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TENNESSEN,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Defendant,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 DOUGLAS B. 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TORRES, Chief Justice}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 }{\insrsid12937246\charrsid10121019 The signatures in this opinion reflect the titles of the Justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice, RICHARD H. BENSON, Associate Justice }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 . \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 CARBULLIDO, J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Self-styled }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Douglas B. Moylan (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) appeals from a written decision and order of the trial court which lifted a previous order concerning the construction of a conflicts wall in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan argues not that the lifting of the previous order was incorrect, but rather that the trial court erred in failing to lift the previous order }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 nunc pro tunc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 We find that Moylan has no constitutional standing to bring these claims to this court, and therefore dismiss this appeal without reaching the merits of Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s various arguments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Gene Tennessen (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) was charged with Theft, Falsifying Information, Official Misconduct and Obstruction of Gove rnment Functions and was being prosecuted by the Attorney General on behalf of the Government.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen moved for a dismissal based on an apparent conflict of interest involving the Attorney General at that time, Moylan.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 On March 11 , 2004, at the motion to dismiss hearing, Tennessen argued that based on that conflict, the Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s office should not be permitted to prosecute this matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The trial court stated that although it agreed that the circumstances of the case suggested a conflict of interest, the court did not agree that disqualifying the entire Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s office was warranted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Further, absent proof that Tennessen was unfairly prejudiced by the conflict, the court stated that it could not make a finding that Tennessen was unable to obtain a fair and impartial trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Thus, dismissal was not warranted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 However, at the March 11 , 2004 hearing, the court ordered that a conflict wall be placed to shield Moylan from any further participation in the prosecution of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The court held that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan shall not discuss this case with anyone, shall not review files concerning this case, shall not have access to any files or information concerning this case, and shall not obtain or share confidential information concerning this case with anyone.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) at 5 (Dec. & Order, Mar. 26, 2004).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The court further stated that Moylan should have absolutely no participation or input, either directly or indirectly, in the case and that since a conflict wall was already in place in the Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s office by Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s own doing, Moylan and his staff would likely not have any problem complying with the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Subsequently, Tennessen renewed his motion for the entire Off ice of the Attorney General to be disqualified from his case; this motion was denied by the trial court in a written decision and order issued on October 21, 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen was later convicted of two counts of Theft and two counts of Official Misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen timely appealed his judgment of conviction and the October 21, 2005 order to this court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Tennessen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 21 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ), we over-ruled the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s October 21, 2005 order and vacated the judgment of conviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 21, was later superseded by }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Tennessen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2009 Guam 3 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ), which was filed April 1, 2009.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Shortly thereafter, Moylan filed a declaration in the case, stating that because of the conflict wall in place he was not involved in the Tennessen case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Further, Moylan claimed that he was not notified or served with any documents to be present at any court proceedings, was not served with any documents informing him that a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 restraining order}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Moylan describes the portion of the March 2004 Order reproduced above as a \'93restraining order\'94. ER at 9 (Moylan Decl., May 1, 2009).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 was issued against him, and that he did not review the Decision and Order dated March 26, 2004 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}March 2004 Order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2}"}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) that contained the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 restraining order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ER at 9 (Moylan Decl., May 1, 2009).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Simultaneously, Moylan filed a proposed order with the trial court, which contained language vacating the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 restraining order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 nunc pro tunc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 No contemporaneous motion to intervene or otherwise formally seek leave of the court to appear in the case appears in the record.}{ \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Moylan states in his brief that a formal motion to \'93vacate the permanent injunction\'94 was filed, however the mot ion was not submitted in the Excerpts of Record presented by either party. }{\i\insrsid12937246 See }{\insrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest Appellant\rquote s Brief (\'93Appellant\rquote s Br.\'94 ) at 6 (Nov. 10, 2009). The Certified Docket in this appeal reveals that a \'93Motion, Notice of Motion, and Memorandum Supporting Motion to Vacate Restraining Order }{\i\insrsid12937246 nunc pro tunc}{\insrsid12937246 \'94 was filed on May 12, 2009. CD at 30. A review of the May 12, 2009 motion reveals no mention of intervention or any other discussion of obtaining the court\rquote s permission to appear in the case. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 } {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Supplemental Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 SER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) at 29 (Docket, Dec. 7, 2009); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Certified Docket (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 CD}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) at 30 (Feb. 23, 2010).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 On August 21, 2009, the trial court issued an Order, vacating the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 restraining order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 regarding Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s involvement in the prosecution of the case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ER at 14 (Order, Aug. 21, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The court found that the concern which prompted the issuance of the restraining order no longer existed because Moylan was no longer the Attorney General as of December 31, 2006.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Id,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ; ER at 8 (Moylan Decl., May 1, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 However, the trial court did not vacate the March Order }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 nunc pro tunc}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ER at 14 (Order, Aug. 21, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This appeal followed. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In his opening brief, Moylan claimed that the order issued on August 21, 2009 did not vacate the restraining order from its inception, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 nunc pro tunc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , and thus, unjustly subjected Moylan to contempt and punishment for the period between its issuance on March 26, 2004 and the order on August 21, 2009, while the restraining order was in effect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan claimed that his rights were affected by a case in which he is not a named party, and therefore styled himself a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Br. (Nov. 10, 2009)}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 At the Status and Disqualification hearing held in this matter on February 15, 2010, counsel for Moylan advised the panel that Moylan objected to all panel members hearing his appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 On February 22, 2010, Moylan filed three separate statements of objection, alleging various bases for disqualifying the panel members. The case was re-assigned to a disqualification panel, which issued an opinion on September 9, 2010 in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Tennessen (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen III}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2010 Guam 12.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The disqualification panel ruled that the current panel was not disqualified from hearing the case. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen III}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2010 Guam 12 \'b6 52.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The case was re-assigned to the current panel.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 On September 22, 2010 this court requested supplemental briefing on the issue of constitutional standing from the parties. Moylan filed a Memorandum Brief re: Standing (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan ST Memo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ); the People filed a Supplemental Brief (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s ST Memo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ); and Moylan filed a Reply Brief re: Standing (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s ST Reply}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 All filings were timely.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Defendant-Appellant Tennessen declined the opportunity to file any documents on the issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Having reviewed the original and supplemental briefing, and deciding oral argument to be unnecessary, the court now issues its opinion. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 II. JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The Superior Court maintains jurisdiction over criminal cases pursuant to 7 GCA \'a7 3105 (2005).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The Supreme Court of Guam has jurisdiction over this case under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(a), 3107(b) and 3108(a), and 8 GCA \'a7 130.10 (2005).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 {\*\bkmkstart wlCitedDoc}[12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 A n appellate court may raise issues of standing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and for the first time on appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 493 U.S. 215, 230-31\~(1990) }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 overruled on other grounds by City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 541 U.S. 774 (2004) (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Although neither side raises the issue here, we are }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 required}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 to address the issue even if the courts below have not passed on it, and even if the parties fail to raise the issue before us.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) (emphasis added) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Jenkins v. McKeithen,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 395 U.S. 411, 421 (1969), and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Allen v. Wright, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 468 U.S. 737, 750 (1984)); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also Delorme v. U.S.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,\~354 F.3d 810, 815\~(8th Cir. 2004) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Delorme claims that the issue of standing is not before this court because the district court did n ot dismiss on that basis. As a jurisdictional requirement, however, standing can be raised by the court }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 at any time during the litigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 {\*\bkmkend wlCitedDoc}IV. ANALYSIS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Is Moylan a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan appears to assume that he is a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 simply by virtue of denominating himself as one, as nowhere in any of his briefs does he address the meaning of the term.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This is inaccurate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In Guam, the issue of whether or not a certain individual is a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 is controlled by application of Rule 17 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See Tennessen III,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2010 Guam 12 \'b6 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Federal courts interpreting Rule 17 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (from which GRCP 17 is derived) have defined a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 as }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 the party that has a substantive right that is enforceable under the applicable substantive law.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Scheufler v. General Host Corp.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 895 F. Supp. 1416, 1418 (D. Kan. 1995) (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Whelan v. Abell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 953 F.2d 663, 672 (D.C. Cir. 1992)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 It is true that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [o]rdinarily, an appeal from a judgment may be taken only by a party-litigant adversely affected by it}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 but occasionally }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 when they are the real parties in interest, attorneys are entitled to a day in court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Lipscomb v. Wise}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 643 F.2d 319, 320 (5th Cir. 1981).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 However, as the }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Lipscomb }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 court notes, one of the prerequisites of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 status is Article III }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 constitutional standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also Whelan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 953 F.2d at 672 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Standing and real-pa rty-in-interest questions do overlap to the extent that both ask whether the plaintiff has a personal interest in the controversy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This court has previously held that under the Organic Act we are not strictly bound to the requirements of Article III (as the federal courts are), but that constitutional standing principles should nevertheless be applied in the absence of a statute conferring standing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See Benavente v. Taitano,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK3} {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK4}2006 Guam 15 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK3}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK4}\'b6\'b6 12-20.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In this case, Moylan does not cite to any statute which grants statutory standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Thus, if Moylan does not have Article III standing, he is not a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Does Moylan have constitutional standing?}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The doctrine of standing derives originally from the constitutionally limited role of the judiciary within the tripartite model of American government; the role of an arbiter of actual cases or controversies.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g., Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 504 U.S. 555, 559-60 (1992) (Justice Scalia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s discussion of the historical underpinnings of standing) (citing}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Whitmore v. Arkansas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 495 U.S. 149, 155 (1990) and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Allen v. Wright}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 468 U.S. 737, 751 (1984)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also In re Request of Governor Carl T.C. Gutierrez}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2002 Guam 1 \'b6 32 (explaining that the G overnment of Guam contains three co-equal branches).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In order for a party to have constitutional standing: }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [A] [party] must show (1) it has suffered an }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 injury in fact}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 that is (a) concrete and particularized and (b) actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical; (2) the injury is fairly traceable to the challenged action of the defendant; and (3) it is likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that the in jury will be redressed by a favorable decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\pnrdate1727081232\pnrnot1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs. (TOC), Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,\~528 U.S. 167, 180-81\~(2000) (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Lujan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 504 U.S. at 560-61).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The party asserting an injury bears the burden of proving each element of standing exists.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g., Renne v. Geary}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,\~501 U.S. 312, 316\~(1991) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 It is the responsibility of the complainant clearly to allege facts demonstrating that he is a proper party to invoke judicial resolution of the dispute and the exercise of the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s remedial powers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) (citation omitted).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan has asserted numerous injuries.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The asserted injuries are laid out at pages three through five of Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Standing Memorandum: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 (1) no due process notice of the March 26, 2004 hearing in which an injunction issued restraining Douglas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 due process liberty rights; (2) no due process notice of the March 26, 2004 hearing in which an injunction issued restraining Douglas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 First Amendment speech rights; (3) a deprivation of Douglas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 liberty right to conduct his non-speech affairs as he would otherwise have been able to do so specifically\'85[excerpts from the March 2004 Order at pg. 5, lns. 21-25 and at pg. 6, lns. 9-13.]\'85(4) a deprivation of Douglas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 First Amendment liberty right to Free Speech\'85 (5) no due process notice was given to Douglas of the March 26, 2004 injunction against him restraining his non-speech liberty rights; (6) no due process notice was given to Douglas of the March 26, 2004 injunction against him restraining his Firs t Amendment speech rights; (7) no due process notice was given him to participate in the Supreme Court of Guam proceedings in which the decisions of 2008 Guam 21 and 2009 Guam 3 issued finding that Douglas violated the lower court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order; and (8) no due process appellate right to have the Supreme Court of Guam review a trial court decision that he }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 violated a (3/26/04) court order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \'85the injury to Douglas may further be further described as (a) having Douglas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 right to conduct his affairs freely and without restraint, as any other person would enjoy, restrained; (b) restraining what speech Douglas may or may not engage in; (c) imposing a finding of violation of the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s March 26, 2004 order that exposes Douglas to criminal and civil contempt for violation s of the order and (d) for violating a court order, exposing Douglas to ethical misconduct punishments affecting his ability to earn money through his license to practice law without due process of law, to name a few}{ \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Moylan is the party asserting standing and must therefore offer proof on the issue if he hopes to prevail. }{\i\insrsid12937246 See, e.g., }{ \i\insrsid12937246\charrsid7605488 Renne}{\insrsid12937246 ,\~501 U.S. at 316. Any other claims Moylan may have, but which he has not explicitly presented, will not be considered by the court.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 of the many injuries.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s ST Memo at 3 \endash 5 (Oct. 29, 2010).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan has subsequently elaborated upon these claims, arguing that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Injury has been inflicted upon Douglas by a finding that he violated a court order that imposed a prior restraint upon him, versus simply a prior restraint that has expired without any finding of wrongdoing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s ST Reply at 2 (Nov. 19, 2010) (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 47}{ \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Moylan\rquote s memorandum incorrectly cites the case as 2008 Guam 3.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s characterization of this cited portion of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 The passage which Moylan emphasizes reads, \'93[t]hus, the undisputed facts lead to the conclusion that Moylan violated Judge Unpingco\rquote s order.\'94 }{\i\insrsid12937246 Tennessen II,}{\insrsid12937246 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 47.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , which is identical to the relevant portion of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 21, evolves considerably in different sections within his briefs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 At first he states that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 T hough the trial court did not find Douglas in contempt, this appellate court essentially did . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ; later he argues that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [t]he finding is akin to contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ; finally concluding that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Douglas . . . was in fact found in contempt by a finding of willful violation of a court order. . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan ST Memo at 15; Moylan ST Reply at 3, 7.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The injuries asserted by Moylan can be categorized as follows : (1) discrete due process and First Amendment violations which occurred in the course of the proceedings of this case, as described in bullets one through eight and subsections (a) and (b) of the excerpt reproduced above; (2) an on-going threat of professional discipline for the same alleged violation of court orders, as described in subsection (d) of the excerpt reproduced above; (3) an on-going threat of exposure to contempt sanctions for alleged violation of court orders, as described in subsection (c) of the excerpt reproduced above}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 }{ \i\insrsid12937246\charrsid3811488 See also}{\insrsid12937246 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 4.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ; (4) being found in contempt by this court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s language in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , as described in Moylan Standing Reply Memorandum; and (5) economic damage to Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s law practice from these various other injuries, as described in subsection (d) of the except reproduced above.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Each of these categories will be addressed individually.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 1. Discrete due process and First Amendment violations}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan asserts (1) that the trial court violated his due process rights by issuing the March 2004 Order before he had any opportunity to be heard; (2) that the March 2004 Order is an unconstitutional }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 prior restraint}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 on his free speech rights under the First Amendment; and (3) that this court violated his due process rights in issuing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , both by failing to give him an opportunity to be heard and by making a factual finding on the issue where the trial court had not previously made a finding.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s ST Memo at 6- 12.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 These asserted injuries, without more, are insufficient to grant standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 To obtain constitutional standing, a litigant must not only demonstrate an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 actual injury}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 but also that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 the injury or threat of injury [is] both }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 real and immediate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 conjectural}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 hypothetical.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 In providing an example of an \'93 injury\'94 which was too \'93conjectural\'94 or \'93hypothetical\'94 to provide standing to a plaintiff in a case, the }{\i\insrsid12937246 Lyons}{\insrsid12937246 court cited to }{\i\insrsid12937246 Golden v. Zwickler}{\insrsid12937246 , 394 U.S. 103, 109-10 (1969). In }{\i\insrsid12937246 Golden}{\insrsid12937246 , the court held that the possibility that the plaintiff in the case might potentially run for Congress in the future did not entitle him to seek prospective protection against misconduct similar to what occurred when he had previously run for office. }{ \i\insrsid12937246 See id.}{\insrsid12937246 at 109. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 City of Los Angeles v. Lyons}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,\~461 U.S. 95, 102 (1983) (citation omitted) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 City of Los Angeles v. Lyons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , the Supreme Court ruled that a citizen seeking an injunction against the Los Angeles Police Department for previous injuries inflicted by police officers }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 did not}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 have constitutional standing to sue for a permanent injunction against the Police Department, noting that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [p]ast exposure to illegal conduct does not in itself show a present case or controversy . . . if unaccompanied by any continuing, present adverse effects.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 461 U.S. at 102 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 O}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Shea v. Littleton,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 414 U.S. 488, 495-96 (1974)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Thus, even if we assume }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 arguendo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 that all of Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s arguments about the alleged violations of his constitutional rights are correct (that the March 2004 Order }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 prior restraint,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 etc.), these violations themselves do not confer standing unless there are continuing, present adverse effects.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The important question in this case is not how to characterize the alleged violations, but whether or not Moylan is exposed to any continuing, present adverse injuries that confer him standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The other injuries Moylan claims he suffers concern on-going issues, and could potentially combine with these discrete allegations to confer standing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2. The threat of professional discipline.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan states in his brief that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 an ethics investigation has been initiated against the real party in interest arising from the void injunction for possibly violating the Guam Rules of Professional Conduct in violating that same void injunction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Br. at 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 There is no evidence in the record to support this statement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 An unsupported allegation cannot confer Moylan standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 It is well settled that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 standing cannot be inferred argumentatively from averments in the pleadings but rather must affirmatively appear in the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 493 U.S. 215, 231\~(1990) (citing}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Grace v. American Central Ins. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 109 U.S. 278, 284 (1883) and}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Mansfield C. & L.M.R. Co. v. Swan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 111 U.S. 379, 382 (1884)) (internal citations and punctuation omitted), }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 overruled on other grounds by City of Littleton v. Z.J. Gifts D-4, L.L.C.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 541 U.S. 774 (2004).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Any other proof on this issue would fall outside the appellate record as defined by Rule 7(a) of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Further, any ongoing investigation conducted by the Guam Bar Ethics Committee is a confidential proceeding, at least in preliminary stages. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Rule 2 of the Guam Bar Ethics Committee Governing Discipline (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Until the Committee has either filed its proposed order . . . or has issued the respondent a public reprimand, all proceedings under these rules . . . shall be }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 confidential and private.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 . . .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) (emphasis added); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also State ex rel. Missouri Ethics Comm}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 n v. Nichols}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 978 S.W.2d 770, 772\~(Mo. Ct. App. 1998).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Taking judicial notice of any ongoing disciplinary proceeding would be inappropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 possibility}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 of an ethics investigation, unsubstantiated by any proof and/or by any actual ethics prosecution, is an }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 injury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 which is too } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 hypothetical}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 or }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 conjectural}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 to convey standing to Moylan.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 City of Los Angeles v. Lyons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,\~ 461 U.S. 95, 102 (1983); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also Golden v. Zwickler}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 394 U.S. 103, 109-10 (1969).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Although we cannot say that such an investigation }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 could not}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 happen, no evidence (other than arguments in the briefs) have been presented showing that it }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 has}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 happened, or that it }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 will}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 happen.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Younger v. Harris}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 401 U.S. 37, 42 (1971) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [P]ersons having no fears of state prosecution except those that are imaginary or speculative, are not to be accepted as appropriate plaintiffs}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Golden v. Zwickler}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 394 U.S. 103, 109-10 (1969)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Should an actual ethics prosecution ever occur, Moylan would have the opportunity to marshal many of the same arguments he makes here in his own defense against such a prosecution. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 3. Exposure for contempt sanctions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan originally argued that he was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 subject to contempt and professional misconduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 charges for the period the injunction was in effect (March 26, 2004 - August 20, 2009).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Br. at 9. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan has since slightly modified his argument, stating that this court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 finding of violation of the court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s March 26, 2004 order . . . exposes Douglas to criminal and civil contempt for violations of the order. . . .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan ST Memo at 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Neither argument is correct; Moylan is not subject to the threat of either any criminal contempt sanctions or any civil contempt sanctions for his actions between 2004 and 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Much of the confusion here seems to be brought on by Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s seeming disregard for the technical and legal meaning of the term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The court in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen III}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 described this state of affairs as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 contempt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 has a technical legal meaning referring to the imposition of sanctions by a court to coerce compliance with a court order or to punish a party or lawyer for acting in opposition to the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 7 GCA \'a7\'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 34101-34102 (2005) (setting forth the specific actions constituting contempt and the procedural requirements that must be adhered to prior to the imposition of sanctions upon a finding of contempt); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Latrobe Steel Co. v. United Steelworkers of America, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 545 F.2d 1336, 1343 (3d Cir. 1976) (stating that criminal contempt proceedings }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 are separate from the actions which spawned them}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\pnrdate653056812\pnrnot1\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2010 Guam 12 \'b6 4 n.3. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This court previously discussed, in considerable detail, the contours of the contempt powers of the Guam courts in the case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 26.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 We recognized that Guam courts may impose either civil or criminal sanctions under the general contempt powers found in Title 7 of the Guam Code Annotated, Chapter 34.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 26 \'b6\'b6 31-39.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 We also discussed the key differences between civil and criminal contempt, stating that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [a]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 sanction is likely to be civil if the defendant stands committed unless and until (and only until) he performs the affirmative act required by the court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 However, where the sanction is to punish past misconduct, to vindicate the authority of the court, it is criminal.}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Put differently, for a contempt order to be considered civil, the contemnor must \'93carry the keys of their prison in their own pockets.\'94 }{\i\insrsid12937246 Torres}{\insrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 26 \'b6 24 (citation and quotation omitted).}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Torres}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 26 \'b6 20 (citing}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Gompers v. Buck}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Stove & Range Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 221 U.S. 418, 442 (1911)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Under these standards, it is clear that any }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 contempt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 sanction which could be leveled at Moylan would have to be criminal; there is no longer (if there ever was) any method for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 curing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 the alleged violations of the March 2004 court order which would be the basis for any contempt sanction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The lack of any ability to cure contempt through compliance indicates that civil contempt is inapplicable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 United States v. Haggerty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 528 F. Supp. 1286, 1296 (D. Colo. 1981) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [I]f the sentence imposed is conditional and grants the defendant the ability t o end the penalty by complying with the order, the contempt is civil; where the penalty is fixed and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 there is no possibility of complying with the court order}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , the contempt is criminal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ) (emphasis added) (internal citations omitted)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 It is equally clear that any criminal prosecution for contempt would now be barred by Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s general one year statute of limitations for non-felony crimes, as the underlying contemptuous acts would have been committed on or before August 21, 2009 (the date when the trial court lifted the March 2004 order).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 8 GCA \'a7 10.30 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 A prosecution for any offense which is not a felony shall be commenced within (1) year after it is committed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This is because a criminal contemnor, like any other person subjected to criminal sanction, is entitled to protection from the various legal mechanisms which operate in traditional criminal practice, even though the contempt statute itself is not explicitly a part of the criminal code. }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 U.S. v. Dixon}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 509 U.S. 688, 696 (1993) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 We have held that constitutional protections for criminal defendants . . . apply in nonsummary}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 Note that this is not }{ \i\insrsid12937246 necessarily}{\insrsid12937246 true in cases of \'93summary contempt\'94, or contempt which concerns actions which actually take place in the physical pres ence or proximity to the judge issuing the contempt order; a history of the divergence between \'93summary\'94 and \'93non-summary\'94 contempt can be found in }{\i\insrsid12937246 Bloom v. State of Ill.}{\insrsid12937246 , 391 U.S. 194 (1968). As the alleged actions which would be the potential basis for contempt in this case did not take place in court, the distinction is irrelevant here. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 criminal contempt prosecutions just as they do in other criminal prosecutions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 );}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 26 \'b6 56 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 . . . we find that Torres may not be punished u nder both the general contempt statute and the substantive crime statute for the same offenses. . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 see also Pendergast v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 317 U.S. 412, 418 (1943) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 power to punish contempts for willful violations of the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s decrees must have some limit in time . . . Chief Justice Marshall stated that it would be utterly repugnant to the genius of our laws to allow such an action to lie }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 at any distance of time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 That observation is equally apt here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 (citing}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Gompers v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 233 U.S. 604, 612 (1914) (further quotation and citation omitted)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan cannot be held in contempt for any of his actions which allegedly took place during the pendency of the March 2004 order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 4.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Language in }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 2008 Guam 21 and }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2009 Guam 3}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In his standing memoranda, Moylan focuses most of his argument on the language of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , which states that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [t]hus, the undisputed facts lead to the conclusion that Moylan violated Judge Unpingco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 21 \'b6 25; 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 47, respectively.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan claims that this is a finding of contempt, and also that the language }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 affect[s] his ability to earn money through his license to practice law. . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan ST Memo at 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Neither of these contentions is correct.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Each argument will be discussed separately.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 a.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 No finding of contempt}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Once again, Moylan demonstrates a willingness to play fast and loose with precise legal meaning of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 contempt}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 in order to make a rhetorical point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Standing Reply reads: }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Douglas . . . was in fact found in contempt by a finding of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 willful}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 violation of a court order, despite no notice to Douglas to appear and to defend himself by the Supreme Court of Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan ST Reply at 7 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan misstates the language used in the previous opinions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Neither opinion discusses }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 willfulness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 at all.}{ \cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 In fact even the word \'93will\'94 only appears in }{\i\insrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\insrsid12937246 at two unrelated occasions (in paragraph 8 and again in paragraph 17) and does not appear in }{\i\insrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\insrsid12937246 at all.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 People v. Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , we followed the U.S. Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s decision to impose a willfulness requirement in contempt proceedings even when not explicitly commanded to do so by statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 26 \'b6 54}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Without any mention of willfulness, Moylan cannot effectively argue that the language of the previous opinions was a finding of criminal contempt as defined by Guam law.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan has highlighted this issue in his previous briefing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s Br. at 3 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Before and during the hearing that resulted in the Decision & Order restraining the real party in interest, no notice was afforded the real party in interest . . . subsequent to the issuance of the Decision & Order, that Decision & Order was never ser ved upon the real party in interest. . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This court, in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , did not pass upon the issue of whether Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s violation of Judge Unpingco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order was willful.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Had this court done so, we would have a different set of precedents to consider.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 However, where no discussion of willfulness exists, Moylan is not entitled simply to create one.}{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12937246 \chftn }{\insrsid12937246 As the court in }{ \i\insrsid12937246 Tennessen III}{\insrsid12937246 noted, in making these arguments Moylan walks on the razor\rquote s edge of a separate contempt proceeding for making what appear to be deliberately misleading arguments bordering on misrepresentation. 2010 Guam 12 \'b6 4 n3. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 b.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Damage to reputation alone does not grant standing in this case}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Although Moylan has not argued these cases directly, it is true that some federal courts have found that attorneys who are criticized in published decisions }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 may}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 have standing to seek appeal, even in the absence of (1) an explicit order of contempt, or (2) any monetary sanction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Nisus Corp. v. Perma-Chink Sys., Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 497 F.3d 1316, 1319-20 (Fed. Cir. 2007); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Butler v. Biocore Med. Techs., Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 348 F.3d 1163 (10th Cir. 2003); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 United States v. Talao}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 222 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2000); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Walker v. City of Mesquite}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 129 F.3d 831 (5th Cir. 1997); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Sullivan v. Comm. on Admissions & Grievances}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 395 F.2d 954 (D.C. Cir. 1967).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 This is primarily based on recognition of the fact that an attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s reputation may be his or her most valuable asset, potentially far more valuable than any fine or monetary penalty levied in a case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 As the court stated in}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Walker}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Stripped to essentials this proposition would maintain that an attorney has more of a reason and interest in appealing the imposition of a $100 fine than appealing a finding and declaration by a court that counsel is an unprofessio nal lawyer prone to engage in blatant misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 We reject this proposition out of hand, being persuaded beyond peradventure that one}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s professional reputation is a lawyer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s most important and valuable asset.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par 129 F.3d at 832.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 While these different feder al circuits use different standards to determine whether an attorney has standing in a case, at a bare minimum the attorney must be complaining of a finding of misconduct, which in this context is equated to the finding of a violation of an ethical duty.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See Butler}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 348 F.3d at 1167 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ethical violations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Walker}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 129 F.3d at 832 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Peebles violated his obligation of candor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Sullivan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , 395 F.2d at 956 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 found that each of the said Canons had been violated. . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 As the Ninth Circuit explained in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Talao}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 a finding . . . [or] conclusion that [an attorney] knowingly . . . violate[s] a specific rule of ethical conduct . . . }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 per se}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 , constitutes a sanction [sufficient to confer standing].}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 222 F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2000).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Unfortunately for Moylan, he cannot even claim that there has been a finding of misconduct made against him, the minimum of what would be necessary to grant standing under these standards.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Although the court stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan has violated Judge Unpingco}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 there is no statement that he violated any ethical rule, or (as discussed above) that he violated any order willfully.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 2008 Guam 21 \'b6 25; 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 47.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 There is also no evidence on the record as to how or to what degree Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 reputation in the community}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 may have been damaged directly as a result of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and/or }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 See FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 493 U.S. 215, 231\~ (1990) (a party asserting standing must provide evidence beyond argument).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan does not gain standing on these grounds.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 C. Summary}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par [33]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 None of the on-going injuries which Moylan asserts in this case provides standing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The prospect of a professional misconduct investigation is unsupported by evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan cannot, by virtue of Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s fallback statut e of limitations, face further contempt penalties for his alleged violations of the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s March 2004 order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 The language of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 and/or }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Tennessen II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 is not a finding of contempt, nor is it sufficient grounds on its own to provide standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan does not have Article III standing and is not a proper }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 As these jurisdictional findings are dispositive, the court need not address the merits of the other arguments presented by the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 V. CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 In order for a person to be a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 under Rule 17 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure that person must have Article III constitutional standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 None of the bases for Article III constitutional standing which Moylan puts forward in this case are sufficient to grant standing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan is not a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Real Party in Interest}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Moylan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 s appeal is therefore }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 DISMISSED}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 /s/ }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 _________________}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ________________}{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 RICHARD H. BENSON \par Associate Justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246 \tab \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Justice, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 Pro Tempore}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12937246 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 ________________ \par ROBERT J. TORRES \par Chief Justice}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12937246\charrsid12937246 \par }}