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\rsid16666828\rsid16722255}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\title People v. Manley, CRA09-003}{\subject People v. Manley, CRA09-003}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator raikatalau_l}{\creatim\yr2010\mo12\dy21\hr9} {\revtim\yr2010\mo12\dy21\hr16\min38}{\printim\yr2010\mo12\dy15\hr15\min9}{\version18}{\edmins53}{\nofpages8}{\nofwords5562}{\nofchars31710}{\*\manager Judiciary of Guam}{\*\company Government of Guam}{\*\category criminal}{\nofcharsws37198}{\vern24689}} \margl1440\margr1440\margb1008 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace120\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow2\dgvshow2 \jexpand\viewkind5\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot1595363 \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12195966 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12195966 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12195966 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid12195966 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \psz1\sbknone\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3607174\sftnbj {\header \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqr\tx9360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3607174 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid12195966 People v. Manley}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 , Opinion\tab }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid1446504 Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid1446504 PAGE } }{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid2445549 13}}}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid1446504 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs18\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid13513738 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs18\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12195966 20} }}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 \par \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrt\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\rtlgutter\itap0\pararsid3607174 {\insrsid12195966 \par }}{\headerf \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11938516 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs18\fs20\insrsid12195966 \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid7175465 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 THE PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 Plaintiff-Appell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 ee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 , \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 v}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13724058 s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 JIMMY AGUON MANLEY}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 , \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 Defendant-Appell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 ant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par Supreme Court Case No.: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 CRA09-003}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par Superior Court Case No.: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 CF0100-02}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 OPINION \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10705352\charrsid4340424 Cite as: 2010 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 Guam }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15301378\charrsid4340424 15}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9003175\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 ubmitted on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Mar}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9189293\charrsid4340424 ch }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 9, 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid725166\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4043\clshdrawnil \cellx3935\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3712\clshdrawnil \cellx7647\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4340424 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appell}{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 ee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 :}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Jonathan R. Quan, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 . }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Assistant Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9003175\charrsid4340424 \par Office of the Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 \par 287 W O}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9003175\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\delrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par \cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 Appearing for Defendant-Appell}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 ant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 : \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 John P. Morrison, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4088569\charrsid4340424 Assistant Public Defender \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 Alternate Public Defender Div. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Public Defender}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\delrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 Service Corp.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 \par Suite 902, DNA Bldg., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4088569\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\pnrdate116107958\pnrnot1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 238 A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4088569\charrsid4340424 rchbishop F.C.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 Flores St. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729712\charrsid4340424 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid725166\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4043\clshdrawnil \cellx3935\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3712\clshdrawnil \cellx7647\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid16455586 BEFORE:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424\charrsid16455586 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid16455586 ROBERT J. TORRES}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid16455586 , Chief Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid16455586 ; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13377371\charrsid16455586 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid16455586 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6567571\charrsid4340424 MARAMAN}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 , J.: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 This appeal involves the validity of a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 judgment entered after }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 Defendant-Appellant Jimmy Aguon Manley (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 pleaded guilty to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 one count of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 Vehicular H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 omicide }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 (as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3961256\charrsid4340424 2nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 Degree Felony) and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 five counts of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 Aggravated A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 ssault }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 (as a 3rd Degree Felony).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 Manley argues that the Superior Court erred by:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 1) accepting his guilty pleas without first determining whether he understood the nature of the charges against him, as required by 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a); 2) allowin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 g consecutive sentences on the Aggravated A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 ssault counts in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2); an d 3) finding no ambiguity in the intended unit of prosecution in 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2), and thus finding no need to apply the rule of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16007766\charrsid4340424 lenity.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 Plaintiff-Appellee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 People}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 of Guam (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 counter that Manley should be e}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 stopped from bringing this }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid593709\charrsid4340424 appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 because the plea agreement }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 at issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 con}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13714534\charrsid4340424 tains}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 a valid waiver of Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 statutory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811671\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 appellate rights. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 We f}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16465025\charrsid4340424 ind tha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 t Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 guilty plea to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 Vehicular H}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 omicide charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 was constitutionally valid and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 therefore}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 his plea agreement with the People }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 bars his appeal of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 that} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972572\charrsid4340424 conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021471\charrsid4340424 Additionally, the plea agreement contains a valid waiver of Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8021471\charrsid4340424 s statutory right to appeal his Aggravated Assault convictions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 s appeal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811671\charrsid4340424 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 his sentence for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811671\charrsid4340424 Aggravated}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 Assault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4811671\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14554069\charrsid4340424 proper }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 pursuant to our decision in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 People v. Camacho,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10229619\charrsid4340424 2009 Guam 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 Furthermore,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345241\charrsid4340424 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2) is unambiguous and the unit of prosecution is each assault victim, therefore, the Superior}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 Court rightly impos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345241\charrsid4340424 ed consecutive sentences as to the Aggravated Assault conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16345241\charrsid4340424 Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7228140\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13393584 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 I.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 In May 2001, Manley, while speeding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 crashed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 his vehicle}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 into another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 , killing one person and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 injuring five }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 others}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Defendant-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 at 7-8 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 Plea Agreement, Sept. 12, 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 Manley has been in custody since August of 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 Certified Docket Sheet at 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16655194\charrsid4340424 (Feb. 16, 2010)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Manley was indicted }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 1) one count of manslaughter as a 1st degree felony; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 2) one count of vehicular homicide as a 2nd degree felony; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 3) one count of vehicular homicide as a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9129157\charrsid4340424 2nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 degree felony; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 4) one count of criminally negligent homicide as a 3rd degree felony; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 5) five counts of aggravated assault as a 3rd degree felony; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 6) one count of reckless driving with injuries as a misdemeanor; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 7) one count of possessing an open container as a misdemeanor; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 8) one count of engaging in an unauthorized speed contest as a petty misdemeanor; and, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 9) one special allegation of use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Plaintiff-Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390661\charrsid4340424 Supplemental }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390661\charrsid4340424 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ), tab 1, at 1 (Indictment, Mar. 7, 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 subsequently}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 entered into a plea agreement with the People wherein Manley pleaded guilty to certain charges in exchange for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 dismissal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 of others.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 12-14 (Judgment, Feb. 18, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Specifically, Manley pled guilty to:} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554324\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 1) one count of Vehicular Homicide (as a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13514234\charrsid4340424 2nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 degree felony) in violation of {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK14}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK15}16 GCA \'a7\'a7 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK14} {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK15}3301, and 18111(a)}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15926185 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid12195966\charrsid16779 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12195966 Both the plea agreement and the fully executed Judgment }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid15865746 incorrectly cited 16 GCA \'a7 18111(b).}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 }{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid9268406 See}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 ER at 7 (Plea Agreement); ER at 12 (Judgment). However, the parties stipulated at the sentencing hearing that the proper citation was 16 GCA }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid15865746 \'a7 18111(}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 a). }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid15865746 See}{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966 }{\fs20\insrsid12195966 Transcript (\'93Tr.\'94) at 23-24 (Sentencing, Nov. 26, 2002,).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ; and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554324\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 2) five counts of Aggravated Assault (as a 3rd degree felony) in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 7 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16655194\charrsid4340424 Plea Agreement)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 In exchange, the People d}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 ismiss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ed all other charges enumerated in the indictment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 14 (Judgment).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 In the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 written}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 plea agreement, Manley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 averred}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 that he had been advised and had understood, among other things, the nature of the charges against him including the elements of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 all}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 6 (Plea Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 affirmed that he entered guilty pleas for the vehicular homicide and aggravated assault charges }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 voluntarily, and without coercion or promises apart from [the] plea agreement[.]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 7 (Plea Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 He }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 state}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 d that he understood that he had }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 a right to move for a reduction of his sentence within one hundred twenty (120) days of sentencing pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7 120.46,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 which he agreed to waive for purposes of the plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 at 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 In addition, Manley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 acknowledged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 that he u nderstood that he had a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 right to appeal his convictions . . . pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10 and 130.15,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 which he agreed to waive for purposes of the plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926185\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 he Superior Court f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 ound}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 that Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s guilty pleas for the vehicular homicide and aggravat ed assault charges were knowingly and voluntarily made, accepted the plea agreement and Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s guilty pleas,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554324\charrsid4340424 dismissed some of the charges against Manley in accordance with the agreement,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 and adjudged Manley guilty of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4554324\charrsid4340424 the remaining}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Transcript}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13514234\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972703\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972703\charrsid4340424 Tr.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972703\charrsid4340424 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 at 59 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10972703\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13514234\charrsid4340424 Change of Plea, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Sept. 19, 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 At }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 sentencing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 hearing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 , the Superior Court sentenced Manley to:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953290\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 1) eight years for the Vehicular Homicide conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953290\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 2) three years each}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 for the first two of the five A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ggravated }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Assault convictions,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 to be served consecutively to each other and to the vehicular homicide charge; and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6953290\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 3) three years }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 for the last three of the five Aggravated A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ssault }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 convictions, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 to be served concurrently\emdash for a total of fourteen years incarceration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7878384\charrsid4340424 Tr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 at 66-67 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7878384\charrsid4340424 Sentencing, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Nov. 26, 2002); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Appellee}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid932634\charrsid4340424 Br. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 at 4 (Oct. 14, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 The People prepared and signed a judgment reflecting the plea agreement and the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s sentencing, and served it on Manley on November 29, 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 s Br. at 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 This first judgment was apparently never signed by Manley or his counsel, and never filed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Over the next }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15284117\charrsid4340424 couple of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 years, the People prepared a second and a third judgment and again served them on Manley.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Apparently, neither the second nor the third}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 proposed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 judgment was signed by Manley or his counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6816706\charrsid4340424 Approximately six }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 years and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 three months after}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 his }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6816706\charrsid4340424 sentencing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 , the People served a fourth judgment on Manley.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 This fourth judgment was}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 finally}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 signed and filed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6816706\charrsid4340424 on February 18, 2009.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6816706\charrsid4340424 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Notice of Entry on the Docket was filed the following day.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid939053\charrsid4340424 ER at 15 (Not. of Entry on Docket, Feb. 19, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 timely}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 appealed his sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 ER at 16 (Not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid939053\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10909314\charrsid4340424 of Appeal, Feb. 26, 2009).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12195966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 II. JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [11]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1922307\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment pursuant to 48 U.S.C.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606364\charrsid4340424 A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 \'a7 1424-1(a)(2)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7606364\charrsid4340424 (year)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 ; 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b), 3108(a) (2005); 8 GCA \'a7 130.15(a) (2005). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12195966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK3}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK4} \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1922307\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 A challenge to the validit}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 y of a guilty plea not raised in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 the trial court is reviewed for plain error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 People v. Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Whether the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s acceptance of a guilty plea complies with the requirements of 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a) is reviewed for plain error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 People v. Chung}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3633797\charrsid4340424 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3633797\charrsid4340424 8-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Whether Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s aggravated assault statute allows for consecutive sentences is a double jeopardy challenge.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Double jeopardy challenges are generally reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 de novo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 People v. San Nicolas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 2001 Guam 4 \'b6 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087534\charrsid4340424 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087534\charrsid4340424 People v. Florida}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087534\charrsid4340424 , No. CR96-00060A, 1997 WL 209044 at * 6 (D. Guam App. Div. 1997)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 The legality of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11632210\charrsid4340424 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 sentence is also reviewed }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 United States v. Farmigoni}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 934 F.2d 63, 65 (5th Cir. 1991).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Whether Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s aggravated assault statute is ambiguous is a question of statutory interpretation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Issues of statutory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11693248\charrsid4340424 interpretation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 are reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Quichocho v. Macy}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s Dep}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 t Stores, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 9 \'b6 13 (citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Carlson v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 , 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 16). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK3}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK4} \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12195966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 IV. DISCUSSION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [13]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1922307\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s principal arguments on appeal are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 that the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073571\charrsid4340424 erred by:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 1) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073571\charrsid4340424 accepting }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 his guilty pleas without first determining whether he understood the nature of the charges against him, as required by 8 GCA \'a7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 60.50(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9073571\charrsid4340424 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 2) allowing multiple and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 consecutive sentences on the Aggravated Assault }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3085703\charrsid4340424 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15623634\charrsid4340424 onviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 The People counter that Manley should be estopped from bringing this appeal because the plea agreement at issue con}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13714534\charrsid4340424 tains}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 a valid waiver of Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10442138\charrsid4340424 statutory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007015\charrsid4340424 appellate rights. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [14]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1922307\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 We address each of these arguments in turn. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13393584 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393584 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10442138\charrsid4340424 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 G}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 uilty plea}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017118\charrsid4340424 the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 Vehicular Homicide}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 and Aggravated Assault}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017118\charrsid4340424 charge}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017118\charrsid4340424 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 w}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 ere}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 knowing and voluntary }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 and therefore valid}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455586 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16455586 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Title 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a) requires that the defendant know and understand the nature of the charges against him before the court can accept a plea of guilty: \par The court shall not accept a plea of guilty or nolo contendere without first, by addressing the defendant personally in open court, informing him of and determining }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5534380\charrsid4340424 that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 he understands the following: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\ls10 \pnrdate652995804\pnrstart0\pnrxst3\pnrxst0\pnrxst40\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst0\pnrxst41\pnrxst0\pnrstop8\pnrstart1\pnrrgb2\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrrgb0\pnrstop9\pnrstart2\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4 \pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc4\pnrnfc2\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc1\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrnfc0\pnrstop18\pnrstart3\pnrpnbr1\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0 \pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrpnbr0\pnrstop36\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10290077 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered[.] . . . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 This section directs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 a judge to inquire whether a defendant who pleads guilty understands the nature of the charge against him and whether he is aware of the consequences of his plea.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 People v. Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 14 (quoting }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 McCarthy v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 394 U.S. 459, 464 (1969)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 This section enables a judge to ascertain the plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s voluntariness by }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16081263\charrsid4340424 allow}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 ing him }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 to develop a more complete record to support his determination in a subsequent post-conviction attack.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 (quoting }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 McCarthy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 394 U.S. at 466) (internal citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 We have said that a judge fails to comply with this section where he or she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 does not personally inquire whether the defendant understood the nature of the charge,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 through the exposure of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s state of mind on the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 McCarthy}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 394 U.S. at 467) (internal citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 People v.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Chung}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3614291\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 we addressed the issue of the validity of guilty pleas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3614291\charrsid4340424 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 explain}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 ed the U.S. Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 s holding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 stat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 ing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 it may be appropriate to presume that in most cases defense counsel routinely explain the nature of the offense in sufficient detail to give the accused notice of what he is being asked to admit}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5590848\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Chung} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 2004 Guam 2 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \'b6 17 (quoting}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Henderson}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986736\charrsid4340424 v. Morgan}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 426 U.S. }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986736\charrsid4340424 637, }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 647}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4986736\charrsid4340424 (1976)}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 )}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 .}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 However;}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Henderson}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 presumption does not automatically apply in all cases.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2761160\charrsid4340424 See}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2761160\charrsid4340424 }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2761160\charrsid4340424 i}{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 d.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Specifically, we stated that }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 before we apply }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11278724\charrsid4340424 this}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 presumption, some factual basis in the record must exist from which we can conclude that Chung}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel explained the nature of the charges to him and that Chung thereby understood the nature of the charges.}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 In }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , the defendant appealed from his convictions of manslaughter, vehicular homicide, and a special allegation of use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737059\charrsid4340424 Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 argued that the Superior Court accepted his guilty pleas without first informing him of and determining that he understood the nature of the charges.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 There, we looked to the transcript of Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s guilty plea proceeding and }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 determined}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 that the Superior Court did not inquire whether Chung in fact understood the nature of the charges of manslaughter and/or vehicular homicide.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 We found }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 no indication or acknowledgement by Chung in the record that he }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 understood}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the trial court}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s explication, if any, of the nature of the charges.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6899490\charrsid4340424 Id. \'b6}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 16 (emphasis in original).}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Rather, the record revealed that the Superior Court }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 did not inquire of Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel, nor did Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel inform the court, that Chung was informed of, and that he understood, the nature of the charges against him.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6899490\charrsid4340424 Id. \'b6}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 17.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 On this basis, we found that the Superior Court accepted Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s guilty pleas in violation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The record before us in the instant case differ} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 from the record in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Chung}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the transcript of Chung}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s guilty plea proceeding plainly showed that the Superior Court never inquired whether Chung understood the nature of the charges to which he was pleading guilty.}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247494\charrsid4340424 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6247494\charrsid4340424 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \'b6 17.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Here, in contrast, the transcript of Manley}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s change of plea proceeding indicates that the Superior Court inquired whether Manley understood the nature of the charges against him.}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 See}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1519146\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 5-10 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8746015\charrsid4340424 (Change of Plea)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The relevant portion of the transcript provides: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10290077 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 And have you gone over all the terms and conditions contained in this plea agreement with your lawyer before you signed it? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yes, I have. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 And are you fully satisfied with the advice and representations given to you by your counsel in this case? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 (Pauses) Yes. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Answer, please? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yes, sir.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yes, Your Honor. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 And does -- Do you understand all the terms and conditions contained in this plea agreement? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yes, I do. \par . . . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Are you entering this plea agreement out of your own free will because you are really guilty to the charges? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Not\'85not entirely, Your Honor. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 m going to give you a minute or two to just discuss with your counsel the consequences, insofar as entering this guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Thank you, Your Honor. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 All right. \par (Pause; Counsel conferring with Defendant) \par . . . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 ll repeat the last question.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Thank you, Counselor.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 (To the Defendant)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Are you pleading guilty out of your own free will because you are really guilty to the charges, pursuant to this plea agreement, under Section II, Vehicle Homicide and Aggravated Assault? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 For the most part, Your Honor, yes. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 And do you understand that you are pleading guilty to Vehicular Homicide as a second degree felony?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 For that particular charge, that carries a maximum sentence of eight years imprisonment and a maximum fine of Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 I also understand that you are pleading guilty to Aggravated Assault, five counts, as a third degree felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 For each count, that carries a maximum sentence of three years imprisonment and a maximum fine of Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) for each count.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Are you aware that these are the range of penalties for these charges that you are pleading guilty to this morning, Mr. Manley? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yes, Your Honor. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515761\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13985373\charrsid4340424 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 8}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13515761\charrsid4340424 (Change of Plea)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 From this portion of the transcript, it is plain that the Superior Court inquired whether Manley understood the nature of the charges against him, in compliance with 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Manley counters that the record indicates that his guilty pleas were involuntary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13714534\charrsid4340424 A different section of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 transcript of the September 19, 2002 change of plea hearing records }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s recitation of the facts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1852801 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay, Mr. Manley, tell me what happened which caused you to enter the guilty plea. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 To the most part, yes, }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 I was going over the speed limit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , but not as, I guess . . . not as fast as they say I was going.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Everything that is in here is basically what happened}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , but it didn}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t -- My intentions weren}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t to hit anybody or get into a situation I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 m in now.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 I -- I wasn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t forced to accelerate to going over the speed limit, but making my lane-change to get into the accident, that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s basically what happened.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Losing control of my vehicle, I didn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t exactly lose control of my vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 So, it only makes me look like I intentionally have done what\'85what the court has done now. \par . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10373134\charrsid4340424 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 It wasn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t -- Your Honor, I wasn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 t following the vehicle.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 When I had switched over to the inner lane, because it is the passing lane, as I accelerated coming down the hill, the vehicle that w-- I was originally following, as I was coming up almost to where\'85where I was almost, just about to meet up beside, he\'85the vehicle cuts me off.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 And having to avoid hitting him, I swerved into the outer lane and\'85not knowing that the vehicle that I had hit was there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Whether the vehicle was a darker color or was coming out of the shoulder lane, I did not know whether the vehicle was there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The vehicle that had cut me off, I was just basically trying to avoid hitting, and so that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s basically what happened. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE COURT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Okay. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 THE DEFENDANT:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Yeah.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 There was no intention to hurt anybody.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 That}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s all I have to say, Your Honor. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2701621\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 11-12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2701621\charrsid4340424 (Change of Plea)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 (emphasis }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7360082\charrsid4340424 added}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 In short, Manley stated that he was not driving as fast as the government alleged, that he never intended to hit anyone, and that the accident only occurred because a vehicle had cut him off and he swerved into another lane to avoid a collision.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s Reply }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7360082\charrsid4340424 Br. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 3 (Oct. 27, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Manley asserts that this factual recitation renders his guilty pleas involuntary because it reveals not only that he disputed the underlying facts, but more importantly, that he believed intent played into the crimes for which he was pleading guilty \emdash an intent Manley claims he lacked.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9731527\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 3.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Manley argue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 that under 8 GCA \'a7 60.50(a), the Superior Court should not have accepted his guilty plea because it was not made knowingly, intelligently, or voluntarily. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 \tab On the issue of intent the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 mens rea}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 intentionally}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 is not an element of either Vehicular Homicide under either 16 GCA \'a7\'a7 18111(a) or 18111(b), or of Aggravated Assault as charged under 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 Vehicular Homicide }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 may}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 require proof that a defendant drove or operated a vehicle }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 negligently}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 (or alternatively that he or she did an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 act forbidden by law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 ); Aggravated Assault requires proof that a defendant acted recklessly. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13844024\charrsid4340424 9 GCA \'a7 19.20 (a)(2) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 Although Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 s colloquy can be taken to indicate that he did not commit these crimes }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 intentionally}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 the actions}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 which he did admit are sufficient indicators of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 negligence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 recklessness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 to satisfy the elements of the crimes charged.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12064473\charrsid4340424 See i.e.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 People v. Yingling}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 2009 Guam 11 \'b6 18 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9375260\charrsid4340424 explaining that }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 mens rea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 can be proved by attendant actions, as well as by direct evidence). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 Moving to the larger issue of whether the plea in this case was properly taken, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 he U.S. Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 North Carolina v. Alford}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 400 U.S. 25 (1 970), undermines Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s assertion that his guilty pleas were involuntary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Alford}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , a defendant indicted for the capital crime of first-degree murder pled guilty to a reduced charge of second-degree murder while simultaneously protesting his innocence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Alford}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 400 U.S. at 28.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Before the plea was formally accepted by the trial court, and after the state of North Carolina had presented its case, Alford took the stand and testified that he did not commit the murder, but rather, that he was pleading guilty b ecause he faced the threat of the death penalty if he did not do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 When queried, Alford acknowledged on the record that his counsel informed him of the difference between second-degree and first degree murder and of his rights if he chose to go to trial.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737059\charrsid4340424 at 28-29.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The trial court then asked }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7160598\charrsid4340424 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Alford}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7160598\charrsid4340424 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 if, in light of his denial of guilt, he still desired to plead guilty to the reduced charge.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at 29.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 He said yes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The Court held that there is no constitutional error in accepting a guilty plea despite a defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s claim of innocence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 where strong evidence of actual guilt substantially negate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s claim of innocence and provide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 a strong factual basis for the guilty plea, and the state ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 a strong case }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 of first-degree murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , so that defendant, advised by competent counsel, intelligently conclude}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 that he should plead guilty to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 second-degree murder }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 rather than be tried for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the higher charge}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13789401\charrsid4340424 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9465661\charrsid4340424 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Similarly here, it was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 proper}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 for the Superior Court to accept Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s guilty pleas despite his testifying at the September change of plea hearing that he did not intend to hurt anyone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 For our purposes, this testimony is arguably irrelevant because, as in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Alford}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1838427\charrsid4340424 , there is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 evidence of Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s actual guilt of the underlying charges and, as has long been recognized, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 an accused, though believing in or entertaining doubts respecting his innocence, might reasonably conclude a jury would be convinced of his guilt and that he would fare better in the sentence by pleading guilty}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737059\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999532\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15737059\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11999532\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Alford}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 400 U.S. at 33 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 McCoy v. United States} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 363 F.2d 306, 308 (D.C. Cir. 1966) (internal citation omitted). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s reliance on our decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 People v. Van Bui}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8, is misguided.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 concerned the validity of a plea agreement entered into between Van Bui and the People of Guam wherein the former pled guilty to manslaughter in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1). }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1926590\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1926590\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6827341\charrsid4340424 \'b6 1. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 At Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s change of plea hearing, the Superior Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 asked counsel for the People to read the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10241117\charrsid4340424 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 ndictment and highlight the essential elements of the offense so that Van Bui could understand the nature of the charges}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15274941\charrsid4340424 , as well as the elements of the offense.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4477205\charrsid4340424 Id}{ \cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8152744\charrsid4340424 \'b6 6}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 (internal quotations omitted)}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8152744\charrsid4340424 .}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel interrupted, stating that he would stipulate that the People would have proven the essential elements of the }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7234170\charrsid4340424 [}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 charges}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7234170\charrsid4340424 ]}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 beyond a reasonable doubt}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5183712\charrsid4340424 \'85}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5448974\charrsid4340424 .}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 }{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 (internal quotations omitted).}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The People then offered a factual stipulation that characterized }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3614291\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s criminal homicide as reckless.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel rejected the proffered stipulation and, after a pause in the proceedings in which counsel for both parties had a discussion, }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 offere d to stipulate that the elements of the offense would be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, including that Van Bui committed a homicide which would otherwise be murder under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance.}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4851727\charrsid4340424 (internal quotations omitted).}{ \cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The prosecution agreed to this stipulation.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Put simply, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s counsel orally requested that the plea agreement be changed to reflect that Van Bui committed manslaughter pursuant to \'a7 16.50(a)(2), rather than \'a7 16.50(a)(1), because Van Bui was influenced by extreme mental or emotional disturbance.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The Superior Court did not ask Van Bui if he understood and agreed to the revised plea agreement or stipulation, and the court did not explain to Van Bui that he was pleading guilty to 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2), as opposed to (a)(1)}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Van Bui appealed his conviction on the basis that he was not advised of the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10357819\charrsid4340424 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 and that his plea was therefore not made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552271\charrsid4340424 voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9663861\charrsid4340424 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9663861\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9663861\charrsid4340424 i}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 d.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9663861\charrsid4340424 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Specifically, Van Bui contested that he did not understand the intent element of \'a7 16.50(a)(2) because it was never }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 alluded to by either the superior court or counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid85337\charrsid4340424 \'b6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 his court found that while the record reflected that Van Bui was informed of the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 nothing in the record indicate[d] that Van Bui was informed of the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 As stated above, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the record}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s only reference}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113336\charrsid4340424 []}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 to the intent element }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739632\charrsid4340424 a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 re the government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s reference to a homicide committed }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 recklessly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739632\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 and defense counsel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s offer to stipulate that Van Bui committed }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 a homicide which would otherwise be murder.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '" }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4739632\charrsid4340424 \'b6 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 25.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 The problem was that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 recklessly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 was not the appropriate standard under 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7876259\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Accordingly, we stated that any valid guilty plea by Van Bui required that the intent element of murder be explained to him before he pled guilty to committing that crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 This, combined with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 the confusion regarding the offense to which Van B ui was pleading guilty and the last-minute change to the plea,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 compelled our conclusion that Van Bui}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 s guilty plea was not made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552271\charrsid4340424 voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14178246\charrsid4340424 \'b6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11495599\charrsid4340424 28. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 Manley contends}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 that the instant case is like }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 Specifically, Manley argues that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 last-minute switch during the sentencing hearing to have the plea agreement reference 16 GCA \'a7 18111(a), and not 16 GCA \'a7 18111(b),}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5440627 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 }{\fs20\insrsid12195966 }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 See}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 }{\fs20\insrsid12195966 Tr. at 23-34 (Sentencing, Nov. 2, 2002), }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 ER at 60-61 (Tr}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 .}{ \fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 }{\fs20\insrsid12195966 ,}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6632911 Sentencing, Nov. 26, 2002).}{\insrsid12195966 }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 mak}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 s this }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 a }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 situation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 This argument is without merit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 we stated that the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 s failure to ensure that Van Bui understood the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10316592\charrsid4340424 ntent element of criminal homicide }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 was plain error. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 \'b6 29}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 By entering a plea of guilty to a violation of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2), as opposed to (a)(1), Van Bui was essentially pleading guilty to a charge of criminal homicide that required}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 an}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 additional}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 level of intent }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 greater}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 than standard recklessness, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 without}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 know}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 ing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016143\charrsid4340424 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11016143\charrsid4340424 \'b6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 23, n.4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 did}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 not happen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5839691\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 he two differences between }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 16 GCA \'a7 18111(a) and (b) are:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 (1)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 18111}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 (b) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 contains}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 an additional element of intoxicatio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 n that section }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 18111}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 (a) does not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 ;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14819585\charrsid4340424 (2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 18111}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 (b) provides a range of imprisonment from five to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8282931\charrsid4340424 fifteen }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 years, whereas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 18111}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 (a) simply provides a maximum imprisonment term of eight years. 16 GCA \'a7 18111(a), (b) (2005).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 he switch }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 from (b) to (a) rendered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 the element of intoxication irrelevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 In the plea colloquy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 the trial judge informed Manley that the maximum}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 potential}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 prison term}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 for his Vehicular Homicide charged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 was eight years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002817\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 at 7 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13002817\charrsid4340424 (Change of Plea)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 changes}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 Manley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 highlight}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5128016\charrsid4340424 s here}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 ere not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 plain error}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 did not go to the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14430344\charrsid4340424 , did not prejudice Manley in any way,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 and should excite no constitutional alarm.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411359\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 29.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 Elsewhere}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 , we }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3368752\charrsid4340424 note}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 d }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6375406\charrsid4340424 [e]ven if the record does not demonstrate that the elements of an offense were properly explained to a defendant by the court or by counsel, courts have sometimes assumed that }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6375406\charrsid4340424 if a defendant admits to facts amounting to an element of the offense to which he pleads guilty, then he cannot complain that he was not informed of that element}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6375406\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6375406\charrsid4340424 Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6375406\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 18 (citation omitted)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710874\charrsid4340424 Here, although Manley contends that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7541772\charrsid4340424 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710874\charrsid4340424 was not adequately informed of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 elements and nature}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710874\charrsid4340424 of the Vehicular Homicide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 and Aggravated Assault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710874\charrsid4340424 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 harges}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710874\charrsid4340424 under 16 GCA \'a7 18111(a)} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 and 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 Manley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 admitted to facts }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290872\charrsid4340424 constituting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 all the elements of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 cited }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 statute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440627\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 In Guam the elements of Vehicular Homicide are that: (1) on a date certain; (2) in Guam; (3) a defendant; (4) do}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11099845\charrsid4340424 es}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 an}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid132201\charrsid4340424 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 act forbidden by law in the driving of a vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11099845\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7813734\charrsid4340424 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11099845\charrsid4340424 negligently drives a vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 ;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 (5) proximately causing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 the death of another. 16 GCA \'a7 18111(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 The elements of Aggravated Assault are that: (1) on a date certain; (2) in Guam; (3) a defendant; (4)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 recklessly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 causes or attempts to cause}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 ; (5) serious bodily injury to another.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023568\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 he record plainly indicates that the elements of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 the Vehicular Homicide and Aggravated Assault offenses }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 have been satisfied:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 o}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 n or about May 27, 2001,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 in Guam,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 Jimmy Aguon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 Manley, while speeding in his vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 (an act both }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 reckless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 forbidden by law in the driving of a vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 , crashed into another vehicle, causing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 seriously bodily injury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 to five individuals, and ki}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 lling one individual.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 he plea agreement }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 Manley }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 entered into with the People in substance repeated these basic facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 In addition}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 , the colloquy contained the following averments by Manley:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 Everything }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550817\charrsid4340424 that is in [the plea agreement]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 is basically what happened}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550817\charrsid4340424 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6619976 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 This statement indicates Manley\rquote s acknowledgment of the factual scenario presented in the Plea Agreement, including the following: \'93Mr. Manley\rquote s pickup crashed into the back of [Victim One]\rquote s pickup. Several persons riding in the bed of [Victim One]\rquote s pickup received serious injuries. A passenger in [Victim One]\rquote s pickup, [Victim Two]}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 was killed}{ \fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 [Victim Three] received broken bones in his left foot, a broken right leg, and th}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 ree broken ribs. [Victim Four] }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 received a head injury and was flown to Queen\rquote s Hos}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 p}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 ital, Hawaii, by Medivac for treatment. [Victim Five] received an injury to his feet, back, and neck. [V ictim Six] had broken bone in his right foot, an arm injury, and a head injury. [Victim One] received an injury to her arm.\'94 ER at 7-8}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 (Plea Agreement, Sept. 19, 2002)}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 . These}{ \fs20\insrsid12195966 uncontested}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 facts establish}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 proof of}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 the death of one victim and}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 proof of}{ \fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid550817 \'93serious bodily injury\'94 to five other victims.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 , but it didn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 t . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 ; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 To [sic] the most part, yes, I was going over the speed limit, but not as, I guess . . . not as fast as they say I was going}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 ; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 And having to avoid hitting him, I swerved into the outer lane and . . . not knowing that the vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 I had hit was there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 Whether the vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 was a darker color or was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 coming out of the shoulder lane}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 , I did not know whether the vehicle was there. The vehicle that had cut me off, I was just basically trying to avoid hitting, and so that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7812086\charrsid4340424 s basically what happened.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6111584\charrsid4340424 Tr. at 11-12 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745979\charrsid4340424 Change of Plea).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 Tak}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16203928\charrsid4340424 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 the record, plea agreement, and colloquy together, this court is satisfied that Manley admitted to facts amounting to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 all the elements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 the offenses for which he has been convicted and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 cannot now complain that he did not understand the nature of the charges against him.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16659597\charrsid4340424 We find that Manley entered into the plea agreement voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently and that the plea agreement is valid.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16659597\charrsid4340424 See Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16659597\charrsid4340424 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552271\charrsid4340424 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361777\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 Manley is barred from appealing his conviction}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 s}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018827 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 People v. Camacho,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 we stated that although }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 we ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16587728\charrsid4340424 ve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 subject matter jurisdiction over Camacho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 s appeal notwithstanding his waiver of appeal,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 we would }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 not exercise our jurisdiction to review the merits of Camacho}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 s appeal if we conclude that he knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived his right to appeal unless the result would work a misc arriage of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 2009 Guam 6 \'b6 12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 (citation omitted)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6036558\charrsid4340424 We }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14430344\charrsid4340424 f}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14430344\charrsid4340424 d that Manley waived his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 right to appeal his conviction}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14430344\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552271\charrsid4340424 voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 and that the result is not a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 miscarriage of justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 both}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281534\charrsid4340424 as to Vehicular Homicide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14430344\charrsid4340424 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3026380\charrsid4340424 as to Aggravated Assault}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 It is clear from the text of the written plea agreement that Manley waived his statutory rights to appeal his convictions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6036558\charrsid4340424 , as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 derived from 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6192616\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 130.15}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2492059 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid12195966 \tab }{\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid12195966\charrsid6036558 \chftn }{ \fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6036558 It is well settled that criminal defendants do not enjoy a federal constitutional right to appeal.{\*\bkmkstart sp_708_915}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_915}{\*\bkmkend sp_708_915}{\*\bkmkend SDU_915} }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6036558 McKane v. Durston}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid6036558 , 153 U.S. 684, 687\~(1894). \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8806676\charrsid4340424 . ER at 8 (Plea Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14689499\charrsid4340424 As a matter of policy, it is also important for the courts to recognize the essential function plea bargains between the People and criminal defendants play in our system of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14689499\charrsid4340424 See i.e. Santobello v. New York}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14689499\charrsid4340424 , 404 U.S. 257, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12064473\charrsid4340424 260-}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14689499\charrsid4340424 61 (1971)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304582\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12064473\charrsid4340424 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304582\charrsid4340424 The disposition of criminal charges by agreement between the prosecutor and the accused, sometimes loosely called }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304582\charrsid4340424 plea bargaining,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304582\charrsid4340424 is an essential component of the administration of justice. Properly administered, it is to be encouraged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745979\charrsid4340424 . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745979\charrsid4340424 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304582\charrsid4340424 plea bargaining] is not only an essential part of the process but a highly desirable part for many reasons.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14689499\charrsid4340424 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6036558\charrsid4340424 Manley}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6036558\charrsid4340424 s convictions will stand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10560235\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 C. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 s appeal of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 his sentence for}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 Aggravated Assault is proper}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15018827 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 In}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Camacho,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 the majority affirmed this court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s earlier decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 People v. Mallo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 , holding that a defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s valid waiver of the right to appeal his conviction is not necessarily a waiver of the right to appeal his sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 (or sentences)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 2009 Guam 6 \'b6 22.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Camacho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 , the relevant waiver was found in the fifth paragraph of the plea agreement, which provided:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Defendant understands that he has a right to appeal his conviction in this case pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10 and 130.15, and agrees to waive that right for purposes of this plea. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14440091\charrsid4340424 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Finding the above-quoted waiver provision to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 ambiguous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 in scope, we held that it did not bar Camacho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s appeal of his sentence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 \'b6 2. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 In the instant case, inasmuch as Manley is appealing the multiple consecutive sentences for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7692731\charrsid4340424 the Aggravated A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 ssault}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703878\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8537677\charrsid4340424 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 see}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s Br. at 8-14, this appeal is proper under}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Camacho}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 as an appeal of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 consecutive}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 s Manley received}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 This is so because the above-quoted waiver provision at issue in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 Camacho} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 is the same waiver provision at issue in the instant case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058010\charrsid4340424 and the Superio r Court did not address the defendant regarding his waiver of appeal of his sentence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3354756\charrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3354756\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3354756\charrsid4340424 \'b6 4; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 ER at 8 (Plea Agreement).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 It follows that if its scope did not bar Camacho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s appeal of sentence, it does not bar Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 s.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13908730\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 D}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11739362\charrsid4340424 . }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278030\charrsid4340424 The unit of prosecution for the crime of}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 Aggravated}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278030\charrsid4340424 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6754302\charrsid4340424 A}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12278030\charrsid4340424 ssault}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11739362\charrsid4340424 is each assault victim. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 Manley asserts that the consecutive sentences he received for his multiple convictions for Aggravated Assault are improper under a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 unit of prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 test as articulated by this }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850102\charrsid4340424 court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 People v. San Nicolas}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 2001 Guam 4 \'b6\'b6 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15271314\charrsid4340424 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 -2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 we explained that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 unit of prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 test is one of two established procedures for determining whether cumulative punishment for statutory violations was appropriate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 . }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 \'b6 10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 The unit of prosecution test applies when a defendant is convicted of multiple violations of the same statute; courts must determine, from the language of the statute as promulgated by the legislature, whether the conduct at issue in a particular case should give rise to either a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 single}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 , individual conviction }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 multiple}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 convictions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 \'b6 13 (citation omitted).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 we held that the plain language of Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659718\charrsid4340424 s Child Abuse statute (9 GCA \'a7 31.30) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 dictated that each c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14703878\charrsid4340424 hild victim was the proper unit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 of prosecution; this result meant that the trial court in that case did not err when it sentenced San Nicolas to two consecutive sentences for a single abusive act which injured two children. }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 \'b6 29.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 Here, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 Manley argues that, based upon the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 language of 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2)}{ \cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233667\charrsid4340424 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6619976 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs21\fs20\super\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 Manley contrasts the language of the Aggravated Assault statute at issue here (\'93A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 recklessly causes}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 serious bodily injury to another\'94) with the language of the Child Abuse statute discussed in }{ \i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 San Nicolas}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 which defines as a crime any act where a defendant subjects \'93}{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 a child}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 to cruel and unusual treatment\'94 or where a defendant has \'93}{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 a child}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 in his care or custody}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 and unreasonably cause[s]}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 . . . }{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 the physical or emotional health of that child to be endangered\'94. }{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid5061459 See}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 Appellant\rquote s Br}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 .}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 at 10; 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2); 9 GCA \'a7 31.30}{\fs20\insrsid12195966 (2005)}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 ; }{\i\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 San Nicolas}{\fs20\insrsid12195966\charrsid14553870 at \'b6 21 (emphasis from original).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 where the driving of [a] vehicle causes serious bodily injury to several persons and Aggrava ted Assault is charged to cover these circumstances, the intended unit of prosecution is the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 [single]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 act of reckless driving.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1933285\charrsid4340424 Br. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792711\charrsid4340424 at 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 From this premise Manley concludes that the trial court erred when it sentenced him to consecutive sentences for his Aggravated Assault convictions in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 1.22, the Guam statute governing double jeopardy which we }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12808067\charrsid4340424 consider}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 ed in S}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 an Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 . Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1933285\charrsid4340424 Br. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 at 14, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5061459\charrsid4340424 17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16661946\charrsid4340424 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 \'b6\'b6 23-28.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449271\charrsid4340424 We}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5185354\charrsid4340424 disagree and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449271\charrsid4340424 find that the appropriate unit of prosecution in Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449271\charrsid4340424 s Aggravated Assault statute is each assault victim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 Guam}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 s Aggravated Assault statute reads as follows: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 A person is guilty of aggravated assault if he either recklessly causes or attempts to cause}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16661946\charrsid4340424 . . . }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 serious bodily injury to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid869024\charrsid4340424 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 We must determine, if possible from this plain language, the unit of prosecution intended by the Legislature. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 \'b6 13.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 Manley emphasizes the differences between the language of this statute (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 ) and several other statutes within the criminal codes which use the term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 another person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 See Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308133\charrsid4340424 Br. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860176\charrsid4340424 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16661946\charrsid4340424 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 -13 citing 9 GCA }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13056576\charrsid4340424 \'a7 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 19.70 and 9 GCA }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13056576\charrsid4340424 \'a7 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 22.50(a).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 From these textual distinctions, Manley argues: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5449271 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\pnrdate1726745256\pnrnot1\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 when }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is used, it is occasionally used in tandem with }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 that person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 as indicated in the foregoing, so that it is clear that the act intended to be prohibited is as to a specific person. Also, when }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is solely used in a criminal statute, it does not prevent the charging of separate offenses where separate acts occur instead of a single incident. Thus, the usage of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is not superfluous and the distinction between the two is meaningful. When }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is used in the definition of an offense (while }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is used in defining other offenses in other portions of the Criminal Code), such offense must therefore be construed to prohibit the act in general, and not the act as to a specific person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 Thus, the Legislature must have intended that the reckless act causing serious bodily injury is the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 unit of prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 , irrespective of the number of persons injured. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947282\charrsid4340424 Br.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 , 12-13. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822194\charrsid4340424 \tab While this is certainly a creative interpretation of Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822194\charrsid4340424 s criminal code, the distinction which Manley highlights does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12808067\charrsid4340424 not}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15686771\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822194\charrsid4340424 point to the result he suggests.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 While the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 can be used both as a pronoun (i.e. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 going from one place to another}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 ) and as an adjective (i.e. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 we will depart at another time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 ) the meaning of the word is essentially the same; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 can mean either }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 something}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 or someone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 different or distinct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 (pronoun) or merely }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 different or distinct}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 (adjective).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 See}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 Webster}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 s Third New International Dictionary}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 (}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 Unabridged}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449318\charrsid4340424 89 (1971).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 Thus, even if we agree that there is a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 technical}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 grammatical distinction between }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 another}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 another person}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 , it is not clear how this distinction supports the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 different treatment which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 Manley asserts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 is appropriate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837684\charrsid4340424 :}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113081\charrsid4340424 in this context }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 each }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 different or distinct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 person injured by a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113081\charrsid4340424 criminal act may provide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 the basis for a separate prosecution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 , regardless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113081\charrsid4340424 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 f that person}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113081\charrsid4340424 being }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14113081\charrsid4340424 either}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 another person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3616684\charrsid4340424 The distinction is not meaningful.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 As we }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 sta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 ted in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11141516\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 statutes using the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947282\charrsid4340424 compel[]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 a construction that only one conviction under the statute is allowed despite the number of victims.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 By contrast, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 statutes using the singular words }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 a}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 or }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 another}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 reveal the intent that each victim be the appropriate unit of prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 San Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947282\charrsid4340424 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 \'b6 20 (citation omitted, emphasis added).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 Although the plain language of the statute is what compels this result, we also note that this finding is in line with numerous other jurisdictions which have considered }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025535\charrsid4340424 similar arguments}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 See Phillips v. State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 , 787 S.W.2d 391, 395 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5845741\charrsid4340424 Tex. Crim. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 1990); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 People v. Gaither}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 , 343 P.2d 799, 803 (Dist. Ct. App. 1959);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025535\charrsid4340424 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025535\charrsid4340424 Commonwealth v. Frisbie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025535\charrsid4340424 , 485 A.2d 1098, 1101 (Pa. 1984).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3025535\charrsid4340424 The consecutive sentences which Manley received were not improper.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4073846\charrsid4340424 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498737\charrsid4340424 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 {\*\bkmkstart sp_999_7}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_7}{\*\bkmkend sp_999_7}{\*\bkmkend SDU_7} \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 V. CONCLUSION \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825128\charrsid4340424 We }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 find that Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 s guilty plea}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 as to the Vehicular Homicide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 and Aggravated Assault}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 w}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 constitutionally valid and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492059\charrsid4340424 that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 his plea agreement with the People bars appeal of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3947282\charrsid4340424 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 s appeal of the Aggravated Assault }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1971207\charrsid4340424 sentences}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 is proper pursuant to our decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 People v. Camacho,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 2009 Guam 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 But}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12340603\charrsid4340424 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 9 GCA \'a7 19.20(a)(2) is unambiguous and the unit of prosecution is each assault victim}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424835\charrsid4340424 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 herefore, the Superior Court rightly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 impos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 ed multiple and consecutive sentences as to the Aggravated Assault conviction}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8615693\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14825128\charrsid4340424 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018827 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6619976\charrsid4340424 [36]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195347\charrsid4340424 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 Accordingly, the Superior Court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4340424 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751615\charrsid4340424 judgment is }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 AFFIRMED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1922725 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts15\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9122294\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 __________________}{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 _______________}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 Associate Justice\cell _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 _________________}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 Associate Justice\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts15\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb \brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13506090\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \cell \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts15\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb \brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts15\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2268\clshdrawnil \cellx2160\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4914\clshdrawnil \cellx7074\clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2394\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13506090\yts15 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid9122294\yts15 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 _________________}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 /s/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 ___________________}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 ROBERT J. TORRES}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 Chief Justice\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid13506090\yts15 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2445549\charrsid2445549 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\lastrow \ts15\trqc\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb \brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2268\clshdrawnil \cellx2160\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4914\clshdrawnil \cellx7074\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2394\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4340424 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938516\charrsid4340424 \par }}