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\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 v. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 LARRY VAN BUI,}{\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }{\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Defendant-Appellant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959\charrsid11293959 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA05-009 \par Superior Court Case No.: CF0319-03 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid11293959\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\insrsid11824700\charrsid11293959 Filed:}{\b\insrsid11293959\charrsid11293959 }{\b\insrsid11824700\charrsid11293959 June 20, 2008 \par }{\b\insrsid10845767\charrsid11293959 Cite as: 2008}{\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Guam }{\b\insrsid11824700\charrsid11293959 8}{\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11354021 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 October 10, 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11293959 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 Howard Trapp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 Esq.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 Howard Trapp Inc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 200 Saylor Bldg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 139 Chalan Santo Papa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14241242\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard\plain \s26\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11293959 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Hag\'e5t\'f1 a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 96910\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11293959 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 Marianne Woloschuk}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 Esq.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 \par Assistant Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \tab \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 Office of the Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 287 W O\rquote Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13978920\charrsid11293959 96910}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7896598 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 BEFORE: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529419\charrsid11293959 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Chief Justice;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10845767\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8529419\charrsid11293959 ROBERT J. TORRES, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16650845\charrsid11293959 Associate Justice}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 ;}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3555714 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs24\super\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 \chftn }{ \fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 After this matter was submitted, but prio r to the issuance of this opinion, Justice Robert J. Torres was sworn in as Chief Justice, and Justice F. Philip Carbullido assumed the role of Associate Justice.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456754\charrsid11293959 ALEXANDRO C. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16650845\charrsid11293959 CASTRO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Justice }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7896598 {\b\insrsid3083498\charrsid7896598 \par }{\b\insrsid8456754\charrsid7896598 TORRES, }{\b\insrsid16650845\charrsid7896598 J}{\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid7896598 .: \par }{\b\insrsid7896598\charrsid7896598 \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 [1]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 This appeal concerns }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 the validity of a plea agreement ente}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 red into by Defendant-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 Larry Van Bui (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 ) and Plaintif}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 f-Appellee People of Guam (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 People}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 ), wherein}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 pleaded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10845767\charrsid11293959 guilty to Manslaughter (a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 s a 1st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 Degree Felony), as a lesser-related offense of Aggravated Mu}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10845767\charrsid11293959 rder (a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 s a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 1st Degree F}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 elony), as well as a Special Allegation of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 The written plea agreement signed by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 Bui, the People, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 Bui\rquote s trial counsel }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 committed Manslaughter in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 Towards the end of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 the colloquy at }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 change of plea hearing, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 however, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 unsel orally requested that the plea}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 agreement be changed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 reflect that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 committed Manslaughter pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 rather than \'a7 16.50(a)(1) because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 was influenced}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 extreme mental or emotional disturbance} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid619008\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729393\charrsid11293959 Judgment was thereafter entered against }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729393\charrsid11293959 Bui.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5387355\charrsid11293959 Mr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2644074\charrsid11293959 seeks to withdraw his plea, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 appeals from the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4662830\charrsid11293959 judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14182758\charrsid11293959 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13714006\charrsid11293959 arguing that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729393\charrsid11293959 he was not advised of the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2), and that his plea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1589292\charrsid11293959 therefore }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729393\charrsid11293959 was not made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 as required by the Due Process Clause}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid729393\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7896598\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 B}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 ecause of the last-minute change in the criminal offense to which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 was pleading guilty, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 the record indicates that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 nobody explained to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 the intent element of the crime to which he pleaded guilty}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 , and we find that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 plea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 was not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 made }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 knowing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 ly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 and intelligent}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 ly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3083498\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7896598 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2897073 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3281350\charrsid2897073 I. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7896598 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 Van }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 was indicted on J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 uly 1, 2003, with o}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 ne count of Aggravated Murder (a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 s a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 1st}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 Degree Felony), and a S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2828747\charrsid11293959 pecial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 llegation of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456754\charrsid11293959 Felony.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456754\charrsid11293959 The Indictment charged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894281\charrsid11293959 that on or about }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 June}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197418\charrsid11293959 23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 , 2003, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 intentionally and with premeditation caused the death}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197418\charrsid11293959 of Gina Doan, in violation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.30(a)(1) and 16.30(b)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 ), p. 1 (Indictment). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 The indictment also charged that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16320044\charrsid11293959 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 in the commission of that offense, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215659\charrsid11293959 possessed and used}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16320044\charrsid11293959 a deadly weapon, a knife, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 80.37}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5840007\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 and his counsel negotiated and signed a written plea agreement with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 the People}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 , in which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 agreed to plead guilty to Manslaughter (as a 1st Degree Felony), in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 16.50(a)(1), 16.50(b), and 80.30, and would receive a sentence of three to fifteen years imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 ER, pp. 3-11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 (Plea Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 For the Special Allegation of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon in the Commission of a Felony, the parties agreed that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 would be sentenced to five years, to run con}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8197418\charrsid11293959 secutively to the sentence for }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 the Manslaughter charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 The lower c}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 ourt held a change of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11953902\charrsid11293959 plea hearing on September 14, 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 Before engaging in the colloquy with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 Van }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 Bui, the court inquired of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 trial counsel whether he had informed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 of the nature of the charges in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 and whether it appeared to counsel }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 that he fully understands each of these charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 ER, p. 15 (Change of Plea Hr\rquote g).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 trial counsel responded in the affirmative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168273\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 The lower court also asked }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 counsel whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 this plea agree}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168273\charrsid11293959 ment protect[s] his rights and [whether]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 it appear}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168273\charrsid11293959 [s]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 to be fair and reasonable under the circumstances of this case,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10028314\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168273\charrsid11293959 to which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3168273\charrsid11293959 counsel again responded in the affirmative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10974601\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10574047\charrsid11293959 At this point, the lower court began its colloquy with }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7608179\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10574047\charrsid11293959 Bui.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10574047\charrsid11293959 Relevant portions of this colloquy are as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15532824 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468 \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 THE COURT: \cell Have you seen a written copy of your plea agreement in this case?\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 [VAN BUI]:\cell Yes. \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 THE COURT:\cell Have you gone over with your Counsel the terms and conditions contained in this plea agreement before you signed it?\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow2\irowband2 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 [VAN BUI]:\cell Yes. \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow3\irowband3 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 THE COURT:\cell Do you understand all the terms and conditions contained in this plea agreement?\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow4\irowband4 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 [VAN BUI]:\cell Yes. \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow5\irowband5 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 THE COURT:\cell Are you satisfied with the advice and representation given to you by your Counsel?\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow6\irowband6 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 [VAN BUI]:\cell Yes\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow7\irowband7 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \cell .. . . .\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow8\irowband8 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 THE COURT:\cell Are you entering into this plea agreement out of your own free will because you are really guilty of the charges?\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow9\irowband9 \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3505442\yts36 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 [VAN BUI]:\cell Yes. \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid8607878 \trowd \irow10\irowband10\lastrow \ts36\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol\tblind720\tblindtype3 \clvertalt \clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1908\clshdrawnil \cellx2520\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth6948\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3755475\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3755475\charrsid11293959 at 17-18.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456754\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8456754\charrsid11293959 \tab The lower court then asked counsel for the People to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 read the Indictment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12724552\charrsid11293959 highlight the essential elements of the offense}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 , so that [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 Van }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 Bui] can understand the nature of the charges, as well as the elem}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 ents of the offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 at 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 counsel interrupted, stating that he would stipulate that the People would have proven }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 the essential elements of Manslaughter and the Special Allegation beyond a reasonable doubt,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 but stated tha}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 t he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 did not want to go into t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 [o]o many facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 22.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 The People then offered a factual stipulation, as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 Defendant committed a criminal homicide . . . recklessly. . . . The Defendant stabbed the victim . . . [who] died shortly thereafter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 And Dr. Aurelio Espinola confirmed the cause of death . . . was . . . from both a stab wound to the abdomen }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 and a stab woun}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 d from the abdomen into the chest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 The elements of recklessness can be met. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 The elements of Possession and Use of a Deadly Weapon under 9 G.C.A. Section 80.37 can be met. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8267719\charrsid11293959 at}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 22-23.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 The court asked if the defense would stipulate to these facts, but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 counsel did not agree to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 the proffered} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803708\charrsid11293959 stipulation, instead stating that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 our intention was . . . that [the manslaughter] was committed under extreme mental and emotional disturbance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 23.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14441886\charrsid11293959 While recklessness is an element of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1), the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance is an element of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14224919\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 16.50(a)(1) and (a)(2) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 When the court asked for a factual stipulation from the defense, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 counsel asked to speak}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 to opposing counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 After a pause}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 in proceedings, defense counsel }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6573666\charrsid11293959 offered to stipulate that the elements of the offense would be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, including that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 committed a homicide }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6573666\charrsid11293959 which would otherwise be murder}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 under the influence of extreme }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6573666\charrsid11293959 mental or emotional disturbance,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 such explanation or excuse }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6573666\charrsid11293959 was reasonable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6576463\charrsid11293959 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6576463\charrsid11293959 at 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 . \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431346\charrsid11293959 The}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4218353\charrsid11293959 prosecution }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 agreed that this stipulation was satisfactory to the People.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 The court did not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 ask }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 if he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 understood and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 agreed to the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2976128\charrsid11293959 revised plea agreement or stipulation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 , and the court did not explain to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 that he was pleading to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2976128\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 .50(a)(2) as opposed to (a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 Rather, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794342\charrsid11293959 he court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 then }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794342\charrsid11293959 asked }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 how he wished to plead to the offense of Manslaughter and the Special Allegation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2976128\charrsid11293959 responded,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 [g]uilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13829426\charrsid11293959 26.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 The court then made a finding on the record that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 fully competent and capable of entering an informed plea, and that [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 Van }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 Bui] is aware of the nature of the charges and the consequences of the plea, and that the plea of guilty is a knowing and voluntary plea supported by independent basis and fact containing each of the essential}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 elements of the offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225268\charrsid11293959 26-27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9330702\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6425615\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11734352\charrsid11293959 now challenges the voluntariness of his plea, arguing that he was never advised of the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1335449\charrsid11293959 , which differ from the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11734352\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242815\charrsid11293959 II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242815\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [9]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 This appeal is from a final judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of the Supe}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 rior Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1424-1(a)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 (Westlaw though Pub. L. 110-237 (2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid816593\charrsid11293959 ))}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4218353\charrsid11293959 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 7 GCA \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid816593\charrsid11293959 \'a7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 3107}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 (b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid816593\charrsid11293959 and 3108(a) (2005}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9838179 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2058270\charrsid11293959 III. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10366416\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7432107\charrsid11293959 Because }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 did not bring the alleged error to the attention of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 uperior}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 C}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 ourt,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7432107\charrsid11293959 despite the opportunity to do so, for example, by seeking to withdraw his plea prior to sentencing,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 our review is for plain error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7432107\charrsid11293959 See}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7432107\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 People v. Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 9}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281785\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281785\charrsid11293959 see also Boykin v. Alabama}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281785\charrsid11293959 , 395 U.S. 238, 241-}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 42 (1969) (finding error }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 plain on the face of the record}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281785\charrsid11293959 guilty plea was}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7281785\charrsid11293959 intelligent and voluntary)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 Under plain error review, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 has the burden of proving: (1) that there has been a violation of a legal rule, not waived by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 Van}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 Bui, during court proceedings;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 (2) the err}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 or must be plain in that it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 clear}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 obvious}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 under current law; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 and (3) the plain error must have affected }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 substantial rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11146589\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 ; }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 see also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 8 GCA \'a7 130.50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 (b) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 (permitting review on appeal of unpreserved errors only if they are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 [p]lain errors or defects affecting substantial rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15362951\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16010938\charrsid11293959 ; }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 United States v. McKinney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid472966\charrsid11293959 , 954 F.2d 471, 476 (7th Cir. 1992) (holding that the defendant bears the burden of proving that a plain error affected substantial rights, even if the alleged error is a constitutional error)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149343\charrsid11293959 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7475149\charrsid11293959 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3555714 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs24\super\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 \chftn }{ \fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 The federal statute governing plain error review of criminal convictions is substantively identical to the corresponding Guam statute.}{\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{\i\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Compare}{ \fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 8 GCA \'a7 130.50(b) (\'93}{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Plain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court.\'94), }{ \i\fs24\cf1\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 with }{\fs24\cf1\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b) (\'93A plain error that affects substantial rights may be considered even though it was not brought to the court\rquote s attention.\'94 ).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 Plain error also requires a finding that the error has seriously affected the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 United States v. Gandia-Maysonet}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 227 F.3d 1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 , 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 -6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707902\charrsid11293959 1st Cir. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 2000) (finding plain error where defendant was misinformed of intent requirement)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 see also}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508514\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 18.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16586169\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2058270\charrsid11293959 IV.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7695323\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 A}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 court may not accept a guilty plea unless the defendant is adequately informed of the nature of the charge against him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 8 GCA \'a7 60.50 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 (2005) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 The court shall not accept a plea of guilty . . . without first, by addressing the defendant personally in open court, informing him of and determining that h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 e understands . . .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 the nature of the charge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10894760\charrsid11293959 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 Because a guilty plea operates as a waiver of important rights, it is constitutionally valid }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 only if done voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently, \lquote with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and likely consequences.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 Bradshaw v. Stumpf}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 , 545}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131549\charrsid11293959 U.S. 175, 183 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7897035\charrsid11293959 (2005)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131549\charrsid11293959 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131549\charrsid11293959 Brady v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16131549\charrsid11293959 , 397 U.S. 742, 748 (1970))}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 -14}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 A }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393671\charrsid11293959 guilty }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 plea }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393671\charrsid11293959 \lquote cannot be truly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 voluntary unless the defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393671\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 possesses an understanding of t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 he }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 law in relation to the facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 14 (quoting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 McCarthy v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 , 394 U.S. 459, 466 (1969)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13134921\charrsid11293959 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 must }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 be}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 inform}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 ed of the crime\rquote s elements, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 or }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5384220\charrsid11293959 constitutional requirements }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 will not have been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 met.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524605\charrsid11293959 at 18}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 2-8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4524605\charrsid11293959 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 (citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9593484\charrsid11293959 Henderson v. Morgan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11145399\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. 637}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 , 644-45}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11145399\charrsid11293959 (1976}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13831692\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11145399\charrsid11293959 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 S}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 ome elements, such as intent, are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 critical element[s],}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 a description of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 such}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 element}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 is required}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13851201\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13851201\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730439\charrsid11293959 647}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13851201\charrsid11293959 n.18 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 (setting aside plea where defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 had not been informed of intent to kill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 element of second-degree murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 But it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6427665\charrsid11293959 might}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 not be necessary to describe }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 elements }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2499429\charrsid11293959 of an offense that are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 not critical}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 See}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13851201\charrsid11293959 id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 assum[ing],}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 without deciding, that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 a description of every element of the offense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 is }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 required).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 In determining whether an element is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 critical}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 within the meaning of }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 , courts have often examined whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 the omitted or unexplained element was one which elevated the degree and seriousness of the crime to which the plea was offered above some other offense.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 5 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 Wayne R. LaFave, et }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 al., }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 Criminal Procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 \'a7 21.4(c)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 & n.76}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 (3d ed. Westlaw through 2008) (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 United States v. Minore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 , 292 F.3d 1109}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 , 1117}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 (9th Cir. 2002)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9337540\charrsid11293959 ). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 The level of explanation required may depend on the complexity of the charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 See }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 16;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 United States v. James}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 , 210 F.3d 1342, 1345 (11th Cir. 2000) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 \lquote Charges of a more complex nature . . . may require more explication.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 United States v. DePace}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 , 120 F.3d 237, 237 (11th Cir. 1997)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286669\charrsid11293959 When the elements of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097597\charrsid11293959 a crime are easily understoo d, reading the indictment or a summary of the charges in the indictment may be sufficient to advise a defendant of the elements of the crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097597\charrsid11293959 United States v. Van Buren}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097597\charrsid11293959 , 804 F.2d 888,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13372259\charrsid11293959 892}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097597\charrsid11293959 (6th Cir. 1986).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7097597\charrsid11293959 If the charge is more complex or uses concepts or t erms that may be foreign to a lay person, however, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13372259\charrsid11293959 the court may require more than a reading of the indictment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13372259\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 Chung}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8550472\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 The notice requirement may also be violated if a court misinforms the defendant regarding an element of the offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 See Bousley v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 , 523 U.S. 614}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 , 618-19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 (1998)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 Gandia-Maysonet}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 , 227 F.3d 1, 5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14702575\charrsid11293959 (1st Cir. 2000)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 . \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 In determining whether a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 guilty plea was a knowing and voluntary act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 , we}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581176\charrsid11293959 review}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581176\charrsid11293959 the totality of the relevant circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581176\charrsid11293959 Hanson v. Phillips}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2581176\charrsid11293959 , 442 F.3d 789, 798}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 (2d Cir. 2006);}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 Beck v. Angelone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 , 261 F.3d 377}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 , 394}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 (4th Cir. 2001)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 ; }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 see Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. at 644}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12257441\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286669\charrsid11293959 Any facts in the record at the time of the plea proceeding may be used to support the plea.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286669\charrsid11293959 United States v. Adams}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286669\charrsid11293959 , 448 F.3d 492, 499 (2d Cir. 2006).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14907155\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13136658\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8738627\charrsid11293959 The}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 elements of each charge do not need to be explained to the defendant by the judge himself on the record.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S. at 183.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 Rather, the record is sufficient if it reflects that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 defendant\rquote s counsel explained }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 the elements of the crime}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1851870\charrsid11293959 to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 Where}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 a defendant is represented by competent counsel, the court usually may rely on that counsel\rquote s assurance that the defendant has been properly informed of the nature and elements of the charge}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 to which he is pleading guilty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid28827\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4725125\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 The Supreme Court had }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 suggested }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 earlier }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 in dicta}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 from }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 that, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 even without such an express representation, it may be appropriate to presume that in most cases defense counsel routinely explain the nature of the offense in sufficient detail to give the accused notice of wha}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 t he is being asked to admit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 426 U.S. at 647.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 Courts have taken different positions on whether and how that dicta should be applied.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 State v. Reid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 , for example, the Connecticut Supreme Court stated that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 the presumption should apply}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 unless a record contains some positive suggestion that the de fendant\rquote s attorney had not informed the defendant of the elements.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 894 A.2d 963, 976 (Conn. 2006)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 State v. Lopez} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642340\charrsid11293959 , 850 A.2d 143, 144 (Conn. 2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 By contrast, in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 Abrams v. State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 a Maryland appellate court found that, after the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475500\charrsid11293959 decision: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 N}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 o longer can a trial judge rely on the presumption that defense counsel has sufficiently explained to the defendant the nature of the offense to which he or she is entering a guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 [as Maryland precedent had allowed prior to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 Instead, the t rial judge must either (1) explain to the defendant on the record the nature of the charge and the elements of the crime, or (2) obtain on the record a representation by defense counsel that the defendant has been \lquote properly informed of the nature of the elements of the charge to which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 he [or she] is pleading guilty.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475500\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid475500\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 933 A.2d 887, 900 (Md. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 Ct. Spec. App}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 . 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 (quoting }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9897200\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 at 183).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 Even if the record does not demonstrate that the elements of an offense were properly explain ed to a defendant by the court or by counsel, courts have sometimes assumed that if a defendant admits to facts amounting to an element of the offense to which he pleads guilty, then he cannot complain that he was not informed of that element.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 LaFave et al., }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 supra}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 \'a7 21.4(c) & }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14179094\charrsid11293959 n.95}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 (collecting cases).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 But see United States v. Syal}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 , 963 F.2d 900, 905 (6th Cir. 1992) (holding that plea was not intelligently made despite a factual stipulation to the acts committed, because }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 there was no explanation of the legal significance of those acts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 ).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 A.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Adequate Explanation }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132666\charrsid11293959 of the Elements}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 of the Crime}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132666\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698737\charrsid11293959 Defendant contends that he was not adequately informed of tw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 o elements of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 16.50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 (a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 , namely}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 : (1) that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 the reasonableness of the explanation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 extreme mental or emotional disturbance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 must be viewed from the perspective of a reasonable person in the defendant\rquote s situation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 ; and (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2698737\charrsid11293959 that the death must have been intentional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837961\charrsid11293959 Appellant\rquote s Reply Brief, p. 6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 (July 18, 2006)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1837961\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596910\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid8607878 1.\tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10103346\charrsid8607878 Lack of Explanation Regarding a Mitigating Factor Is Not Reversible Error \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 One element of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2) is whether the killing was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance for which there is reasonable explanation or excuse,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 where the reasonableness is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 determined from the viewpoint of a reasonable person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 argues that plain error occurred because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 he was not informed of the perspective from which the reasonableness of the excuse of extreme mental or emotional disturbance is measured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10103346\charrsid11293959 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 he excuse of extreme mental or emotional disturbance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 , however,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 is a mitigating factor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4207917\charrsid11293959 that lessens }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 offense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4207917\charrsid11293959 from murder}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 to manslaughter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10820324\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 See }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4207917\charrsid11293959 Because}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 a mitigating factor does}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10820324\charrsid11293959 not }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10820324\charrsid11293959 elevate[] the degree and seriousness of the crime,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4207917\charrsid11293959 it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10820324\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 not a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 critical element}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4207917\charrsid11293959 that is constitutionally required to be explained to a defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 LaFave, et al.,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 supra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 \'a7 21.4(c) & n.76}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 (analyzing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 Thus, e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 ven i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 f }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 did not fully understand this}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 element, it did not affect his substantial rights}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10820324\charrsid11293959 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 constitute plain error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12982705\charrsid11293959 See i}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 d.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 ;}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 2 \'b6 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid8607878 2.\tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid8607878 Van Bui }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid8607878 Was Not Properly Informed of the Intent Element of \'a7 16.50(a)(2) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16257428\charrsid11293959 asserts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7557930\charrsid11293959 that he did not understand the intent element of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 \'a7 16.50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7557930\charrsid11293959 (a)(2)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10103346\charrsid11293959 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7557930\charrsid11293959 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3555714 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs24\super\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 \chftn }{\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{ \fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Van Bui states that he was not informed that he \'93had to have caused the death of Gina Doan intentionally.\'94}{\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Appellant\rquote s Reply Brief, p. 6.} {\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Van Bui is mistaken, however, in that 16.50(a)(2) is not limited to intentional homicide, but also includes homicide committed \'93knowingly\'94 or \'93 recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.\'94}{\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 9 GCA \'a7 16.40(a)(1) and (2).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 In his brief, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 represents that the intent element of (a)(2) was never }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 alluded to by either the superior court or counsel,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8150172\charrsid11293959 Appellant\rquote s }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 Reply Brief, p. 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7557930\charrsid11293959 I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 ntent is a critical element that must be described to the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid730439\charrsid11293959 647}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15816235\charrsid11293959 n.18.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 While the record clearly reflects that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 was informed of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 lement}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1), n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 othing in the record indicates that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 was informed of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 element}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2)} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 . \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 The dif ference between (a)(1) and (a)(2) is the element of intent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 Title 9 GCA \'a7 16.50 provides, in relevant party:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 \'a7 16.50. Manslaughter Defined and Classified.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 (a) Criminal homicide constitutes manslaughter when: \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 (1) it is committed recklessly; or \par (2) a homicide which }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 would otherwise be murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 is committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance for which there is reasonable explanation or excuse (The reasonable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 ness of such explanation or excuse shall be determined from the viewpoint of a reasonable person in the defendant's situation under the circumstances as he believes them to be. The defendant must prove the reasonableness of such explanation or excuse by a preponderance of the evidence.) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.50 (emphasis added).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 Whether a homicide would be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 is defined by 9 GCA \'a7 16.40, and includes an intent element that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 includes a homicide that is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 intentional, knowing, or }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 committed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1329783\charrsid11293959 with extreme recklessness: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 \'a7 16.40. Murder Defined.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 (a) Criminal homicide constitutes murder when: \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 (1) it is committed intentionally or knowingly; or \par (2) it is committed recklessly under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life[.] \par }\pard \ql \fi-360\li1800\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.40}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492825\charrsid11293959 (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 In other words, manslaughter requires either standard recklessness under \'a7 16.50(a)(1), or a level of intent of at least recklessness}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 , combined with the mitigating factor of extreme emotional or m ental disturbance under \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 Cf. State v. Pinero}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8150172\charrsid11293959 , 778 P.2d 704, 714 (Haw.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 1989) (discussing the intent element for a similar manslaughter statute). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 During the hearing, defense counsel offered to stipulate that the government would have proven each of the essential }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 elements of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 ]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 anslaughter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 beyond}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 a reasonable doubt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 , but did not specify whether he was referring to (a)(1) or (a)(2), and he expressly declined to offer a factual basis to support the guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 ER, p. 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 (Change of Plea Hr\rquote g) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 [T]he Defense did not want to go into t[o]o many facts at this point but reserve that for the sentencing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 People}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13456235\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 sought to add}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 a factual stipulation that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 committed the homicide }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 recklessly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 by stabbing the victim twice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 at}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 22-23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3760022\charrsid11293959 Recklessness is the intent element of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 \'a7 16.50(a)(1).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413732\charrsid11293959 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3555714 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs24\super\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 \chftn }{ \fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 To the extent that Van Bui relied on this proposed factual stipulation or on the written plea agreement, both of which related to 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1), he would have been misled, as 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(2) requires a level of intent greater than standard recklessness.}{\fs24\insrsid13388186 }{\i\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 Cf. Bousley}{\fs24\insrsid12138032\charrsid11614101 , 523 U.S. at 618-19 (finding that the notice requirement may be violated if a court misinforms the defendant regarding an element of the offense).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9001403\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 The defense}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 , however, did not agree to the People\rquote s proposed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid534401\charrsid11293959 stipulation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8133973\charrsid11293959 of a recklessly committed homicide by stabbing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 When the court asked whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 would agree to such a factual sti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 pulation, his counsel stated, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 [w]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 ell, Your Honor, with respect to the elements of Manslaughter, our intention was to \endash the Manslaughter was that it was committed under extreme mental and emotional d}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 isturbance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 23.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 The court then requested a factual stipulation from the defense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 After a pause in proceedings during which }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 defense }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 counsel conferred}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 with counsel for the People, defense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 counsel stated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596910\charrsid11293959 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12651157\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13771151\charrsid11293959 I\rquote ve spoken to the Government and . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 I\rquote ve offered to stipulate . . . as follows.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15029211\charrsid11293959 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3674297\charrsid11293959 That h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596910\charrsid11293959 ad the matter gone to trial, the Government would have proved}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745318\charrsid11293959 the following beyond a reasonable doubt; that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664232\charrsid11293959 Defendant committed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664232\charrsid11293959 a homicide }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745318\charrsid11293959 which would otherwise be murder}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745318\charrsid11293959 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664232\charrsid11293959 it was committed under the influence of extreme mental or emotional disturbance; and had the matter gone to trial, we would have established the reasonableness of such explanation or excuse}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12745318\charrsid11293959 to the jury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12651157\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12651157\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12651157\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 at}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11343628\charrsid11293959 24 (Change of Plea Hr\rquote g)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664232\charrsid11293959 (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11343628\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175060\charrsid11293959 No further explanation was provided of \'a7 16.50(a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664232 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 \tab Thus, the record\rquote s only references to the intent element are the government\rquote s ref erence to homicide committed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 recklessly,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 and defense counsel\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 offer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 to stipulate that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9386346\charrsid11293959 committed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 a homicide which would otherwise be murder.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7144866\charrsid11293959 at}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 22-24.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 But }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 recklessly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 is not the appropriate standard }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 under}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 (a)(2), and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 constitutionally}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 -valid plea requires that the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid286335\charrsid11293959 intent element of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 be explained to a defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 before he pleads guilty to committing that crime}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16598870\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16598870\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S. at 183;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16598870\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 426 U.S. at 647}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16598870\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 While }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 a homicide which would otherwise be murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 is an eleme nt listed in (a)(2), and counsel included that element in the stipulation, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 contains several elements of its own, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 the record provides no indication that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 those underlying elements were explained to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 Van}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 Bui.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 Murder}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 as opposed to homicide or ma}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 nslaughter is a c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 oncept that may be foreign to a lay person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 and should be explained to a defendant prior to a guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 See Van Buren}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 , 804 F.2d at 892.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 By referring to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 murder,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid274772\charrsid11293959 it cannot be presumed that a defendant understands or is informed of the elements of that crime.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 See id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 see also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 Appellee\rquote s Brief, p. 11 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 (June 23, 2006) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 conceding that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 he intent element . . . was not self-explanatory[.]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4788212\charrsid11293959 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12655652\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 Even if }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 it were generally appropriate to presume}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 a competent defense }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 cou}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 nsel }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 would have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 explained the elements of the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1517880\charrsid11293959 crime}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 to the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 such a presumption}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 can}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 applied}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 under the unusual circumstances of this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 , where the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1341965\charrsid11293959 last-minute switch to the plea provides a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 positive suggestion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 the elements }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 of the crime to which }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 pleaded guilty }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 were not explained to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 Reid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 , 894 A.2d at 976; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4744747\charrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 17 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 [B]efore we may apply [the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 ] presumption, some factual basis in the record must exist from which we can conclude that Chung\rquote s counsel explained the nature of the charges to him and that Chung thereby understood the nature of the charges.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12399750\charrsid11293959 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838840\charrsid11293959 counsel }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 did not request the change until the colloquy with }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 was almost complete, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s counsel never states that he explained the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 new factual stipulation to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 Van}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 Bui.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 ER, p}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 23-}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287981\charrsid11293959 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6691723\charrsid11293959 (Change of Plea Hr\rquote g)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111999\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 The proceedings were confusing regarding which form of manslaughter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 was pleading guilty to.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 In fact, the court mistakenly entered judgment under \'a7 16.50(a)(1) rather than (a)(2),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 ER, p. 32 (Judgment),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 though the parties agree that the plea was to (a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 , ER, p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1128129\charrsid11293959 25 (Change of Plea Hr\rquote g).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5111999\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 While the factual s tipulations offered with a guilty plea sometimes provide a basis for assuming that the defendant understood the intent element of the crime, such a presumption cannot be made here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 Cf.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 LaFave et al., }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 supra}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9789952\charrsid11293959 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 \'a7 21.4(c).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 Defense counsel\rquote s stipulation did not address the element of intent other than to state, without providing a factual basis, that he committed }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 a homicide which would otherwise be murder.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 ER, p. 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 (Chang of Plea Hr\rquote g)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 While the government\rquote s proposed factual stipulation provided that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 committed the homicide }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 recklessly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 and described how the murder was committed, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9306350\charrsid11293959 and his counsel did not agr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 ee to stipulate to those facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899516\charrsid11293959 22}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 The stipulation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 offered by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 counsel}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 included only the legal conclusion that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 committed a homicide that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 woul}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 d otherwise be murder.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11163055\charrsid11293959 at }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10754341\charrsid11293959 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3288643\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 he record in a guilty plea case will normally contain }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 either an explanation of the charge by the trial judge, or at least a representation by defense counsel that the nature of the offense has been explained to the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. at 647.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 In this case, the record reflects that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 was informed of and understood the elements of 9 GCA \'a7 16.50(a)(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 B} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 ut }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 the record }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899516\charrsid11293959 does not contain an explanation of the 16.50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 (a)(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899516\charrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 charge by the trial judge, or a representation by defe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899516\charrsid11293959 nse counsel that the nature of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 a)(2) had}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 been explained to the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 See id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14899516\charrsid11293959 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S. at 183.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 Thus, based on the record before us, including the confusion regarding the offense to which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4994123\charrsid11293959 pleading guilty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12858652\charrsid11293959 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 last-minute change to the plea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4994123\charrsid11293959 , we }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 find that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 was not provided sufficient notice of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 element of intent under }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7012534\charrsid11293959 9 GCA \'a7 16.50}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 (a)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492513\charrsid11293959 See}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4064637\charrsid11293959 Stumpf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4064637\charrsid11293959 , 545 U.S. at 183}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 ;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 Henderson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5858911\charrsid11293959 , 426 U.S. at 647;}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6907262\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4064637\charrsid11293959 .}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11343628\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 B.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 Failure to Explain the Intent El}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7012534\charrsid11293959 ement of Manslaughter Under 9 GC}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 A \'a7 16.50(a)(2) Constituted Plain Error}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1641111\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928957\charrsid11293959 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928957\charrsid11293959 [T]here may be some constitutional errors which in the setting of a particular case are so unimportant and insignificant that they may, c onsistent with the Federal Constitution, be deemed harmless, not requiring the automatic reversal of the conviction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928957\charrsid11293959 Chapman v. Cal}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041638\charrsid11293959 ifornia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928957\charrsid11293959 , 386 U.S. 18, 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041638\charrsid11293959 2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12928957\charrsid11293959 (1967).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 When a court has failed to adequately determine that a defendant understands the nature of the charges to which he is pleading guilty, however, the error affects the defendant\rquote s substantial rights}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 , and seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 (finding plain error)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 Such a plea cannot be deemed constitutionally voluntary and constitutes plain error.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13860398\charrsid11293959 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 see also United States v. Guerra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 , 94 F.3d 989, 995 (5th Cir. 1996) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 A guilty plea th at was not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently entered is invalid and may be withdrawn by the defendant; a conviction resting upon such a plea must be vacated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9399185\charrsid11293959 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 We therefore vacate the trial court\rquote s judgment of conviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 See Chung}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9853936\charrsid11293959 , 2004 Guam 2 \'b6 18.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2910910\charrsid11293959 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8607878 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13242815\charrsid11293959 V}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2910910\charrsid11293959 .}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536248\charrsid11293959 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11293959 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8607878 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9600489 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4720279\charrsid11293959 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 \tab Because the record indicates that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8091269\charrsid11293959 Van Bui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 was not adequately informed of the intent element of the offense to which he pleaded guilty, we find that the plea was not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11293959 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 We therefore}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 VACATE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4331371\charrsid11293959 the judgment and}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13838181\charrsid11293959 REMAND }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011054\charrsid11293959 to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3281350\charrsid11293959 \par }}