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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CORE TECH INTERNATIONAL CORP., \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8675918 Plaintiff-Appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 HANIL ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD., \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Defendant-Appellee. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA09-029 \par Superior Court Case No.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CV0692-09 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 OPINION \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid4794186 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid4794186 September 13, 2010}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par Cite as: 2010 Guam}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10160707\charrsid4794186 13}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and Submitted on May 4, 2010 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trrh1937\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9542\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4771\clshdrawnil \cellx4663\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4771\clshdrawnil \cellx9434\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11038564\charrsid4794186 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 or Plaintiff-Appellant: \par Anita P. Arriola, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 . \par Leevin T. Camacho, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 . \par Arriola, Cowan & Arriola \par 259 Martyr Street, Suite 201 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910 \par \par \cell }\pard \ql \fi317\li72\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin72\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11038564\charrsid4794186 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 or Defendant-Appellee: \par Helkei S. Hemminger, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 . \par Cesar C. Cabot, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 . \par Cabot Mantanona LLP \par Edge Building, Second Floor \par 929 South Marine Corps Drive \par Tamuning, GU 96913\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trrh1937\trleft-108\trftsWidth3\trwWidth9542\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl \brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4771\clshdrawnil \cellx4663\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4771\clshdrawnil \cellx9434\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par BEFORE: Chief Justice ROBERT J. TORRES; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CARBULLIDO, J.: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6503443\charrsid4794186 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Plaintiff-Appellant Core Tech International Corporation (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ) appeals from a grant of a motion to dismiss in favor of Defendant-Appellee Hanil Engineering & Construction Co., LTD}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ) in relation to a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech generally argues that the Superior Court erred when it granted Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, and failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech specifically argues that the Superior Court erred when it ruled:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 1) that Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s alleged failure to file its lien claim within the 150-day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3) divested the court of subject matter jurisdiction; 2) that Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s failure to serve notice of its action upon Hanil within the five-day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) divested the court of personal jurisdiction; and 3) that Core Tech}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s imperfect lien claim divested the court of jurisdiction, which necessarily meant that Core Tech had failed to stat e a claim for purposes of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In addition, Core Tech argues that the Superior Court erred when it failed to consider Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s opposition to Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion, which was admittedly late under }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041674\charrsid4794186 CVR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7.1(d)(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326877\charrsid4794186 of the Local Rules of the Superior Court.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004423\charrsid4794186 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We find that the Superior Court erred in granting Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, and failure to state a claim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court had subject matter jurisdiction over this matter even if Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim was untimely under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court had personal jurisdiction over Hanil because Core Tech substantially complied with 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech stated a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We also find that the Superior Court erred by not converting Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment upon consideration of the Declaration of Dav id Defant, which was extraneous material falling outside the narrow }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 exception.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Because a genuine dispute as to a material fact exists, i.e., when cessation of labor occurred for purposes of determining whether Core Tech} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim was timely under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3), we find reversal of the grant of Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion appropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004423\charrsid4794186 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, we reverse the Superior Court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s grant of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 I.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004423\charrsid4794186 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This is a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien dispute arising out of a 2008 agreement between Plaintiff-Appellant Core Tech and Kyung Maek C & D LLC (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Kyung Maek}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ) in which Core Tech agreed to perform clearing work on Kyung Maek}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Gun Beach Property in Tumon, Guam (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12859899\charrsid4794186 Defendant-Appellee Hanil is the successor in interest to Kyung Maek and current owner of said property.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s work on the property consisted of clearing; transplanting; grading; surveying; boring tests; the creation of a temporary access road; and other services benefitting the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In September 2008, Core Tech performed work on the property }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1052200\charrsid4794186 allegedly }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 valued at $826,800.00 under the agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid292487\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech alleges, and Hanil does not deny, that none of this amount has been paid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004423\charrsid4794186 [5]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On April 22, 2 009, Core Tech filed a complaint to foreclose on its mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien, which it filed with the Department of Land Management on February 13, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien was referenced in but not attached to the April 22, 2009 complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On June 8, 2009, Hani l filed a motion to dismiss the complaint based on a lack of personal jurisdiction; lack of subject matter jurisdiction; and failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In support of its motion to dismiss, Hanil filed two Declarations:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 one f rom Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Guam Manager, K.Y. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid292487\charrsid4794186 N}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 am, and one from David G. Defant, a contract archaeologist hired to perform archaeological monitoring on the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9004423\charrsid4794186 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court originally scheduled to hear Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss on June 30, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 However, at Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s request, Core Tech and Hanil stipulated to continue the hearing until July 15, 2009, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 or the next available date and time convenient to the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9851090\charrsid4794186 Plaintiff-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9851090\charrsid4794186 s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9851090\charrsid4794186 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , tab 9, at 1 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918512\charrsid4794186 Stip. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and Order for Continuance of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918512\charrsid4794186 Hr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918512\charrsid4794186 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , June 29, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The court granted the continuance and set the hearing for July 28, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On July 15, 2009, Core Tech filed a Notice of Filing Attachment containing a copy of the mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien it filed with the Dep artment of Land Management on February 13, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This Notice of Filing Attachment indicated that the lien should be attached to Core Tech}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s April 22, 2009, complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On July 20, 2009, Hanil filed its Motion to Strike Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Notice of Filing Attachment & Request for Sanctions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On July 22, 2009, Core Tech filed its Opposition to Motion to Strike Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Notice of Filing Attachment & Request for Sanctions, and its own sanctions request.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Also on July 22, 2009, Core Tech filed its opposition to Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Attached to its opposition was a declaration of Won Jong, Director of Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Estimating & Planning Department}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid292487\charrsid4794186 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and various correspondence and invoices indicating that Core Tech had performed work on the property through September 26, 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On July 24, 2009, Hanil filed its Motion to Strike Opposition to Dismissal & Reply.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 At the July 28, 2009 hearing, counsel for both Core Tech and Hanil went through some discussion about whether the Superior Court should accept Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s opposition to Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss, which was admittedly late under } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8150880\charrsid4794186 CVR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7.1(d)(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 of the Local Rules of the Superior Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 After this discussion, the court seemed to suggest that it would consider Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s late opposition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In its Decision and Order dated October 30, 2009, however, the court made it clear that it did not accept Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s late opposition.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Finding that Core Tech failed to file its opposition within the time prescribed }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Local Rule CVR 7.1(d)(1), the court granted Hani}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 l}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Motion to Strike Opposition to Dismissal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In the same Decision and Order, the Superior Court disposed of a number of the parties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 motions, essentially finding that:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over the matter because Core Tech failed to file its lien claim within the 150}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15672213\charrsid4794186 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 the court lacked personal jurisdiction over Hanil because Core Tech failed to serve Hanil with its complaint within the five}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15672213\charrsid4794186 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ; and Core Tech failed to state a claim }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 for purposes of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Rule 12(b)(6)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 because its untimely and therefore invalid lien claim deprived the court of jurisdiction over the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court also denied Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Motion to Strike Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Notice of Filing Attachment, finding that Core Tech had an absolute right under }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 Rule }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 15(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to amend its complaint up until the filing of a responsive pleading\emdash and here, Hanil had filed a motion to dismiss, which the court deemed not to be a responsive pleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In addition, the Superior Court denied Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s request for sanctions because Hanil did not violate Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7931459\charrsid4794186 , and further}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 denied Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s request for sanctions because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041674\charrsid4794186 CVR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7.1(k) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 of the Local Rules of the Superior Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 provides that it is within the court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s discretion to decide whether or not to impose sanctions and the court chose not to impose sanctions against Core Tech in this case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593687\charrsid4794186 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Notice of Entry on the Docket was filed that same day.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech timely appealed. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 II. JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This court has jurisdiction over }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089673\charrsid4794186 this}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089673\charrsid4794186 appeal pursuant to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 25102(e)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089673\charrsid4794186 , which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 allows an appeal in a civil action or proceeding to be taken }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [f]rom an order discharging or refusing to discharge an attachment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 25102(e) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Because this court has found that a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien is analogous to an attachment,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Guam Top Builders, Inc. v. Tanota Partners}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2006 Guam 3 \'b6 7, an appeal of the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s October 30, 2009 Decision and Order is a matter of right provided for by law.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (citations omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK3}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK4} \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Review of a dismissal for failure to state a claim is }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 First Hawaiian Bank v. Manley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2007 Guam 2 }{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 6 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Kelson v. City of Springfield}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 767 F.2d 651, 653 (9th Cir. 1985)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Pursuant to this court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s power on appeal to convert a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a summary judgment motion, the appropriate standard to review the grant of a motion for summary judgment is also }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Iizuka Corp. v. Kawasho Int}{ \cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 l (Guam)}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ,}{ \cs19\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Inc.}{\cs19\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 1997 Guam 10 \'b6 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Bagdadi v. Nazar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 84 F.3d 1194, 1197 (9th Cir. 1996)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Wasson v. Berg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2007 Guam 16 \'b6 9 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Nat}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2003 Guam 19 \'b6 12).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 We review }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 de novo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 decisions to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 Amerault v. Intelcom Support Servs., Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 , 2004 Guam 23 \'b6 9 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 Perez v. Guam Hous. & Urban Renewal Auth.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 , 2000 Guam 33 \'b6 9).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We review }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 decisions to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 PCI Comms., Inc. v. GST Pacwest Telecom Haw}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 1999 Guam 17 \'b6 15 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 People v. Quichocho}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 1997 Guam 13 \'b6 3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 We also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 review }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 issues of statutory interpretation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Quichocho v. Macy}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Dept. Stores, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2008 Guam 9 \'b6 13 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Carlson v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 16).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK3}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK4}IV. DISCUSSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech argues that the Superior Court erred by granting Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lack of personal jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 First, Core Tech argues that the Sup erior Court erred when it ruled that Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s alleged failure to file its lien claim within the 150-day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7 \'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3) divested the court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521783 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid3499029 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 During the May 4, 2010 oral argument, counsel for Hanil conceded that}{ \fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid3499029 under }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid3499029 Castino v. G.C. Corp}{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186 .}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid3499029 , 2010 Guam 3}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 , an imperfect lien claim does not divest the Superior Court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 We choose, however, to expound upon this issue. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Second, Core Tech argues that the Superior Court erred when it ruled that Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s failure to serve notice of its action upon Hanil within the five-day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) divested the court of personal jurisdiction over Hanil.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Third, Core Tech argues that the Superior Court erred when it ruled that an imperfect lien claim necessarily divests a court of jurisdiction and means that the lien claimant has failed to state a claim for purposes of a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Each of these arguments is addressed in turn.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Subject Matter Jurisdiction}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Timeliness of Core Tech}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Lien Claim Under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Guam has its own statutory construction }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089673\charrsid4794186 analysis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 for determining whether a lien claimant bringing an action under our mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute has complied with the statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8089673\charrsid4794186 analysis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 is set out in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino v. G.C. Corp}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Where the statute is clear on its face, i.e., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 where the statute lays out specific requirements and indicates exactly what is necessary for compliance without ambiguous terms,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 we apply a plain reading construction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 29-30.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Where the statute is not clear on its face, i.e., }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [w]here the statute does not prescribe specifically what is required . . . [,]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 we apply a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 fair and reasonable}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 construction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 38.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In applying the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 fair and reasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 construction, the court must determine whether the lien claimant or property owner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 complied to some extent with the statutor y requirements and whether such compliance is sufficient to constitute substantial compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 30.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 substantial compliance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 test requires examination of the underlying policy of the statutory requirement, the relevant statutory language as a wh ole and evaluation of the degree of non-compliance, and the prejudice suffered by the property owner or third parties from non-compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 58.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The statutory section at issue with respect to the Superior Court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s purported lack of subject matter jurisdiction is 7 GCA \'a7 33302.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Section 33302(a) provides that all contractors and other persons claiming the benefit of the statute, after having performed any work of improvement on real property in Guam, may file for record with the Department of Land M anagement, a claim of lien, provided said claim is timely.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33302(a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Section 33302(c) instructs owners of real property to file for record a notice of completion within 10 days after the completion of the work of improvement.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33302(c) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 If no such notice is filed, section 33302(c) goes on to state that any person claiming the benefit of the statute shall have 90 days after the completion of such work of improvement within which to file their claims of lien.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Section 3 3302(d)(3) then instructs that completion is equivalent to a cessation of labor for a continuous period of 60 days after a work of improvement has begun.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33302(d)(3) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Section 33302(f) further instructs that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [i]f, after the commencement of a work of improvement, there shall be a cessation of labor thereon for a continuous period of sixty (60) days, then all persons claiming the benefit of this Title shall within ninety (90) days from the expiration of such sixty (60) day period file for reco rd their claims of lien[.] . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33302(f) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6779206\charrsid4794186 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Construed together, these sections provide that any claimant filing his claim of lien under a cessation of labor theory has 150 days from the day he stops working on the property to record his lien claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This court approved this conclusion in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana v. Rosario, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 2000 Guam 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 \'b6 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , and again in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino v. G.C. Corp}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 \'b6 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The plaintiff in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 was a subcontractor who had contracted with a general contractor who himself contr acted with a married couple to construct a residential home on their property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 Apana}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 , 2000 Guam 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 2-4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The contract price for the construction of the home was $75,000.00 with periodic draws of $15,000.00, which were to be paid out in accordance with a schedule of completion for the various stages of construction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 After learning that the bank that had approved the couple}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s application for the mortgage home loan would not release further draws until the general contractor was bonded, the subcontractor, Apana, stopped construction on the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana stopped working on the property on April 13, 1992, and filed his claim of lien exactly 150 days later.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Construing 7 GCA \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 33302(b) and (d)(3) to provide that a claimant has 150 days after cessation of labor to file his claim of lien, this court deemed Apana}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim timely and reversed that part of the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s decision to the contrary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 } {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 26; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 see also Manvil Corp. v. E.C. Gozum & Co. Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 1998 Guam 20 \'b6 8 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Under [a] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 cessation of labor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 theory, Manvil would be entitled to file its lien 150 days (60 plus 90 days) after the cessation of labor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , we revisited our decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , clarifying that the time requirements set out in 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(b), (c), and (d)(3), were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 clear on their face.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6 27.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We validated our holding in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and denominated as plain these sections}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 prescription that a lien claimant under a cessation of labor theory has 150 days to record his lien claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Apana}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2000 Guam 7 \'b6\'b6 16-18).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We reasoned that because this timely filing requirement was so }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 clearly and specifically laid out,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 a plain reading construction was appropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 29.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Although we need not look to California case law construing the same statutory sections here at issue,}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521783 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 Guam adopted its mechanics\rquote lien statute}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 s}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 from California.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 Castino v. G.C. Corp.}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 , 2010 Guam 3}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 \'b6}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 22}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 .}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 Therefore, California case law interpreting those mechanics\rquote lien statutes is persuasive authority.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 Id. }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 \'b6 22; }{ \i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 see also}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186 People v. }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 Aguado}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 , 948 F.2d 1116, 1118 (9th Cir. 1991) (\'93 [D]ecisions of California courts are persuasive on issues of statutory construction and the effect of laws which predate the enactment of the territorial laws of Guam and which precisely follow California }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 statutes.\'94).}{ \fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 S}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 ections 1193.1(c) and (d)(3) of the California Code of Civil Procedure}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 are the statutory progenitors of }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8023259 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3)}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 (2005).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 even a cursory examination reveals that a lien claimant under a cessation of labor theory has 150 days to file its lien claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Gensler v. Larry Barrett, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , a general contractor and an architect brought against a building owner an action to foreclose mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 liens in connection with services they had performed in remodeling portions of the owner}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s building for its lessee.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 499 P.2d 503, 50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (Cal. 1972).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Gensler}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , the plaintiffs argued that they were entitled to a period of 150 days within which to file their notice of lien; the defendant building owner refuted that they were entitled only to 90 days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 at 508.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The California Supreme Court agree d with the plaintiffs, finding that sections 1193.1(c) and (d)(3) of the California Code of Civil Procedure provided a plaintiff 150 days after cessation of labor to file his claim of lien.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 510.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Because sections 1193.1(c) and (d)(3) of California}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Code of Civil Procedure are the statutory progenitors of 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3), Core Tech had 150 days after cessation of labor to file its lien claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The legally significant question is:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 When did cessation of labor occur?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech asserts that cessation of labor occurred on September 26, 2008.}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521783 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid12481778 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 It should be noted that Core Tech\rquote s actual lien claim, which was filed with the Department of Land Management on February 13, 2009, indicates that cessation of labor occurred \'93on or about September 20, 2008.\'94}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid12481778 ER, tab 10 at 2 (Not}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 .}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid12481778 of Filing Attachment, July 15, 2009).}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 This is legally insignificant because even if cessation of labor occurred as early as September 20, 2008, Core Tech\rquote s lien claim would still be timely under }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid12481778 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3)}{ \fs20\insrsid4794186 ; that is, it would have been filed within 150 days after cessation of labor.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In support of this assertion, Core Tech attached to its opposition a declaration of Won Jong, Director of Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Estimating & Planning Department, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 nd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 var ious correspondence and invoices indicating that Core Tech had performed work on the property through September 26, 2008.}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176140\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521783 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid6176140 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 The Jong Declaration and other documents should have been considered by the trial court.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 The trial court should have converted Hanil\rquote s motion to one for summary judgment.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{ \i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid6176140 See}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 discussion of Conversion of Hanil\rquote s Rule 12(b)(6) Motion Into a Rule 56 Motion at page 12 herein.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 Under Rules 12(c) and 56(c), evidence from the adverse party may be filed the day before the hearing.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 Thus, these papers were timely filed.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In its Decision and Order, the Superior Court summarily concluded that cessation of labor occurred on August 15, 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This conclusion was based on a single statement made in a single declaration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This statement was that of David G. Defant, made upon information and belief, in a declaration filed by Hanil in support of its dismissal motion.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Defant is a contract archaeologist who was originally hired by Kyung Maek to carry out an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 archaeological mitigation plan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in conj unction with construction work on the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The sole statement cited by the Superior Court to support its conclusion that cessation of labor occurred on August 15, 2008, reads as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Upon information and belief, PHRI halted archaeological monitoring of the construction activity at the Gun Beach Development Property on August 15, 2008}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 ER, tab 6, at 1 \'b6 4 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079118\charrsid4794186 Decl. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 of David G. Defant, June 8, 2009).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 However, the date PHRI halted archaeological monitoring is not necessarily determinative of when Cor e Tech halted work on the project.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In order to determine whether Core Tech}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim was timely filed, i.e., within the prescribed 150-day period, we must determine when cessation of labor actually occurred.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As explained above, because there is a genuine dispute as to this material fact, reversal of t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 grant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7019871\charrsid4794186 of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6702271\charrsid4794186 dismissal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 motion is proper.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Indeed, reversal is warranted}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7624556\charrsid4794186 nonetheless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in light of our recent decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby v. Gov}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 t}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 of Guam}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Conversion of Hanil}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Rule 12(b)(6) Motion Into a Rule 56 Motion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5007097\charrsid4794186 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , we held that a trial court, in ruling on a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16478016\charrsid4794186 Rule }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, must convert the dismissal motion into a summary judgment motion whenever it considers extraneous material outside the pleadings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Our holding in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 accords with the general rule that a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss must be converted into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment whenever }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 matters outside the pleadings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 are presented to and considered by the court: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 If, on a motion asserting the defense numbered (6) to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state a clai m upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the pleadings are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56, and all parties shall be given reasonable opp ortunity to present all material made pertinent to such motion by Rule 56.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Guam R. Civ. P. 12(b); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 See Carter v. Stanton}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 405 U.S. 669, 671 (1972) (finding that the consideration of matters outside the pleadings, on a hearing for a motion to dismiss, required converting the motion into one for summary judgment and disposing of it as provided by Rule 56); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Lee v. City of L.A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 250 F.3d 668, 688 (9th Cir. 2001) (reciting the general rule that a court may not consider any material outside the pleadings in ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In ruling on a 12(b)(6) motion, a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid402506\charrsid4794186 court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid402506\charrsid4794186 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 consideration is limited to the complaint, written instruments attached to the complaint as exhibits, statements or documents incorporated in the complaint by reference, and documents on which the complaint heavily relies.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Mercado Arocho v. United States, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 455 F. Supp. 2d 15, 19 (D.P.R. 2006) (quotation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , we stated that a possible exception to the general rule is where the extraneous material is so }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 integral}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to the plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s complaint that it is dispositive of the issue, and the plaintiff can be said to have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 necessarily}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 relied upon it.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 4 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 15 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hotel Employees & Rest. Employees Local 2 v. Vista Inn Mgmt. Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 393 F. Supp. 2d 972, 979 (N.D. Cal. 2005)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 see also Parrino v. FHP, Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 146 F.3d 699, 706 (9th Cir. 1998) (finding that in ruling on a 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, a court may consider outside documents upon which the plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s complaint }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 necessarily relies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ), }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 superseded by statute on other grounds as recognized in Abrego Abrego v. Dow Chem. Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 443 F.3d 676, 681 (9th Cir. 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In this exceptional circumstance, a trial court may consider extraneous material in ruling on a 12(b)(6) dismissal motion without converting the motion into one for summary judgment; otherwise, the failure to so convert the motion is error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 4 \'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928530\charrsid4794186 The only extraneous material outside the pleadings that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13185658\charrsid4794186 trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928530\charrsid4794186 considered and cited to in support of its conclusion that cessation of labor occurred on August }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11362511\charrsid4794186 15, 2008, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928530\charrsid4794186 was the Defant Declaration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928530\charrsid4794186 did not prepare or submit this Declaration and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 cannot be said to have necessarily relied upon the terms or effects of the Defant declaration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11564175\charrsid4794186 in preparing its complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11564175\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 the Superior Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11564175\charrsid4794186 erred in }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 not convert}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928530\charrsid4794186 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Upon conversion, the requirements of Rule 56 become opera ble and the matter proceeds as would any motion made directly under that rule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 19 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 S & S Lodging Co., Inc. v. Barker}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 366 F.2d 617, 623 (9th Cir. 1966)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Nevertheless, in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , we heeded the United States Supreme Court and deemed it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 contrary to the interests of judicial economy and ultimately unhelpful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to remand the matter back to the trial court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1928571\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1928571\charrsid4794186 \'b6 19 & n.1}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Sec. & Exch. Comm}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 n. v. Chenery Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 318 U.S. 80, 88 (1943) (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 It would be wasteful to send a case back to a lower court to reinstate a decision which it had already made but which the appellate court concluded should properly be based on another ground within the power of the appellate court to formulate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 );}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 accord S & S Lodging Co., Inc. v. Barker}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 366 F.2d 617, 623 (9th Cir. 1966) (finding that because the whole case was before the appellate court and because no counter showing was made contradicting the record at the trial level, it would be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 wasteful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to remand for the consideration of the summary judgment motion).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Our decision not to remand in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , however, was chiefly informed by the fact that the determination of governmental liability at issue was a question of law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7624556\charrsid4794186 ; }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 therefore, the production by the parties of supplemental additional materials would not have helped.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 4 \'b6 19 n.1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This is not the case here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734801\charrsid4794186 A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Core Tech rightly argues, the question of when cessation of labor occurred is a question of fact.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, remand for purposes of determining when cessation of labor occurred is proper}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6702271\charrsid4794186 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and reversal of the grant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6702271\charrsid4794186 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion is warranted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Reversal is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6702271\charrsid4794186 further appropriate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in light of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6702271\charrsid4794186 our recent decision in}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino v. G.C. Corp}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 3.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Effect of an Imperfect Lien Claim on Subject Matter Jurisdiction}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 unequivocally}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 instructs that an imperfect lien claim does not divest a trial court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , G.C. Corp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 GC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ) signed an agreement with Guam Resorts, Inc. to be the prime contractor on a construction project on property owned by Guam Resorts, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Later, GC subcontracted with a variety of businesses to provide labor and/or materials for the project.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Eventually, all of these subcontractor businesses filed lien claims as well as foreclosure actions stemming from the project, which were consolidated at the trial court level and again on appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 At issue in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 was whether or not each party}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim complied with the requirements of 7 GCA \'a7 33301(a) or 7 GCA \'a7 33302(i), or both.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734801\charrsid4794186 Title }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33301(a) provides that lien claimants must give written notice to the property owner and original contractor at least fifteen days prior to filing his lien; failure to do so invalidates the lien.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 53-56.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Title 7 GCA \'a7 33302(i) provides that lien claims must be signed and verified and must also contain five enumerated things, none of which are relevant here.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 31 n.2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 There, what was specifically at issue was the verification requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , the trial court dismissed all of the foreclosure actions, }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because each party}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim failed to meet the requirements of 7 GCA \'a7 33301(a) or 7 GCA \'a7 33302(i), or both, thus invalidating the liens.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The trial court held that because there was a defect in the requirements for a claim of lien under the mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute, 7 GCA}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13322427\charrsid4794186 \'a7 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 33302, the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the claims, thereby making the statute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s requirements jurisdictional.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Finding that Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 does not refer to any element of the lien claim as being a jurisdictional requirement,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 19, and finding further that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 the Guam Legislature did not clearly express any intent to make the elements of a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien claim jurisdictional,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , this court reversed the trial court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 sua sponte}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 dismissal of the actions, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 60, declaring said dismissal a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 drive-by jurisdictional ruling.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 As relied upon and cited to in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 , t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 he United States Supreme Court addressed the specific issue of statutory compliance and subject matter jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 n }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Arbaugh v. Y. & H. Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 546 U.S. 500}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 (2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 There, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Ms. Arbaugh, a waitress/bartender, sued her former employer, Y & H, for sexual harassment under Title VII.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1789456\charrsid4794186 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 503-04.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Y & H moved to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, arguing that it had fewe r than 15 employees, which was a prerequisite to Title VII}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 504.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Y & H argued that since the court had no jurisdiction, Y & H was not amenable to suit under Title VII.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The trial court agreed that the 15-or-more employee requirement was jurisdictional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 509.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Supreme Court reversed, holding that while the employee requirement related to the substantive adequacy of Arbaugh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s claim, it did not divest the federal court of subject matter of jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 504.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Rather, it was a defect in the plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s claim that, if not timely asserted before the conclusion of the trial on the merits, was deemed waived.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [38]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Supreme Court went on t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 bemoan that it is often the case that judicial opinions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 obscure the issue by stating that the court is dismissing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 for lack of jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 when some threshold fact has not been established, without explicitly considering whether the dismissal should be for lack of subject matter jurisdiction or for failure to state a claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 511 (citations omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [39]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Finding that Core Tech failed to comply with the 150-day requirement prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3), the Superior Court in the instant case held that this non-compliance necessarily divested the court of subject matter jurisdiction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 As in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 Castino}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 Arbaugh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 , t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 ruling was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 erroneous}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [40]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Whether the Superior Court had personal ju risdiction over Hanil is addressed next.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Personal Jurisdiction}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Notice Under 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b)}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13183671\charrsid4794186 [41]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The section of our mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute at issue with respect to the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s purported lack of personal jurisdiction provides:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Notice of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 such proceedings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 shall be given or filed within five (5) days after the commencement thereof to the same persons and in the same manner as provided in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Article 2 of this Chapter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 with respect to notice of claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) (2005) (emphases added).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [42]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 It is this court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s considered position that 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) is ambiguous inasmuch as it references }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 such proceedings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Article 2 of this Chapter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Each ambiguity is addressed in turn.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [43]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In order to determine to what }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 such proceedings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 refers, section 33402(b) must be read in conjunction with the preceding section of the statute, section 33402(a), which provides in pertinent part:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (a) Time for commencing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 action}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 : limitation of time for withholding }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 money or bond}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 : dismissal for want of prosecution: effect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 No}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 action}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to enforce the payment of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 any}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 claim, notice of which may be given pursuant to Article 2, shall be commenced against the owner prior to the expiration of the period within which claims of lien must be filed for record, as prescribed by this Chapter, nor shall }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 such suit be commenced later than ninety (90) days following the expiration of such period.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 No }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 money or bond}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 shall be withheld by reason of any such notice as is prescribed by this Chapter l onger than said ninety (90) days following the expiration of such period, unless proceedings be commenced in a proper court within that time by the claimant to enforce his claim[.]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2294616 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7 GCA \'a7 33402(a) (2005) (emphases added).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On the one hand, the five-day n otice requirement set out in subsection (b) could be said to apply not only to stop-notices, as Core Tech suggests, but rather to any and all actions to enforce the payment of any claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This construction is supported by the use of the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 any}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 any claim}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 any such suit.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 If this is the case, then the five-day requirement set out in 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) would apply to any action, including an action to foreclose a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 On the other hand, the five-day notice requirement set out in subsection (b) could be said to apply only to stop-notices, not mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 liens.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The repeated references in subsection (a) to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 money or bond,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 may indicate that the five-day requirement set out in 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) applies to stop-notices, as opposed to mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 liens.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This construction is supported by the fact that the primary difference between a stop-notice and a mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien is that the former attaches a lien to moneys while the latter attaches a lien to land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Mech}{ \cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14514235\charrsid4794186 .}{\cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Wholesale Corp. v. Fuji Bank, Ltd.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 50 Cal. Rptr. 2d 466, (Ct. App. 1996) (citing }{\cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Connolly Dev., Inc. v. Super}{\cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14514235\charrsid4794186 .}{ \cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 C}{\cs22\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14514235\charrsid4794186 t.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 553 P.2d 637, 642 (Cal. 1976)).}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294616\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\insrsid2622874\charrsid155275 [44]}{\b\insrsid15204663\charrsid155275 }{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, the reference to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 such proceedings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) is not clear on its face under a }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 analysis, i.e., it does not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 indicate[] exactly what is necessary for compliance without ambiguous terms.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6 26.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [45]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The reference to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Article 2 of this Chapter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 in 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) is similarly ambiguous.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The former California Code of Civil Procedure, from which our mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute originates, contained an entire article devoted to stop notices, Article 2, titled }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Stop Notices.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 See}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Br. at Addendum 4}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1392671\charrsid4794186 (Feb. 22, 2010)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Guam Legislature, in adopting the Guam statute, omitted this article in its entirety.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Br. at 25}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1392671\charrsid4794186 (Mar. 23, 2010)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As Hanil points out in its brief, Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Article 2 is titled }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Liens of Mechanics and Others Upon Real Property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 27.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech essentially argues that the Guam Legislature inadvertently failed to adopt the stop-notice remedy from Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Br. at 23.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil counters that the Guam Legislature intentionally omitted the stop-notice remedy from our mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statutory framework.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Both propositions are at least plausible and because this court cannot ascertain with certainty the legislative intent as to this particular point, the more principled construction is that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5013261\charrsid4794186 the reference to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5013261\charrsid4794186 Article 2 of this Chapter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718763\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 is ambiguous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 Fla}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14514235\charrsid4794186 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 Dep}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 t of Revenue v. Piccadilly Cafeterias, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 , }{ \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 128 S. Ct. 2326, 2328 (2008) (reasoning that the better of two credible interpretations of a statute is the one that least strain}{ \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 s}{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 the statutory text).}{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11564175\charrsid4794186 T}{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 o presume that the legislature more or less inadvertently failed to adopt the stop-notice remedy from our mechanics}{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 lien statute }{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 would place }{\cs25\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 more strain on the statutory text than to presume that the legislature }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 intentionally omitted the remedy from our statutory framework.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 See}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 , e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 Yellow Freight Sys., Inc. v. Donnelly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16325056\charrsid4794186 , 494 U.S. 820, 823 (1990) (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 reasoning that the omission of certain language in the statutory scheme is evidence of legislative intent to leave such language out); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952473\charrsid4794186 Am. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 Hosp. Ass}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 n v. N.L.R.B.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12734393\charrsid4794186 , 499 U.S. 606, 613 (1991) (same).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [46]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Under }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , we apply the fair and reasonable construction when the statute is ambiguous.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 38.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In applying the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 fair and reasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 construction, we must determine whether the lien claimant or property owner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 complied to some extent with the statutory requirements and whether such compliance is sufficient to constitute substantial compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 30.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 substantial compliance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 t est requires examination of the underlying policy of the statutory requirement, the relevant statutory language as a whole and evaluation of the degree of non-compliance, and the prejudice suffered by the property owner or third parties from non-complianc e.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 58.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Substantial Compliance}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2512229 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 a.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Underlying policy behind the five-day notice requirement}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [47]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 One California case specifically addresses the underlying policy behind this five-day notice requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Sunlight Elec. Supply Co. v. McKee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 a stop-notice proceeding was brought by an unpaid supplier of a subcontractor on a school construction project.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 37 Cal. Rptr. 782, 783}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15532128\charrsid4794186 (Dist. Ct. App. 1964)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 At issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 on appeal was whether compliance with the five-day requirement of section 1197.1(b)}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11276270 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid2166067 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 Ca lifornia Code of Civil Procedure }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid8459421 \'a7 1197.1(b) is the progenitor of 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b).}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid2166067 See}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid2166067 7 GCA \'a7 33402 (2005).}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 of the California Code of Civil Procedure was a necessary prerequisite to the rendition of a judgment in favor of the materialman in a stop-notice proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7624556\charrsid4794186 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7624556\charrsid4794186 at 784.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 There, the trial court found substantial compliance with the statute in the supplier}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s service of notice fourteen days after commencement of the action, which was nine days after the prescribed statutory notice requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The court stated that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [t]he various steps and time requirements as to filings and services of notice are for th e purpose of providing protective measures and a necessary warning to those to whom notice is to be given or upon whom service is to be made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The court went on to say that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 if no right of the servicee or any person or entity who could legally claim un der the servicee is adversely affected by failure to comply with the time for service requirement, then the requirement unless made so by specific mandate, is not a jurisdictional factor requiring the collapse of any remedy of which such notice or service forms a part.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 (citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Patten-Blinn Lumber Co. v. Francis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 333 P.2d 255, 258 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1958)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Although California courts use substantial compliance in determining whether a mechanic}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien claim is valid, whereas we have adopted a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 fair and reasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 construction, this case expounds upon the policy behind the notice requirement, explaining that said requirement is met even where notice is given after the prescribed period of time, unless the other party is adversely affected by the non-compliance.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2512229 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 b.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Degree of Core Tech}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s non-compliance and prejudice suffered by Hanil}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [48]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The degree of non-compliance is probably minimal because although Core Tech was 22 days late in serving Hanil, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 McKee}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 seems to suggest that a late notice is acceptable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Without more, this court would be hard pressed to find a legally significant distinction between notice served 14 days late (as in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 McKee}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ) and notice served 22 days late (as in the instant case).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Moreover, the prejudice suffered by Hanil seems to be slight, if any, because Hanil, as the undisputed property owner in this case, wa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11564175\charrsid4794186 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 aware of the labor performed by Core Tech on its property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Moreover, to reason to the contrary would subvert the entire purpose of the mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien statute, which is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to afford materialmen and laborers the security intended by the legislation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s remedial purpose.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 2010 Guam 3 \'b6 25 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Manvil Corp. v. E.C. Gozum & Co., Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 1998 Guam 20 \'b6 17).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As we declared in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [t]he unifying thread that is found throughout California case law is the principle that where the purpose of the requirement of the statute is achieved and no one is prejudiced, technical requirements shall not stand in the way of achieving the purpose of the mechanics}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \'b6 46 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Wand Corp. v. San Gabriel Valley Lumber Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 46 Cal. Rptr. 486, 490 (Dist. Ct. App. 1965)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Under a }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Castino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 fair and reasonable construction, Core Tech substantially complied with the requirements of 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b), thus making valid the untimely notice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2512229 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 c.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Detriment}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4794186 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [49]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Regardless of whether Core Tech gave timely notice to Hanil, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 McKee }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 held that the lower court there had personal jurisdiction over the property owners despite an untimely notice filed by the supplier.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 McKee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16193281\charrsid4794186 , 37 Cal. Rptr. 782,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 784-85.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 The court addressed the question}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9841121\charrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9768433\charrsid4794186 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 whether a statutory requirement that a notice of pendency be served on the owners of the property within five days of the commencement of the action was a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The appellate court answere d in the negative, noting the prime contractor suffered no prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As stated above, the plaintiff supplier failed to serve notice of his stop-notice action within five days after commencement of the action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The court held that unless some detrim ent could be shown to have resulted to the complaining litigant from the nine-day-late notice, the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s failure to comply with the statutory requirement to serve notice within five days after commencement of the stop-notice proceeding was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 not mandatory but merely directory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 and did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 not result in divestiture of jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 785.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2622874\charrsid4794186 [50]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech, like the plaintiff supplier in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 McKee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , failed to serve Hanil notice within five days after commencement of the action, i.e., by April 27, 2009.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech served Hanil with the complaint and summons on May 19, 2009, or 22 days late.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 Similarly, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 has shown}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 no detriment because of the late notice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798865\charrsid4794186 Therefore,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 it stands to reason that Core Tech, like the plaintiff in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 McKee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , substantially complied with 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b) despite the 22-day-late notice; the theory being that failure to comply with the five-day requirement is not mandatory and does not work a divestiture of personal jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678322\charrsid4794186 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 C.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Failure to State a Claim }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [51]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court granted Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim because it erroneously reasoned that Core Tech}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s failure to file its lien claim within the 150-day period prescribed by 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3) divested the cou rt of jurisdiction, which in turn meant that Core Tech was unable to state a claim for purposes of Rule 12(b)(6).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As articulated above, reversal of the grant of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter and personal jurisdiction is warranted.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The third and final dispositive issue is whether the court erred in granting Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [52]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 While a complaint attacked by a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss need not contain detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s obligation to provide the grounds of his entitlement to relief }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 requires more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \~ }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (citations omitted).\~ A complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \~ }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 561 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Conley v. Gibson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 (1957)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5456459\charrsid4794186 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5456459\charrsid4794186 Taitano v. Calvo Finance Corp. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5456459\charrsid4794186 , 2009 Guam 9 \'b6 6 (quotation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In an action to foreclose a mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien, a complaint or an attached copy of the notice of lien }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 must show a substantial compliance with the statute as to the contents and filing of the notice of lien.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \~ }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Clements v. T.R. Bechtel Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 273 P.2d 5, 12 (Cal. 1954).\~ It must show that the claim of lien was filed within the prescribed period,\~}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , and must also show }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 the kind of work done, or materials furnished.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \~ }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 at 13. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [53]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Reading Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 ' }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s complaint and mechanics}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 lien together,}{ \cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7081179 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid2312387 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Although Core Tech\rquote s complaint referenced Core Tech\rquote s lien claim, the lien claim was not attached to the complaint.}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Guam Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) provides, \'93[a] party may amend the party\rquote s pleading once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served . . . \'94}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Guam R. Civ. P. 15(a) (2008).}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{ \fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Because a motion to dismiss is not a responsive pleading within the meaning of Rule 15(a), }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Rhoades v. Avon Products, Inc}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 ., 504 F.3d 1151, 1158 n.5 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing }{\i\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 Miles v. Dep\rquote t of Army}{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid7081179 , 881 F.2d 771, 781 (9th Cir. 1989)), Core Tech had a right, as a matter of law, to amend its complaint by attaching its lien claim to it.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech has set forth sufficient facts showing that it is entitled to relief.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech alleges that it entered into a construction contract with Kyung Maek C&D LLC for work on property Hanil now incontestably owns.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This work is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1052200\charrsid4794186 allegedly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 valued at $826,800.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 This work consisted of clearing; transplanting; grading; surveying; boring tests; the creation of a temporary access road; and other services benefitting the property.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech alleges, and Hanil does not deny, that none of this amount has been paid.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Due to Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s non-payment, Core Tech stopped work on the property on or about September 20, 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech further alleges that it recorded its lien claim with the Department of Land Management on February 13, 2009, under Instrument No. 786058.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ER, tab 1 \'b6 8 (Compl.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13329967\charrsid4794186 , Apr. 22, 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Taking these allegations as true,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Twombly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 , 550 U.S. 544, 555, Core Tech has set forth the kind of factual allegations that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 raise a right to relief above the speculative level.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Put plainly, Core Tech has stated a claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 D.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Opposition to Hanil}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Dismissal Motion}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [54]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041674\charrsid4794186 CVR}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 7.1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14514235\charrsid4794186 of the Local Rules of the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 governs motion practice in the Superior Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Under Local Rule CVR 7.1(d)(1), any opposition to a motion must be served upon all parties and filed with the clerk }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 not less than fourteen (14) days preceding the noticed date of oral argument.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CVR 7.1(d)(1).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Local Rule CVR 7.1(f) instructs that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 [p]apers not timely filed by a party including any memoranda or other papers required to be filed under this Rule shall not be considered without leave of court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CVR 7.1(f).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Local Rule CVR 7.1(k) further provides that the court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 need not consider motions, opposi tions to motions or briefs or memoranda that do not comply with this Rule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 CVR 7.1(k).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [55]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11539641\charrsid4794186 ultimately }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 scheduled to hear Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion on July 28, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In order to comply with Local Rule CVR 7.1(d)(1), Core Tech had to have filed its opposition }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5456459\charrsid4794186 memorandum }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 to Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion no later than July 14, 2009, or 14 days preceding the noticed date of oral argument.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech did not file its opposition until July 22, 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Thus, under the rule, Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s opposition was nine days late.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 At the July 28, 2009 hearing, counsel for both Core Tech and Hanil went through some discussion about whether the Superior Court should accept Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11539641\charrsid4794186 untimely }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 opposition to Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11539641\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 After this discussion, the court seemed to suggest that it would consider Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s opposition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 In its Decision and Order, however, the court made it clear that it did not accept Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s opposition.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Finding that Core Tech failed to file its opposition within the time prescribed by Local Rule CVR 7.1(d)(1), the court granted Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s Motion to Strike Opposition to Dismissal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\delrsid12193013\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [56]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s untimely opposition is legally insignificant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11539641\charrsid4794186 for purposes of the instant appeal }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 because reversal of the grant of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion is warranted all the same.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 As articulated above, the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s order granting Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion was problematic on a number of grounds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, whether or not the Superior Court specifically erred by not considering Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s untimely opposition is not dispositive in this matter and we need not address it.}{\cs21\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5456459\charrsid4794186 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11276270 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs21\fs20\super\insrsid4794186\charrsid5456459 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186 Furthermore, the trial court\rquote s consideration of declarations under Rules 12(c) and 56(c) should be viewed differently than the untimely pleading consideration under Rule 7.1(d)(1).}{\fs20\insrsid15204663 }{\fs20\insrsid4794186\charrsid2842354 See n.4}{\fs20\insrsid4794186 above.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 {\*\bkmkstart sp_999_7}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_7}{\*\bkmkend sp_999_7}{\*\bkmkend SDU_7}V. CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2512229\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [57]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We find that the Superior Court erred in granting Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, lack of personal jurisdiction, and failure to state a claim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court had subject matter jurisdiction over this matter even if Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim was untimely under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 The Superior Court had personal jurisdiction over Hanil because Core Tech substantially complied with 7 GCA \'a7 33402(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Core Tech stated a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 We also find that the Superior Court erred by not converting Hanil}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss into a Rule 56 motion for summary judgment upon consideration of the Declaration of David }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5859041\charrsid4794186 G. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Defant, which was extraneous material falling outside the narrow }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Newby }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 exception.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Because a genuine dispute as to a material fact exists, i.e., when cessation of labor occurred for purposes of determining whether Core Tech}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s lien claim was timely under 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 33302(c) and (d)(3), we find reversal of the grant of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion appropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663\charrsid4794186 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371610\charrsid4794186 [58]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 Accordingly, the Superior Court}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s grant of Hanil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 s dismissal motion is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 REVERSED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4794186 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14746428\charrsid4794186 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15204663 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid15204663 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO \par Associate Justice \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15204663 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid15204663 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15204663 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663\charrsid15204663 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid15204663 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663\charrsid15204663 Associate Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid15204663 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15204663 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15204663\charrsid15204663 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15204663 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16019091\charrsid15204663 ROBERT J. TORRES \par Chief Justice \par }}