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Babauta}{\fs20\insrsid9982256 , }{\fs20\insrsid6902250 2011 Guam }{\fs20\insrsid11165195 15,}{\fs20\insrsid9982256 Opinion}{\fs20\insrsid2378381 \tab }{ \fs20\insrsid9982256 Page}{\fs20\insrsid9982256\charrsid15736528 }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\fs20\insrsid9982256\charrsid15736528 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs17\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid5264894 11}}}{\cs17\fs20\insrsid9982256\charrsid15736528 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs17\fs20\insrsid9982256\charrsid15736528 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs17\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid16729012 18}}}{\cs17\fs20\insrsid9982256 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl-120\slmult0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqr\tx9360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13637154 {\cs17\fs20\insrsid9982256\charrsid15736528 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4665926 {\insrsid9982256 \par }}{\footer \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri360\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin360\lin0\itap0\pararsid12720169 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid9982256 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3818271 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par \par ANTONETTE L. BABAUTA, \par }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 Plaintiff-Appellee, \par \par v. \par \par }{\b\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 EVANGELIS J. BABAUTA, \par }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 Defendant-Appellant. \par \par }{\b\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 OPINION \par }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 \par }{\insrsid8198542\charrsid14703755 Filed:}{\insrsid9922638\charrsid14703755 }{\insrsid8198542\charrsid14703755 September 28, 2011}{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 \par }{\insrsid8198542\charrsid14703755 \par }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 Cite as: 2011 Guam }{\insrsid11745742\charrsid14703755 15}{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 \par \par Supreme Court Case No.:}{\insrsid9922638\charrsid14703755 }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 CVA10-008 \par Superior Court Case No.:}{\insrsid9922638\charrsid14703755 }{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 DM}{\insrsid12013906\charrsid14703755 0}{\insrsid13637154\charrsid14703755 498-06 \par \par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on December 6, 2010 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9922638 {\cs25\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 Jacqueline Taitano Terlaje, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 Law Office of Jacqueline Taitano Terlaje, P.C. \par 888 N. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 215 \par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }{\cs25\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 Thomas J. Fisher, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 Esq. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12013906\charrsid9922638 Fisher & Assocs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 \par 167 E. Marine Corps Dr., Ste. 101 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4740\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860514\charrsid9922638 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3559523 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs19\super\insrsid9982256 \chftn }{\insrsid9982256 }{\insrsid2507806 }{\insrsid9982256 On January 18, 2011, Justice F. Philip Carbullido was sworn in as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Guam. The signatures in this Opinion reflect the titles of the justices at the time this matter was considered and determined.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 MARAMAN, J.:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Defendant-Appellant Evangelis J. Babauta (\'93 Evangelis\'94) appeals from an Interlocutory Decree of Divorce from Plaintiff-Appellee Antonette L. Babauta (\'93Antonette\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis argues that the trial court\rquote s division of the marital property was in error because the court failed to give him due credit for his separate property contributions used to purchase and maintain the marital }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12932769\charrsid9922638 residence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis also argues that the trial court erred when it disclosed in its }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16481451\charrsid9922638 Amended }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law the details of an expunged criminal case against Evangelis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Finally, Evangelis contends the trial court abused its discretion in finding him at fault for extreme cruelty in light of the evidence that Evangelis suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833\charrsid9922638 For the reasons set forth below, we }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 affirm in part and reverse in part}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10752256\charrsid9922638 the judgment of the trial court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6430244\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597833 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 I.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Ev}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3216355\charrsid9922638 angelis and Antonette}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 were married in Guam on December 18, 1998.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 They were in a relationship with each other for seven years prior to the marriage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \tab The parties separated on or about June 11, 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 There are no children of the marriage, although both parties have children from prior marriages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \tab Both parties sought a divorce based on extreme cruelty and grievous mental suffering.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Antonette sued on the additional ground of bodily harm, while Evangelis sued on the additional ground of adultery.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis is a United States Marine Corps }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 eteran }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 who}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 the Veterans Administration (\'93VA\'94) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 determined }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 to be 100% disabled due to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (\'93PTSD\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 He was granted a disability separation from active service in 2002, and given $50,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745742\charrsid9922638 .00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 in separation compensation }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 retroactive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 to 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis deposited this amount into his checking account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366960\charrsid9922638 At the time of trial, Evangelis received}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 approximately $2,600.00 per month from the VA and $1,400.00 per month from the Social Security Administration.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6366960\charrsid9922638 He also earned}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 income from his separate property rental units.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis testified that he deposited approximately $2,500.00 per month from his separate property rental units into his checking account for use }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 by }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 the community.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319227 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Antonette is employed with the Navy Legal Services Department }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 having more than}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 28 years of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ederal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 c}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ivil }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ervice.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In 2008, she was earning approximately $42,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11745742\charrsid9922638 .00}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 per annum.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 She is vested with Civil Service retirement benefits.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The trial court found that both Evangelis and Antonette equally managed the financial affairs of the marriage irrespective of the source of income}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319227\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319227 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In October 2003, the pa rties purchased a house for $220,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The parties made a down payment of $75,000.00 towards the purchase price and executed a five-year mortgage for the balance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The house served as the marital residence and was held in joint tenancy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 with the right of survivorship }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 by Evangelis and Antonette.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 0}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 At trial, Evangelis claimed that the source of the $75,000.00 down payment }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15815513\charrsid9922638 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 $69,580.26 worth of furnishings and improvements to the home }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 the liquidation of his separate property, namely:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6061982 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 United States Marine Corps separation pay 9/9/02\cell $18,304.58\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6061982 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 Veterans disability back pay 9/11/02\cell $50,859.00\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6061982 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 GovGuam Retirement Fund cash withdrawal 11/12/02\cell $25,348.52\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow2\irowband2 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6061982 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 IRA withdrawal 3/19/03\cell $23,231.67\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow3\irowband3 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6061982 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 Home equity loan secured by separate property 10/9/03\cell $39,852.49\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\lastrow \ts26\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6228\clshdrawnil \cellx6840\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1800\clshdrawnil \cellx8640\row }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16481451\charrsid9922638 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16481451\charrsid9922638 \'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7154138\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 at 4 (Am. Finds. Fact & Concl. L.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073702\charrsid9922638 , Jan. 7, 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ); Appellant \rquote s Br. at 4 (Oct. 14, 2010); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 3 (Nov. 15, 2010) (\'93 The down payment was made with Mr. Babauta\rquote s separate funds . . . .\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 On July 14, 2006, Antonette applied for and was granted an Order of Protection against Evangelis, which, among other things, ordered him to vacate the marital residence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Antonette has continued to reside in the marital home with her minor children since the Order of Protection.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 2}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4668188\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The trial court found that since separation, Evangelis significantly reduced the amount of community debts, keeping the community solvent and responsible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In particular, since the date of separation, Evang elis paid $86,900.75 in monthly mortgage payments, $4,899.00 in yearly homeowners insurance, and $1,724.28 in real property taxes, for a total of $93,524.03.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7154138\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 at 4 (Am. Finds. Fact & Concl. L.); Appellant \rquote s Br. at 4-5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 After separation, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ll amounts Evangelis }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 paid }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 towards the residence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 came from}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 his separate funds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 5; Appellee\rquote s Br. at 3 (\'93[A]fter separation Mr. Babauta continued paying down the mortgage; again with his separate funds.\'94). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 At trial, Antonette sought }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 fifty percent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 share of the marital residence, requesting that the court order the parties to sell the residence and that the proceeds of the sale be distributed equally between the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Meanwhile, Evangelis sought full award of the marital residence or, alternatively, reimbursement from the community for his separate funds }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 used }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 its }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 down payment, improvements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 furnishings}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 , and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 the mortgage payments and other expenses }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 he paid }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 after the couple separated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1319227\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The trial court issued its Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law on August 19, 2009, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 absent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 a finding with respect to disposition of the marital residence}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220420\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Following a request by the parties, the trial court issued its Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusion of Law on January 7, 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 F}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 inding no evidence of an understanding or agreement between the parties that Evangelis was to be reimbursed for his separate funds }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 used }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 to acquire the residence, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 the trial court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 rejected his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The court also rejected Evangelis\rquote request for reimbursement for his separate funds }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 used }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 to pay the mortgage and other residential expenses after the parties separated}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 inding Evangelis at fault for extreme cruelty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12390207\charrsid9922638 due to numerous inciden}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083399\charrsid9922638 ts}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12390207\charrsid9922638 of domestic violence during the marriage}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 the t rial court held }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 he was not entitled to such credit and instead ordered }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 him }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 to assume all of the community\rquote s debts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The court awarded Evangelis and Antonette equal shares in the marital residence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 Further, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8008536\charrsid9922638 the residence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 was}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 sold }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 and the proceeds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9715063\charrsid9922638 divided}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 5}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 An Interlocutory Decree of Divorce incorporating the trial court\rquote s Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid877210\charrsid9922638 filed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 on March 24, 2010.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 A Final Decree of Divorce incorporating the terms of the Interlocutory Decree was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid877210\charrsid9922638 filed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 the same day.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 On April 9, 2010, the trial court issued its Notice of Entry on Docket for both the Interlocutory and Final Decrees of Divorce}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220420\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 6}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16669368\charrsid9922638 On April 13, 2010, Evangelis filed a Motion to Stay Judgment, requesting that the trial court stay entry of the Fin al Decree of Divorce.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 On April 29, 2010, the trial court granted Evangelis\rquote Motion to Stay Judgment, finding that \'93[i]f no appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16481451\charrsid9922638 [from the Interlocutory Decree] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 is filed by May 10, 2010, the Final Decree and Judgment will automatically take effect on May 11, 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 However, if an appeal is filed, the court finds that the appellate process will control the continued proceedings of this matter.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7154138\charrsid9922638 , tab E}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256023\charrsid9922638 at 15 (Order After Hr\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 g, Apr. 29, 2010).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Evangelis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 timely }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 filed his Notice of Appeal on May 7, 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 II.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 JURISDICTION \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4343666\charrsid9922638 7}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2306192\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from an Interlocutory Decree of Divorce pursuant to {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1} 48 U.S.C.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12390207\charrsid9922638 A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}(Westlaw current through Pub. L. 11}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646760\charrsid9922638 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646760\charrsid9922638 28}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4007019\charrsid9922638 (201}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6646760\charrsid9922638 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 )); 7 GCA \'a7 310}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12589946\charrsid9922638 8(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 (2005); and 7 GCA \'a7 25102(j) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15675129\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 III.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 STANDARD OF REVIEW \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 18}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The trial court\rquote s characterization of property in a marital dissolution as community or separate is reviewed }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Hart v. Hart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 2008 Guam 11 \'b6 24 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Sattler v. Mathis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 2006 MP 6, 2006 WL 897140, at *5; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Chumbley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 74 P.3d 129, 131 (Wash. 2003); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Lehman}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 955 P.2d 451, 459-60 (Cal. 1998)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 19}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 The trial court\rquote s findings of fact after a bench trial are reviewed for clear error while its conclusions of law are reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Mendiola v. Bell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 2009 Guam 15 \'b6 11. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 IV.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 ANALYSIS \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16667062\charrsid9922638 A.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466148\charrsid9922638 Use of Separate Funds for Down Payment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 ,}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466148\charrsid9922638 Improvements}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 and Furniture}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466148\charrsid9922638 .}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16667062\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 20}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233164\charrsid9922638 Evangelis appeals the trial court\rquote s denial of his request for reimbursement or credit for the use of his separate property for the down payment, improvements and furnishings for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12932769\charrsid9922638 marital }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233164\charrsid9922638 residence. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 Down payment on marital residence}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 [21}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 Property acquired by either spouse before marriage is the separate property of the acquiring spouse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6101(a)(1) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7225499\charrsid9922638 In the instant case, there does not appear to be a conflict as to the character of the funds used for the down payment on the residence; both parties agree that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 the source of these funds was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7225499\charrsid9922638 the pre-marital separate property of Evangelis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7225499\charrsid9922638 At issue is the proper characterization of the marital residence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid400313\charrsid9922638 itself }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7225499\charrsid9922638 as}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid400313\charrsid9922638 either separate or community.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [2}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 2}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In deciding that Evangelis was not entitled to reimbursement for the use of his separate funds to purchase the home, the trial court relied upon the California Supreme Court\rquote s decision in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Lucas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 , 614 P.2d 285 (Cal. 1980)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998915\charrsid9922638 , }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998915\charrsid9922638 superseded by statute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998915\charrsid9922638 , Cal. Civ. Code \'a7\'a7 4800.1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371968\charrsid9922638 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998915\charrsid9922638 .2 (1983) (now Cal. Fam. Code \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371968\charrsid9922638 \'a7 2580-2581,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12998915\charrsid9922638 2640 (West 2004))}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12135011\charrsid9922638 See }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12135011\charrsid9922638 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7154138\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12135011\charrsid9922638 at }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7154138\charrsid9922638 8-9 (Am. Finds. Fact & Concl. L.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 Evangelis argues that the holding in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 Lucas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 has neither a persuasive nor binding effect in Guam because it in terprets an amendment to the California community property laws that was never adopted in Guam and is not otherwise the law of this jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 We agree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 23}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 The }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 Lucas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 court interpreted the following provision added in 1965 to California Civil Code section 164: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 [W]hen a single family residence of a husband and wife is acquired by them during marriage as joint tenants, for the purpose of the division of such property upon divorce or separate maintenance only, the presumption is that such single family re sidence is the community property of said husband and wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 Lucas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 , 614 P.2d at 288}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 (citing Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 164 (1965) (repealed and reenacted as Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 5110, now Cal. Fam. Code \'a7\'a7 700, 760, and 803}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3619875\charrsid9922638 (West 2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 )).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 24}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 Although }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 in 1953 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 enacted its community property laws borrowing from California}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 \rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 then-existing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 community property statutes, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 compare}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Civ. Code \'a7\'a7 161-164}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 (1970)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 Cal. Civ. Code \'a7\'a7 161-164 (1941)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 several amendments have since been made to the California statutes }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2359938\charrsid9922638 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 have not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 been adopted in Guam.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 This includes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 1965}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 provision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 added to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596577\charrsid9922638 California Civil Code section 164 that treats joint tenancy property as community property for purposes of dividing such property upon divorce}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 Instead, in 1980, the Guam Legislatu re through Public Law 15-113 repealed its community property statutes and reenacted them with several changes, including the addition of the language now found in 19 GCA \'a7 6101(a)(8)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 , which states: \'93Separate property means:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 . . . each spouses\rquote s undivided interest in property owned in whole or in part by the spouses }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 as co-tenants in joint tenancy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 or as co-tenants in tenancy in common.\'94 19 GCA \'a7 610}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256023\charrsid9922638 1(a)(8)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 (emphasis added).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 Thus, w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2359938\charrsid9922638 hile there is a rebuttable }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 statutory }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2359938\charrsid9922638 presumption that property acquired by either spouse or both spouses during marriage is community property, 19 GCA \'a7 6105(a) (2005), the Guam Legislature has specifically classified as separate property a spouse\rquote s interest in joint tenancy property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16600803\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 25}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10956157\charrsid9922638 Furthermore, the fact that title to property is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 taken }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10956157\charrsid9922638 by spouses as joint tenants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 raises an inference }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10956157\charrsid9922638 of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 a gift }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10956157\charrsid9922638 of the funds used to acquire the property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 See Donovan v. Donovan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 , 36 Cal. Rptr. 225, 228 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15427612\charrsid9922638 Dist. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 Ct. App. 1963) (\'93Where title to property is taken in joint tenancy by the husband and wi fe, a gift is presumed from whatever estate furnished the consideration for the property, whether the community estate or the separate estate of either spouse, to the extent necessary to cause the property to be held in joint tenancy.\'94 (citation omitted)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Donlon v. Donlon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 , 318 P.2d 189, 193 (Cal. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15427612\charrsid9922638 Dist. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Ct. App. 1957) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Fitzgerald v. Fitzgerald}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 , 250 P.2d 328}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1952)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 ; }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Borgerding v. Mumolo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 , 315 P.2d 347}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15427612\charrsid9922638 , 349}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1957)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7276975\charrsid9922638 ese holdings are grounded upon the more general principal that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 \'93 a joint tenancy . . . is of necessity an expression of the intention to hold the property otherwise than as community property, and . . . the equal interest of the spouses must therefore be classed as their separate but joint estate in the property.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Siberell v. Siberell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 , 7 P.2d 1003, 1005 (Cal. 1932).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 The inference of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9916804\charrsid9922638 a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 gift arising from the joint tenancy deed cannot be rebutted solely by tracing the source of the funds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 used to acquire the p roperty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 Donlon}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11370248\charrsid9922638 , 318 P.2d at 193. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 26}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 We need not undergo a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 more }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 detailed analysis of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 Lucas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 given the clear language in 19 GCA \'a7 6101}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 (a)(8)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16134062\charrsid9922638 that property held by spouses as co-tenants in joint tenancy is separate property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 n the instant case, title to the marital residence was taken as joint tenants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 .}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14966514\charrsid9922638 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9909119 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs19\super\insrsid9982256 \chftn }{\insrsid9982256 }{\insrsid2507806 }{\i\insrsid9982256 See}{\insrsid9982256 }{\insrsid1256023 Record on Appeal (\'93}{\insrsid9982256 RA}{\insrsid1256023 \'94)} {\insrsid9982256 , Trial }{\insrsid9117469 Ex}{\insrsid9982256 . 16 at 1 (Warranty Deed, Oct. 24, 2003) (\'93GUAM LAND AND REALTY DEVELOPMENT, LTD., . . . do hereby grant, bargain, sell and convey unto EVANGELIS J. BABAUTA and ANTON ETTE L. BABAUTA, husband and wife, and their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, }{\i\insrsid9982256 as joint tenants with right of survivorship}{\insrsid9982256 , . . . the following real property situated within Guam . . . .\'94 (emphasis added)).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 Although the parties do not disput e that the source of the down payment was the separate funds of Evangelis, we presume that by taking title to the residence as joint tenants, Evangelis intended a gift of the down payment to Antonette.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 Because Evangelis does not go beyond a mere tracing of the down payment to his separate property }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15354295\charrsid9922638 in order }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3110940\charrsid9922638 to rebut the presumption of gift, we find that the presumption was not overcome and that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 Evangelis and Antonette each have a separate property interest in the residence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6430244\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 27}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 Although the trial court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 incorrectly applied authority that is inapposite in our jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6430244\charrsid9922638 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 we affirm the trial court\rquote s ruling denying Evangelis reimbursement for the down payment because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2359938\charrsid9922638 a plain reading}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2699163\charrsid9922638 of Guam\rquote s community property laws}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4669219\charrsid9922638 produces}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4669219\charrsid9922638 same }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 result.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10771290\charrsid9922638 See }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 Hart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 , 2008 Guam 11 \'b6 15 (\'93[T]his court \lquote may affirm the judgment of a lower court on any ground supported by the record.\'94 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 Ceasar v. QBE Ins. (Int\rquote l), Ltd.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 , 2001 Guam 6 \'b6 8)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 Having taken the property as joint tenants, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 Evangelis and Antonette}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 each }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8673242\charrsid9922638 has}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 an undivided}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8925117\charrsid9922638 one-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476650\charrsid9922638 half separate property interest in the residence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6101(a)(8).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 Accordingly, Evangelis is not entitled to reimbursement for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4669219\charrsid9922638 any of his separate property }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368850\charrsid9922638 contributed as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4669219\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 the down payment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 on the residence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16398109\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 Improvements and furniture \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 28}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 With regard to the improvements and furnishings for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 marital }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 residence, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12932769\charrsid9922638 there was conflicting testimony at trial as to the source of the funds used to make those purchases.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12932769\charrsid9922638 Antonette claimed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2037635\charrsid9922638 the improvements were paid through the parties\rquote credit cards and line of credit, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 most of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11285614\charrsid9922638 the furniture was financed through }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 a credit account with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11285614\charrsid9922638 Genghis Khan }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 on which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11285614\charrsid9922638 she made the monthly payments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16150960\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 Transcripts (\'93}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 Tr.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 \'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12472149\charrsid9922638 , vol. 1 at 12, 28-33 (Bench Trial, Feb. 19, 2009).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 Meanwhile, Evangelis conceded that the parties\rquote credit cards and line of credit were used to make the purchases, but only after he used his separate funds to pay down }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 those}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 accounts in order to free them up for such use.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 Tr., vol. 2 at 78-83 (Cont. Bench Trial, Feb. 23, 2009).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 Evangelis did not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 address the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9464029\charrsid9922638 credit account with Genghis Khan. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 29}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7414734\charrsid9922638 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 t is a well-settled rule that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 , with respect to transactions prior to separation,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 a spouse who uses his or her separate property to make improvements to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 marital}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 property is entitled to reimbursement only if there is an agreement between the parties to that effect.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Smith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 , 145 Cal. Rptr. 205}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15276828\charrsid9922638 , 213 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789926\charrsid9922638 Ct. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15276828\charrsid9922638 1978) (citing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8876728\charrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8876728\charrsid9922638 Weinberg}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 v. Weinberg}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 , 432 P.2d 709, 716 (Cal. 1967) (en banc); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 See v. See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 , 415 P.2d 776, 780-81 (Cal. 1966) (en banc); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Cosgrove}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14292607\charrsid9922638 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 103 Cal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14292607\charrsid9922638 Rptr. 733, 737-38 (Ct. App. 1972)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid284153\charrsid9922638 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684466\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 In its Amended Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, the trial court found that the improvements and furniture were the community property of the parties rather than the separate property of Evangelis because there was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 no evidence that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 intended to be reimbursed when he made these contributions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5200386\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 at 8 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967001\charrsid9922638 Am. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 Our review of the record le}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 ads us to the same conclusion. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 0}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 The trial court\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 finding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 further }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 supported by the fac t that there was conflicting testimony from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 parties as to the source of the funds used to pay for the improvements and furniture, as well as no direct documentary evidence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 in the record }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 to support Evangelis\rquote claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116683\charrsid9922638 that the purchases were paid out of his separate funds.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7414734\charrsid9922638 Evangelis had the burden of proving that the improvements and furniture }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 purchased during the marriage }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7414734\charrsid9922638 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897163\charrsid9922638 not community property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7414734\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12416450\charrsid9922638 See See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12416450\charrsid9922638 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952824\charrsid9922638 415 P.2d }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8876728\charrsid9922638 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12416450\charrsid9922638 779}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1917212\charrsid9922638 (\'93Property acquired by purchase during a marriage is presumed to be community property, and the burden is on the spouse asserting its separate character to overcome the presumption\'94)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12416450\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116683\charrsid9922638 It is clear the trial court was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840616\charrsid9922638 not convinced}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116683\charrsid9922638 that Evangelis met this burden, and we decline to find otherwise.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5116683\charrsid9922638 Accordingly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 , Evangelis is not entitled to reimbursement }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 or credit }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 for the improvements and furn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 iture}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1011052\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5388263\charrsid9922638 B.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466148\charrsid9922638 Use of Separate Funds to Maintain Marital Residence after Separation}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11816681\charrsid9922638 of Parties}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16466148\charrsid9922638 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid552691\charrsid9922638 We next address the issue of the trial court\rquote s denial of reimbursement for the use of Evangelis\rquote separate funds to maintain the marital residence and keep the community solvent after the parties separated. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [3}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 2}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4669219\charrsid9922638 Income }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 of a spouse while living separate and apart from the other spouse is separate property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6101(a)(2).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 As a general rule, a spouse who, after separation of the parties, uses his or her separate funds to pay preexisting community obligations should be reimbursed upon divorce.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 In re Marriage of Epstein}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 , 592 P.2d 1165, 1170 (Cal. 1979)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2239466\charrsid9922638 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2239466\charrsid9922638 superseded by statute on other grounds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2239466\charrsid9922638 , Cal. Civ. Code \'a7 4800.2 (1983) (now Cal. Fam. Code \'a7 2640 (West 2004))}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2239466\charrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2239466\charrsid9922638 see also}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 Vides v. Vides}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 , 30 Cal. Rptr. 447, 447 (Ct. App. 1963).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 Otherwise, parties would be discouraged from making payments on community obligations after separation for fear that they would receive no credit for such payments while the other spouse }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5388263\charrsid9922638 is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 awarded a windfall.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 Epstein}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 , 592 P.2d at 1170 (\'93[A]pplication of the no-reimbursement rule will discourage payment o f community debts after separation, exacerbate the financial and emotional disruption which all too frequently accompanies the breakup of a marriage and, perhaps, result in impairing the credit reputations of both spouses.\'94); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11541228\charrsid9922638 see also }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 Vides}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 , 30 Cal. Rptr. at 44}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3175814\charrsid9922638 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16526792\charrsid9922638 finding that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 the effect of d ividing the property equally between the spouses without permitting wife to recoup the sums she had paid after the parties had separated is to award her separate property to the husband to the extent of half the payments by which she enhanced the asset).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134418\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 33}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134418\charrsid9922638 In some situations, however, reimbursement may be inappropriate, such as: where there was an agreement between the parties that the payment would not be reimbursed; where the paying spouse truly intended the payment to constitute a gift; where the pa yment was made on account of a debt for an asset which the paying spouse was using and the amount paid was not substantially in excess of the value of the use; or where the payment constituted in reality a discharge of the paying spouse\rquote s duty to support the other spouse or a dependent child of the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134418\charrsid9922638 Epstein}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134418\charrsid9922638 , 592 P.2d at 1170.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 34}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 In the instant case, Antonette concedes that Evangelis used his separate funds to pay }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368850\charrsid9922638 off}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 the mortgage after the parties had separated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1134418\charrsid9922638 There being no evidence of an agreement that the payments would not be reimbursed or that they constituted a gift}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4479750\charrsid9922638 , and likewise no evidence or allegation that the payments were in reality a discharge of Evangelis\rquote duty to support Antonette, under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4479750\charrsid9922638 Epstein}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 Evangelis was entitled to credit or reimbursement for half of the payments he made on the residence after separation of the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14092964\charrsid9922638 Evangelis is only entitled to a reimbursement of one-half of the amount paid from his separate property, because one-half of the community debt was his obligation stemming from the marriage.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 The trial court, however, denied him such }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 relief}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 , stating, \'93As the Court finds Husband at fault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8925117\charrsid9922638 [,]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 all expenditures to preserve the marital residence from diminution and foreclosure will not be charged against the Wife.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8008536\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 at 9 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8925117\charrsid9922638 Am. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6100825\charrsid9922638 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481533\charrsid9922638 The question now is whether the trial court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7368850\charrsid9922638 may}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481533\charrsid9922638 deny Evangelis credit or reimbursement for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 his}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11481533\charrsid9922638 post-separation contributions on the basis of its finding Evangelis at fault due to extreme cruelty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14428249\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 35}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 Generally, upon divorce, community property is divided equally between the parties.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 However, if a divorce decree is rendered on the ground of adultery or extreme cruelty, the trial court has the discretion to distribute the community property to the parties in such proportions as the court may deem just.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 8411(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 In the instant case, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 although }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 the trial court found Evangel}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 is at fault for extreme cruelty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 , it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 did not award Antonette a greater share of the community property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 outright}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 Instead, the court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 denied Evangelis reimbursement or credit for the mortgage payments }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16343258\charrsid9922638 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 other payments}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16343258\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 he made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16343258\charrsid9922638 to maintain}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 the marital residence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10248434\charrsid9922638 after separation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 , thus allowing Antonette the benefit of not having to pay her share of those }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 obligations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829146\charrsid9922638 We find the trial court\rquote s ruling in this regard to be reversible error.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 36}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6059075\charrsid9922638 It is a well-settled rule in California that the community property to be divided upon dissolution of marriage is the re sidue which remains after the discharge of the community obligations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 Wong v. Super. Ct. (Wong)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 , 54 Cal. R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392955\charrsid9922638 ptr. 782}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15338938\charrsid9922638 , 784}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5392955\charrsid9922638 (Ct. App. 1966); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14570141\charrsid9922638 see also }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 Hill v. Hill}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 , 309 P.2d 44, 47 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1957) ([T]he community property, . . . in reality consists of the net after payment of community debts.\'94)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 ;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 McKannay v. McKannay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 , 230 P. 214, 217 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1924) (\'93Before a division of the community property can be made legally, the nature of [any] debts must be definitely ascertained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 If it be determined as a fact that they are community debts, then they should be deducted from the gross value of the community property, before a division thereof is made.\'94)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4327285\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6059075\charrsid9922638 This rule is reflected in Guam\rquote s community property laws.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6059075\charrsid9922638 Title 19 GCA \'a7 6104(a) provides: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6059075\charrsid9922638 Com munity debts shall be satisfied first from all community property and all property in which the spouses own an undivided equal interest as joint tenants or tenants in common, excluding the residence of the spouses.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6059075\charrsid9922638 Should such property be insufficient, community debts shall then be satisfied from the residence of the spouses.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13047736\charrsid9922638 Should such property be insufficient, only the separate property of the spouse who contracted or incurred the debt shall be liable for its satisfaction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13047736\charrsid9922638 If both spouses contracted or incurred the debt, the separate property of both spouses is jointly and severally liable for its satisfaction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13047736 \par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13047736\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6104(a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 37}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid598032\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 \'93Community debt\'94 is defined as \'93a debt contracted or incurred by either or both spouses during marriage which is not a separate debt.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6102(b) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12546752\charrsid9922638 Section 6102(a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 ) defines \'93separate debt\'94 as:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 (1) a debt contracted or incurred by a spouse before marriage or after entry of a decree of dissolution of marriage;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 (2) a debt contracted or incurred by a spouse after entry of a decree entered pursuant to \'a78401 of this Title unless the decree provides otherwise; \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 (3) a debt designated as a separate debt of a spouse by a judgment or decree of any court having jurisdiction; \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 (4) a debt contracted by a spouse during marriage which is identified by a spouse to the creditor in writing at the time of its creation as the separate debt of the contracting spouse; or \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid948050\charrsid9922638 (5) a debt which arises from a tort committed by a spouse before mar riage or after entry of a decree of dissolution of marriage, a tort committed by one spouse against the other spouse or a separate tort committed during marriage. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12546752\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6102(a). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 38}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 In light of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6104(a)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 the long-standing California}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16343258\charrsid9922638 rule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 that the community property to be divided upon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 divorce }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 is that which remains after the satisfaction of community debt, we hold that before a disposition of community property can be made under 19 GCA \'a7 8411, the nature of any debts mus}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 t be definitely ascertained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 S}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 hould there be any community debts, those debts shall be deducted from the gross value of any community property before such property is divided between the parties.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 Any disproportionate distribution due to a finding of adultery or extreme cruelty shall only be made on the community property remaining after all community debts have either been satisfied or otherwise accounted for in the valuation of the net community property. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 39}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 In the instant case, the mortgage on the residence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 a community debt because it was incurred by both parties during the marriage and did not otherwise meet one of the five types of separate debt under section 6102(a).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 Thus, although title to the residence was taken in joint tenancy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9204766\charrsid9922638 and therefore the separate property of the parties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 , the mortgage }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 and other obligations }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 on the residence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 community obligation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16743407\charrsid9922638 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 subject to satisfaction according to 19 GCA \'a7 6104.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12327252\charrsid9922638 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16653351\charrsid9922638 ather than the outright assignment to Evangelis of all community debt, the trial court instead should have deducted the debt from the gross value of the community property and then divided the remaining community property as it deemed just under 19 GCA \'a7 8411(a).}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9266580\charrsid9922638 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2507806 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs19\super\insrsid9982256 \chftn }{\insrsid9982256 }{ \insrsid2507806 }{\insrsid9982256 Although the trial court ordered Evangelis to pay all community debts, he does not argue on appeal that he should be relieved of paying any of these debts and instead only argues that he should be reimbursed or otherwise compensated for his post-separation payments on the residence. Thus, we will not require the trial court to reconsid er, in light of our holding that community debts must first be satisfied from community property, its order requiring Evangelis to pay all community debts insofar as those debts are not part of his prayer for relief on appeal.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12327252\charrsid9922638 If the community property is insufficient to satisfy the community debt, then the court should deduct it from the parties\rquote separate property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8663931\charrsid9922638 pursuant to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12327252\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 6104(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16653351\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 0}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16653351\charrsid9922638 It is important to note that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12546752\charrsid9922638 the trial court did not make a specific finding as to whether its order requiring Evangelis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 \'93to pay all community debts,\'94 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8008536\charrsid9922638 , tab A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 at 9 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2507806\charrsid9922638 Am. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 Finds. Fact & Concl. L.),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12546752\charrsid9922638 contemplated the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16653351\charrsid9922638 mortgage as one of those debts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16653351\charrsid9922638 Indeed,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12546752\charrsid9922638 it appears from the record that at the time of trial, the e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 ntire mortgage obligation had been paid off.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829146\charrsid9922638 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1010676\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11829146\charrsid9922638 , vol. 2 at 83 (Cont. Bench Trial).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15418267\charrsid9922638 Thus, it is quite likely that the trial court\rquote s reference to \'93community debts\'94 did not include the mortgage.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid879876\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1181009\charrsid9922638 Even if the mortgage was not included under the court\rquote s order that Evangelis pay all the community debt, it was nonetheless error for the court to deny Evangelis credit or reimbursement on the basis of his extreme cruelty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 As conceded by Antonette, the post-separation payments on the mortgage were made from Evangelis\rquote separate property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid879876\charrsid9922638 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2378381\charrsid9922638 \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 In a divorce action, the court does not have the authority to award any of the separate property of one spouse to the other.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2378381\charrsid9922638 \'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 Machado v. Machado}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 , 58 Cal. 2d 501, 507 (1962); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848113\charrsid9922638 Miller v. Miller}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848113\charrsid9922638 , 38 Cal. Rptr. 571, 573 (Ct. App. 1964); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 see also Hart}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 , 2008 Guam 11 24 n.16 (\'93[T]he court generally has jurisdiction to divide only the community estate . . . .\'94 (quoting 33 Cal. Jur. 3d }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 Family Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 \'a7 754)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411 reflects this rule, as it authorizes the trial court to divide the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 community }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 property and makes no mention of the division of the parties\rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 separate }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466188\charrsid9922638 property except to require that a homestead selected from the separate property of one spouse be assigned to that spouse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 19 GCA \'a7 8411.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379\charrsid9922638 By denying Evangelis credit or reimbursement for the post-separation payments, the trial court in effect awarded Antonette half of those payments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid879876\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4486306\charrsid9922638 Because the denial of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid879876\charrsid9922638 reimbursement or credit was in essence an award of Evangelis\rquote separate property to Antonette, the trial court erred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8135379 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712131\charrsid9922638 C.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 Other }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712131\charrsid9922638 I}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 ssues on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5712131\charrsid9922638 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 ppeal.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [4}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 2}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9266580\charrsid9922638 W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 e need not reach Evangelis\rquote remaining }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9266580\charrsid9922638 issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146269\charrsid9922638 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 regarding the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11482050\charrsid9922638 trial court\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 consideration of an expunged matter and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11482050\charrsid9922638 its}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 failure to consider }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 his }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 post-traumatic stress disorder in its finding of extreme cruelty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 because }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146269\charrsid9922638 our holdings regarding the division of property are not predicated on fault and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 no other property that was divided based on fault is at issue in this appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14564213\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 V.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 CONCLUSION \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 43}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11482050\charrsid9922638 We hold that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2243359\charrsid9922638 under the plain language of 19 GCA \'a7 6101(a)(8), a spouse\rquote s undivided interest in property }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 owned by the spouses as joint tenants is the separate property of such spouse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15354295\charrsid9922638 The spouses\rquote act of taking title to property as joint tenants raises an inference of a gift of the funds used to acquire the property, which cannot be rebutted solely by tracing the source of the funds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 Thus, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269243\charrsid9922638 here, where the marital residence is held by the parties a s joint tenants and tracing is the only means by which Evangelis challenges the inference of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2378381\charrsid9922638 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269243\charrsid9922638 gift, we find that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484441\charrsid9922638 Evangelis and Antonette each ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484441\charrsid9922638 an undivided one-half separate property interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 in the residence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137617\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 Evangelis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186448\charrsid9922638 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1137617\charrsid9922638 therefore}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186448\charrsid9922638 not entitled to reimbursement for his separate funds }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 used }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5186448\charrsid9922638 to acquire the residence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 Accordingly, we }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 AFFIRM}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7484855\charrsid9922638 albeit on different grounds }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 the trial court\rquote s denial of reimbursement to Evangelis in this regard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 44}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 We also }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 AFFIRM}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 the trial court\rquote s denial of reimbursement or credit to Evangelis for any separate property contributions he may have made }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503088\charrsid9922638 toward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 the improvements and f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503088\charrsid9922638 urniture for the residence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503088\charrsid9922638 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 here was no evidence that Evangelis expected to be reimbursed for these contributions, and in any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503088\charrsid9922638 event}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3503088\charrsid9922638 he failed to adequately trace the purchases}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5050724\charrsid9922638 to his separate property.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15886350\charrsid9922638 45}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15871122\charrsid9922638 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868807\charrsid9922638 Evangelis used his separate funds to make payments on the residence aft}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 er }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059872\charrsid9922638 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2166917\charrsid9922638 separation of the parties and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868807\charrsid9922638 was entitled to credit or reimbursement notwithstanding the trial court\rquote s finding that he was at fault due to extreme cruelty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868807\charrsid9922638 The separate property nature of the payments placed them outside the realm of the trial court\rquote s authority to make a disproportionate division based on fault.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11294982\charrsid9922638 As the trial court premised its denial of Evangelis\rquote right to reimbursement }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868807\charrsid9922638 or credit }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11294982\charrsid9922638 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12868807\charrsid9922638 these payments}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11294982\charrsid9922638 on its finding of extre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 me cruelty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11294982\charrsid9922638 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 the trial court erred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 Accordingly, that part of the judgment is }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 REVERSED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 We }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 REMAND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 to the trial court to apply}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12087153\charrsid9922638 to those payments at issue in this appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78289\charrsid9922638 the ge neral rule that a spouse who, after separation of the parties, uses his or her separate funds to pay preexisting community obligations is entitled to reimbursement upon divorce, and to make any other findings consistent with this opinion.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484441\charrsid9922638 \par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198542\charrsid9922638 SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198542\charrsid9922638 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4175\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4945\clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4981542 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 _______________ \cell \cell _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 _________________\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4175\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4945\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9922638 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4981542 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4175\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4945\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9922638 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 Associate Justice\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4981542 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9922638 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 Associate Justice\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9922638\charrsid9922638 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts26\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid9922638\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4175\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx4945\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3192\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9922638 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198542\charrsid9922638 \par \par _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198542\charrsid9922638 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198542\charrsid9922638 _________________ \par ROBERT J. TORRES \par Chief Justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13637154\charrsid9922638 \par }}