
\par Cite as: 2012 Guam 11
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid665277\charrsid8585980 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted May 15,2012
\par Hagatiia, Guam
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Appearing for Petitioner:
\par Daniel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Berman, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Berman O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Connor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Mann
\par Ste. 503, Bank of Guam Bldg.
\par 111 Chalan Santo Papa
\par Hagatiia, GU 96910\cell Appearing for Real Party-in-Interest:
\par Curtis C. Vande veld, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Esq.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 The Vandeveld Law Offices, P.C.
\par 123 Heman Cortes Ave., Second FIr
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Hagatiia, GU 96910
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 \cell }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid6569469\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb
\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx4320\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4428\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
\par BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par CARBULLIDO, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 C.l.:
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid5852289 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
 Oxana G. Banes ("Oxana") filed a Complaint for divorce and the nullification of a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6972054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 prenuptial agreement. David G. Banes ("David"), a resident of Saipan, filed his Motion to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929215  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The Superior Court of Guam issued a decision denying David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
s Motion, holding that it had personal jurisdiction over David. David then filed a Petition for Writ of Prohibition in this court, arguing that the trial court did not have personal jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 over him and sought to prevent the tr
ial court from proceeding to hear the divorce case in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Verified Pet. Writ Prohibition ("Pet.") (Feb. 8, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 2012). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 We hold that the trial court did not have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 personal jurisdiction over David and order the writ of prohibition to issue to the Superior Court,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 prohibiting it from proceeding with the case.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 I. FA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 CTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10774716\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 For purposes of this opinio
n, the facts in the petition are presumed to be true}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10774716 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid5852289 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
 David and Oxana met in Saipan in 1999. Before their marriage, the two negotiated a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Prenuptial Agreement ("Agreement") in Saipan, and each party was represented by independent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 counsel. This Agreement included a provision governing choice of law, stating that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Agreement was made in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands ("CNMI") and that}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
it "shall be construed under and in accordance with" CNMI laws. Record on Appeal ("RA"), tab}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 3, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Ex. A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 26 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 (Prenuptial Agreement, Jan. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 31,2003). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Additionally, this provision states: "[T]his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Prenuptial Agreement shall in no way be affected by or modified because of a change in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 domicile of either party." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 David and Oxana married on March }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 27, 2003 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 in the CNMI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6569469\charrsid8585980 
Superior Court. They lived in Saipan for the duration of their marriage. They opened a joint}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 savings account at the First Hawaiian Bank in Saipan, which was their "Marital Fund." RA, tab 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929215  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929215\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1929215\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 [ 7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 (Aff. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2753917\charrsid8585980 David G. Banes, Aug. 22, 2011).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid5852289 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
On or about May 24, 2008, David told Oxana he wanted a divorce, and soon thereafter, Oxana moved out. The two separated and stopped cohabitation as of June 7,2008, at which time there was an "irreparable breakdown of the marital relationship." }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980  10. Oxana then moved to Guam in July 2008. To accommodate Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 s living situation in Guam during their separation period, David purchased a condominium in Tamuning, Guam, on August 20, 2008. Having never met the broker nor negotiated the sale 
price, David purchased the condominium, site unseen, by placing money into escrow with Pacific American Title Company in Saipan. He signed the deed in Saipan upon receiving it via mail.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid5852289 
\par [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980  While the two were separated, Oxana had a green card, but was not a U.S. citizen.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6972054  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
During their separation, David asked Oxana several times for a divorce, but Oxana avoided the topic. Around April or May of 2011, Oxana finally obtained U.S. citizenship and subsequently filed for divorce in Guam.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid5852289 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980  Oxana filed for divo
rce in Guam in May 2011. Soon thereafter, because David contends that the divorce should be heard in the CNMI courts, he filed an action for divorce in the CNMI courts. David also filed a Motion to Dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction in the Guam cou
rt. Oxana moved to dismiss David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
s complaint for divorce, which the CNMI court denied. The CNMI Superior Court later granted David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 s request for a divorce. Meanwhile, the Guam court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 denied David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
s Motion to Dismiss, asserting it had personal jurisdiction over him. David timely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 filed this Writ of Prohibition. On the same day, David filed a petition for interlocutory appeal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 On February 13,2012, we stayed the interlocutory appeal in the interest of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 judicial economy.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 II. JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 [6] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 This court has origin
al jurisdiction to consider writs of prohibition pursuant to 48}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 U.S.C.A. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 1424-1(a)(3) (Westlaw current through Pub. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 L. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 112-142 (2012\'bb and 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 3107(b) (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 see also Guam Police Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 t v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 2011 Guam 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980  6. Additionally, the Supreme Court of Guam has jurisdiction over writs pursuant to 7 GCA, Chapter 31 and the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure ("GRAP") Rule 24.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 [7] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 We are essentially reviewing the trial court}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 s decision regarding personal jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 over a nonresident defendant, which is an issue implicating constitutional due process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 See PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 ns, Inc. v. GST PacWest Telecom Haw., Inc., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 ( 15. As such, the issue of personal jurisdiction herein is reviewed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 de novo. Id.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6972054 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 IV. ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 [8] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Dav
id argues that the Guam court lacks personal jurisdiction over him in the matter of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
s divorce filing in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 7. Under the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 PCI Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
three-part test, Oxana had the burden to show: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
that David, as a nonresident of Guam, performed some act by which he purposefully availed himself to the forum; (2) the divorce claim arose out of David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 s contact with the forum; and (3) that it was reasonable for the Guam court to assert jurisdiction over David. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 See PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 ns }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 GST Pacwest Telecom Hawaii, Inc., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9586662\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 ( 23. David contends the trial court erred when it found jurisdiction over him based solely on his ownership of the Guam condominium }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 7. David argues the trial court erred for failing to address the second and thi
rd prongs of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 PCI Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 
three-part test, and the second and third issues remain the "crux of this Writ." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10832597\charrsid8585980 at 5,6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935743\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid5852289 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
 As a threshold matter, we address whether a writ of prohibition will lie to prohibit the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 trial court from proceeding in the underlying action if we find it lacks personal jurisdiction over David.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 A. Whether a Writ of Prohibition Should Issue
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Title 7 GCA Chapter 31, Article 3 governs a petition for writ of prohibition in Guam.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 31301 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 et seq. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 (2005); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Gray }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 26l }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
 12. The section defining a writ of prohibition provides that a writ of prohibition "arrests the proceedings of any tribunal . . . exercising judicial functions, when such proceedings are without or in excess of the jurisdiction of such tribunal." 7 GCA }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
31301. The writ may be issued "by any court except police or commissioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
s courts, to an inferior tribunal ... in all cases where there is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course oflaw." 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 31302 (2005).
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
s writ of prohibition statutes are based on California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 s parallel statutes-7 GCA }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
31302 is based on California Code of Civil Procedure section 1103. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 See generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 7 CA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 31302.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10774716\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Title 7 GCA \'a7 31302 provides:
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363\charrsid10774716 \'a7 31302. When and Where Writ Issued.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid794221 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
may be issued by any court except police or commissioner's courts, to an inferior tribunal or to a corporation, board, or person i
n all cases where there is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. It is issued upon the verified petition of the person beneficially interested
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid10774716 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
\par 7 GCA \'a7 31302 (2005).
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10774716 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Nearly identical language is found in California Code of Civil Procedure section 1103, providing:
\par A writ of prohibition may be issued by any court to an inferior tribunal or to a corporation, board, or person, in all cases where there is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f1\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 is issued upon the verified petition of the person beneficially interested. Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \'a7
 1103(a) (West 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363\charrsid10774716 
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10774716\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 When Guam statutes are based on nearly identical Californi
a statutes, California case law is persuasive, absent any compelling reason to deviate from California}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 s interpretation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Castino }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 v. G. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 C. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 Corp., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 2010 Guam 3 l)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858894\charrsid4858894  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858894\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 : 22.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 1. Plain, Speedy, and Adequate Remedy at Law Standard
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 [12] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 is well settled that a writ of prohibition will not issue when the petitioner has a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 See Topasna v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 1996 Guam 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 5 ("Writs of prohibition may be issued only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 where there is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
Santa Ynez Mercury Corp. v. Superior, Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 79 P.2d 185, 186 (Cal. Ct. App. 1938); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Hamberger v. Police Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
106 P. 894, 895 (Cal. Ct. App. 1909) ("The writ of prohibition will not issue to an inferio
r tribunal or officer, acting without or in excess of the jurisdiction of such tribunal or offer, unless the aggrieved party be without a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law."). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 See generally }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 31301. The issuance of the 
writ of prohibition is a "drastic remedy to be used in extraordinary situations." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Topasna, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 1996 Guam 5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12453760\charrsid8585980 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 5 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 "In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 determining whether to grant a writ of prohibition, we must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11616945\charrsid8585980 first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980  decide whether [the petitioner] has another adequate remedy at law." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Guam Police Dep}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 t v. Superior Court (Lujan), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 2011 Guam 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12273259\charrsid8585980 \'b6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 19 (determining whether an appeal after f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12273259\charrsid8585980 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 mal judgment would provide an adequate remedy at law to protect a governmental entity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 s interests of sovereign immunity).
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 [13] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
According to David, interlocutory appeal would be an inadequate remedy. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 9. Following California precedent, David cites }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Jardine v. Superior Court, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 213 Cal. 301 (1931), for the proposition that a writ will lie in cases alleging the lack of personal jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 9 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Jardine v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
213 Cal. 301, 305 (1931) (noting that the "delay and expense of a protracted trial" are among relevant factors to determine whether a writ should lie)). He also cites }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Department of Public Works v. Superior Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Jackson v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 
which both mentioned the unnecessary waste of resources while awaiting the resolution of proceedings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 9; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 see also Dep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 t of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4799028\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 Pub. Works v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid794221\charrsid8585980 239 P. 1076, 1080 (Cal. 1925) ("[W]e
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980  are disposed to issue the writ to the end that the petitioners be not put to the expense and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 annoyance of perfecting a voluminous return and attending what would undoubtedly be a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 protracted hearing ...."); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Jackson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 10 Cal. 2d 350, 353 (1937) (holding that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 remedy is neither speedy nor adequate due to the "voluminous record to prepare" and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
"considerable time would elapse before appeal could be perfected and decided"). But none of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 the above cited cases specifically discussed that a writ of prohibition will lie in cases involving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 disputes of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 personal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3607819\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3607819\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3607819 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 David cites }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Guam Police Department v. Superior Court (Lujan), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 2011 Guam 8, in which this court decided a writ of prohibition was appropriate to deliver a speedy determination on the issue of lack of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 subject matter  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
jurisdiction-due to sovereign immunity-because this court found that an appeal after final judgment would not be an adequate remedy in that case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 See }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Pet. at 8; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Lujan, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 2011 Guam 8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 en }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
23. In that case, we expressed the concern that "appeal after final judgment is not a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy for GPD to protect its important sovereign immunity right from suit." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af1\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f1\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 [d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs21\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 en }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
26. Protecting sovereign immunity is not implicated in this case.
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
These three cited cases stand for the proposition that when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
voluminous records are involved, waiting for a trial to proceed would be inefficient and, thus,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 waiting for an appeal after f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 mal judgment would not be a speedy remedy. David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 s above citation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Jardine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 nonetheless supports his argument because }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Jardine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 indicated that a petitioner may use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 a writ of prohi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 bition to object to a court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 s fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
ding of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 defendant. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 See Jardine }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 213 Cal. 301, 305 (1931) ("[W]e are compelled to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
overrule them in so far as they purport to hold that an objection to jurisdiction over the person of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 a defendant cannot be raised by an application for a writ of prohibition.").
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 [14] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
David also relies on other non-California jurisdictions that he claims have issued a writ of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 prohibition regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 personal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction issues because the petitioner would have been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 
subjected to "unreasonable delay and expense." Pet. at 9. David relies on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Canaday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Superior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 116 A.2d 678 (Del. 1955), noting that appeal from f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 mal judgment is an inadequate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12014434\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 remedy because it subjects the petitioner to unreasonable delay and expense; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 Hammond }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 District Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2311347\charrsid8585980 228 P. 758 (N.M. 1924), stating that, in a case involving lack of personal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
 jurisdiction, a remedy is inadequate where an appeal from a judgment would be extremely costly; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 State ex rei. Ellan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 District Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 33 P.2d 526 (Mont. 1934), granting writ of prohibition reasoning that a nonresident should not have to face a delay and expense for trial, only to have the f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438710\charrsid8585980 ina}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 l judgment on appeal declared void because the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1796098 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
Also, David argues that federal courts have permitted writs of prohibition when an appeal from a trial court would cause undue delay. Pet. at 10. However, he cites to cases that involve writs of mandamus rather than writs of prohibition. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Madden v. Myers, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 102 F.3d 74 (3d Cir. 1996); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Rosenfeld v. United States, 859}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 F.2d 717 (9th Cir. 1989\'bb.
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 at 9-10. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 Canaday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 noted that when a:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
\par [T]rial court is erroneously assuming }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 personal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction over a defendant who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
has not been, nor cannot be, subjected to the court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
s jurisdiction, the defendant may successfully petition for a writ of prohibition to end the matter, ... even though the petitioner ultimately would have the right to a review of the jurisdictional question by way of appeal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438710\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438710\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 Canaday, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438710\charrsid8585980 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 16 A.2d at 683 (emphasis added). The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 Canaday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 court further held that even though the defendant could wait to appeal after completion of all procee
dings, "[s]uch remedy, however, is held not to be adequate for the reason that it subjects the petitioner to unreasonable delay and expense in defending an action which later will be declared a nullity"-precisely for lack of jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13438710\charrsid8585980 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 Canaday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 supports David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
s proposition that a writ of prohibition will lie in cases that specifically allege lack of personal jurisdiction.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 [15] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
Applying the facts of this case, the unreasonable delay and expense for David is that he would be forced to wait until the end of the Guam divorce matter to appeal, after undergoing discovery, a trial, and potentially a delay of many years. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
Pet. at 10. He argues that even more delay and expense can be attributed to the unique fact that the CNMI court has a parallel divorce proceeding pending, which means both parties will have to undergo the expense of litigation in two separate forums. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 at 10-11. Facing fmal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14967220\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
judgment in Guam while another divorce matter is concurrently proceeding in the CNMI, and the potential for inconsistent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 
interpretations of the CNMI law provided by the choice of law provision in the Prenuptial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806082\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Agreement are among the problems that David cite as "irreparable harm." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 at 11.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Nevertheless, David recognizes that these hardships do not automatically constitute an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 inadequate remedy warranting a writ of prohibition to issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 
See id.; see also Jollie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Superior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806082\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 237 P.2d 641, 643 (Cal. 1951) (noting that a "large expenditure of time and money" is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806082\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 insufficient to show that appeal is an inadequate remedy).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806082\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 2. Whether an Interlocutory Appeal Suffices as an Adequate Remedy
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15806082\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid5852289 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 We must also determine whether an interlocutory appeal would serve as an adequate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 remedy that would protect David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 s due process interests of not litigating in a forum that lacks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 personal jurisdiction over him. Often times, case law concerning writ usage will not specifically}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 distinguish whether an appeal after final judgment or an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 
interlocutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 appeal suffices as a plain,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 speedy, and adequate remedy. The Supreme Court of California, however, elaborated that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 "when writ review is the exclusive means of appellate review of a final order or judgment, an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 appellate court may not deny an apparently meritorious writ petition, timely presented in a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 formally and procedurally sufficient manner." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Powers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 City of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Richmond, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 893 P.2d 1160, 1177}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 (Cal. 1995) (discussing whether an appeal after fmal judgment serves as a plain, speedy, and}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 
adequate remedy in the context of a writ of mandate, which is also an extraordinary writ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 proceeding); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 La }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Societe Francaise d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Epargnes et de Prevoyance Mutuelle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 District}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 53 Cal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555565\charrsid8585980 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 495, 540 (1879) (noting that an interlocutory order appointing a receiver of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 property of a corporation "may undoubtedly be reviewed on an appeal after f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 mal judgment,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 which affords a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy" in the context of a writ of certiorari). This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9182595\charrsid8585980  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 proposition suggests that a court may recognize an appeal after a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 final }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 judgment as an adequate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 remedy, which functions to protect a litigant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid814524\charrsid8585980 s interests in lieu of issuing a writ. While the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980  authority does not clarify whether an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 interlocutory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 appeal-absent f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555565\charrsid8585980 inal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980  judgment-is equally adequate, it is arguable that an interlocutory appeal does not provide the same degree of adequacy as a remedy.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 [17] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 In
deed, recognizing the distinctions between various types of appeals, the Supreme Court of California noted that just because there is an appeal, this does not automatically mean a writ of prohibition should not issue. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 See Havemeyer v. Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 24 P.
 121, 139 (Cal. 1890). In interpreting the California Code of Civil Procedure section 1103, on which Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 s nearly identical writ of prohibition statute is based, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Havemeyer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 court noted that "[t]he [writ of prohibition] statute does not say that the wri
t will not issue in any case where there is an appeal. There must not only be a right of appeal, but the appeal must furnish an adequate remedy, in order to prevent the issuance of the writ." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11555565\charrsid8585980 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 is worth noting that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Havemeyer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 also referenced several ca
ses that refused to issue the writ of prohibition because there had been "a right of appeal" available and wherein the appeal "afforded a complete and adequate remedy for the threatened excess of jurisdiction." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 [d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 The court ultimately held that the fact that the petitioners }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 could have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 
appealed from an order "does not preclude them from having the writ of prohibition." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 at 140.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 [18] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Insofar as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Havemeyer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 characterizes a right of appeal to be a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Havemeyer, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 24 P. at 139, 
a litigant does not have an absolute right to an interlocutory appeal in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 See People v. Quenga, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 1997 Guam 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 4. The Supreme Court of Guam has discretion to review interlocutory appeals under limited circumstances. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 Title 7 GCA \'a73108(b), which governs interlocutory appeals, provides:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 
Interlocutory review. Orders other than fmal judgments shall be available to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 immediate appellate review as provided by law and in other cases only at the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 discretion of the Supreme Court where it determines that resolution of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197463\charrsid8585980 questions of law on which the order is based will:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12470557\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1796098\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 (1) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 
Materially advance the termination of the litigation or clarify further proceedings therein;
\par (2) Protect a party from substantial and irreparable injury; or 
\par (3) Clarify issues of general importance in the administration ofjustice. 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 3108(b) (2005). Thus, interlocutory appeal is not a right, which suggests that it falls short of a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Havemeyer.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid5852289 [19]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Furthermore, this court has recognized that failure to seek interlocutory review, even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 when interlocutory appeal might have been the better procedure, does not necessarily preclude a court from issuing a writ of prohibition. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 See Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Superior Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 (Nomoto), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 2003 Guam 10 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 15 n.6. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Nomoto, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 this court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  noted that an appeal after formal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 judgment was an inadequate remedy at law when seeking to recuse a trial judge. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 See id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Even}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4211441\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 though the court acknowledged the petitioners should have sought an interlocutory appeal as the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 
preferred procedural route, it noted, "a failure to seek interlocutory review does not preclude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980  consideration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 of the instant Petition [for writ of prohibition]." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Hence, despite the fact that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 the petitioners in that case sought a writ of prohibition 
instead of the preferred procedure of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 
interlocutory appeal, this court nonetheless decided the petition on the merits, clarifying the legal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1532903\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 issue of judicial recusal. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 \'b6\'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 27-48. The availability of an interlocutory appeal, therefore,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 does not prevent the issuance of the writ, particularly when the interlocutory appeal is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 discretionary and not a matter of right.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 3. Other Authority Allowing a Writ of Prohibition to Issue for Lack of Personal
\par Jurisdiction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid5852289 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid5852289 [20]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980  Other courts have allowed a writ of prohi
bition to lie when there is a lack of personal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 See, e.g., McArthur }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 1 Cal. Rptr. 2d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 296, 300 (Ct. App. 1991) (issuing a writ of prohibition to prevent further litigation of custody}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 and child support proceedings in California court over an Ohio defendant); }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12941467\charrsid8585980 see also State ex re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 l Stone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Court of Common Pleas, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 470 N.E.2d 899, 901-02 (Ohio 1984) (affirming a court of appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 s decision allowing the issuance of a writ of prohibition because the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over a non-resident father in paternity action); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Zappitello }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Moses, 458 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
N.W.2d 784, 786 (S.D. 1990) (noting that in cases involving interstate custody disputes, when a lower court "lacks subject matter or personal jurisd
iction and the applicant has no plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law against the [lower] court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 s erroneous assumption of jurisdiction, the Supreme Court may issue a writ of prohibition"); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
Pries }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Watt, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 410 S.E.2d 285,288-89 (W.
 Va. 1991) (issuing a writ of prohibition when it found that the lower court lacked personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant in a case involving the modification of spousal support). 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 [21] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 In the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 McArthur }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 case cited above, the ex-husband, an Ohi
o resident, petitioned for a writ of prohibition when his ex-wife requested a modification of child support and visitation rights in the Superior Court of California. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 See McArthur, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 1 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 297. He made a special appearance to contest jurisdictio
n, and the trial court held it had personal jurisdiction over him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
Even though the Ohio court did not concurrently have a pending proceeding at that time, the California Court of Appeal decided that if the ex-husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 s resident forum of Ohio did in fact have jurisdiction over the ex-wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 s modification request, it should be addressed in Ohio. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
At 299. Ultimately, the California court held that extraordinary relief was warranted and, thus, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 writ of prohibition is appropriate when there is a lack of personal jurisdiction over the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 resident defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 at 300-01.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 [22] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 We hold that a writ of prohibition may }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 ssue in this case because a discretionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7492952  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 interlocutory appeal of the denial of a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction is not an}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  adequate remedy as it is not an appeal as of right. We will now consider the merits of David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 s writ of prohibition regarding the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 s jurisdiction.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid1707225 B. Jurisdiction over Both Spouses to Determine Property Rights
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid5852289 [23]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  A court must have personal
 jurisdiction over both spouses in order to adjudicate property division. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See Estin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Estin, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 334 U.S. 541, 548-49 (1948). The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Estin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 opinion stands for the proposition that a court must have personal jurisdiction over a defendant when determining personal rights, which in that case, was a determination of alimony. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
at 549 (noting that Nevada lacked the power to "exercise an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 in personam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 jurisdiction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 over a person not before the court" and that it had "no power to adjudicate respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 s rights in the New York judgment" regarding alimony). As a result, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Estin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
court also held that a forum may, by decree, give effect to dissolve marital status, but may not give effect to the issue of alimony when there is a foreign defendant over which it has no personal jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
"[A] court cannot adjudicate a personal claim or obligation unless it has jurisdiction over the person of the defendant." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Vanderbilt }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Vanderbilt, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 354 U.S. 416, 418 (1957).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid5852289 
\par [24]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  David does not dispute that the trial court had jurisdiction over the dissolution of marital status.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2825029 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs19\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 The record reveals that the CNMI court has granted the dissolution of marriage. RA, tab 7 at 7 (Proposed Order Granting Pet'r's Mot. Judgment on the Pleadings).
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
Indeed, a court may have jurisdiction to issue a divorce judgment absent any showing of personal jurisdiction over the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See, e.g., Miller }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Miller, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 No. 90-00015, 1990 WL 320352, at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. 1990) (affIrming the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
s divorce judgment, which terminated the martial relationship, even though the trial court did not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant, a nonresident of Guam). A California Court of Appeal has held that a cou
rt must have personal jurisdiction to adjudicate matters beyond mere dissolution of marriage, i.e., adjudication of the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  personal rights and obligations. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See Muckle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, 125 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Cal. Rptr. 2d 303, 308 (Ct. App. 2002). The court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Muckle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 clarified: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
[T]he court must have jurisdiction over the parties to adjudicate personal rights and obligations (personal jurisdiction)....Once the court has met these jurisdictional requirements it may determine not only the marital status, but also the pe
rsonal right and obligations of the parties, including custody and support of minor children of the marriage, spousal support, settlement and division of the parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980  property rights, and the award of costs and attorney fees.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 (internal citations omitted). Here, Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
s Complaint sought to set aside the Prenuptial Agreement, obtain spousal support, and divide the marital property and debts.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid5852289 [25]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
 Thus, the trial court must have personal jurisdiction before setting aside a Prenuptial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2768755  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Agreement, ordering spousal support, and dividing marital property, which are considered personal claims or obligations.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs35 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 c. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
Whether Guam Has Personal Jurisdiction over David in Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 s Divorce Matter

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid5852289 [26]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
 As the plaintiff in Guam, Oxana has the burden of establishing jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See Ziegler}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Indian River Cnty., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 64 F.3d 470,473 (9th Cir. 1995). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 California, when a "defendant moves}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 to quash service for lack of personal jurisdiction, the burden is on the plaintiff to establish}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Roy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 25 Cal. Rptr. 3d 488,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 492 (Ct. App. 2005) (citation omitted). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 federal court, when a defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 rais}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af39\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 \hich\af0\dbch\af39\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 jurisdictional objection by motion, the plaintiff can defeat it with no more than a }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 prima facie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 showing." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Thus, regardless of the type of burden imposed, the burden remains on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 plaintiff to show there is jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5965925\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid5852289 [27]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
 To establish personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff must first identify a statute asserting}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 personal jurisdiction over the defendant; and then, the plaintiff must show that exercising}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction over the defendant fulfills the constitutional principles of due process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 See PCI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 
ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17l)I 15. Here, the crux of David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9271076\charrsid8585980 s petition is that the Guam court did}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980  
not have personal jurisdiction over him because he did not have sufficient minimum contacts with the forum jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 17, 18. David concedes that the fIrst element of statutory jurisdiction is met by 7 GCA }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
\'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 14109, which serves as Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 s long-arm statute-the scope of which allows the courts of Guam to exercise jurisdiction "on any basis not inconsistent with the Organic Act or the Constitution of the United States." 7 GCA }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 \'a7 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
14109 (2005). Due to this broad-reaching statutory language, the effect is that the jurisdictional analysis merges into a single step. That is, a court analyzing personal jurisdiction under Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 s long-arm statute, simultaneously analyzes the issue of constitutional due process.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid5852289 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Principles of Fourteenth Amendment due process require a nonresident defendant to have minimum contacts with the forum "such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 PCI Commc}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17117}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
(quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 lnt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 l Shoe Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Washington, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945)). Only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
minimum contacts exist will the nonresident defendant be subject to general (Le., unlimited) or specifIc (Le., limited) jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 See id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 118 (citations omitted).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266146\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 1. General Jurisdiction
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5266146\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 ] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Oxana alleges jurisdiction by virtue of David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 s ownership of real property in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Answer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Opposition Br. ("Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 n") at 10 (Mar. 14, 2012). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 It }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 is David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
s argument that such a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
singular contact does not constitute continuous or systemic contact with the forum jurisdiction.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
Pet. at 13. Indeed, the trial court did not assert it had general jurisdiction over David. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 See}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 RA, tab 8 (Dec. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 Order, Jan. 9, 2012). Oxana argues that this is a mischaracterization of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 s decision because although the trial court did not specifIcally refer to "general}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction" over David, it likewise refrained from stating its holding in terms of "specif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction." Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16651001\charrsid8585980 
n at 10. Because the decision stated that David "availed himself of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  privileges of ownership of property on Guam and also the burdens associated with owning}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 
property related to the marriage here," Oxana contends that this portion of the decision indicates}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 the trial court asserted general jurisdiction over David. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 at 10-11 (citing RA, tab 8 at 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 (Dec. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Order, Jan. 9, 2012)). Moreover, Oxana alleges that general jurisdiction exists because}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 he "has engaged in real property ownership in Guam, paid real property taxes to Guam, owed a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 legal duty to the co-owners of the condominium for common area fees, and therefore been}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 subject to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 continuous and systematic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 relations with the forum jurisdiction (Guam)." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 at 11
\par (emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852289\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 [30] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Oxana also contends that a "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 substantial connection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  between the defendant and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 forum State necessary for a fmding of minimum contacts must come about by an action 9f the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 defendant purposefully directed toward the forum State." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Id. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 at 9 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Asahi Metal Indus. Co.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 480 U.S. 102, 112 (1986) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Burger King }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Rudzewicz, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 471 U.S. 462,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 476 (1985))). Oxana relates this legal proposition to the fact that David has not denied the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 
condominium purchase was a "volitional act" and that it was "purposefully directed to Guam as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 the indisputable intention . . . to purchase property in Guam." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 at 10. Oxana also cites a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Georgia case, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Abernathy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Abernathy, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 482 S.E.2d 265 (Ga. 1997), for the proposition that "the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 minimum contacts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980  standard does not foreclose the exercise of state court jurisdiction over a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 true in rem action ... or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 when claims to the property itself are the source of the underlying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 controversy between the plaintiff and the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 " }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 at 12 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Abernathy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Abernathy,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 482 S.E.2d 265,268 (Ga. 1997)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 [31] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 While Oxana does not analyze how }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Abernathy }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 applies to this case, it is presumable that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 Oxana attempts to argue that the marital property in dispute, including the Guam condominium,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953679\charrsid8585980 
constitute "property ... the source of the underlying [division of marital property] controversy."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 This argument is not persuasive, however, becau
se Oxana fails to elaborate on how the Guam condominium constitutes the source of the division of martial property issue. That is, although the marital property division may involve consideration of the Guam condominium, the condominium is not convincingl
y characterized as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 source }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 of the controversy.

\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 [32] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
Finally, citing a Texas case, Oxana argues that purposefully availing oneself to the privilege of property ownership is sufficient to establish "minimum contacts." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 ld. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 at 13 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Goodenbour }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Goodenbour, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
64 S.W.3d 69 (Tex. Ct. App. 2001)). Accordingly, Oxana references that by virtue of owning the condominium in Guam and all costs associated, David has made substantial and systematic contacts with Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 See id.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 [33] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 In reply, David notes that the t
rial court never made any assertion of general jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Reply Br. at 3-4 (Mar. 28, 2012). Rather, its conclusion was that David "purposefully and voluntarily" assisted Oxana after their separation in 2008 by accommodating her with a dwelling place
 in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 RA, tab 8 at 1 (Dec. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
Order, Jan. 9, 2012). Immediately following this conclusion, the trial court began to discuss the "purposeful availment" prong of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 specific }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction test. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 ld. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 David contends that the trial court was discussing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 specific }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction test when it decided he had "not only availed himself of the privileges of ownership of property on Guam, but also the burdens associated with owning property related to the marriage here." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 ld.; see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Reply Br. at 5. Furthermore,
 David argues that the trial court did not specify either general or specific jurisdiction was met when it decided: "Based on these factors jurisdiction over [David] comports in the Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 s constitutional notions of fair play and substantial justice" becau
se compliance with "fair play and substantive justice" applies to both general and specific jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Reply Br. at 5 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 
1999 Guam 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs25 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 en }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 17)); RA, tab 8 (Dec. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14301268\charrsid8585980 Order, Jan. 9, 2012).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5729623\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 [34] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 David further argues that general jurisdi
ction is a very high standard that is rarely found by courts-so infrequent that by 1993, the U.S. Supreme Court had upheld general jurisdiction "only once." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 at 6, 7 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Amoco Egypt Oil Co. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Leonis Navigation Co., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 1 F.3d 848, 851 n.3 (9th Cir. 1993\'bb
. Thus, David argues that the extent of his "continuous and systematic" activities in the forum is "maintaining" the condominium, which is no reason to justify the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 s general jurisdiction over him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 at 10 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Mariano }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Surla, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 2010 Guam 2lJ1: 24).
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 [35] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 General jurisdiction may occur when the defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
s activities within the forum are so substantial and continuous and systematic that would warrant the forum to exercise personal jurisdiction over claims that arise anywhere, even those claims that are unrelated to the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 s forum activities. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 See PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 18, 19. It is such that a "defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 s contacts with the forum are so wide-ranging that they take the place of physical presence in the forum as a basis for jurisdiction." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Vons Cos. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Seabest Foods, Inc., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
926 P.2d 1085, 1092 (Cal. 1996). For example, a California Court of Appeal has held that general jurisdiction does not exist when the only contacts in a forum state are few, sparse commercial sales in that state. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 See, e.g., Luberski, Inc. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Oleficio F.UI Amato S.R.L., }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
89 Cal. Rptr. 3d 774, 778 (Ct. App. 2009) (fmding no general jurisdiction because Italian defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 s contacts with the forum state, California, were only
 a history of shipping olive oil to a few customers in California, which the court found "does not represent substantial, continuous, and systematic contacts"). Indeed, in the seminal case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 Hall, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 the U.S. Supr
eme Court held that sending a chief executive officer to Texas for a contract negotiation session, purchasing helicopters, equipment, and training services from defendant Bell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 Helicopter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 s facilities in Texas could not be described as continuous and systematic contacts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 Hall, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 466 U.S. 408, 416-17 (1984).
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852289 [36] We fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 d that David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 s purchase of the single Guam condominium unit does not constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852289  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 an activity or contact that is continuous and systematic enough to es
tablish general jurisdiction over him. The next step is to analyze whether the trial court had specific jurisdiction over David. 2. Specific Jurisdiction Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 PCI Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 Three-Part Test}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852289 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 
\par 
\par [37] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 Guam, to exercise specific jurisdiction, the pl
aintiff must shqw that the following three elements are met with regard to the nonresident defendant:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 
1. The nonresident defendant must do some act or consummate some transaction with the forum or perform some act by which he purposefully avails himself o
f the privilege of conducting activities in the forum, thereby invoking the benefits and protections of its laws.
\par 
\par 2. The claim must be one which arises out of or results from the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 s forum-related activities.
\par 
\par 3. Exercise of jurisdiction must be reasonable.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 
1999 Guam 17lJ[ 23. Applying the first prong of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 PCI Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 test,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14574771\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 the trial court found that David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 s purchase of the condominium sufficed to show he acted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 "purposefully and voluntarily," thus submitting to the "burdens associated with owning property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 
related to the marriage." RA, tab 8 at 1 (Dec. & Order, Jan. 9, 2012). Neglecting to address the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 second prong of causation, the trial court erred when it did not assess how the divorce matter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 arises out of the condominium co
ntact. The trial court also did not address the third prong of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 whether exercising jurisdiction is reasonable. The following discussion will address each prong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 in turn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220270\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 a. Purposeful Availment
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 [38] The purpose of the first prong of purposeful availment is to give the defendant notice that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 he would be subject to suit in the foreign forum. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 See World-Wide Volkswagen Corp. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2962416\charrsid8585980 v.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980  Woodson, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 444 U.S. 286, 297 (1980). }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 World-Wide Volkswagen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
provides that the purpose of the fairness test is "to alleviate the risk of burdensome litigation by procuring insurance, passing the expected costs on the customers, or, if the risks are too great, severing its connection with the State." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 d.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
Accordingly, David argues that his ownership of property in Guam provides him notice that h
e is subject to lawsuits "regarding the incidents of ownership of property." Pet. At 15. That is, he must be aware he is liable for suits regarding accidents to his property. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 David cites examples of the types of lawsuits of which he would be on not
ice, including: suits to quiet title on the property, suits over condominium fees, suits regarding potential nuisance. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Having such notice, he has the choice to obtain insurance to protect his property against risks-or decide that such a risk is too burdensome to bear, at which point, according to }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 WorldWide Volkswagen, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
he could sever such connection with the forum. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
David argues that he had no reasonable expectation that his ownership of the Guam condominium would hale him into Guam court rega
rding matters unrelated to the real property, namely: determination of spousal support and marital property rights and determining the validity of the Prenuptial Agreement negotiated and executed in the CNMI, which is governed by CNMI law. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 See id.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 [39] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 In
 response, Oxana cites the Ninth Circuit case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Roth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Marquez }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 for the proposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 
that the intent of the purposeful availment requirement is to "ensure[] that a defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 will not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910841\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 be haled into a jurisdiction solely as a result of random, fortuitous, or attenuated contacts, or of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910841\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 the unilateral activity of another party or third person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '''}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Roth }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Marquez, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 942 F.2d 617, 621}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910841\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 (9th Cir. 1991); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 n at 15. Not analyzing anything further, Oxana incorporates her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910841\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 prior argument regarding general juri
sdiction for the-purposes of discussing purposeful availment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10910841\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 in general. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7164808\charrsid8585980 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 [40] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
A purposeful business transaction can be considered "one in which the defendant has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 engaged in some form of aff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511680 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 rmative conduct allowing or promoting the transaction of business within the forum state." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
Nusbaum }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Parrino, P.e. v. Collazo De Colon, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 618 F. Supp. 2d 156, 162 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 (D. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Conn. 2009) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). Furthermore, the sole presence of property in a forum state does not entitle that state to jurisdiction over a defendant. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See Shaffer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Heitner, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 433 U.S. 186 (1977); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 see also Kahn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Superior Court, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 251 Cal. Rptr. 815, 821 (Ct. App. 1988). The U.S. Supreme Court in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Shaffer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
intimates that mere presence of real property in the forum state is insufficient to show the nonresident defendant purposefully availed himself such that he "expected to benefIt from the State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s protection of his interest." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Shaffer, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 433 U.S. at 208.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511680\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 [41] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Similarly here, David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s purchase of the Guam condominium alone does not prove that David has availed himself of Guam}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
s benefIt and protections regarding his interest that involve disputes unrelated to the real property itself. As mentioned above, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Shaffer }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 stated that "when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 claims to the property itself are the source }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 of the underlying controversy between the plaintiff and the defendant, it would be unusual for the State where the property is located not to have jurisdiction." }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
at 207 (emphasis added). This proposition suggests that when a claim does not arise out of or concern the real property itself-for example, divorce rather than property damage-the forum state}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
s jurisdiction over the nonresident defendant is not so clear-cut. We agree with David that the divorce action herein is unlike suits to quiet title to the pro
perty, suits over condominium fees, or suits regarding potential nuisance, where the property itself is the source of the claim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 15. That is, if there happens to be a claim to ownership of the Guam condominium, it would be part of the division 
of marital property in the underlying domestic suit, rather than those types of suits enumerated above.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 [42] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Therefore, we do not fmd that David}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s condominium purchase is considered purposeful}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511680  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 availment. The next factor to analyze is the connection between David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s Guam related activities and the divorce action, which the trial court did not do.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 b. Causation
\par 
\par [43] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 The second prong concerns the causal relationship between the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s forum-related activities and the litigated claim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 19
99 Guam 17lJI 23. David contends that the "divorce action does not arise out of David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 s ownership of the Guam condo." Pet. at 16 (emphasis omitted). He cites case law that he believes serves as examples of such causal connections that are considered "obvious." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 PCI Communications, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
David alleges it was obvious that Guam had jurisdiction over Hawaiian defendant GST because the substantial contractual agreement between PCI and GST was signed in Guam. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 1999 Guam 17lJI 30). David cites to the fact that, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Mariano }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Surla, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
2010 Guam 2, the foreign defendant received a $5,000.00 check from the plaintiff while in Guam, opened and deposited money into bank account in Guam, promised to invest money, but then withdrew money from
 the Guam bank account-asserting that these are obvious factors going toward the causation between the Guam forum and the fraud and conversion claims arising therefrom. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 17; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 see also Mariano }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Surla, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 2010 Guam 2lJI 26.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 [44] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Unlike the cases ci
ted, David argues that the ownership of the condominium and the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 divorce matter does not have any such obvious causal relationship. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 17. David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 contends that because "Oxana seeks to have David declared in breach of the [Prenuptial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Agreement] contr
act, her claims arise out of his alleged breach," and if David did in fact breach the contract, "he did so in the fIrst years of their marriage in the CNMI." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 ld. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 David cites the Missouri case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 State ex rel. Gleeson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 Smith, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 which has similar factual circumstances. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 See id.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980  at 18. The couple in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 had been married and lived in lllinois. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See State ex rel. Gleeson }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
2008 WL 4051029, at *1 (Mo. Ct. App. Nov. 25, 2008). Upon separation, the wife moved to Missouri, and the husband paid the down-payment, signed a loan, made mortgage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5511680  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 payments, and made some assessment payments for a Missouri condominium purchased for the wife. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13435884 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
The appellate court decided that in order to determine spousal support, attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
s fees and costs, and property rights, the court had to have personal jurisdiction over the defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Id }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at *2 ("Lack of personal jurisdiction precludes consideration of orders pertaining to maintenance, child support, and attorney}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s fees."). The court also established that "Husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s purchase and
 financing of real estate in Missouri or lease of vehicles in Missouri will subject Husband to Missouri jurisdiction for causes of action arising from his ownership of said real estate or lease of said vehicles." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at *5.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [45] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 This case has even less of
 a causal connection than did the factual scenario in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2768755  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 That is because the husband in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 even leased vehicles for the wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s use in Missouri, took out a loan, made mortgage payments on the condominium, and paid condominium assessments. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs33 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 *}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 1. 
Here, there existed no such further purposeful activities beyond the purchase of the condominium and David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s payment of real property taxes and monthly common area fees for the condominium.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [46] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Thus, because the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 court limited the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s juri
sdiction to solely the dissolution of marriage, David argues the Guam court likewise lacks jurisdiction over the portions of the lawsuit determining property rights and interpretation of the Prenuptial Agreement. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 19. The allegations of breach o
f the Prenuptial Agreement are based out of the CNMI contacts rather than the sole Guam contact of the condominium purchase. To that effect, David argues:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
\par To the extent [Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
s] claim is based on their marriage and allegations of adultery, extreme cruelt
y, or irreconcilable differences, these grounds would have arisen out of the time David and Oxana lived together as man and wife on Saipan, all of which occurred prior to the acquisition of the Guam condo and while they lived together as husband and wife 
on Saipan.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at 20. Therefore, Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s claim does not arise from his activities in the forum, namely, the condominium purchase.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [47] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Oxana dismisses }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 as a case that is not on point for our purposes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 n at 13. She states that it did not address the general jurisdiction, but rather focused on Missouri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s longarm statute, which is "much more narrow than Guam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s long arm statute." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
(internal quotation marks omitted). Without further analysis, Oxana proceeds to point out that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 concluded that there were no facts in the record from which the trial court could exercise personal jurisdictional over the husband pursuant to a Missouri rule. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
at 14. However, Oxana failed to analyze how this conclusion of lacking jurisdiction weighs in favor of finding jurisdiction over David.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [48] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Oxana misinterprets }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 because the opinion discussed both the Missouri long-arm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 statute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
constitutional due process requirements. "However, these contacts do not satisfy the constitutional due process requ
irements for exercising personal jurisdiction over Husband in the current dissolution matter unless there is a causal relationship between those specific acts and the dissolution actions." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 2008 WL 4051029, at *5; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 see also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Reply Br. at 14. Oxana attempts to distinguish }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 from this case by asserting it focused on the long-arm statute, but }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Smith }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 does indeed analyze constitutional due process. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See Smith, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 2008 WL 4051029, at *3. Thus, the argument is unpersuasive.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [49] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Oxana also argues that the caus
ation element should employ a "but for" test that was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 adopted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Shute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Carnival Cruise Lines, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 897 F.2d 377,385 (9th Cir. 1990\'bb. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 n at 15-16 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 897 F.2d at 385). She argues that "the acquisition of community property assets }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in Guam has
 given rise to the ability to seek a divorce here and a division of property" and that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '''}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [b]ut for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980  the acquisition of real property[,] using funds that belong either in the Marital Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 account or are alternatively, community property, has given Plaintif
f the opportunity to seek}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 redress." }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Id}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [50] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
Oxana also argues that termination of the marital relationship is an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in rem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 matter and that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 any court in any jurisdiction may grant a divorce without affecting the "other rights of the spouse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 without }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in personam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction over the non-resident spouse." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [d. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Estin, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 334 U.S. at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 541). The fact that the termination of the marital relationship is an }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in rem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 matter is not the issue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Reply Br. at 12-13. Rather, the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s assertion of "jurisdiction over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Defendant" constitutes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in personam }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction, not }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 in rem }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 at 13 (citing RA,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 tab 8 at 2 (Dec. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 & }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Order, Jan. 9,2012\'bb. Either way, this argument does not help Oxana because}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 David is not contending that the Guam 
court has no jurisdiction to issue the dissolution of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
marriage. He is instead asserting that the Guam court does not have personal jurisdiction over}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 him for the alleged breach of the Prenuptial Agreement claim and the subsequent property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 division arising out of the breach. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 See }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Pet. at 19-20.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 [51] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 
Finally, Oxana also alleges that because "the parties will dispute the character of the real}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 property and Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s right to such property, such circumstances could not have arisen }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 but for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 Defendant-Petitioner}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s Guam forum related activities." Opp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 n at 16. This argument is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 essentially as follows: but for David purchasing the Guam condominium, this piece of real}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 property would not exist and, thus, not be disputed over when dividing the marital property. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 argu
ment is unsound because the division of marital property is derivative of the divorce claim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 itself; Oxana cannot argue that David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 s condominium purchase and forum-related activities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6294117\charrsid8585980 qualify as "but for" causation for the breach of the Prenuptial Agreement and divorce itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2624527\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 [52] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Shute,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid855498 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 The judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Shute v. Carnival Cruise Lines }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 has since been overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court case of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
albeit based on the issue of the parties' forum selection clause; the Supreme Court decided it was unnecessary to consider the constitutional argument regarding personal jurisdiction. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 See Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 
499 U.S. 585, 589 (1991). Insofar as the Court did not touch upon the issue of personal jurisdiction, the Ninth Circuit's adoption of a "but for" test for causation in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Shute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 has not been overruled.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 the Ninth Circuit explicitly adopted the "but for" test for causation, noting that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 ''}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 but for" test is consistent with the basic function of the "arising out of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980  requirement-it preserves the essential distinction b
etween general and specific jurisdiction. Under this test, a defendant cannot be haled into court for activities unrelated to the cause of action in the absence of a showing of substantial and continuous contacts sufficient to establish general jurisdicti
on. . .. The "but for" test preserves the requirement that there be some nexus between the cause of action and the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s activities in the forum.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
897 F.2d at 385 (internal citations omitted). The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Shute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
court concluded that the plaintiff Shutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
 cause of action arose out of the defendant Carnival}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
s contacts with the forum state, Washington. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
at 386. The court reasoned that there was sufficient evidence that the defendant "Carnival}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s solicitation of business in Washington attracted the Shutes (through their travel agent) to the Carnival cruise. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 the absence of [i.e., but for] Carnival}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s activity, the Shutes would not have taken the cruise, and Mrs. Shute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s injury would not have occurred." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Id. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 David is correct in this argument that the "but for" test, as applied in }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 does not apply analogously in this case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 \chftn {\footnote\ftnalt \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6031537 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5468363  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 At this time, we do not reject this "but for" test in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 Shute, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 but recognize it does not apply to these facts in
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid6031537 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 the instant case. Rather, the "arising out of' test from }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 PCl Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid5468363 will suffice for determining causation.}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
 Regardless, even applying it here would not establish causation. Applying }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Shute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153358\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
"but for" analysis to the instant case would appear as follows: in the absence of-or but for-David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 s forum-related activity of purchasing the Guam condominium, the breach of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153358\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 Prenuptial Agreement claim and the subsequent divorce matter would not have occurred. This}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153358\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 logic is unpersuasive because one only has to look at the sequence of events to determine that a}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153358\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
post-separation purchase of real property could not be a "but for" cause for the claims underlying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3153358\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 the separation and subsequent divorce matter itself.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825029\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7348624\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 [53] Thus, Oxana has not successfully shown a causal connection between David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s forum-related c
ontact of the Guam condominium purchase and the divorce claim, which includes claims of breach of the Prenuptial Agreement, request for spousal support, and division of marital property.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 c. Reasonableness
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 
\par [54] As the third prong, reasonableness must be factored into the analysis of a court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s exercise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 of personal jurisdiction over a defendant. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 See PCI Commc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 ns, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 
1999 Guam 17 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 lJI }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 31. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 PCI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 Communications }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 court enumerated the following six factors that courts may assess:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 1) the extent of the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s interjection into the forum state, 2) the burden on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 the defendant, 3) the forum State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s interest in adjudicating the dispute, 4) the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s interest in obtaining convenient and effective relief, 5) the interstate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 judicial system}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s interest in obtaining the most efficient resolution of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 controversies, and 6) the shared interest of the several States in furthering}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 fundamental substantive social policies.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9578377\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 ld. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980 \'b6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 32 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) (citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 Burger King Corp. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 Rudzewicz,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 471 U.S. 462,476 (1985)).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 [55] However, because we have already determined that purposeful availment and causation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 are lacking in this case, we need not proceed to analyze this prong of whether exercising}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction over David would be reasonable.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs37 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs37 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 v. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 CONCLUSION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 [56] Because the interlocutory appeal of the denial of a motion to dismiss is a discretionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 appeal, rather t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 han an appeal as of right, we fin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 d that an interlocutory appeal of such a motion}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 does not provide a plain, speedy, or adequate remedy when th
e trial court lacks personal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 
jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant. Thus, we hold that a writ of prohibition will lie in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 event that the trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendant David in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5536731\charrsid8585980  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 Oxana}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537\charrsid8585980 s divorce matter.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 [57]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 ou
r review of the personal jurisdiction issue, we hold that the trial court lacked general jurisdiction over David because Oxana did not show that David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 s forum-related contact was "continuous and systematic." Under the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 
de novo }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 standard of review, the trial 
court erred when it found personal jurisdiction over David when he purposefully availed himself of the protections of the Guam forum. As for purposeful availment, David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 s mere purchase of a condominium in Guam is not enough to establish that he purposefull
y availed himself of the protections of Guam laws because his purchase of the condominium put him on notice for property-related disputes, not the divorce-related dispute at issue. Thus, the second prong is not satisfied. There is no causal relationship b
etween David}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 
s forum-related contact, the Guam condominium, and the issues giving rise to the divorce-related claims. Finally, because the causation element was not met in this case, we decline to consider the various factors relating to the third prong of 
reasonableness and fairness of the trial court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8585980 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 s exercise of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8469496\charrsid8585980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 jurisdiction over David.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 [58]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 
 For the foregoing reasons, we hereby ISSUE this writ of prohibition and ORDER the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 Superior Court not to proceed further.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002982\charrsid8585980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6031537 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7083350\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4354\clshdrawnil \cellx4246\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4502\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 __________________________

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350\charrsid7083350 ROBERT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350\charrsid7083350 J. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350\charrsid7083350 TORRES
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 Associate Justice
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 \cell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 __________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350\charrsid7083350 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 Associate Justice
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7083350\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4354\clshdrawnil \cellx4246\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4502\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row \ltrrow
}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7083350\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3420\clshdrawnil \cellx6120\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2628\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\pard \ltrpar
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 \cell _________________________
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350\charrsid7083350 F. PHILLIP CARBULLIDO
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 Chief Justice
\par \cell \cell }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri720\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7083350\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2808\clshdrawnil \cellx2700\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3420\clshdrawnil \cellx6120\clvertalt\clbrdrt
\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2628\clshdrawnil \cellx8748\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8585980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7083350 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7083350 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs23 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid7083350 
\par 
\par 
\par 
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