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GILL, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Plaintiff-Appellant, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 v. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 WILLIAM C. BISCHOFF aka BILL BISCHOFF, \par ROGER S. MORAN and BOTTOMLESS PIT, L.L.C., \par and DOES ONE (1) through TEN (10) INCLUSIVE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Defendants-Appellees. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Supreme Court Case No.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 CVA11-004 \par Superior Court Case No.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 CV0333-07}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 December 20, 2011 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Cite as: 2011 Guam 25 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted July 14, 2011 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4787870\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx5130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4338\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10110712 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellant: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Curtis C. Van de veld, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Esq.}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Van de veld Law Offices, P.C.}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 123 Hernan Cortez Ave.}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Appearing for Defendants-Appellees: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 William C. Bischoff, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par HCR Box 172}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par Inarajan, GU 96915 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft810\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid4787870\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr \brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4320\clshdrawnil \cellx5130\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4338\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice; and KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 MARAMAN, J.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Petitioner-Appellant Francis L. Gill appealed the trial court\rquote s dismissal of his action against Defendants-Appellees William C. Bischoff, Roger S. Moran , Bottomless Pit, L.L.C., and Does One through Ten (collectively referred to as \'93Bischoff, et al.\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 For the reasons set forth, we affirm the trial court\rquote s dismissal of the entire case that Gill brought against Bischoff, et al.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 I.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This case stems from a prior lawsuit by Francis Gill, a sharehol der of Coral Pit, Inc. (\'93CPI\'94), on behalf of CPI and himself, against Jeffrey Siegel, Roger Moran, and Richard Cruz, who were all represented by Attorney William Bischoff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 After dismissing Gill\rquote s claims against Siegel, Cruz, and Moran, the trial court awarded Moran roughly $433,000.00 (\'93Moran Judgment\'94) pursuant to the CPI shareholders\rquote buyout agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel obtained a similar judgment against CPI (\'93Siegel Judgment\'94) in a California federal court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel then filed an abstract of this judgment at the Department of Land Management, giving Siegel priority in executing on any of CPI \rquote s real property assets.}{\cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid12531162 Importantly, CPI claims rights to a parcel of real property on Guam. Thes}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 e were and are }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid12531162 currently being litigated in }{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid12531162 Cristobal v. Siegel}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid12531162 , Superior Court of Guam Civil Case No. CV0442-88 (\'93 Cristobal litigation\'94). Bischoff represents Siegel and CPI in the Cristobal litigation. }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\f1\cf17\insrsid10110712 INCLUDEPICTURE "https://mail.google.com/mail/images/cleardot.gif" \\* MERGEFORMATINET }}{\fldrslt { \f1\cf17\insrsid10110712 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1025{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pibFlags}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}} {\sp{\sn wzName}{\sv :2r6}}{\sp{\sn wzDescription}{\sv Close}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0 \picw26\pich26\picwgoal15\pichgoal15\pngblip\bliptag1379224057{\*\blipuid 523549f964c95194d533bcec00c9f948}89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d494844520000000100000001010300000025db56ca00000003734249540101017c2e778200000006504c5445ffffff00000055c2 d37e0000000174524e530040e6d86600000001624b47440088051d480000000c636d50504a436d7030373132000000074f6db7a50000000a4944415418d3636000000002000198636cd70000000049454e44ae426082}}{\nonshppict {\pict\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw26\pich26\picwgoal15\pichgoal15\wmetafile8\bliptag1379224057{\*\blipuid 523549f964c95194d533bcec00c9f948} 0100090000032100000000000500000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c0202000200030000001e00040000002701ffff030000000000}}}}}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel and Bischoff then entered into an agreement (\'93the Agreement\'94), wherein Siegel transferred his thirty CPI shares and assigned the Siegel Judgment to Bischoff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff agreed to pay Siegel \'9350% of any consideration obtained as a result of his ownership of the Shares of Coral Pit, Inc. and/or his ownership of the Judgment and lien.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93ER\'94) at 333 (The Agreement, Feb. 5, 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Agreement was to be \'93binding upon and inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, personal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns of each party hereto.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 at 334.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Agreement further states that, as long as he maintains an active practice of law, Bischoff shall represent Siegel in any legal matter Siegel may be involved in Guam without further legal fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [4]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 After the Agreement had been executed, Siegel filed for bankruptcy in Kansas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel\rquote s rights in the Agreement became part of the bankruptcy estate, and Robert Baer (\'93Trustee \'94) was appointed as the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Trustee thereafter exchanged correspondence with Bischoff regardi ng the prospects of receiving money in the Cristobal litigation, in which the bankrupt Siegel was a named defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Trustee also notified Bischoff that he considered the Agreement to be a contingency fee attorney-client relationship.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff subsequently acquired the competing junior Moran Judgment for Bottomless Pit, L.L.C., a Guam corporation substantially owned by Bischoff, and executed on CPI\rquote s assets under the Moran Judgment , including the parcel of property at issue in the Cristobal litigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thereafter, the Trustee obtained an order to sell the bankruptcy estate\rquote s interest in the Agreement by public bid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill bid $5,100.00 and acquired:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [T]he [Siegel bankruptcy] estate\rquote s interest in the Siegel/Bischoff a greement and, to the extent of the estates [sic] interests, if any, in Coral Pit, Inc. stock, judgment in favor of Siegel in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel v. Coral Pit}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 . . . any lien arising therefrom in the territory of Guam . . . and the right to avoid transfer to Bischoff pursuant to the Siegel/Bischoff agreement, to the extend [sic ] that such right is assignable . . . . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard\plain \s36\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ER at 42 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Order, Jan. 7, 2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [5]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill filed suit against Bischoff, et al. in the Superior Court of Guam, seeking to enforce the Agreement.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In his Third Amended Complaint, Gill delineated seventeen counts, including two acts of fraud, an act of conspiracy to commit fraud, involuntary trust, three acts of deceptive trade practices, an act of conspiracy to commit deceptive trade practices, an act of deception, an act of conspiracy to engage in decept ion, an act of aiding and abetting deception, an alleged act of order of restoration, an act of breach of contract, and an act of breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff filed a Rule 12(b)(6) Motion to Dismiss or, in the alternative, a Rule 12(c) Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill filed an opposition or, in the alternative, a motion for summary judgment and a cross-motion for partial summary judgment on Count One for Rescission.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court issued a Decision and Order dismissing the counts which allege or are dependent on any alleged contractual duty of Bischoff to convert the Siegel Judgment and also for lack of jurisdiction over any rights of the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff thereafter filed a Rule 56 Motion for Summary Judgment on the remaining counts, claiming that he sufficiently refuted Gill\rquote s assertions that Bischoff led the Trustee to believe that Bischoff was acting as his attorney and was willing to act as counsel to any successor in interest under the Agreement.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court denied Bischoff\rquote s motion for being untimely filed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff then filed a second Rule 56 motion, or in the alternative, dismissal under Rules 9(a), 12(b) and 12(h) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill filed an opposition and a countermotion for partial summary judgment, asking the court to order Bischoff to provide Gill with legal services as Siegel\rquote s successor in interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court dismissed all remaining counts on the grounds that Gill could not point to direct evidence that the Trustee harbored a belief that an attorney-client relationship existed between him and Bischoff , and further that Bischoff did not lead the Trustee or any third party to believe that he would be their attorney.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 After Gill filed a Rule 60(b) Motion for Reconsideration, the trial court issued a Decision and Order denying the motion and affirming its prior dismissals.}{\cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 The trial court rejected Gill\rquote s Motion for Reconsideration on December 28, 2010. }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 Gill alleges}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 that the trial court committed error in a few of its decision}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 s}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 , including one on December 20, 2010. }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 See}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 Statement}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 of Issues Presented on Appeal (}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 Feb. 14, 2011}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 )}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 . However, the trial court did not issue a Decision and Order on December 20, 2010. Even if } {\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 we}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 were to give Gill the benefit of the doubt that he was referring to the trial court\rquote s December 28, 2010 Decision and Order, }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 we}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 need not address whether the trial court erred in denying Gill\rquote s Motion for Reconsideration}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 ,}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid269000 as Gill failed to address this matter in}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 his brief to the court. }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 Under}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 Rule 13 of the}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 Guam Rules}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 of Appellate Procedure}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 , }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 the failure to adequately brief an issue}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 may be treated as a }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1852}{\*\bkmkend SR_1852} waiver of }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 the issue on appeal. }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 Guam Greyhound, Inc. v. Brizill}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 , 2008 Guam 13 \'b6 7 n.3; }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 see also}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid6574615 Rinehart v. Rinehart}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 , 2000 Guam 14 \'b6 23 (\'93[I]}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid12457350 f a party mentions a matter but then fails to make a complete legal argument on the issue, then we will refuse to analyze the matter.}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 \'94).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This appeal followed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 II.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment pursuant to 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 112-54 (2011)); 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b) (2005); and 7 GCA \'a7 3108(a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 III.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [8]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 A dismissal pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure (\'93GRCP\'94), for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, is reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 de novo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Core Tech Int\rquote l Corp. v. Hanil Eng\rquote g & Constr. Co., Ltd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 2010 Guam 13 \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \'93}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Pursuant to this court\rquote s power on appeal to convert a {\*\bkmkstart SR_1728}{\*\bkmkstart SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR_1728}Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a summary judgment motion, the appropriate standard to review the grant of a motion for summary judgment is also }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 {\*\bkmkstart SR_1754}{\*\bkmkend SR_1754}de {\*\bkmkstart SR_1755}{\*\bkmkend SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR_1755}novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court did not dispose of any counts under Rule 12(c), having already disposed of the counts under Rule 12(b)(6).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 See}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94), tab 39 at 3-9 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 A trial court\rquote s decision to grant a motion for summary judgment is reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 de novo.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Guam Top Builders , Inc. v. Tanota Partners}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 2006 Guam 3 \'b6 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Summary judgment is only proper if \'93the pl eadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Guam R. Civ. P. 56(c).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 IV.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ANALYSIS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Dismissal of the Counts Based on Rescission and Breach of Contract}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill asserts that the trial court erred in dismissing Counts One (rescission), Sixteen (breach of contract), and Seventeen (breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Rescission Claim}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count One seeks confirmation of Gill\rquote s attempted rescission of the Agreement.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Though the trial court dismissed Count One on the grounds that Bischoff had no duty to execute on the Siegel Judgment, Gill claims that he had the right to rescind the Agreement because Bischoff failed to undertake his obligations under the Agreement by refusing to represent Gill pursuant to the legal services clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill\rquote s argument stems from his belief that he acquired any right Siegel had under the Agreement through his purchase of \'93the Estate\rquote s interest in the Siegel/Bischoff agreement.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 14 (Apr. 18, 2011).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In response, Bischoff argues that he had no duty to execute on the Siegel Judgment and further contends that any attorney-client re lationship was not assignable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\pnrdate1190736989\pnrnot1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We turn first to the trial court\rquote s holding that Bischoff had no duty to execute on the Siegel Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court found that any duty of Bischoff to execute on the judgment was governed by the plain meaning of the contract, specifically finding that the Agreement lacked: }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [A]ny language describing, discussing, or identifying a Bischoff duty to execute or convert the judgment or other property interest, conveyed to him, into some other form of consideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Absent the contract specifying such a duty the court is not persuaded that it should re-write the contract by implying one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The absence of a specifically identified duty to act does not create an ambiguity rather it evinces an intention that such a duty not be imposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In analyzing the contract the court finds that the other consideration provided in the form of legal services and the absence of a specified duty contrave nes any argument that a duty to act should be implied or was necessary to its terms}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 39 at 6 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Agreement provides, \'93Bischoff agrees to pay Siegel }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 50% of any consideration obtained as a result of his ownership of the Shares of Coral Pit, Inc. and/or his ownership of the judgment and lien,\'94 including \'93 any consideration received, whether by settlement, loan, sale, hypothecation, foreclosure, recovery, execution, etc. of the shares or Judgment.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ER at 333 (The Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This is the only language that pertains to any duty of Bischoff regarding the Siegel Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Based on this language, we agree with the trial court that Bischoff had no duty to execute on the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In the absence of such a duty, there was no basis to rescind the contract.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 There was also no basis for rescission on the grounds that Bischoff refused to provide legal services to Gill under the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill\rquote s argument that he purchased th e right to Bischoff\rquote s legal services when he purchased the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate\rquote s interest in the Agreement implies that the sale of the bankruptcy asset operates as an assignment of the executory contract to the purchaser.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 However, under 11 U.S.C. \'a7 365(c), the assignment of an executory contract must precede the sale, as the executor y contract is not a part of the bankruptcy estate until assigned and assumed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Krebs Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc. v. Valley Motors, Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 141 F.3d 490, 498 (3d Cir. 1998); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In re Qintex Entm\rquote t, Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 950 F.2d 1492, 1495 (9th Cir. 1991).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\pnrdate0\pnrnot1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [16]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff argues that his agreement to provide legal services to Siegel was not assignable at the outset.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 An attorney\rquote s agreement to represent a client is a personal services contract that cannot be assigned without the consent of both parties to the contract.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In re Yarn Processing Patent Validity Litig.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 530 F.2d 83, 90 (9th Cir. 1976)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \'93In fact, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 the relationship cannot be formed without the consent of the attorney and the individual seeking representation.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In re Olson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 21 B.R. 123, 126 (Bankr. D. Neb. 1982).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Further, the California Court of Appeals commented: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \lquote The relation between attorney and client is a fiduciary relation of the very highest character, and binds the attorney to the most conscientious fidelity . . .\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, not only does the attorney owe the duty to use skill, prudence and diligence in the performance of the tasks he undertakes for his client but owes undivided loyalty to the interests professionally entrusted to him. }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Because of the inherent character of the attorney-client relationship, it has been jealously guarded and restricted to only the parties involved.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par Goodley v. Wank & Wank, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 133 Cal. Rptr. 83, 86 (Ct. App. 1976) (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [17]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill argues that Bischoff intended for his services as a lawy er to be fully assignable, pointing to language in the Agreement stating that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff shall represent Sieg el in any legal matter Siegel may be involved in Guam without further legal fees, as long as Bischoff maintains an active practice of law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill then points to the clause that states: \'93This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the ex ecutors, administrators, personal representatives, heirs, successors and assigns of each party hereto.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ER at 334 (The Agreement).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 However, Gill fails to mention that the latter clause immediately precedes the former clause, indicating that Bischoff did not intend for the assignment language to apply to the provision for legal services.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Clearly, Bischoff only intended to represent Siegel and did not consent to represent anyone but Siegel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Aside from the plain reading of the contract, there are other indicators suggesting Bischoff did not intend for his legal services to be assigned to anyone who purchased Siegel\rquote s interest in the Agreement, particularly Gill.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Under Rule 1.7(a) of the Guam Rules of Professional Conduct,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \'93a lawyer shall not represent a client if the representation involves a concurrent conflict of interest.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Guam R. Prof\rquote l Conduct 1.7(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 A concurrent conflict of interest e xists if \'93the representation of one client will be directly adverse to another client\'94 or \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 there is a significant risk that the representation of one or more clients will be materially limited by the lawyer\rquote s responsibilities to another client.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Therefore, Bischoff is prohibited from representing Gill because the representation would violate his duty of loyalty to his clients, Moran and Cruz, who were adverse parties to Gill in the Cristobal litigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 If Bischoff were to represent Gill, Moran and Cruz would be adversely affected, and Bischoff would be in violation of Guam\rquote s code for attorney conduct.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, Bischoff had no duty to represent anyone other than Siegel under the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We agree with other jurisdictions that have held that it is generally inappropriate for an attorney-client relationship to be assignable without the consent of both the attorney and the client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The policy reasons for limiting the assignability of the attorney-client relationship are aptly summarized by the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Goodley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 court, which stated: \'93It is the unique quality of legal services, the personal nature of the attorney\rquote s duty to the client and the confidentiality of the attorney-client relationship that invoke public policy considerations in our conclusion . . . .\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Goodley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 133 Cal. Rptr. at 87.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Although }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Goodley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 involved the assignment of malpractice claims, the same reasoning holds true for the assignment of an attorney-client relationship in general.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 An attorney has a personal and unique relationship with each client, and an attorney has the right to decline representing a client, unless he is ordered to do so by the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Accordingly, a lawyer\rquote s client does not have the right to assign to a third party any claim he has to a lawyer\rquote s services.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, we reject Gill\rquote s argument that the attorney-clie nt relationship is assignable, and we hold that the trial court correctly dismissed Count One of the complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Breach of Contract Claims}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count Sixteen alleges a breach of contract based on duties allegedly owed by Bi schoff to the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate, the Bankruptcy Trustee, and Gill, including the duty to provide legal services and execute on the Siegel Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court dismissed Count Sixteen on the grounds that Bischoff had no duty to execute on the j udgment and that the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over claims relating to the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 39 at 9 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Because we have already established that the Agreement did not impose a duty on Bischoff to represent anyone but Siegel or a duty to execute on the Siegel Judgment, there was no breach of contract.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Moreover, t he trial court properly determined that it did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the claim as it relates to the Bankruptcy Trustee, which is discussed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 infra}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, we uphold the trial court\rquote s dismissal of Count Sixteen.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [21]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We find that Count Seventeen was also properly dismissed by the trial court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count Seventeen alleges that Bischoff breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing owed to the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate, the Bankruptcy Trustee, and Gill, because Bischoff \'93knew he did not intend to perform part or all of the obligations required of and from him under the terms of the Agreement,\'94 referring to both Bischoff r epresenting any assignee of the Agreement and failing to execute on the Siegel Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 33-34 (Third Am. Compl., }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Aug. 31, 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court dismissed Count Seventeen on the grounds that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over claims relating to the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 39 at 9 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We find that the trial court properly determined that it did not have subject matter jurisdiction over the claim as it relates to the Bankruptcy Trustee, which is discussed }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 infra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Moreover, given our determination that Bischoff had no duty to provide representation to Gill, we cannot find that Bischoff breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing to Gill, at least with respect to the free legal services clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [22]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Regarding Bischoff\rquote s obligation to execute on the Siegel Judgment, the next question raised is whether Bischoff acted inappropriately in failing to execute on the Siegel Judgment, while at the same time executing on the Moran Judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 According to Gill: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 While providing the Trustee with legal advice, and urging him to delay a sale of the Bankruptcy Estate\rquote s interests in the Bischoff Agreement, Bischoff acquired the competing junior Moran Judgment for his personal account and began executing on the Moran Judgment in September 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Meanwhile he did nothing to enforce the Siegel Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par Appellant\rquote s Br. at 12-13.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We have already established that Bischoff had no duty to execute on the Siegel Judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Moreover, although the Agreement commands Bischoff to pay fifty percent of any consideration he receives as a result of his ownership of the Siegel Judgment, it does not impose a duty on Bischoff to execute on the judgment at a given time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 See }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ER at 333 (The Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 For all these reasons, we affirm the trial court\rquote s dismissal of Count Seventeen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Dismissal of}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 the Counts Based on Fraud and Deceit}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par \par 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Fraud-Based Claims}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [23]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 There are four fraud-based claims that the trial court dismissed\emdash Counts Two, Three, Four, and Five.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court dismissed these counts on the grounds that it lacked subject matter jurisdicti on over claims related to the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 39 at 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [24]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count Two alleges that Bischoff, et al. committed fraud by undertaking actions \'93to defraud the Bankruptcy Estate and the Bankruptcy Trustee of the benefits of the Agreement and to reduce the value of said Agreement.\'94}{ \cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid11102016 The value of the }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 A}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid11102016 gree}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 ment to the Bankruptcy Estate i}{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid11102016 s $5,100.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 00.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid11102016 ER at 45}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 (Trustee\rquote s Report of Sale Number 1)}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid11102016 .}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 17 (Third Am. Compl.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Additionally, Gill claims:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 To perpetrate the fraud alleged herein Bischoff led the Siegel Bankruptcy to believe Bischoff was acting as the Bankruptcy Trustee\rquote s attorney and provided him with legal advice and led him to believe that Bischoff was protecting the interest of the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate in the Agreement, when he in fact did not intend to do so . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\pnrdate-2030441782\pnrnot1\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 at 18.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [25]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Title 11 is the primary source of bankr uptcy law in the United States Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Title 11 U.S.C. \'a7 548 deals exclusively with fraudulent transfers and obligations that occur in bankruptcy cases, while 28 U.S.C. \'a7 1334 confers subject matter jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 11 U.S.C.A. \'a7 548 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 West 2011}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ); 28 U.S.C.A. \'a7 1334 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 (West 2011)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In its decision to dismiss the counts brought on behalf of the Bankruptcy Trustee, the trial court relied on an Illinois bankruptcy case which stated:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 T he subject matter jurisdiction of United States District Courts over bankruptcy matters is set forth in 28 U.S.C. \'a7 1334.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This section provides that the district court has exclusive jurisdiction over all cases under Title 11, and nonexclusive jurisdiction over all proceedings arising under Title 11, arising in a case under Title 11, or \'93related to\'94 a case under Title 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\pnrdate1190736804\pnrnot1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In re Churchfield Mgmt. & Inv. Corp.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 122 B.R. 76, 79 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1990) (internal footnote omitted).}{\cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\fs20\super\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 \chftn }{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 The non-exclusivity }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 language }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 permits state courts to litigate state claims}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 and }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 allows district courts other than the one in which the }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid10300208 title 11}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 case is filed to adjudicate}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 bankruptcy}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3280106 actions }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 . }{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712 Directory Int\rquote l}{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2899763 , Inc. v. Bates Mfg. Co.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid9574572 ,}{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2899763 }{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2899763 91 B.R. 738}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 , 740 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. 1988).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Moreover, 28 U.S.C. \'a7 157(a) provides: \'93}{\cs43\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Each district court may provide that any or all cases under title 11 and any or all proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11 shall be referred to the bankruptcy judges for the district}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 28 U.S.C.A. \'a7 157(a) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 (West 2011)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Regarding its jurisdiction, the trial court stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Section 1424(b) of Title 48 of the United States Code vests upon the Guam Federal District Court the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States Bankruptcy Courts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 48 USC \'a7 1424. . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 This c ourt is therefore without any jurisdiction to consider any action raised on behalf of the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par RA, tab 39 at 8 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We agree with the trial court that it did not have jurisdiction to consider any action regarding the Bankruptcy Estate that was raised on behalf of the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Additionally, Gill is unable to bring an action on behalf of the Trustee before any court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \'93I f a cause of action is part of the estate of the bankrupt then the trustee alone has standing to bring that claim.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Nat\rquote l Am. Ins. Co. v. Ruppert Landscaping Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 187 F.3d 439, 441 (4th Cir. 1999); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 see also In re Teknek, LLC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 563 F.3d 639, 646 (7th Cir. 2009) (\'93[T]he [bankruptcy] trustee has the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 sole}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 right and responsibility to bring claims on behalf of the estate . . . .\'94), }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 cert. denied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 130 S. Ct. 417 (2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Accordingly, the trial court correctly dismissed Count Two, as it lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the claim, and Gill lacks standing to bring the claim on behalf of the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The same analysis applies to Counts Three (second fraud), Four (conspiracy to defraud), and Five (involuntary trust) because any such causes of action are part of the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Siegel Bankruptcy Estate, are related to title 11, and fall under the jurisdiction of a United States District Court or United States Bankruptcy Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Moreover, Gill lacks standing to bring these claims on behalf of the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, we uphold the trial court\rquote s dismissal of Counts Two, Three, Four, and Five. \par // \par // \par //}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The Deceit-Based Claims}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [28]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Next, this court must determine whether the trial court erred in dismissing the deceit-based claims against Bischoff, et al., which are Counts Five, Eleven, Thirteen, and Thirteen*.}{\cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid1194002 In the Third Amended Complaint, Gill has two counts labeled }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 \'93T}{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid1194002 hirteen.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 \'94 To avoid confusion, the second count labeled \'93Thirteen\'94}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid1194002 is renumbered }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 \'93T}{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid1194002 hirteen*}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 .\'94}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court\rquote s dismissal of Count Five is addressed above and need not be discussed further, as it was properly dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court dismiss ed Count Eleven, Thirteen, and Thirteen* on the grounds that it did not have jurisdiction to hear the matters that pertain to the Bankruptcy Trustee\rquote s powers of avoidance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 39 at 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 25, 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\pnrdate-2030441882\pnrnot1\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count Eleven accuses Bischoff of engaging \'93in a deception against the Bankruptcy Trustee and the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate and Plaintiff in violation of 18 G.C.A. \'a7 90103.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 29 (Third Am. Compl.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Gill is incorrect in his assertion that Bischoff violated 18 GCA \'a7 90103, as that section simply provides the definition of \'93deceit\'94 under Guam law.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 The section reads}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 in its entirety}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 : \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 \'a7 90103. What is Deceit.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 A deceit, within the meaning of this section, is either: \par }\pard \qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2687061 1. The suggestion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who does not believe it to be true; \par 2. The assertion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who has no reasonable ground for believing it to be true; \par 3. The suppression of a fact, by one who is bound to disclose it, or who gives information of other facts which are likely to mislead for want of communication of that fact; or, \par 4. A promise, made without any intention of performing it.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712\charrsid2773180 18 GCA \'a7 90103}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10110712 (2005).}{\cs24\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid2773180 \chatn }}} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 18 GCA \'a7 90103 (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Regardless, Gill does not have standing to bring a claim of alleged deception against the Bankruptcy Trustee and the Siegel Bankruptcy Estate,}{ \cs38\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid8783685 Under Count Eleven, Gill alleges that \'93Bischoff engaged in a deception against the Bankruptcy Trustee and the Siegel B}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 ankruptcy Estate and Plaintiff . . . . }{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid8783685 Defendants\rquote actions have proximately caused actual and consequential damages to Plaintiff. Defendants actions have been wicked, willful, wanton and unconscionable warranting the award of exemplary damages.\'94 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 28-29 (Third. Am. Compl.)}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid8783685 . Gill does not further explain what actions Bischoff, et al. engaged in that were deceitful. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 which can only be heard by a United States District Court or United States Bankruptcy Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, the trial court properly dismissed Count Eleven.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [31]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 For the same reasons,}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 we also uphold the trial court\rquote s dismissals of Counts Thirteen (conspiracy to engage in a deception) and Thirteen* (aiding and abetting a deception).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls4\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Dismissal of}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act Claims}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The first claim that the trial court dismissed under the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (\'93CPA\'94) is Count Six .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Count Six alleges that \'93Bischoff led the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee to believe that [the Trustee] was a consumer of Bischoff\rquote s legal services under the terms of the Agreement and therefore the Siegel Bankruptcy Trustee was a consumer of legal services from Bischoff.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 22-23 (Third Am. Compl.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 However, as discussed earlier, the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over any claim relating to the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Additionally, Gill does not have standing to bring a claim on behalf of the Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, we uphold the dismissal of Count Six.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court also dismissed Count Eight, which alleges:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Bischoff led the Bankruptcy Trustee to believe that the Agreement was assignable and that he did not in tend to oppose said assignment . . . and that Bischoff was ready willing and able to perform according to its terms, and intentionally failed and refused to inform the Bankruptcy Trustee that Bischoff would oppose said assignment after a sale . . . thus [deceiving] the Bankruptcy Trustee. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par RA, tab 25 at 26-27 (Third Am. Compl.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We hold that dismissal was proper, as issues related to title 11 do not fall within the subject matter jurisdiction of the trial court, and Gill does not have standing to bring a claim on behalf of the Bankruptcy Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 For the same reasons, Count Nine, alleging conspiracy to commit deceptive trade practices, was also properly dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Bischoff, et al., dismissing all remaining counts, including Counts Seven, Ten, and Fourteen, all relating to deceptive trade practices.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 64 at 2-7 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 9, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court noted that t he primary and common issue in the remaining counts is whether an attorney-client relationship existed between Bischoff and the Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 at 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In Count Seven, Gill stated that \'93Plaintiff and or his predecessors in interest were consumers of legal services from Bischoff by virtue of the provisions of the Agreement.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 25 at 24 (Third Am. Compl.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Counts Ten (aiding and abetting deceptive trade practices) and Fourteen (order of restoration) are also premised on this assertion that there i s an attorney-client relationship between Bischoff and the Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [35]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The majority of federal circuits have adopted similar tests for determining whether an attorney-client relationship exists, all premised upon the client\rquote s reasonable belief that he is consulting with an attorney for the manifest purpose of obtaining legal advice.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 United States v. Ruehle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 583 F.3d 600, 607 (9th Cir. 2009); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 United States v. Stiger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 413 F.3d 1185, 1196 (10th Cir. 2005); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Jackson v. BellSouth Telecomms.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 372 F.3d 1250, 1281-82 (11th Cir. 2004); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 United States v. Evans}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 , 113 F.3d 1457, 1465 (7th Cir. 1997).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 After reviewing the correspondence between the Trustee and Bischoff, the trial court determined that Gill had failed to assert that the Trustee harbored a belief that he was consulting with Bischoff for the purpose of maintaining legal advice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Further, the trial court did not believe, even in the light most favorable to Gill, that Bischoff acted as an attorney for the Trustee or represented to third parties that he would act as their attorney.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 The trial court went on to find that the \'93correspondence between Bischoff and the Trustee amounts to nothing more than Bischoff\rquote s keeping the [T]rustee informed of Bischoff\rquote s efforts to recover Coral Pit property and even when viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the Plaintiffs, it cannot be construed as evidence of an attorney-client relationship.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 RA, tab 64 at 6 (Dec. & Order, Nov. 9, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 We have reviewed the documents in question and agree with the trial court that no attorney-client relationship existed between Bischoff and the Trustee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, summary judgment was proper.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Summary judgment on Counts Ten and Fourteen is also appropriate for other reasons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In light of our determination that the counts alleging deception were appropriately dismissed , it follows that Count Ten, alleging that others aided and abetted Bischoff in committing deceptive trade practices, was also appropriately dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s36\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs38\super\insrsid10110712 \chftn }{\insrsid10110712 }{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid5207766 See}{ \i\fs20\insrsid10110712 , e.g.}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid3545529 ,}{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid5207766 United States v. Mann}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 , stating, \'93W}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid5207766 ithout a determination that the underlying crime was committed, the aiding and abetting conviction must be reversed.\'94 }{\fs20\insrsid10110712 }{\i\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid5207766 United States v. Mann}{\fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid604860 , }{ \fs20\insrsid10110712\charrsid5207766 811 F.2d 495, 498 (9th Cir. 1987)}{\fs20\insrsid10110712 .}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Because the counts alleging fraud and deception were appropriately dismissed, an order of restoration, as requested in Count Fourteen, is not warranted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Thus, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of Bischoff, et al. and dismissing Counts Seven, Ten, and Fourteen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 {\*\bkmkstart SR_4951}{\*\bkmkstart FN6}{\*\bkmkend SR_4951}{\*\bkmkend FN6}III.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10110712 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 \par [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 In sum, we find that the trial court appropriately dismissed all of the claims contained in Gill\rquote s Third Amended Complaint.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 AFFIRMED}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10110712\charrsid10110712 . \par }}