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{\title People v. Stephens, CRA08-003 (consolidated)}{\subject criminal}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\doccomm People v. Stephens, CM0061-08, People v. Deliguin, CM0060-08 and People v. Michael, CM00t2-08}{\operator sam_f}
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The People of Guam}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Plaintiff-Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Luis Santos Deliguin}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Defendant-Appellee.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The People of Guam}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Plaintiff-Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Anthony S. Michael}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Defendant-Appellee.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4618395\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 OPINION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15999672\charrsid6768225 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15999672\charrsid6768225 September 3, 2009}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Cite as: 2009}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225  Guam }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4590227\charrsid6768225 8}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA08-003}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par Superior Court Case No}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 .: }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 CM0061-08, CM0060-08, CM0062-08}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 April 29, 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Mangilao}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 , Guam
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6768225 {
\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appell}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ant}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 :
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Jonathan R. Quan}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 Esq}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Assistant}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225  Attorney General
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 Office of the Attorney General
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 287 W O\rquote Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 U}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225  96910\cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 Appearing for Defendant-Appell
}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ee}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 :}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Maria G. Fitzpatrick}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 Esq.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 Assistant Public Defender
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 Public Defender Serv. Corp.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 110 W. O\rquote Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 U}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225  96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr
\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4998\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12522434\charrsid6768225 CARBULLIDO}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 , J.:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [1]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 This is a consolidated case involving three DUI defendants who were arrested in early February, 2007.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 A}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 ll three defendants were given notices to a}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ppear on January 30, 2008 at 9:00 AM.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
The court did not convene until 10:00 AM that day, nor were the defendants listed on the court calendar.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 As a result, the}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225  defendants were never called for an initial hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 At a rescheduled hearing, t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 he Superior Court dismissed all three cases with pre}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225 judice}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 The 
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225 People appealed.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225 We find }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 that the Superior Court abused its discretion in dismissing the complaints}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225  and therefore reverse.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10765250\charrsid6768225 I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 . }{
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Factual and Procedural Background
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [2]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Defendants-Appellees St}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 anley Stephen, Luis Santos Delig}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
uin, and Anthony Sikata Michael were arrested in the first week of February, 2007, for allegedly driving while under the influence of alcohol.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 At the time of their a}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 rrests, they were each given a notice to a}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ppear}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225  (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 NTA}
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  before the Superior Court on January 30, 2008 at 9:00 AM.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Two days before the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 ir scheduled appearance}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , the People filed complaints against }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10896381\charrsid6768225 the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  defendant}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10896381\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  charging them with Driving While }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid657929\charrsid6768225 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 nder the Influence of Alcohol (BAC) (Misdemeanor), Driving While }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid657929\charrsid6768225 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 nder the Influence of Alcohol (Misdemeanor), and Reckless Driving}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  (Misdemeanor)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In addition, Deliguin was charged with Driving While }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid657929\charrsid6768225 u}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 nder the Influence of a Schedule I Controlled Substance (Misdemeanor).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [3]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Both Stephen and Michael appeared in}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid657929\charrsid6768225  Presiding}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  Judge Lamorena\rquote s courtroom at 9:00 AM on January 30, 2008.}{
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12737952 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\super\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \chftn }{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 
 Deliquin may have also appeared on January 30, 2008, but his actions that day are not described in the Appellees\rquote -Defendants\rquote  Brief.  The omission may be explained by the fact that Deliquin appeared }{
\i\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 pro se}{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566  in this case and was not represented by Attorney Fitzpatrick.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 However, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid657929\charrsid6768225 the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9705693\charrsid6768225 Presiding }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Judge did not begin holding hearings until 10:00 AM that morning}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225  as scheduled}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
In addition, none of the defendants appeared on the calendar, and none of them were ever called.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [4]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
All three defendants were then summoned to appear for }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 rescheduled initial hearings }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 on March 12, 2008.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In an odd twist, Stephen\rquote s summons was addressed to a possibly non-existent person, Hong Mi Ju Dollham, whose address was unknown.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 None of the defendants appeared for the March 12th hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 and t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
he Superior Court dismissed each case against the defendants with prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Dismissal was }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 
"}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 based on the Court\rquote s finding in an oral ruling that the summons was issued and the arraignment was scheduled after the NTA date.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , tab}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  3}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 , 7, 11}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  (Proposed Order}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  of Dismissal with Prejudice, Apr}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid729858\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  23, 2008)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The People timely appealed.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10765250\charrsid6768225 I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 I. }{
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Jurisdiction and Standard of Review
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [5]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 This court has jurisdiction to hear the People
\rquote s appeal from an order dismissing a criminal case pursuant to 48 U.S.C. 1424-1(a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  (West 2009)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 7 GCA \'a7
 3107(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid729858\charrsid6768225 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , and 8 GCA \'a7 130.20(a)(5)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid729858\charrsid6768225 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
In particular, 8 GCA \'a7 130.20(a)(5) allows the People to appeal from }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
[a]n order or judgment dismissing or otherwise terminating the action before the defendant has been placed in jeopardy . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7
 130.20(a)(5)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid729858\charrsid6768225  (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2453161\charrsid6768225 [6]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
The standard of review is more difficult to determine, because neither the Superior Court nor the parties indicate a source for the court\rquote s authority t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 o dismiss the cases.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 Assuming the court felt that unnecessary delay had violated }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 the defendants
\rquote  due process rights, then the review would be for abuse of discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 People v. Mendiola}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 1999 Guam 8 \'b6 10;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  United States v. Huntley}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
, 976 F.2d 1287, 1290 (9th Cir. 1991).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 If, on the other hand, the dismissal}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 
s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  based upon the defendants\rquote 
 right to a speedy trial, that determination must be reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }
{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Mendiola}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 1999 Guam 8 \'b6 22; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5274233\charrsid6768225 Coffey v. Gov\rquote }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 t of Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 1997 Guam 14 \'b6 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10765250\charrsid6768225 III}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 . }{
\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Discussion
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [7]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225 The Superior Court\rquote 
s only indication of the legal basis for its decision was the following brief statement, w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 hich appears in each defendant\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225  order of dismissal: }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7877828\charrsid6768225 The dismissal is with prejudice }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225 based on the Court\rquote s finding in an oral ruling that the summons was issued and the arraignment was scheduled after the NTA date.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225 ER, tabs 3, 7, 11 (Proposed Orders of Dismissal with Prejudice).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225 
As the People correctly assert in their brief, there is no statutory or court-mandated rule requiring a court to dismiss a criminal complaint }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3165403\charrsid6768225 
simply because an arraignment occurs after the NTA date.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3165403\charrsid6768225 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 1, 3-5}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  (Dec. 22, 2008)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7877828\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225 Based on the court\rquote s brief statement, we are unable to determine the legal basis for its order.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7877828\charrsid6768225 Often, our inability }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7877828\charrsid6768225 
to identify or infer a clear and consistent finding by the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225  will require a remand.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225 People v. Farata}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225 , 2007 Guam 8 \'b6 51.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225 How
ever, in this case it is clear that the Superior Court objected to the delay caused by the scheduling error, and the determination of whether that delay justified dismissal with prejudice is a legal question that can be answered by this court without addi
tional fact}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11036625\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15614908\charrsid6768225 finding.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11036625\charrsid6768225 Although it would have been helpful to examine the court\rquote s legal reasoning in detail, we can just as easily examine the statutory and constitutional sources for the court\rquote 
s authority ourselves, and determine whether the decision to dismiss was justified.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [8]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 
We begin by examining the constitutional protections against prosecutorial delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 The first is the Sixth Amendment requirement that }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 U.S. Const. amend. VI; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225  48 U.S.C. 1421}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 b}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225 (g) & (u)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (West 2009)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12276468\charrsid6768225  (incorporating the Sixth Amendment into Guam law).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 The second is }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 the protection found in}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10750797\charrsid6768225  the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 Due Process}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225  Clause}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 
, which is applied to delays not covered by the Sixth Amendment}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 Huntley
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 , 976 F.2d at 1290}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 see also}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  48 U.S.C. 1421}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 b}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 (e) & (u)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (West 2009)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  (incorporating}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225  the}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  Due Process}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225  Clause}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  into Guam law)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 As we proceed through this analysis, we are also guided}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 by }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 provisions within Guam\rquote s statutes}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225  including: (1) the one-year statute of limitations for prosecution of misdemeanors found in 8 GCA \'a7 10.30}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (200}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10750797\charrsid6768225 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 ; (2)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225  the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 de facto}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations found in 8 GCA }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5204755\charrsid6768225 \'a7 25.30}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10750797\charrsid6768225 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5204755\charrsid6768225  and interpreted in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5204755\charrsid6768225 People v. Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5204755\charrsid6768225 , 1998 Guam 12;}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225  (3)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225  the court\rquote s powe
r to dismiss a case for }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 unnecessary delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225  found in 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10750797\charrsid6768225 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 ; and (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7866981\charrsid6768225 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 ) the requirement that a defendant be }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 arraigned promptly}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225  found in 8 GCA \'a7 60.10(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  (200}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10750797\charrsid6768225 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 )}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12545612\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10491658\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10491658 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 A. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 The Sixth Amendment }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 Right to a Speedy Trial}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [9]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7677176\charrsid6768225 The Sixth Amendment right 
to a speedy trial attaches only after a criminal prosecution has begun and the defendant becomes }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7677176\charrsid6768225 accused}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7677176\charrsid6768225  of a crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
United States v. Marion}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 404 U.S. 307, 313 (1971).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 Marion}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 , the Supreme Court of the United States held that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 it is either a formal indictment or information or else the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 actual restraints imposed by arrest and holding to answer}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225  a criminal charge that engage the particular protections of the speedy trial provision of the Sixth Amendment.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225  at 32}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9705693\charrsid6768225 0}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225  (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225 The first question we must answer in applying this rule i}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 s whether each defendant\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225  arrest and release with an NTA was }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225 arrest and holding to answer}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225  for purposes of applying the speedy trial right.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12134123\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [10]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225 A similar situation was before the Court in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8603122\charrsid6768225 United States v. Loud Hawk}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 , 474 U.S. 302 (1986).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 The defendants in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 Loud Hawk}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 
 were released without bail after their indictment}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225  w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 ere}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225  dismissed }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 because evidence was suppressed and the prosecution could not proceed}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1408411\charrsid6768225 
 at 306-08.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 Seven years later, after a prolonged appeals process involving rehearing, rehearing }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 en banc}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 , and petition for certiorari, the defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14172919\charrsid6768225 indictments were finally reinstated}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225  at 308-10.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 T}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14172919\charrsid6768225 he defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225  successfully argued}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225  in the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 
 that their Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial had been violated, and the prosecution appealed all the way to the Supreme Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225  at 309-10.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 The Court }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 reversed and }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 held that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 when defendants are not incarcerated or subjected to other substantial restrictions on their liberty, a court should not weigh that time towards a claim under the Speedy Trial Clause.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225  at 312.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10690176\charrsid6768225 The}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid817419\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 
Court then proceeded to apply the speedy trial analysis only to the delays that occurred }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 after}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225  the defendants\rquote 
 indictments had been reinstated.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10690176\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5055383\charrsid6768225 at 312-17.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [11]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 The defendants argue that they suffered }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 the anxiety}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  and concern}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  of the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 
 after they were arrested, presumably because their scheduled hearing might result in charges being filed against them.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Appellees\rquote 
 Br. at 6-7}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11491663\charrsid6768225  (Jan. 21, 2009)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Barker}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 , 407 U.S. 532).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 A similar argument was rejected in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Loud Hawk}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 474 U.S. at 312.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 
There, the fact that the defendants were required to appear at an evidentiary hearing at one point was not considered }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 actual restraint}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  for purposes of invoking the right to a speedy trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 The Court also concluded that neither the government\rquote 
s obvious intent to prosecute the defendants nor the fact that the defendants found it necessary to hire attorneys during their release was sufficient to invoke the speedy trial right.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225  at 311-}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 12.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Applying the same reasoning here, w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 
e must conclude that the mere fact that the defendants were arrested}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 , served with NTAs, and released does not, by itself,}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 
 invoke the right to a speedy trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Although the defendants almost certainly felt some anxiety due}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225  to their pending hearings, their arrest and release}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225  without bond}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225  did not render them}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 accused}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  for purpose}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14696627\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225  of the Sixth Amendment}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [12]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 If a defendant is 
not arrested and held to answer, the speedy trial right attaches at the time of indictment.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 Marion}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 , 404 U.S. at 321.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 
Of course, there are no indictments in the present case for determining when a defendant becomes }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 accused}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225  for purposes of the speedy trial right.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 Here, the defendants have been charged only with misdemeanors.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 
In Guam, a complaint, rather than an indictment, is sufficient to charge a defendant accused of committing }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 a }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225 misdemeanor}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 1.15}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9314381\charrsid6768225  (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 
Because a complaint is analogous to an indictment in that both are accusatory }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 pleadings, it follows that the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225  Sixth Amendment
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225  speedy-t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 
rial right would attach upon the filing of a complaint in misdemeanor cases, provided that the defendant was released }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 soon after arrest }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9327910\charrsid6768225 without having to post a bond.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid608950 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [13]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3636727\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 California}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225  courts}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , which }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 review}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  accusatory pleadings similar to those used in Guam, ha}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 ve reached a similar conclusion and have}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  determined that in misdemeanor cases, the Sixth Amendment speedy trial right attaches upon the filing of a complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 People v. Martinez}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 996 P.2d 32, 41 (Cal. 2000).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The right attaches whether or not the defendant is made aware of the complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 Cf.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  Doggett v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
, 505 U.S. 647, 648, 653 (1992) (speedy trial violation found where defendant was unaware of indictment for over eight years).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 
Thus, under this reasoning, only the approximately six-week delay between the filing of the complaints on January 28, 2008 and the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 rescheduled }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 initial appearance on March 12, 2008 would be subject to a speedy trial analysis.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [14]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Our speedy-trial analysis must therefore examine}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4792034\charrsid6768225  the approximately }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8611237\charrsid6768225 six-week}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4792034\charrsid6768225  delay between the filing of the complaints and dismissal of the cases.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 In determining whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 Sixth Amendment }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 right to a speedy trial has been violated, one must consider: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason for the delay; (3) the defendant\rquote 
s assertion of the right to a speedy trial; and (4) whether or not prejudice resulted from the delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 Mendiola}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 , }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 1999 Guam 8 \'b6 22.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 Here, the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225  defendants }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13326658\charrsid6768225 
did not assert their right to a speedy trial, but there was little opportunity to do so given that their cases were dismissed at the rescheduled hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13326658\charrsid6768225 More relevant is the fact that the defendants }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 were }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 not }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4197757\charrsid6768225 able to articulate any specific reason they might have been prejudiced by the delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13326658\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13326658\charrsid6768225 The lack of demonstrated prejudice weighs against}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  a speedy-trial dismissal.
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [15]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12912177\charrsid6768225 The reason for the delay }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13382296\charrsid6768225 appears to be a combination of mistakes on the part of the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 Attorney General\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13382296\charrsid6768225  Office, the Superior Court, and possibly the officer who filled out the original NTAs.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 Based on the record, we are unable to determine the reason that the original hearing was held at 10:00 AM }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 even though}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13382296\charrsid6768225  the NTA indicated 9:00 AM}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 Why the defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 \rquote  names}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225  were }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 absent from the calendar}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225  that day is also a mystery, and we are at a loss as to}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  whether the court or the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 Attorney General\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  O}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 ffice is the party responsible for the mistake.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10896381\charrsid6768225 H}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13382296\charrsid6768225 owever, the prosecuting attorney assigned to the hearing had an opportunity to correct the mistake by requesting the defendants be called}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1203018\charrsid6768225  before the judge}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13382296\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Because at least some of the delay can be attributed to the People, t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 his factor weighs in the defendants\rquote  favor.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [16]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 Finally, we consider the length of the delay.}
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 Sometimes, the delay itself can be long enough to be }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 presumptively prejudicial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 Doggett}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 505 U.S. at 651-52.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 However, the approximately }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8611237\charrsid6768225 six-week}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225  delay between complaint and the first hearing was far less than other delays typically found to be constitutional.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 See United States v. Dirden}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 
, 38 F.3d 1131, 1138 (10th Cir. 1994) (seven and one half months delay between arraignment and trial not presumptively prejudicial under a speedy trial analysis); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 
United States v. Sears, Roebuck and Company, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 , 877 F.2d 734, 740 (9th Cir. 1988) (speedy trial objections were denied when made seven and one half years after first indictment); }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 United States v. Lane}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 
, 561 F.2d 1075, 1077-79 (2d Cir. 1977) (58 month delay between indictment and trial did not violate Sixth Amendment).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 
The United States Supreme Court noted that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 courts have generally found }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
post accusation}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225  delay \lquote presumptively prejudicial\rquote  at least as it approaches one year.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 Doggett}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 505 U.S. at 652 n.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12737952\charrsid6768225 1}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 The length of the post-complaint delay at issue here does not begin to approach one year}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  and therefore weighs against a finding that the speedy-trial right has been violated}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [17]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 
In the final analysis, only the reason for the delay weighs in favor of }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 finding a violation of}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  the defendants\rquote  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 Sixth Amendment }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 speedy-trial rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13326658\charrsid6768225 Other}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  factors}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 \emdash }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225 particularly the lack of demonstrated prejudice and the relatively short delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 \emdash }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 support a finding that this}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12014442\charrsid6768225  right has not been violated.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1203018\charrsid6768225 After considering all the factors on}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 de novo }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 review, we find that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1203018\charrsid6768225 rescheduling the initial appearance after the NTA date did not }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 violate the Speedy Trial Clause of the Sixth Amendment}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 The Superior Court therefore would have erred in dismissing t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 he complaints based on a }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12349757\charrsid6768225 Sixth Amendment }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15368149\charrsid6768225 speedy-}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16584917\charrsid6768225 trial analysis.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14835021 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 B. Pre-Complaint Delay}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7889532\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [18]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2238087\charrsid6768225 
Next, we examine the eleven-month delay between the defendants\rquote  arrests and the filing of the complaints against them.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In t}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2238087\charrsid6768225 he federal courts, pre-indictment}{\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2238087\charrsid6768225 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12737952 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\super\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \chftn }{
\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566  For purposes of this section, we treat pre-indictment and pre-complaint delay a
s analogous, since the speedy-trial right attaches with the filing of either accusatory pleading in the absence of actual restraint.  }{\i\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 Cf. Martinez}{
\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 , 996 P.2d at 41; }{\i\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 see also }{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 8 GCA \'a7
 80.70(b) (2005) (allowing dismissal for unnecessary delay when the accusatory pleading is an indictment, an information, or a complaint).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  delay can sometimes violate a defendant\rquote 
s right to due process or trigger the proscription against }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 unnecessary delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  found in Rule 48(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Huntley}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 976 F.2d at 1290.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 A similar analysis would also apply in Guam.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Due process is incorporated into Guam law through the Organic Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 48 U.S.C. 1421b(u).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In addition, 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(b) states that: }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 If there is }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 unnecessary delay in bringing a defendant to trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , the court, on its own motion, may dismiss the indictment, information or complaint. The reasons for the dismissal shall be set forth in an order entered upon the minutes.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(b) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 1. Unnecessary Delay
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [19]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
Section 80.70 is based on Rule 48 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 80.70, NOTE.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Rule 48 and section 80.70 are substantially similar}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 
 with one significant difference\emdash }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Rule 48 specifically mentions pre-indictment delays while section 80.70 does not.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 See}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  Fed. R. Crim. Proc. 48(b) (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The court may dismiss an indictment, information, or complaint if unnecessary delay occurs in: (1) presenting a charge to a grand jury; (2) filing a
n information against a defendant; or (3) bringing a defendant to trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 Section 80.70(b) only refers to delay in bringing a defendant to trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 8 GCA 
\'a7 80.70(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [20]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
One possible explanation for the differences between section 80.70(b) and Rule 48(b) is that the Legislature did not intend to give the Superior Court the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5391064\charrsid6768225 statutory }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 power to dismiss cases for pre-indictment or pre-complaint delays.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
Alternately, the Legislature may have simply decided that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 delay in bringing a defendant to trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  was broad enough to cover the entire period from arres}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 t to trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [21]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 We need n}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 ot decide the issue here.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 
Even if section 80.70(b) is applicable to pre-indictment delays, the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1640013\charrsid6768225 facts of this case do not justify }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 
a finding of unnecessary delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 W}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 e are guided by federal law in holding that a section 80.70(b) dismissal, like a Federal Rule 48(b) dismissal, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 should be imposed only in extreme circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 
United States v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 , 877 F.2d 734, 737 (9th Cir.1989).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 
In fact, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 both the Seventh and}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 Ninth Circuits allow }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 a case }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 to }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 
be dismissed for unnecessary delay only after a court has forewarned the prosecution of the impending dismissal}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 United States v. Clay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 , 481 F}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 .2d 133, 137-}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5582555\charrsid6768225 38 (7th Cir.1973); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1640013\charrsid6768225 Huntley}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1640013\charrsid6768225 , 976 F.2d at 1292.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1640013\charrsid6768225 This rule is a sensible one.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1640013\charrsid6768225 
If a court is to apply the harsh rule of dismissing a criminal case with prejudice under section 80.70(b), it must either establish local rules that are uniformly applied or warn the prosecution that further delay could jeopardize the case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 See Clay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 , 481 F.2d at 138 (7th Cir.1973).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [22]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 
Here the People were not only unaware that an eleven month delay might result in dismissal of their case, they were acting on the advice of this very court.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 People v. Vill}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16124728\charrsid6768225 a}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 pando}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 , this court }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 recommended }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 that the Attorney General\rquote s office push back the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15272300\charrsid6768225 NTA}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 
 date so that the prosecution would have more time to investigate and prepare a case.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 1999 Guam 31 \'b6 31.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 Specifically, this court stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 the People may instruct the police to set the notice to appear date further off, yet still within the applicable }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 de jure}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225  [statute of limitations].}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid150970 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\super\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \chftn }{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 
 This suggestion was likely motivated by the fact that the decision of }{\i\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 Villapando}{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566  freed sixteen defendants accused of very serious felonies
\emdash all because the indictments were obtained after the NTA date in violation of 8 GCA \'a7 25.30.  }{\i\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 Id. }{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \'b6\'b6 1-18, 55-56.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Common sense dictates that t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 
he People should not be penalized for following our previous advice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [23]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 Finally, even if we}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225  consider the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 
 total effect of the delay between arrests and the rescheduled initial hearing, the fact remains that the People had no warning that the cases were in immanent danger of dismissal}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564\charrsid6768225 Because the Superior Court did not forewarn the p
rosecution that further delay would result in dismissal, it would have been improper to dismiss the cases }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 for unnecessary delay under section 80.70(b).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Huntley}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 , 976 F.2d at 1292.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7607564 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 2. Due Process
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [24]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6760915\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 People v. Mendiola}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 , this court had occasion to apply}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
 a due process analysis to}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225  a}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  pre-indictment delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1999 Guam 8 \'b6\'b6 10-21.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 
There, the defendant was indicted for murder nearly three years after the death of the victim.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225  \'b6 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 The opinion set forth the defendant\rquote s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  burden}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12023343\charrsid6768225  in showing that he was denied due process because of delay}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 
Pre-indictment delay violates due process only if the defendant meets a two-part test. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 United States v. Huntley}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 
, 976 F.2d 1287, 1290 (9th Cir.1992). First, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 the defendant must prove actual, nonspeculative prejudice from the delay.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 
 If the defendant meets this burden, the second part of the test shall then be employed. To meet the second step, the defendant must prove that, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 the length of the delay, when balanced against the reason for the delay, [offends] those fundamental conceptions of justice which lie at the base of our civil and political institutions.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  citing }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 United States v. Sherlock}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 , 962 F.2d 1349, 1353-}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2957981\charrsid6768225 54}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  (9th Cir.1992).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 \'b6 11}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15272300\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 The burden of showing prejudice is a heavy one.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225  \'b6 13.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 
In the end, we determined that the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225  in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Mendiola}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 
 had failed to carry his burden of showing that he was prejudiced by the delay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 Id. }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 \'b6\'b6 17-19.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [25]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 Here}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225  too}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 , the defendants do not give any examples of }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 actual, nonspeculative prejudice from the delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9705693\charrsid6768225  \'b6 11}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 Besides the usual fading of memories common to all delays, the defendants can point to no specific loss of evidence or witnesses resulting from the delay.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 In contrast, the defendant in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 Mendiola}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225  was able to point to specific items that had been lost, including a t-shirt and the results of a polygraph test.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225  \'b6 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Even so, we found no actual prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225 Because the defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225  here}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14555530\charrsid6768225  have not met their heavy burden of showing prejudi}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225 ce due to the delay, we need }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6367034\charrsid6768225 not }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225 determine whether the delay offends our fundamental concep}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 
t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225 s of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225  \'b6 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4809500\charrsid6768225 
It would be an abuse of discretion for a court to find that the delay denied due process to defendants under the facts of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid74513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 C}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 . Whether the Prosecution Violated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 Statutory}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  Time Limits
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [26]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13772788\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2364101\charrsid6768225 Next}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13772788\charrsid6768225 , we consider whether the Superior Court could have dismissed the complaints based on any other }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2364101\charrsid6768225 
time limitations found in our statutes or case law.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13772788\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1. The }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de jure }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Statue of Limitations
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [27]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
All of the defendants were charged with non-felonies.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 According to 8 GCA \'a7 10.30, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 [a] prosecution for any }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 offence}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  which is not a felony shall be commenced within (1) year after it is committed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 10.30}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225  (2005)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 A prosecution commences }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 when either an indictment is presented in open court and there received and filed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 or a complaint is filed}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 10.70}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225  (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Because the People filed each complaint within a year of the arrests, the prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  commenced within the }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de jure}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 2. The }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de facto }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Statute of Limitations
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [28]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 This court established a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de facto}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 People v. Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 People v. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 Villapando}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1998 Guam 12 \'b6 14; 1999 Guam 31 \'b6 22.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In both }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  and }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 Villapando}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
, the People failed to file a complaint or indictment before the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225 NTA}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  date as required by 8 GCA \'a7 25.30.}{
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid150970 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\super\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \chftn }{\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566  }{\b\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 \'a7
 25.30. Notice to Appear: Where Delivered.
\par }\pard \s19\qj \fi720\li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid14355398 {\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 The officer shall forthwith deliver 
the copy of the notice to appear to the prosecuting attorney charged with the duty to prosecute the offense charged. At or before the time at which the person promised to appear, if the prosecuting attorney determines that the offense should be prosecuted
, he shall file the notice to appear and a complaint and affidavits which satisfy the requirements of \'a7
 45.20 in the court in which the person has promised to appear. If the prosecuting attorney determines that the offense should not be prosecuted he shall make a reasonable effort to notify the person arrested that his appearance will not be required.

\par }\pard \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12737952 {\fs20\expnd2\expndtw10\insrsid3555176\charrsid15286566 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 (2005).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1998 Guam 12 \'b6 2; 1999 Guam 31 \'b6\'b6 3-18.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The court in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Palomo }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 interpreted 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 as a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de facto}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations\emdash if a complaint is not filed before the NTA date, the result is dismissal with prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1998 Guam 12 \'b6 14.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 Villapando}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  extended the rule to encompass felony indictments as well.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1999 Guam 31 
\'b6 44.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 However, 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 is not applicable in the present case.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Here, the complaints were properly filed before the NTA date, and the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 de facto}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations found in 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 does not apply.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 3. The Statutory Speedy Trial Requirement
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [29]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Title 8 GCA \'a7
 80.60(a)(3) requires that a defendant who is not in custody be brought to trial within sixty days of arraignment.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
None of the defendants were in custody following their arrest.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The sixty day limit of 8 GCA \'a7 80.60(a)(3) }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 has not yet taken affect }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 because the cases were dismissed before the}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225  defendants could be arraigned.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 I}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225  therefore has no application here.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 4. Prompt Arraignment
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [30]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 According to 8 GCA \'a7 60.10(a), }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 [t]he defendant shall be arraigned promptly . . . after the complaint is filed . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 60.10(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225  (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1009084\charrsid6768225 One possible interpretation of section 60.10(a) is that}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 
 the Legislature intended to convey a special sense of urgency in scheduling the arraignment after the filing of a complaint.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1009084\charrsid6768225 
Another is that the statute is simply an expression of the speedy trial requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1009084\charrsid6768225 If the former int
erpretation is true, then the post-complaint delay might require a separate analysis under section 60.10(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [31]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The language in 8 GCA}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1009084\charrsid6768225  \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  60.10(a) requiring a defendant to be promptly arraigned is of unknown origin.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure contain no such language.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 See, e.g., }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Fed. R. Crim. Proc. 10.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The compiler\rquote s note to 8 GCA 60.10 indicates that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
[s]ubsection (a) of \'a7 60.10 continues the substance of former \'a7 976. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 See also}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  Cal. Pen. Code \'a7 976.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 However, the old Guam Penal Code \'a7 976 does not require a defendant to be }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 promptly arraigned.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 See }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Guam Pen. Code \'a7 976 (1953) (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
When the information is filed, the defendant must be arraigned thereon before the court in which it is filed, unless the case is transferred to some other court for trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
The section of the California Penal Code upon which our old section 976 was based no longer exists.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [32]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14691588\charrsid6768225 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 one Guam case that mentions section 60.10(a) appears to conflate the prompt arraignment requirement with the general requirement that defendants be given a speedy trial:}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
On January 10, 1983, counsel for appellant orally moved the court to dismiss the indictment against the appellant for lack of a prompt arraignment pursuant to }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15034447\charrsid6768225 [s]}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ection 60.10a, 8 Guam Code Annotated, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 and consequently the lack of a speedy trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 This motion was denied . . . .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 People v. Kasinger}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , 1984 WL 48832, at *1 (D. Guam App. Div., Aug. 17, 1984) (emphasis added).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The court rejected the defendant\rquote s speedy trial arguments, noting that the delay was }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 
"}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 merely a matter of weeks}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
 and that the defendant had failed to demonstrate how he was prejudiced.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  at 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13195968\charrsid6768225 We agree that the prompt arraignment requirement of 8 GCA \'a7
 60.10(a) is a statutory expression of the speedy trial right.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13195968\charrsid6768225 We also agree, as discussed in detail above, that a delay involving }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13195968\charrsid6768225 merely a matter of weeks}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13195968\charrsid6768225 
 does not, in most circumstances, violate a defendant\rquote s right to a speedy trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13195968\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 D}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 . Whether a Sum}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14752817\charrsid6768225 mons should have been i}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ssued }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14752817\charrsid6768225 e}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 arlier
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [33]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
The defendants argue that the People failed to issue a summons, and therefore were bound to hold a hearing on the NTA date.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Appellees
\rquote  Br. at 8-11.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 This argument is based on the language of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 , which states the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Two options are available to the People in choosing how to prosecute a case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 First they can proceed pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7
 15.10 and 15.20 by filing a complaint with affidavits to establish probable cause so that a summons will issue. In t
hat event, section 10.30 would govern the time-line within which the case may be prosecuted. Alternatively, the People may proceed pursuant to section 25.30. Consequently, after issuing a notice to appear, the People are bound by the language of that stat
ute. The language of section 25.30 is clear. The statute mandates action to be taken by the People prior to the notice to appear date\emdash 
 either to file the notice to appear and a complaint with affidavits or to make reasonable efforts to notify the defendant that he need not appear.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1998 Guam 12 \'b6 14.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
In a misdemeanor prosecution, the People can either file a complaint and rely on the NTA, or file a complaint and cause a summons to be issued.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 In the instant case, the People have chosen to rely on the NTA.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [34]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
While it is true that the People relied on the NTA date rather than a summons, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
 does not stand for the proposition that }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9138639\charrsid6768225 failure to hold a hearing on the NTA date}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  must result in a}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid664695\charrsid6768225 n automatic}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  dismissal with prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873\charrsid6768225 The decision of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 simply interpreted the plain }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 language}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225  of 8 GCA \'a7
 25.30 to mean that a complaint must be filed before the NTA date.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 Because }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 section 25.30}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 
 prevents the prosecution from filing the complaint once the NTA date has passed, the only possible }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 result of failing}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 
 to timely file the complaint is to completely bar future prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 Id. }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 \'b6 17.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 
As a result, we found that dismissal with prejudice was required, even in the absence of demonstrated prejudice to the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225  & n.8.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [35]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11294873\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6192579\charrsid6768225 Here, the situation is very different.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 The complaint}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225  w}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 
 filed within the statute of limitation and before the NTA date, thereby satisfying all statutory requirements.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225  8 GCA \'a7\'a7 10.30, 25.30.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225 No absolute bar}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225  prevented the prosecution from continuing once the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14559915\charrsid6768225  NTA date }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 
passed without a hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 Unlike the situation in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 a remedy was still available}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 That remedy, which was applied in these cases, was to issue }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14559915\charrsid6768225 summons}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 es and}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14559915\charrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 reschedule the hearing for a later date}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14559915\charrsid6768225 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7955755\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10888965\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225 does not support or suggest an extension of its reasoning to procedural errors like the one at issue here.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225 In fact, we noted}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7350875\charrsid6768225  in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7350875\charrsid6768225 Palomo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225  that California has amended its version of 8 GCA \'a7
 25.30, and we criticized our own unamended version for producing such harsh results:
\par Although a harsh resu
lt may occur, the problem exists not within the judicial system, but instead with the Legislature where the sole remedy lies in the amendment or repeal of section 25.30. It is impossible for this court to make sense out of an ill-conceived statutory schem
e.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225 1998 Guam 12}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225 \'b6 17.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4736202\charrsid6768225 Our decision was more a reluctant application of the law as written than an expression of fundamental notions of justice.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225 We therefore decline to create a bright-line rule}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4736202\charrsid6768225 , unsupported by statute}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15286566\charrsid6768225 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16729466\charrsid6768225  that would result in automatic dismissal every time an initial hearing failed to occur on the NTA date.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9387566\charrsid6768225 Instead, we are confident that justice will result from applying the established}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9387566\charrsid6768225 speedy-trial analys}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12134123\charrsid6768225 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 s}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9387566\charrsid6768225  to the resulting delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9138639\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 E}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 . Whether the Dismissals Violated the Separation-of-Powers Doctrine
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [37]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
The People argue that the court interfered with the Executive Branch function, which is to execute the laws, when it dismissed the cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
Appellant\rquote s Br. at 5-9.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 More specifically, 
the People contend that the initial appearance does not have to occur on the NTA date, and the Superior Court should have fulfilled its }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
Magistrate function}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  by rescheduling the hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  at 8-9.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The Appellant\rquote s Brief does not clearly articulate how dismissing the cases caused the Judicial Branch to unlawfully interfere with the Executive Branch.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [38]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 
A similar separation-of-powers argument was raised in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14355398\charrsid6768225 Villapando}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225  to no avail.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 1999 Guam 31 \'b6 45-50.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 Villapando}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 , the People argued that reading a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 de facto}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225  statute of limitations into 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 interfered with prosecutorial discretion, thus infringing on a power wholly under the province of the Executive Branch.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 \'b6 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225 This court }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 
held}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760\charrsid6768225  that prosecutorial discretion was not unlimited, and that the law commonly imposed time limits on a prosecutor\rquote s ability to bring a criminal case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225  \'b6 48.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 We therefore concluded that the imposition of an additional time constraint through our interpretation of 8 GCA \'a7 25.30 did not infringe upon the prosecutor\rquote s discretion.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 \'b6\'b6 48-50.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid542760 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [39]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The People cite to }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Taisipic v. Parole Board }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 where the Superior Court had ordered an inmate paroled.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 1996 Guam 9 \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
This court determined that the decision as to whether an inmate should be paroled is clearly an Executive Branch function, and that the court was not authorized to make such decisions.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \'b6 25.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The present case is very different in that the act of dismissing a prosecution with prejudice is clearly a power reserved for the Judicial Branch.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Even the prosecutor cannot dismiss a complaint without permission from the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5390225\charrsid6768225 See }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Whether the dismissal was an abuse of discretion or unauthorized under the law is a separate issue, but it cannot be said that the Superior Court acted in a mann
er inconsistent with its judicial function.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 The dismissals certainly interfered with the prosecutions, but that alone does not raise }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 separation-of-power concerns.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 In other words, d}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 ismissing a case}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225  for unnecessary delay}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225  is just as much a }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 Magistrate function}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225 "}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
 as rescheduling a hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [40]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4208094\charrsid6768225 If, in dismissing the defendants\rquote 
 cases, the Superior Court was exercising its statutory powers under 8 GCA \'a7 80.70(b) and the like, we find nothing in those statutes to be }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 so offens}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9705693\charrsid6768225 ive to the Separation-of-Powers }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 D}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4208094\charrsid6768225 
octrine as to require this court to strike them down as unconstitutional or inorganic.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 If, o}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4208094\charrsid6768225 n the other hand, the Superior Court was applying the Due Process Clause or the Speedy Trial Clause in dismissing the cases, it was simply exercising those powers }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 given to the Judicial Branch by}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3106809\charrsid6768225  the}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225  Constitution itself.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225 See}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5597932\charrsid6768225  48 U.S.C. 1421b (incorporating constitutional rights into Guam law).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7146128\charrsid6768225 Although we agree that the dismissals at issue here were improper, the error resulted from a misapplication of the law rathe
r than an encroachment of the Judicial Power on the Executive Branch.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3614013 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10765250\charrsid6768225 I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 V. }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10765250\charrsid6768225 CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid150970\charrsid6768225 [41]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10098442\charrsid6768225 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 People}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10098442\charrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 satisfied all statutory requirements}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10098442\charrsid6768225  when }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12598641\charrsid6768225 they}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10098442\charrsid6768225 
 filed complaints against the defendants within the one-year statute of limitations}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225  and before the original NTA date}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10098442\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 It would be}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3943555\charrsid6768225  an}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225  abuse of discretion for the Superior Court to have dismissed the cases due to the eleven-month delay between arrest and filing of the complaints.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225 Similarly, the approximately six-week delay between the complaint and the rescheduled initial appearance d}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16466316\charrsid6768225 id}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225  not violate the defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16466316\charrsid6768225 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5116268\charrsid6768225  right to a speedy trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5390225\charrsid6768225 
Because we can find no sound legal reason for the Superior Court\rquote s decision, d}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225 ismissal of the complaints against defendants }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5390225\charrsid6768225 must be}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225  REVERSED}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5390225\charrsid6768225 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5390225\charrsid6768225 T}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225 he case}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3106809\charrsid6768225 
s are}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11827593\charrsid6768225  REMANDED for further proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11352287\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 Associate Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 KATHERINE A. MARAMAN}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 Associate Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6768225\charrsid6768225 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6768225 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15622064\charrsid6768225 ROBERT J. TORRES
\par Chief Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6102129\charrsid6768225 
\par }}