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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Plaintiff-Appellee,
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Defendant-Appellant.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
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\par Superior Court Case No. CF0121-09}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 December 30, 2010
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\par Argued and submitted December 3, 2010
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 :
\par F. Randall Cunliffe, Esq.
\par Cunliffe & Cook, PC
\par 210 Archbishop F.B. Flores St.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 For Plaintiff-Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 :
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Marianne Woloschuk, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Esq.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Office of the Attorney General
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 287 W O\rquote Brien Dr.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96932\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 
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\par BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice, KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 CARBULLIDO, J.
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Defendant-Appellant Lester Anastacio (\'93Anastacio\'94
) and his co-defendant Tyrone Teliu (\'93Teliu\'94) were indicted on March 19, 2009, by a Superior Court grand jury on charges of Attempted Murder, Aggravated Assault with Possession and Use of a Deadly
 Weapon, Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault, Criminal Facilitation, Assault, and Harassment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
During a jury trial, the trial court dismissed the charge of Criminal Facilitation, and the remaining charges went to the jury for verdict. The jury found Ana
stacio guilty of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault, Assault, and Harassment, and found him not guilty of Attempted Murder and Aggravated Assault with Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Anastacio was sentenced to a total of eleven years and sixty days in prison \endash 
 ten years for the Conspiracy charge, one year for the Assault charge, and sixty days for the Harassment charge, all to be served consecutively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Judgment of Conviction was entered on the docket on March 
22, 2010, and Anastacio timely appealed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Anastacio raises four issues on appeal: (1) that there was insufficient evidence to convict on all charges; (2) that the charge of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault does not allege a crime; (3) that the crimes
 for which he was convicted merge; and (4) that the trial court erred in failing to sentence him according to first offender guidelines.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the Assault conviction and vacate the Conspiracy and Harassment convictions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 I. Factual and Procedural History}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 At some time in the early morning hours of March 7, 2009, Johanes Temengil was found severely beaten at the home in which he was living, which belonged to Melii Diaz, Anastacio\rquote 
s mother. Guam Police Department officers eventually arrested and charged Teliu and Anastacio in connection with the beating. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
A Superior Court grand jury later returned an indictment against Teliu and Anastacio.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 This indictment charged Anastacio as follows:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge One:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ATTEMPTED MURDER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge Two:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, Special Allegation Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge Three:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT AGGRAVATED ASSAULT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge Four:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 CRIMINAL FACILITATION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge Five:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ASSAULT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Charge Six:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 HARASSMENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93ER\'94) at 1-3 (Indictment, Mar. 19, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 During the course of the investigation, Anastacio\rquote 
s co-defendant, Teliu, allegedly made a statement to police that included statements about Anastacio.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Based on this, Anastacio filed a motion to sever, arguing that Teliu\rquote s statement contained references to Anastacio, which, if offered, would affect Anastacio\rquote s rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The People opposed the severance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The parties later came to a compromise,
 which the trial court accepted, that instead of a severance, the People would redact all reference to Anastacio in Teliu\rquote s statement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The trial court proceeded with a jury trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Anastacio moved for a judgment of acquittal at the close of the People\rquote 
s case-in-chief, which the court granted as to the charge of Criminal Facilitation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Anastacio also filed a motion to dismiss the charge of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault, which the court denied without a written order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The People thereafter filed an Amended Indictment deleting the Criminal Facilitation charge that the trial court acquitted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
At the close of all the evidence, Anastacio renewed his motion for a judgment of acquittal, which the trial court denied.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 After deli
berations, the jury returned its verdict, finding Anastacio not guilty of Attempted Murder and Aggravated Assault with Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The jury found Anastacio guilty of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated A
ssault, Assault, and Harassment. Thereafter, Anastacio again moved the court for an acquittal, which the court denied orally without issuing any written decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
During the sentencing hearing, Anastacio argued that certain crimes merged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The court h
eard some of the matters at the first sentencing hearing, but then twice continued the sentencing hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
At the last hearing, the trial court sentenced Anastacio to a total of eleven years and sixty days in prison.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Judgment was filed and entered on the docket.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Anastacio filed a timely Notice of Appeal. Anastacio has been incarcerated since the time of his arrest in March 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 II. Jurisdiction}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
This court has jurisdiction over this appeal from a final judgment in a criminal case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 48 U.S.C.A. \'a7
 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw current through Pub. L. 111-264 (2010), 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b) (2005); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  8 GCA \'a7
 130.15(a) (2005) (permitting defendant's appeal from a final judgment of conviction).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 III. Standard of Review}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Where a defendant has raised the issue of sufficiency of evidence by motion for acquittal in the trial court, the denial of the motion is reviewed }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Maysho}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2005 Guam 4 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Whether the charge of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault lawfully alleges a crime is a question of law reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See People v. Angoco}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 1996 WL 875777 at *3 (D. Guam A.D.);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Chargualaf}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 1989 WL 265040 at *2 (D. Guam A.D.) (questions of law and issues of statutory interpretation are reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 \'93Whether one offense merges with
 another for purposes of punishment is a question of statutory interpretation. . . . reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Diaz}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2007 Guam 3 \'b6
 10 (internal quotation and citations omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Whether 9 GCA \'a7 80.30(b) mandates that first offenders shall not be sentenc
ed to more than eight years for a second degree felony is an issue of statutory interpretation subject to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Mendiola v. Bell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2009 Guam 15 \'b6 11.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 IV. Discussion}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The charge of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault does
 not allege a crime.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The crime underlying the Conspiracy charge is Aggravated Assault, which, as charged, is established by proof that a person recklessly causes or attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another in circumstances manifesting extre
me indifference to the value of human life.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(1) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Anastacio argues that one cannot conspire \endash  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 which is a specific intent offense}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  \endash  to commit a reckless act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Guam\rquote 
s conspiracy statute is based on the Model Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  9 GCA \'a7
 13.30, Source, citing M.P.C. \'a7 5.03(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 In the case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
State v. Donohue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , the New Hampshire Supreme Court addressed the conviction of a defendant for reckless second-degree assault and conspiracy to commit second-degree assault.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 834 A.2d 253, 254 (N.H. 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 There, the court discussed at length the legal impossibility of conspiring to do a reckless act, citing to commentary in the Model Penal Code.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 256.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Donohue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  court stated:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 A person cannot be guilty of conspiracy to commit a reckless assault 
because an assault, like a reckless manslaughter, is controlled by the resulting harm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Cf. Etzweiler,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  125 N.H. at 66-67, 480 A.2d 870; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Model Penal Code}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  
\'a7 5.03 comment 2(c)(i) at 408.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 In other words, a person cannot agree, in advance, to commit a reckless a
ssault, because, by definition, a reckless assault only arises once a future harm results from reckless behavior.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See Model Penal Code}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  \'a7 5.03 comment 2(c)(i) at 408.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
In this case, since there was no agreement to cause the particular harm that resulted, the defendant cannot be guilty of conspiracy to commit reckless assault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 {\*\bkmkstart Document1zzB72003719974}{\*\bkmkend Document1zzB72003719974}
Accordingly, we adopt the view of the Model Penal Code that one cannot conspire to commit a crime where the culpability is based upon the result of reckless conduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 257-58.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See also the cases of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 United States v. Mitlof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, 165 F. Supp. 2d 558, 563-64 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Commonwealth v. Weimer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ,}{
\cs18\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s17\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\super\insrsid12714206 \chftn }{\insrsid12714206  The }{\i\insrsid12714206\charrsid6902685 Weimer}{\insrsid12714206  dissent in particular offered a very persuasive review of 
case law from various jurisdictions \endash  such as Colorado, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Connecticut, Arizona, Kansas, and Georgia \endash 
 as well as commentary from secondary sources supporting the rationale proffered by Anastacio, that one cannot be legally charged with conspiring to commit an unintentional or reckless act.  }{\i\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 Weimer}{\insrsid12714206 
, 977 A.2d at 1113-14.  The }{\i\insrsid12714206\charrsid468039 Weimer}{\insrsid12714206  dissent stated:
\par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12714206 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 As previously}{\b\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{
\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 noted, Pennsylvania}{\fs20\insrsid12714206 \rquote }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 s}{\b\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
conspiracy statute is derived from the Model Penal Code. The American Law Institute, in its Commentary to the Model Penal Code, explained:}{\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
when recklessness or negligence suffices for the actor's culpability with respect to a result element of a substantive crime, as for example, homicide through negligence is made criminal, there could not be a conspiracy to commit that crime. }{
\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 This should be distinguished, however, from a crime defined in terms of conduct that creates a risk of harm, such as reckless driving or driving above a certain speed limit. }{
\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 In this situation the conduct rather than any result it m
ay produce is the element of the crime, and it would suffice for guilt of conspiracy that the actor's purpose was to promote or facilitate such conduct-for example, if he urged the driver of the car to go faster and faster.}{
\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 HYPERLINK "http://www.westlaw.co
m/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1002069&DocName=ULPNCOS5.03&FindType=L"}{\insrsid4087166\charrsid288649 {\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b0200000003000000e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90bdc00000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e0077006500730074006c00610077002e0063006f006d002f00460069006e0064002f00440065006600610075006c0074002e0077006c003f0072007300
3d0064006600610031002e0030002600760072003d0032002e0030002600440042003d003100300030003200300036003900260044006f0063004e0061006d0065003d0055004c0050004e0043004f00530035002e00300033002600460069006e00640054007900700065003d004c000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc4
85276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 Model Penal Code \'a7 5.03}}}{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649  cmt. 2(c)(i) at 408 (Official Draft and Revised Comments 1985).}{\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 In his treatise on criminal law, Wayne R. LaFave also opined that, because conspiracy is a specific intent crime, it is not possible to conspire to commit a crime that results from an unintended consequence:}{
\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri1440\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 the fact that conspiracy requires an intent to a
chieve a certain objective means that individuals who have together committed a certain crime have not necessarily participated in a conspiracy to commit that crime...}{\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
It follows, therefore, that there is no such thing as a conspiracy to commit a crime which is defined in terms of recklessly or negligently causing a result.}{\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 Wayne R. LaFave, }{\i\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 Criminal Law,}{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649  \'a7
 12.2(c), at 630 (4th ed.}{\fs20\insrsid12714206  }{\fs20\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 2003).}{\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 
\par }\pard\plain \s17\qj \li0\ri-720\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\insrsid12714206\charrsid288649 Weimer}{\insrsid12714206 , 977 A.2d at 1112-13.}}}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  977 A.2d 1103, 1112-14 (Todd, J., dissenting) (Pa. 2009), which outline and summarize the l
aws of various jurisdictions and the Model Penal Code with respect to the logical impossibility of conspiring to commit an act for which the mental state is recklessness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The People argue in their brief that recklessness in }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  as required by the Aggravated Assault charge, is a higher mental state than mere recklessness and more akin to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 knowingly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 purposely,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 thus sufficing to serve as the criminal objective of the conspiracy charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s Br. at 22-23 (Oct. 18, 2010).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
However, the case cited by the People as support for their contention that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  elevates the mental state to knowingly or purposely, namely }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 State v. Mott}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, 2008 WL 2781429 (Vt. 2008), is an unpublished disposition that expressly notes that it is not to be considered as precedent before any tribunal. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Other authority referenced in the People}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s brief on the issue of the mental state for Aggravated Assault simply stand for the conclusion that the language }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  demands a higher degree of proof than mere recklessness, which would allow the defendant if convicted to be subjected to a harsher penalty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(1) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 In the case of }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 O}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Brien v. State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , for example, wherein the defendant was convicted of aggravated assault and battery, the Wyoming Supreme Court stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Th
e Commentaries addressing aggravated assault and battery state that this special character of recklessness, or extreme recklessness, is designed to more severely punish battery where the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s state of mind would have justified a murder conviction had his victim not fortuitously lived. \'a7 211.1(2)(a) cmt. 4, at 189.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 By adopting}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 {\*\bkmkstart sp_4645_232}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_232}{\*\bkmkstart citeas__Cite_as__45_P_3d_225___232_}
{\*\bkmkend sp_4645_232}{\*\bkmkend SDU_232}{\*\bkmkend citeas__Cite_as__45_P_3d_225___232_} }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 the Model Penal Code}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s term, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 recklessly,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  to justify a lesser punishment for assault and battery, the Wyoming Legislature plainly intended to distinguish between }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 recklessly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  in the same manner as had the Model Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 We, th
erefore, determine that O}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Brien correctly asserts that the jury was not properly instructed when it was provided with the statutory definition of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 recklessly}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  without further proper instruction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 45 P.3d 225, 231-32 (Wyo. 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The court went on to hold:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
We hold, therefore, that, in an aggravated assault and battery trial, the jury should be given an instruction defining }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
reckless under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  rather than just }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 reckless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 as happened in O}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Brien}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
That definition will provide the statutory definition of reckless but must include language explaining that if the jury determines the defendant acted recklessly, the jury must then determine whether that recklessness rose to the level of }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 232 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
From this and other cases cited by the People, it cannot be said that the required mental state of recklessness in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 means something more than an elevated determination that the jury must make in order to convict.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 9 GCA \'a7
 19.20(a)(1). It does not transform the offense itself from one that is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 controlled by the resulting harm}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  into an intentional, purposeful, or knowing act for purposes of serving as a legitimate object of a criminal conspiracy.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See Donohue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ,}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 834 A.2d at 257; 9 GCA \'a7 4.30(a)-(c) (Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s statute on culpable mental states); Model Penal Code \'a7 2.02(2)(a)-(c) (Kinds of Culpability Defined).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 None of the cases cited by the People express any convincing rationale in support of the People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s assertion on this point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Further, we find the rationale pronounced in cases such as }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Donohue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  and the dissent in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Weimer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  to be more reasonable and more consistent with Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s criminal statutes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
We hold that, as a matter of law, one cannot conspire to commit an offense for which recklessness is the mental state.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
As such, the offense of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault as charged by the People in this case does not allege a crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Accordingly, Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s conviction for Aggravated Assault is reversed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Sufficiency of the Evidence}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Because we reverse Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s conviction for Conspiracy to Commit A
ggravated Assault for failure to allege a crime, we need not address whether sufficient evidence was presented to sustain his conviction on this charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Although we have previously held that even if a defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s conviction can be vacated on other grounds, if the defendant also raises sufficiency of the evidence as one ground, the court must consider this argument because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 a finding of insufficiency would result in acquittal rather than a less favorable outcome to the defendant, such as vacating the conviction and exposing him to possible retrial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Tennessen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2009 Guam 3 \'b6 11, citing }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Justices of Boston Mun. Ct. v. Lydon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 466 U.S. 294, 321-22 (1984).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Here, however, we have found that the Conspiracy charge is a legal impossibility \endash  a finding that would result in Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s acquittal and would not expose him to retrial on that charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Thus, our reversal of the Conspiracy conviction does not create the potential for harm to Anastacio that would require the court to evaluate the sufficiency of the evidence for this charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 We turn to whether there was sufficient evidence from which the jury could have convicted Anastacio for the offenses of Assault and Harassment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Anastacio moved for a judgment of acquittal on all charges, and argued that the People did not present sufficient evidence to convict him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 We review }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 de novo }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
whether the trial court erred in denying Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s motion for acquittal}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Maysho}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2005 Guam 4 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
In doing so, our inquiry is whether, crediting all of the People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s evide
nce and drawing every reasonable inference from it in favor of the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could find Anastacio guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Maysho}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2005 Guam 4 \'b6 8; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Guerrero,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 2003 Guam 18 \'b6 13.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 This court does not a
sk itself whether it believes that the evidence at trial established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Yingling}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 , 2009 Guam 11 \'b6 14, citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Quintanilla}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, 2001 Guam 12 \'b6 37.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Rather, our review must }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 give [] full play to the responsibility o
f the trier of fact fairly to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Jesus, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 2009 Guam 2 \'b6 60, citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Jackson v. Virginia, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 While c
ircumstantial evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 see Chargualaf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, 1989 WL 265040 at *4, juries must not be allowed to convict on mere suspicion and innuendo.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 United States v. Littrell,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  574 F.2d 828, 833 (5th Cir. 1978), citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 United States v. Palacios,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  556 F.2d 1359, 1365 (5th Cir. 1977).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 We address each conviction in turn.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 1. Assault}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Our inquiry here is whether any rational juror could find each essential element of Assault beyond a reasonable doubt for the statutory crime of Assault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The People charged that Anastacio recklessly caused bodily injury to Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ER at 1-3 (Indictment); ER at 5-7 (Amended Indictment, Sept. 17, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The statutory basis for this charge is 9 GCA \'a7 19.30(a)(1), which provides that a person is guilty of assault if he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
recklessly causes or attempts to cause bodily injury to another.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 9GCA \'a7 19.30(a)(1) (2005).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 There was no direct evidence presented at trial from any of the People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s twelve witnesses that Anastacio ever caused bodily injury to Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Because there was no direct evidence to support a finding of these elements, we turn to the circumstantial evidence proffered by the People.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Rolmii Aderkroi testified that she awoke in the early morning hours of March 7, 2009 and had a bad feeling.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She stated that she drove to the home of her sister, Melii Diaz, before 6:00 a.m. and found that no cars were there and the door was not locked.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She testified that she entered the house to the smell of blood and eventually found Temengil beaten and bloody.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She said that she gave him water to drink and then left the house to call Diaz and an ambulance.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She gave a general description of the condition of the house and the appearance of Temengil.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Aderkroi also testified that at about noon that day, her nephew, Anastacio, came to her house and asked her to switch cars with him because his car had no gas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She later determined that Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s car was indeed out of gas.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She informed Anastacio that the police were looking for him and that he should turn himself in.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She said that he told her he was going to visit his wife and baby and then he would turn himself in.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 At about 3:20 that same afternoon, she said she was pulled over by police while driving Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s car.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She stated that she believes her boyfriend, 
who was in the car with her, told the police that Anastacio mentioned something about going to Eagle Field.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Transcripts (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, at 37-61 (Jury Trial, Sept. 10, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Melii Diaz, Anastacio}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s mother, testified that she woke up on the morning of March 7, 2009, between 5:00 and 6:00 a.m. to prepare to go to the flea market.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She said that at some point in that time span, Anastacio and Teliu came to the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She said the Teliu went to the kitchen and began to eat fish, and that Anastacio went to his bedroom initially.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 She said that Anastacio then came out of his room and knocked on the door of the bedroom where Temengil was staying.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 21 (Jury Trial, Sept. 11, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
She said she saw Temengil open the door and then heard Temengil and Anastacio talking as she left the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 at 22.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Further, Guam 
Police Department officer Ephraim Amaguin testified that he located Anastacio sleeping in a truck near Eagle Field, and that he placed him in handcuffs while another officer arrested him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 71-75 (Jury Trial, Sept. 14, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 He stated that Anastacio}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s right knuckles were swollen and had some abrasions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  at 75-76.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 He also testified that he saw what he thought was blood on Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s forearm, and that Anastacio resisted being swabbed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  at 77.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Through questioning by Anastacio}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s counsel, Officer Amaguin testified that another police officer was able to take swabs of areas of suspected blood on Anastacio.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 80.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Defense counsel also showed Officer Amaguin photographs taken of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s hands, depicted while still in handcuffs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Officer Ama
guin agreed that the photos showed no apparent swelling of the knuckles as he earlier described, although Officer Amaguin blamed the angle of the photographs as the reason the swelling was not apparent in the photographs.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 47-50 (Jury Trial, Sept. 17, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Officer Terlaje testified that he was the police officer who arrested Anastacio.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 He said that Anastacio denied knowing what happened.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 According to Officer Terlaje, Anastacio said that he was not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 there}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  but was rather with an unidentified co
usin. Tr. at 88, 96 (Jury Trial, Sept. 14, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Defense counsel later elicited testimony from Officer Terlaje that Anastacio was also being questioned for another suspected assault in addition to the assault on Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Officer Terlaje testified that Anastacio was initially cooperative when questioned about another suspected assault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 However, when Officer Terlaje told Anastacio that he was also being questioned for assaulting Temengil, Anastacio became upset and uncooperative.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 105-106.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [27]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Offi
cer Terlaje testified further that the knuckles on both of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s hands were swollen.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Officer Terlaje requested another officer to swab areas of suspected blood on Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s hands.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 100.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 He said that Anastacio spit o
n his hands and rubbed them together, saying }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 you}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 re not going to get anything from me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Tr. at 101 (Jury Trial, Sept. 14, 2009). He stated that Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s hands did get swabbed and photographed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 106.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 There was no testimony that what was swabbed from Anastacio was in fact blood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [28]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Officer Jerome Andrew testified about oral statements allegedly made by Teliu.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Although these statements could not be used against Anastacio, Teliu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s statement was that he (Teliu) struck and beat Temengil.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 9-12; 12-13 (Jury Trial, Sept. 15, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The People argue that Anastacio}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s presence at the scene of the assault at or around the relevant time, as testified to by Diaz and Temengil, the relatively short time frame when the beating could have taken place 
(between the time Diaz left the house and the time Aderkroi arrived), and Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s swollen knuckles, together with his subsequent actions \endash  such as trading cars with Aderkroi and trying to resist having his hands swabbed for suspected blood \endash  are all ci
rcumstantial evidence from which the jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Anastacio assaulted Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s Br. at 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Anastacio points out that the trial court at sentencing declared on the record that Anastacio did not ever actually strike Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The trial court stated: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [Y]ou had influence on him (Teliu) being older and wiser.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 And so, the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
. . . sees that you are more responsible than Mr. Telium (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 sic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Although, you did not actually hit the victim, you used Mr. Teliu as a weapon to hit the victim. . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 7 (Sentencing, Jan. 26, 2010).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The trial court also stated that although Anastacio did not actually hit the victim, he was charged by a jury of his peers that he conspired to hurt a person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Even if the t
rial court apparently did not believe that Anastacio struck Temengil, based on the applicable standard of review deferential to the jury verdict, the circumstantial evidence presented on the entire record }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 could}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  arguably lead a rational trier of fact to deduce that Anastacio recklessly caused bodily injury to Temengil.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 As such, the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s denial of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s motion for acquittal on the Assault charge was not in error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 2. Harassment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The same evidence proffered to support the charge of Assa
ult is what arguably supports the charge of Harassment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The difference is the culpable mental state required \endash 
 Assault requires only recklessness, while Harassment requires intent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
An essential element of the Harassment charge is that Anastacio subjected Temengil to striking and other offensive touching }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 with the intent}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  to harass him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 125-126 (Jury Trial, Sept. 21, 2009);}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ER at 1-3 (Indictment); ER at 5-7 (Amended Indictment).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The jury instruction given on intent is that a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to his conduct, or to a result thereof, when it is his }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 conscious purpose to engage in the conduct or cause the result}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Tr. at 116 (Jury Trial, Sept. 21, 2009) (emphasis added).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s brief does not specify what evidence supports a finding of intent sufficient to support a conviction for Harassment, and Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s argument on this point goes only to the claimed lack of evidence that Anastacio }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 struck}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  Temengil, without addressing proof (or lack thereof) of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 intent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s Br. at 19;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s Br. at 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
While there was no direct evidence of intent to harass, intent may be proved by circumstantial evidence based on a defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s conduct leading up to the crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 In the California case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Peop
le v. Phillips}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, for example, a defendant was charged with indecent exposure and annoying or molesting a child, which required a jury to find that he intended that some child observe his conduct of masturbating in a car.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 116 Cal. Rptr. 3d 401, 412 (Cal. Ct. App. 2010).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
There, the court found that circumstantial evidence such as the kind of vehicle in which defendant was parked, where he was parked in relation to the children, and the time of day were sufficient circumstant
ial evidence that defendant intended that some child observe his conduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 . at 410; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 see also United States v. Castaldi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
, 547 F.3d 699, 705-06 (7th Cir. 2008) (finding that evidence of defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s knowledge of the by-laws and procedures of the victim-organ
izations he allegedly defrauded, which prohibited writing checks to himself from the organizations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 accounts, was sufficient circumstantial evidence to prove his intent to defraud); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 People v. Mabayag, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
1984 WL 48855 at *2 (D. Guam A.D.) (finding that evidence of defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s year-long pattern of misappropriation of public funds of an association and evidence that defendant substituted checks to thwart discovery of the misappropriation was sufficient circumstantial evidence to prove his intent to permanently d
eprive the association of the funds ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
In this case, however, there is no such circumstantial evidence of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 intent to harass}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  Temengil by subjecting him to striking and other offensive touching, even crediting the People}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s circumstantial evidence that Anastacio }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 struck}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  Temengil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Accordingly, we find that there was insufficient evidence from which a rational juror could have found each element of the Harassment charge beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The trial court therefore erred in its denial of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
s motion for acquittal of the Harassment charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 V. }{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Conclusion
}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
We hold as a matter of law that the charge against Anastacio of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault does not allege a crime, based on the rationale discussed in 
comments to the Model Penal Code and other persuasive authority that one cannot conspire to commit a reckless act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 We reject the People}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s argument that the statutory language of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
 transforms the required mental state from reckless to something more akin to intentional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
We further find that there was sufficient evidence from which a rational trier of fact could find Anastacio guilty of Assault beyond a reasonable doubt, but there was insufficient evidence of Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s guilt as to the Harassment charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
The Judgment of Conviction is therefore }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 VACATED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  in part and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 AFFIRMED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  in part.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 The matter is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 REMANDED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206  
with instructions to the trial court to enter an acquittal for Anastacio on the charges of Conspiracy to Commit Aggravated Assault and Harassment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033\charrsid12714206 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
Because Anastacio stands convicted of only Assault, the court need not reach Anastacio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s arguments rela
tive to the merger of offenses pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7 1.22 and the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 s failure to sentence Anastacio pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7
 80.31.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 __________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
/s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 _______________}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 _________________}{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 _________________
\par F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033                        }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN
\par Associate Justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13452033                                                  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 Associate Justice

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12714206 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13452033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 
/s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714206\charrsid12714206 ___________________
\par ROBERT J. TORRES
\par Chief Justice
\par }}