{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;} {\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f36\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\f37\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Verdana;} {\f38\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f39\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f41\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f42\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f43\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f44\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f45\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f46\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f48\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f49\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;} {\f51\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f52\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f53\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f54\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f55\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;} {\f56\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f58\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f59\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f61\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f62\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;} {\f63\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f64\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f65\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f66\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);} {\f398\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f399\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f401\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f402\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f403\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);} {\f404\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f405\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f406\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f407\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f408\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;} {\f409\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f411\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f412\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f415\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f416\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}} {\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0; \red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red255\green255\blue255;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\s1\qj \li0\ri0\sl-504\slmult0\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\outlinelevel0\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 1;}{\s2\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\i\f1\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 2;}{ \s3\ql \li0\ri0\sb240\sa60\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\f1\fs26\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \ul\cf2 \sbasedon10 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 page number;}{\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl-504\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 Body Text;}{\s18\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl-504\slmult0 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 Body Text Indent 2;}{\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 header;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext20 footer;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext21 \ssemihidden footnote text;}{\*\cs22 \additive \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden footnote reference;}{\*\cs23 \additive \b\cf1 \sbasedon10 pmterms21;}{\*\cs24 \additive \b\cf1 \sbasedon10 pmterms11;}{\*\cs25 \additive \b \sbasedon10 term1;}{\*\cs26 \additive \fs16 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden annotation reference;}{\s27\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext27 \ssemihidden annotation text;}{ \s28\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \b\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon27 \snext27 \ssemihidden annotation subject;}{ \s29\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs16\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext29 \ssemihidden Balloon Text;}{\*\cs30 \additive \f37\fs19 \sbasedon10 documentbody1;} {\*\cs31 \additive \b\i\cf12 \sbasedon10 starpage1;}{\*\cs32 \additive \b\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat7 \sbasedon10 searchterm3;}{\*\cs33 \additive \b\f37\fs19 \sbasedon10 groupheading4;}{\*\cs34 \additive \f37\fs14 \sbasedon10 informationalsmall3;}{\*\cs35 \additive \b \sbasedon10 Strong;}{\*\cs36 \additive \f37\fs19 \sbasedon10 listitemlarge1;}{\*\cs37 \additive \ul\cf12 \sbasedon10 FollowedHyperlink;}{ \s38\ql \li0\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext38 Normal (Web);}}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid-405513414 \listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel \levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2 \levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0 \leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid8878200}{\list\listtemplateid821954220\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3 \leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid275543818\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li270\jclisttab\tx270\lin270 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li990\jclisttab\tx990\lin990 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li1710\jclisttab\tx1710\lin1710 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2430\jclisttab\tx2430\lin2430 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3150\jclisttab\tx3150\lin3150 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3870\jclisttab\tx3870\lin3870 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4590\jclisttab\tx4590\lin4590 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5310\jclisttab\tx5310\lin5310 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6030\jclisttab\tx6030\lin6030 }{\listname ;}\listid88087238}{\list\listtemplateid178943010\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid696084933}{\list\listtemplateid-215189648\listhybrid {\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-193056840\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\b\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4 \levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2 \leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid703362059}{\list\listtemplateid-1714398922\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0 \leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid97781982\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1080\jclisttab\tx1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1800\jclisttab\tx1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2520\jclisttab\tx2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3240\jclisttab\tx3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3960\jclisttab\tx3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4680\jclisttab\tx4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5400\jclisttab\tx5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6120\jclisttab\tx6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6840\jclisttab\tx6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid1071385163}{\list\listtemplateid152729602\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat2\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1201358072}{\list\listtemplateid-1306904880\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat5\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid213797084\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li270\jclisttab\tx270\lin270 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li990\jclisttab\tx990\lin990 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li1710\jclisttab\tx1710\lin1710 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2430\jclisttab\tx2430\lin2430 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3150\jclisttab\tx3150\lin3150 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3870\jclisttab\tx3870\lin3870 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4590\jclisttab\tx4590\lin4590 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5310\jclisttab\tx5310\lin5310 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6030\jclisttab\tx6030\lin6030 }{\listname ;}\listid1203204327}{\list\listtemplateid-1931029452\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li7200\jclisttab\tx7200\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid1212768504}{\list\listtemplateid-1595621344\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1626546436}{\list\listtemplateid500486998\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1856247528\'01-;}{\levelnumbers;}\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1666283163}{\list\listtemplateid1835580914\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1672953466}{\list\listtemplateid-1612027798\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat0\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-1228363656\'01-;}{\levelnumbers;}\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af0\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li720\jclisttab\tx720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li1440\jclisttab\tx1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2160\jclisttab\tx2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2880\jclisttab\tx2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3600\jclisttab\tx3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4320\jclisttab\tx4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698689\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5040\jclisttab\tx5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698691\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5760\jclisttab\tx5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698693\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li6480\jclisttab\tx6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid1862161668}{\list\listtemplateid1783004484\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc3\levelnfcn3\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat4\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1707140730\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li270\jclisttab\tx270\lin270 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li990\jclisttab\tx990\lin990 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li1710\jclisttab\tx1710\lin1710 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li2430\jclisttab\tx2430\lin2430 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li3150\jclisttab\tx3150\lin3150 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li3870\jclisttab\tx3870\lin3870 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698703\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li4590\jclisttab\tx4590\lin4590 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698713\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-360\li5310\jclisttab\tx5310\lin5310 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\lvltentative\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid67698715\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\hres0\chhres0 \fi-180\li6030\jclisttab\tx6030\lin6030 }{\listname ;}\listid2086952903}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid1862161668\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid1666283163 \listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid703362059\listoverridecount0\ls3}{\listoverride\listid88087238\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid1203204327\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid2086952903\listoverridecount0\ls6} {\listoverride\listid1212768504\listoverridecount0\ls7}{\listoverride\listid1071385163\listoverridecount0\ls8}{\listoverride\listid1201358072\listoverridecount0\ls9}{\listoverride\listid1626546436\listoverridecount0\ls10}{\listoverride\listid1672953466 \listoverridecount0\ls11}{\listoverride\listid8878200\listoverridecount0\ls12}{\listoverride\listid696084933\listoverridecount0\ls13}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid25060\rsid154454\rsid198192\rsid412270\rsid547673\rsid872492\rsid881345\rsid1316211\rsid1323207 \rsid1407841\rsid1645420\rsid1651980\rsid1920013\rsid1966142\rsid2033505\rsid2049482\rsid2232324\rsid2371413\rsid2959946\rsid3034158\rsid3153943\rsid3218418\rsid3357583\rsid3475656\rsid3497252\rsid3964223\rsid4140983\rsid4225674\rsid4289500\rsid4591913 \rsid4682457\rsid4866441\rsid4945083\rsid4984514\rsid4994277\rsid5010986\rsid5073281\rsid5720220\rsid5781710\rsid5791148\rsid5792618\rsid5927693\rsid6056296\rsid6296805\rsid6370255\rsid6439808\rsid6647156\rsid6955060\rsid7233786\rsid7287709\rsid7425877 \rsid7548712\rsid7689894\rsid8078060\rsid8149627\rsid8201649\rsid8587897\rsid8676295\rsid9121364\rsid9184943\rsid9192204\rsid9326101\rsid9634722\rsid9717231\rsid9725073\rsid9856221\rsid9911305\rsid9923156\rsid9974789\rsid10094334\rsid10444213\rsid10689147 \rsid11038545\rsid11094303\rsid11289792\rsid11603555\rsid11735785\rsid11754887\rsid11814687\rsid11868724\rsid12016851\rsid12066437\rsid12148203\rsid12323648\rsid12609618\rsid12664091\rsid12671367\rsid12718713\rsid12921434\rsid13178605\rsid13398234 \rsid13907197\rsid13965766\rsid14229454\rsid14253537\rsid14448407\rsid15288740\rsid15425372\rsid15432082\rsid15433403\rsid15678318\rsid15755807\rsid16063582\rsid16082876\rsid16128375\rsid16461719\rsid16537511\rsid16600563\rsid16606409\rsid16660707 \rsid16727523}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6829;}{\info{\title People v. Torres, CRA06-004}{\subject criminal}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2009\mo1\dy9\hr11\min2}{\revtim\yr2009\mo1\dy9\hr15\min43} {\printim\yr2008\mo12\dy31\hr14\min27}{\version10}{\edmins12}{\nofpages18}{\nofwords7385}{\nofchars42100}{\*\company Judiciary of Guam}{\nofcharsws49387}{\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags}} \paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb360\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1 \dgvshow1\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\rsidroot1066624 \fet0{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid198192\sftnbj {\headerr \pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10444213 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid9923156 People v. Torres}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 ,}{\fs20\insrsid10689147 }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9974789 15}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 of }{\field{\*\fldinst { \fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10689147 29}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\fs20\insrsid10689147 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10444213 {\fs20\insrsid10689147 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10444213 {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 \par }}{\footerr \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \par }}{\headerf \pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10444213 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid9923156 People v. Torres}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 ,}{\fs20\insrsid10689147 }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid9974789 1}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10444213 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt { \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid10689147 28}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\fs20\insrsid10689147 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10444213 {\fs20\insrsid10689147 \par }\pard \s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid10689147 \par }}{\footerf \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1651980 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid3497252\charrsid1651980 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 PEOPLE OF GUAM, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Plaintiff-Appellee, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 v. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 RANDOL}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 PH} {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184943\charrsid12323648 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 S. TORRES, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Defendant-Appellant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881345\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881345\charrsid12323648 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA06-004 \par Superior Court Case Nos.: CM0284-06/CM0870-05}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881345\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1651980 {\b\insrsid3497252\charrsid1651980 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9974789 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9974789\charrsid9974789 Filed: December 31, 2008 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Cite as: 2008 Guam }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218418\charrsid12323648 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8149627 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on July 2, 2007 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12323648 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 F. Randall Cunliffe, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 . \par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12323648 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Cunliffe & Cook, P.C. \par 210 Archbishop Flores St}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12323648 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 96910\cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Marianne Woloschuk, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par Office of the Attorney General \par 287 W O\rquote Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881345\charrsid12323648 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198192\charrsid12323648 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, Associate Justice;}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198192\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid198192 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid16727523 \chftn }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid16727523 Prior to the issuance of this Opinion, Justice Robert J. Torres assumed the role of Chief Justice while Chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PersonName}}Justice F. Philip Carbullido{\*\xmlclose} assumed the role of Associate Justice. \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198192\charrsid12323648 and, RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198192\charrsid12323648 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid198192\charrsid12323648 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10444213\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 CARBULLIDO, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6647156\charrsid12323648 C.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 J.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881345\charrsid12323648 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8149627\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [1]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This matter comes before us from the denial of Defendant-Appellant Randol}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9184943\charrsid12323648 ph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 S. Torres\rquote s motions to dismiss two separate criminal charges for knowingly violating a protective order,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6439808\charrsid12323648 Superior Court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Crim. Case Nos. CM 0870-05 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ) and CM 0284-06 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres argues that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and section 1421b(d) of the Organic Act of Guam, 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1421b(d), bar the criminal charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 He contends that the trial court erred in failing to acknowledge as initial jeopardy two previous contempt sanctions brought against him in a domestic proceeding.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We agree with Torres\rquote s contention that the purpose of the contempt sanctions was punitive, the sanctions put the defendant in jeopardy, and a second criminal punishment of the same underlying offense is therefore barred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We find that the trial court erred when it denied Torres\rquote s motion to dismiss the criminal cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Accordingly, the trial court\rquote s denials of Torres\rquote s motions to dismiss Criminal Cases I and II are reversed, and we remand the cases for dismissal by the trial court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 I. }{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Facts}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The events of a domestic case between Defendant-Appellant Torres and his former girlfriend Berniece Garrido form the basis of Torres\rquote s double jeopardy claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16461719\charrsid12323648 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 7 (Mar. 12, 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The relationship between Torres and Garrido ended when Torres allegedly set Garrido\rquote s alarm clock on fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 As plaintiff in the domestic proceeding, Garrido obtained a Preliminary Order of Protection (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 protective order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ) from the court enjoining Torres }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 from threatening, abusing, harassing or disturbing the peace and physical well-being of the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 or from approaching within five hundred feet of her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 ), tab ER1 at 1 (Prem. Order of Protection, Nov. 17, 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 order remained effective until September 22, 2006.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718713\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres reportedly violated the protective order on two separate occasions, resulting in the two criminal cases underlying this appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The same events also resulted in two contempt sanctions ordered by the court in the domestic case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The first incident, un derlying Criminal Case I, occurred on December 1, 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Garrido reported that Torres visited and called her residence in violation of the order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448407\charrsid12323648 , tab ER3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 4 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448407\charrsid12323648 Viol. of a Court Order}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , Dec. 2 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres turned himself in to the Guam Police that same d ay for his violation of 9 GCA \'a7 30.40(a) of the Crimes and Corrections Code, which makes it a criminal misdemeanor to knowingly violate a protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In a magistrate hearing the following day, the Attorney General formally charged Torres with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448407\charrsid12323648 a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 violation of a court order under 9 GCA \'a7 30.40(a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448407\charrsid12323648 , tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4984514\charrsid12323648 ER2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 3 (Mag}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720220\charrsid12323648 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 . Compl., Dec. 2, 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres spent twelve days in jail, after which he was released on his own recognizance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 On March 29, 2006, more than t hree months later, the lower court in the domestic case issued an order finding Torres in contempt of court for his December 1, 2005 violation of the protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13907197\charrsid12323648 , tab ER3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 5-6 (Order Re: Contempt, Mar. 29, 2006).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 While this domestic proceeding w as separate from the criminal case, the contempt finding was based on the same factual circumstances surrounding the misdemeanor charge of Criminal Case I.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The lower court ordered Torres to serve a period of twelve days of incarceration with credit for time served.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Because Torres had already spent twelve days in jail following his December arrest, Torres did not serve any additional time. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Later in the day on March 29, 2006, Garrido reported a second instance of Torres\rquote s violation of the protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Garrido reported that she had been driving along Ypao Road when she noticed that both of her rear tires were flat, pulled over to the side of the road, and called a relative for help.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 While she was still on the phone with her relative, Torres appeared and offered his help.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Garrido initially refused his assistance and reminded him of the protective order, but Torres insisted that he help her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Afterwards, Garrido reported the incident to an officer at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720220\charrsid12323648 Hag\'e5t\'f1a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Precinct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres again turned himself in t o the Guam Police soon thereafter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720220\charrsid12323648 , tab ER5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 9 (Order Re: Contempt, Apr. 24, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The next day, Torres was brought before a judge in a magistrate hearing under Criminal Case II.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720220\charrsid12323648 , tab ER4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 7 (Mag}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5720220\charrsid12323648 is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Compl., Mar. 30, 2006).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 He was again charged with violation of the protective order under section 30.40.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This time, Torres spent a total of eight days in jail before being released on his own recognizance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Nearly a month after this second incident, the lower court held Torres in contempt in the domestic proceeding for again violating the protective order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15433403\charrsid12323648 , tab ER5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 9-10 (Order Re: Contempt).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The judge ordered that Torres should serve a period of eight days of incarceration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Like the previous contempt sanction , Torres was given credit for his eight days already served immediately following the incident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Unlike the last contempt sanction, Torres was also fined one hundred dollars ($100) for the violation, payable to the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15433403\charrsid12323648 Id}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15433403\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres moved to dismiss b oth criminal cases, arguing that a second prosecution for the same actions already punished by contempt sanctions in the domestic proceeding would place him in double jeopardy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In its Decision and Order, the Superior Court held that the contempt sanctions in the domestic proceeding did not trigger double jeopardy protections.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 RA II, tab 18 (Dec. and Order on Def.\rquote s Mot. to Dismiss, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , Nov. 14, 2006); RA I at 36 (Order on Def.\rquote s Mot. to Dismiss, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , Jan. 3, 2007) (incorporating Dec. and Order of Nov. 14, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The court reasoned that because the sanctions occurred in a civil proceeding and were made pursuant to a statute in the Civil Procedure Code, they were merely civil sanctions and thus did not rise to the level of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 jeopardy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 that would bar prosecution for the criminal charges.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 RA II, tab 18 at 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 (Dec. and Order on Def.\rquote s Mot.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 Dismiss)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The court summarily characterized the contempt orders as civil, stating that Torres was not }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 punished}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in the jeopardy sense because civil sanctions are meant to coerce, not punish.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 Id}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Citing the rule that only criminal, and not civil, contempt sanctions qualify as punishment in a double jeopardy analysis, the court denied Torres\rquote s motions to dismiss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4945083\charrsid12323648 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 3. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres subsequently filed timely appeals to this court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We granted a motion to consolidate the appeals under Case No. CRA06-004. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 II. }{ \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Jurisdiction}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The threshold issue concerns this court \rquote s exercise of appellate jurisdiction following the Superior Court\rquote s denial of a motion to dismiss on double jeopardy grounds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government argues that this court lacks jurisdiction under 7 GCA \'a7 3108 because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 this is not an appeal from a final judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Defendant Torres has not made the necessary showing of a colorable claim to invoke this court\rquote s discretionary jurisdiction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664091\charrsid12323648 (Apr. 11, 2007)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9856221 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 3108(b)(2) of Title 7 of the Guam Code Annotated allows this court to exercise its discretionary jurisdiction over interlocutory appeals in certain instances, including when resolution of the matter will }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 protect a party from substantial and irreparable injury.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 7 GCA \'a7 3108(b)(2) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We have reasoned that the harm caused in forcing a defendant to undergo a trial that should be barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause would be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 irreparable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Guam v. Angoco}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 2004 Guam 11 \'b6 6 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Abney v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 431 U.S. 651, 662 (1977)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 see also Mitchell v. Forsyth}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 472 U.S. 511, 537 (1985) (O\rquote Connor, J., concurring in part) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The very pur pose of such immunities [as the Double Jeopardy Clause] is to protect the defendant from the burdens of trial, and the right will be irretrievably lost if its denial is not immediately appealable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In the interest of protecting a defendant from the rigor s of a trial that may be barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause, this court may exercise its discretionary jurisdiction under section 3108(b)(2).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government also argues that judicial economy militates against allowing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 every }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 appeal claiming a double jeopardy violation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Ninth Circuit allows appeals for all }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 colorable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 double jeopardy challenges, meaning claims that have }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 some possible validity.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Zone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 403 F.3d 1101, 1104 (9th Cir. 2005) (quoting }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Price,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 314 F.3d 417, 420 (9th Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government argues that Torres has not met this burden of making a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 colorable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 1-2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9326101\charrsid12323648 (Apr. 11, 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We find, however, that Torres has made a facial showing of the punitive nature of the domestic court\rquote s contempt sanction\emdash Torres was sentenced to two definite and unconditional periods of incarceration in the domestic case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 , tab ER3}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 5-6 (Order Re: Contempt, Mar. 29, 2006); ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12664091\charrsid12323648 , tab ER5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 9-10 (Order Re: Contempt, Apr. 26, 2006); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 RA I at 12-13 (Mem. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 P. & A. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in Support of Mot. Dismiss Indictment, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , May 26, 2006) and RA II at 9-10 (Mem. of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 P.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 & A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in Support of Mot. Dismiss Indictment, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14253537\charrsid12323648 Criminal Case II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , May 26, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Punitive contempt sanctions qualify as criminal punishment, warranting the protection of the Double Jeopardy Clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 509 U.S. 688, 696 (1993) (citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bloom v. Illinois}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 391 U.S. 194, 201 (1968)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We therefore find that Torres\rquote s claim has some possible validity, and Torres has met his burden of making a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 colorable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We elect to exercise our discretionary jurisdiction over the matter, the resolution of which may protect Torres from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 substantial and irreparable injury,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 and to cla rify the law with regard to contempt sanctions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 III. }{ \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Standard of Review}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [14]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The denial of a pretrial motion to dismiss an indictment on double jeopardy or collateral estoppel grounds is reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 de novo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Guam v. Angoco}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 2004 Guam 11 \'b6 7 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. James}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 109 F.3d 597, 599 (9th Cir. 1997)); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. Palisoc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , {\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkstart OLE_LINK2}2002 Guam 9 {\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK1}{\*\bkmkend OLE_LINK2} \'b6 35.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 IV. }{ \b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Double Jeopardy Analysis}{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5927693\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres challenges the trial court\rquote s finding that the contempt sanctions of the domestic case do not qualify as jeopardy triggering double jeopardy protections.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Specifically, Torres argues that the contempt sanctions ordered in the domestic case were punitive and therefore criminal punishments, Appellant\rquote s Reply Br. at 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12609618\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8676295\charrsid12323648 (Apr. 25, 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , and that application of the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 same-elements test reveals that the misdemeanor charges are barred by double jeopardy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellant\rquote s Br. at 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In response, the government contends that the contempt sanctions in this case were civ il sanctions; relevant Guam law treats contempt of court as a civil matter; the appellate record is insufficient to support a finding of double jeopardy; and if double jeopardy may result from a contempt sanction issued in a civil proceeding, the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 should be given notice and opportunity to be heard.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Each of these arguments is addressed below.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres\rquote s Contempt Sanctions were Criminal Contempt Sanctions that Constituted Torres\rquote s Initial Jeopardy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13398234 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Bill of Rights of the Organic Act of Guam provides that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [n]o person shall be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of punishment . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1421b(d) (West 2008).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 1421b(u) of the {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b1702}{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b1703}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b1702}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b1703}Organic Act of Guam similarly extends the Fifth Amendment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9192204\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s Double Jeopardy Clause to Guam.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1421b(u) (West 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Double Jeopardy Clause protects against three distinct abuses:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 a second prosecution for the same offense after acquittal; a second prosecution for the same offense after conviction; and multiple criminal punishments for the same offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Halper,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 490 U.S. 435, 440 (1989), }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 as modified by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\cs33\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson v. United States,}{\cs33\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 522 U.S. 93, 99 (1997).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 At issue in this case is the protection from multiple punishments for the same offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13398234\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The parties do not contest that the double jeopardy protections only apply to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 multiple }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 criminal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 punishments for the same offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 522 U.S. at 99 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Helvering v. Mitchell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 303 U.S. 391, 399 (1938)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Double Jeopardy Clause does not bar the state from imposing both a civil and a criminal penalty upon a defendant for the same offense}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See Helvering v. Mitchell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 303 U.S. 391, 399 (1938).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 With regard to contempt, only criminal contempt sanctions, not civil contempt sanctions, qualify as the initial jeopardy that prevents future criminal proceedings against the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Yates v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 355 U.S.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9192204\charrsid12323648 66, 74 (1957); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 see also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re Farr}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 134 Cal. Rptr. 595, 599 (Cal. Ct. App. 1976) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [T]he preclusion of multiple prosecution . . . applies to the criminal contempt process.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In determining whether a double jeopardy violation exists, the court must first determine whether jeopardy has previously attached.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. Manila}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 2005 Guam 6 \'b6 23.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This is because }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 an accused must suffer jeopardy before he can suffer double jeopardy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Serfass v. United States}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 420 U.S. 377, 393 (1975)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Accordingly, we must decide whether the contempt orders of March 29, 2006 and April 24, 2006 imposed criminal sanctions that constituted Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid872492\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s initial jeopardy, or were civil sanctions that do not trigger the protections of the Double Jeopardy Clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 1. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Contempt Sanctions Were Punitive and Therefore }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841 Criminal }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in Nature}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In identifying whether a contempt proceeding was civil or criminal, we consider the entire disposition of the proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Both the substance of the proceeding and the character of the relief that the proceeding will afford are critical factors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 If the relief provided is a sentence of imprisonment, it is remedial and civil if }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the defendant stands committed unless and until he performs the affirmative act required by the court\rquote s order,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hicks ex. rel. Feiock v. Feiock,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 485 U.S. 624, 632 (1988) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Gompers v. Buck\rquote s Stove & Range Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 221 U.S. 418, 442 (1911)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 As the Supreme Court has stated, any sentence }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 must be viewed as remedial,}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 and hence civil in nature, }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 if the court conditions release upon the contemnor}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid872492\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s willingness to [comply with the order].}{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Feiock,}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 485 U.S. at 631, 634-36 (quoting }{ \cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Shillitani v. United States}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 384 U.S. 364, 370 (1966)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Int\rquote l Union, United Mine Workers of Am. v. Bagwell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 512 U.S. 821, 828 (1994) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The paradigmatic coercive, civil contempt sanction . . . involves confining a contemnor indefinitely until he complies with an affirmative command such as an order [to pay child support].}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3964223 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 A sanction is likely to be civil if the defendant stands committed unless and until (and only until) he performs the affirmative act required by the court\rquote s order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 However, where the sanction is to punish past misconduct, to vindicate the authority of the court, it is criminal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Gompers,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 221 U.S. at 442.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It is punitive if the sentence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 is imposed retrospectively for a completed act of disobedience, such that the contemnor cannot avoid or abbreviate the confinement through later compliance,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 or if the sentence is limited to imprisonment for a definite period.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bagwell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 512 U.S. at 829.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See also United States v. Haggerty, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 528 F. Supp. 1286, 1296 (D. Colo. 1981) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [I]f the sentence imposed is conditional and grants the defendant the ability to end the penalty by complying with the order, the contempt is civil; where the penalty is fixed and there is no possibility of complying with the court order, the contempt is criminal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Criminal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 contempt, as distinct from civil contempt, is used to punish disobedience with a judicial order, and thus vindicate the authority of the court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 G. & C. Merriam Co. v. Webster Dictionary Co., Inc., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 639 F.2d 29, 40 (1st Cir. 1980).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government urges the court to apply the test outlined in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 522 U.S. 93 (1997) to determine that the contempt sanctions in the domestic proceedings were civil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 9.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We decline to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the court developed a multi-factor balancing tool to determine whether an administrative sanction should be characterized as criminal or civil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232324\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 regulatory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The purpose of the test was to determine when a statute which purports to provide a civil remedy (either on its face, or via legislative intent) is so punitive either in purpose or effect as to transform what was clearly intended as a civil remedy into a criminal penalty.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 522 U.S. at 99.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Guam\rquote s general contempt statute, found in section 34101 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of Title 7 of the Guam Code Annotated, does not on its face or in its legislative history purport to create a uniquely civil remedy, so }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 is inapplicable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Instead of applying }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 we will rely on well-established tests for determining whether a court-imposed contempt sanction is criminal or civil.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Thus we adopt the approach of other courts who, in the decade since }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 was decided, have not applied the }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 factors when classifying a contempt sanction as criminal or civil.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Lippitt, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 180 F.3d 873, 877 & n.5 (7th Cir. 1999); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 FTC v. Kuykendall, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 371 F.3d 745, 751 (10th Cir. 2004) (determining whether contempt proceeding was civil or cri minal in nature by applying }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bagwell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 analysis}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 with no reference to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 );}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re Ivey,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 102 Cal. Rptr. 2d 447 (Cal. Ct. App. 2000) (applying traditional tests for determining whether a court-imposed contempt sanction is criminal or civil, without reference to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 But see}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\cs36\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Jackson,}{\cs36\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 363 B.R. 859, 864 (N.D. Ill. 2007) (}{\cs35\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 applying}{\cs35\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Hudson}{ \cs35\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 first to examine statute used to inflict the punishment to determine whether the legislature intended a civil penalty, before applying }{\cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bagwell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 to determine whether statutory scheme was punitive}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Distilling the above rules, one of the most salient characteristics of criminal contempt is an inability to cure the contempt by compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Feiock, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 485 U.S. at 632-33 & n.6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Several features of Torres\rquote s contempt sanctions convince us that both sanctions were criminal in nature and served to place Torres in jeopardy.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Here, the sentence imposed by each contempt sanction was fixed and imposed retrospectively for a completed act of disobedience.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 These distinctions support Torres\rquote s contention that the sanctions were criminal in nature.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5781710\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres argues that the contempt sanctions cannot be classified as a coercive civil sanction to force him to comply with the protective order because the contempt proceeding occurred much later than the violation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellant\rquote s Reply Br. at 3.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Torres also cites to section 34103 of the Guam Civil Procedure Code which seems to describe what a coercive sanction would look like. Appellant\rquote s Reply Br. at 3. This provision established that if the contempt is omission to perform any act, the person may be imprisoned until performance. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government argues that the contempt was civil because its purpose was to assure Garrido that there were consequences to violation of the protective order, regardless of whether Torres committed a criminal act.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 14.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government further asserts that the fact Torres was confined for several days and then was released by the trial court shows the trial court was exercising its coercive powers, and released Torres when he showed himself willing to obey the protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government cites to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. United Mine Workers of Am., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in which the United States Supreme Court stated that where the court exercises coercive power:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 for the purpose of compelling future obedience, those imprisoned \lquote carry the keys of their prison in their own pockets,\rquote [citation omitted]; by obedience to the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid872492\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s valid order, they can end their confinement; and the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid872492\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s coercive power in such a \lquote civil contempt \rquote proceeding ends when its order has been obeyed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 330 U.S. 258, 331-32 (1947).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Thus, the Government attempts to characterize the situation as one where Torres was an imprisoned contemnor w ho carried the keys of the prison in his own pocket, ending his confinement by obedience to the court\rquote s valid order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee \rquote s Br. at 15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This characterization is misplaced given the factual circumstances of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In each case, Torres was initially jailed, not by Judge Unpingco for contempt of court, but rather upon turning himself in to the police for the violation of a protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225674\charrsid12323648 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12016851\charrsid12323648 tabs }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225674\charrsid12323648 ER3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12016851\charrsid12323648 and ER5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4225674\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (Order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12016851\charrsid12323648 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Re: Contempt}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11735785\charrsid12323648 , DM1510-05)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In each case, the day after Torres turned himself in, a Magistrate\rquote s Complaint charging him with a misdemeanor crime was filed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 , tab ER2 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 3 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 Magis. Comp., Criminal Case I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dec}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 2, 2005); ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 , tab ER4 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 7 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 Magis. Comp., Criminal Case II,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Mar}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid154454\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 30, 2006).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Torres then served a number of days in jail (twelve days in Criminal Case I, and eight days in Criminal Case II), after which Torres was released from custody.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13178605\charrsid12323648 ER, tabs ER3 and ER5 (Orders Re: Contempt, DM1510-05)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 He was later brought before Judge Unpingco on an Order to Show Cause Re: Contempt for his violation of the court\rquote s protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In the first case, the hearing before Judge Unpingco occurred several months after Torres\rquote release; in the second case, he appeared before the judge several days after his release from custody.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Thus Torres\rquote s cases are unlike those in which an individual imprisoned for civil contempt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 holds the keys}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 to his jail cell and is released upon his compliance with a court order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 To the contrary, Torres\rquote s release on the criminal charges preceded his hearings before Judge Unpingco by several days or several months. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In each of the subsequent contempt proceedings, the court sentenced Torres to the number of days he had already served, with credit for time served.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The character of the relief afforded by such a sanction is not clearly punitive or coercive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Looking to the substance of the proceedings, however, we conclude that in each case, its primary objective was to punish the defendant, not to coerce action for the benefit of the aggrieved party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Here, the trial court\rquote s sanctions of Torres for his violation of the protective order were issued after Torres had already turned himself in to the police for the violation, had already been criminally charged pursuant to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11735785\charrsid12323648 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ection 30.40, and had already been released from custody.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 On these facts and in the absence of evidence to the contrary, we presume that the purpose of the trial court\rquote s show cause orders was primarily to vindicate the court\rquote s authorit y, not the purpose of coercing compliance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, we find}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11735785\charrsid12323648 that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the contempt sanctions were criminal in nature and caused jeopardy to attach.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In the case of the}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 second contempt sanction, the $100 fine imposed retrospectively for a completed act of disobedience further supports our finding that the purpose of the sanction was criminal, not civil, in nature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 As the United States Supreme Court summarized in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Feiock}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , if the relief provided is a fine, it is remedial when it is paid to the complainant, an d generally punitive when it is paid to the court, though a fine that would be payable to the court is also remedial when the defendant can avoid paying the fine simply by performing the affirmative act required by the court\rquote s order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 485 U.S. at 632.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 A con ditional fine is considered civil because its goal is to coerce the defendant into complying with an order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bagwell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 512 U.S at 822.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The key point is that }{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 where a fine is not compensatory (payable to the complainant), it is }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 civil only if the contemnor is afforded an opportunity to purge.}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689894\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689894\charrsid12323648 at 829}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (citation omitted). }{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Here, Torres had no opportunity to purge the fine by compliance with the court\rquote s order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The fine was payable to the court, and was retrospective, levied in response to a discrete, fixed action in the past.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This retrospective, incurable sanction bears the hallmarks of a criminal contempt, not a civil one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In summary, we find that the unconditional nature of the fine in Torres\rquote s second contempt sanction underscores our finding that it was a criminal contempt sanction sufficient to have caused jeopardy to attach for that charge. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Guam Courts May Impose Civil or Criminal Contempt Sanctions}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In arguing that Torres\rquote s contempt sanctions were merely civil remedies in a civil proceeding, the Government emphasizes that the contempt powers articulated in Guam statute in section 34101 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 fall under the Civil Procedure Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 12.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government argues that section 34101 must contemplate a uniquely civil sanction, because a separate provision of the code, section 30.40, allows criminal prosecution of contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We find this argument to be without merit.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It is the substance of t he proceeding and the character of the relief that the proceeding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12671367\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 affords that determine whether a sanction is criminal or civil, not the legislative label.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Second, the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 government\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 argument, that the legislature intended only to establish the power of civil contempt sanctions in 7 GCA \'a7 34101, must fail.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The power of contempt exercised by the Superior Court is a power inherent in all courts to enforce obedience, something they must possess in order to properly perform their functions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Historically, a court\rquote s contempt powers have been described as }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 sui generis}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \emdash neither civil actions nor prosecutions for offenses, within the ordinary meanings of those terms.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See Myers v. United States,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 264 U.S. 95, 103 (1924).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Guam }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 L}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12921434\charrsid12323648 e}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 gislature has established certain procedures to govern the court\rquote s exercise of its inherent contempt powers via section 34101 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547673\charrsid12323648 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Guam Civil Procedure Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 34102 provides that contempt which occurs in the actual presence of the court (sometimes called direct contempt) may be punished summarily, but other contempt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073281\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (sometimes called indirect contempt) shall be prosecuted on notice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 7 GCA \'a7 34102(a)-(b) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Further, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3034158\charrsid12323648 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ection 34101 establishes a penalty that may be imposed on a person found guilty of indirect contempt of court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It provides in pertinent part:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Any person found guilty of [indirect contempt of court] is subject to the same penalties as a person found guilty of a petty misdemeanor.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 A petty misdemeanor is punishable by a definite term of imprisonment not to exceed 60 days, and a fine or restitution not to exceed $500. 9 GCA \'a7\'a780.34(b) and 80.50(c) (2005).}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 7 GCA \'a7 34101 (2005).}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 Section 40109 of the Protection from Abuse Act also allows the court to hold a defendant in contempt \'93upon violation of a protection order.\'94 7 GCA \'a7 40109 (200}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 5}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 ).}{\fs20\insrsid10689147 T}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 his statute was a more specific source of applicable authority than the general contempt statute discussed herein. However, no specific source of authority was cited for the contempt orde rs in this case. Nonetheless, Section 40109 also does not purport to establish a uniquely civil sanction, so the same analysis would apply as the one we apply involving section 34101 }{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 et seq.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \tab The fact that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid547673\charrsid12323648 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ection 34101 is located in Title 7, which pertains to civil procedure }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the judiciary, does not suggest that the legislature intended only to authorize civil contempt sanctions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 34101 derives from California statute, section 1209 of the California Code of Civil Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 7 GCA \'a7 34101.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, we find California case law interpreting section 1209 persuasive, absent compelling reason to deviate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See People v. Hall, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 2004 Guam 12 \'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3357583\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 California courts have found that the placement of section 1209 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 within its civil procedure code did not indicate that sanctions imposed pursuant to this provision were always civil contempt sanctions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re Farr}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 134 Cal. Rptr. 595 (Ct. App. 1976); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re Ricardo A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 38 Cal. Rptr. 2d 586 (Ct. App. 1995).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In 1974, the Ninth Circuit found that, notwithstanding the placement of the provision in the civil code, a sanction imposed under section 1209 was criminal in nature when the purpose of the contempt sanction was punitive rather than compensator y or coercive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Bell v. Hongisto}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 501 F.2d 346, 353 (9th Cir. 1974); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 see also In re Ricardo A., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 38 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 592 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [T]he law is clear that a civil contempt proceeding is criminal in nature because of the penalties that may be imposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 California has determined that section 1209 contempt proceedings may give rise to criminal contempt sanctions, despite the fact that a separate statutory provision, California Penal Code section 166, specifically establishes the misdemeanor crime of contempt of court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Cal. Penal Code \'a7 166 (West 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Similarly, in Guam statutory law, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4140983\charrsid12323648 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ection 30.40 establishes the misdemeanor crime of knowingly violating a court order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 9 GCA \'a7 30.40 (2005).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 30.40 of the Guam Criminal Code additionally provides that certain knowing violations of court orders are offen ses against the law and subject to punishment as misdemeanors:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Any knowing violation of [a protective order] shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 9 GCA \'a7 30.40.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 30.40 therefore authorizes the attorney general to criminally prosecute an individual who has knowingly violated a court order.}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 This is distinct from criminal contempt proceedings, which have be en regarded since the foundation of our government as }{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 sui generis,}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 inherent to the court\rquote s authority. }{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 See Myers}{ \fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid5781710 , 264 U.S. at 103. Over time, the distinction between criminal contempt proceedings and prosecutions for the statutorily-created crime of conte mpt of court has blurred, as the guarantees afforded by the Bill of Rights have been interpreted to extend procedural protections once limited to criminal prosecutions to criminal contempt proceedings.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [38]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \tab If contempt proceedings initiated pursuant to sections 1209 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of the California Code of Civil Procedure can be characterized as criminal contempt despite the existence of a separate statute establishing the crime of contempt, then Guam\rquote s contempt statute in the Civil Procedure Code may likewise encompass criminal contempt, despite the existence of section 30.40. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [39]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government further argues that the lawmakers who enacted section 34101 must only have contemplated a civil sanction because lawmakers act rationally when enacting legislation, and enactment of two competing criminal contempt statutes would be irrational.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Section 34101(b) provides that \'93[a]ny person found guilty of a [contempt that occurs outside the judge\rquote s presence] is subject to the same penalties as a person found guilty of a petty misdemeanor.\'94 7 GCA \'a7 34101(b). The Government argues that the Legislature, by not using direct language to provide that any person found guilty of contempt of court }{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 \'93shall be guilty of\'94 }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 a petty misdemeanor, must have intended the penalty to be civil in nature. We find instead that this provision was drafted in such a way as to permit both civil and criminal penalties.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 12.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We do not see how a statute acknowledging the judiciary\rquote s authority to sanction contempt competes irrationally with a statute authorizing the state to prosecute as a crime the knowing violation of a protective order (and one which further affords heightened sanctions for violations that are enforced via a criminal prosecution).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The statutes recognize the distinct interests of the judiciary and the executive branch in ensuring that court orders are obeyed and victims are protected. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4140983\charrsid12323648 \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Under }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the Criminal Contempt Sanctions Bar Subsequent Criminal Punishment of the Same Offense}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [40]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Having found that both contempt sanctions for Torres\rquote s violation of a protective order were criminal contempt sanctions that placed Torres in jeopardy, we must still determine whether that initial criminal punishment bars a subsequent criminal punishment under section 30.40(a)(1) for the same acts.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Determining whether a court can punish a defendant under two distinct statutory provisions for offenses arising out of a single act or transaction is a two-step analysis. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [41]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 First, the court must determine whether the legislature has expressly authorized multiple punishments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. Palisoc, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 2002 Guam 9 \'b6 36;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Whalen v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 445 U.S. 684, 688 (1980).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 When multiple punishments are involved, the Double Jeopardy Clause is a restraint on the prosecution and the courts, not on the Legislature, which may choose to authorize multiple punishments if it wishes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See Missouri v. Hunter, }{\cs34\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 459 U.S. 359 (1983) (where legislature }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 specifically authorized cumulative punishment under two statutes, it is unnecessary to inquire whether those two statutes proscribed}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678318\charrsid12323648 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 same conduct under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Absent express authorization by the legislature, however,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678318\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 a presumption arises that the same offense cannot be punished under two separate statutory provisions}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Whalen,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 445 U.S.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 691-92 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The assumption underlying the rule is that Congress }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ordinarily }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 does not intend to punish the same offense under two different statutes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ) (emphasis in original).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Once this presumption is invoked, the court must then take the second step in its analysis, employing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 to determine whether the two statutes in effect punish the same offense.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. San Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 2001 Guam 4 \'b6 11.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [42]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Here, the legislature has not expressly authorized multiple punishments, and there is also no clear indication of legislative intent to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This invokes the presumption that if the two statutes proscribe the same conduct, punishment under the two separate statutory provisions is barred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We go directly to the second step to determine whether the two statutes punish the same offense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [43]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Under the second step, double jeopardy protections will attach if the separate statutes under which the defendant is punished fail the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 same-elements test.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 This test asks whether }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 284 U.S. 299, 304 (1932).} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Unless each provision requires proof of an additional fact not required by the other, the two crimes are deemed the same offense and double jeopardy bars additional punishment and successive prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 } {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. Manila}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 2005 Guam 6 \'b6 20 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 509 U.S. 688, 696 (1993)).}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 }{\insrsid10689147 At }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 oral argument, the Government conceded that if this court were to find that the contempt was a criminal punishment, the subsequent criminal charges under section 30.40 of the Crimes and Corrections Code would fail the }{\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Blockburger}{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 test. Still, for the sake of completeness, we proceed with the }{\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Blockburger }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 analysis.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Applying this test, courts have deemed offenses identical for purposes of the Double Jeopardy Clause where the evidence required to support conviction on one prosecution is sufficient to support conviction on a second prosecution.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See United States v. Puckett, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 692 F.2d 663 (10th Cir. 1982).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See also Rutledge v. United States, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 517 U.S. 292, 297 (1996) (acknowledging that the court has often concluded that two statutes define the \lquote same offense\rquote where one is a lesser included offense of the other). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [44]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 To illustrate, consider the hypothetical of two distinct statutory crimes: (1) knowingly entering a dwelling with a firearm and (2) knowingly entering a dwelling with intent to sell narcotics.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Because the first provision contains the element of possession of a firearm, and the second provision contains the element of intent to sell narcotics, the two provisions each contain an element not contained in the other.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Prosecution of each crime would be permitted under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 If a third provision established the crime of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 knowingly entering a dwelling and assaulting another while in possession of a firearm,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 this third provision encompasses all the elements of the first provision, plus the additional element of assault.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Absent express authorization by the legislature, successive prosecutions or punishments for the third crime and the first would be prohibited under }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 because the first crime is a lesser included offense of the third}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 successive prosecutions or punishments for the third crime and the second would be permitted because each crime requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [45]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test was reaffirmed by }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 as the primary test in deciding whether two separate offenses constitute the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 same offense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 under the Double Jeopardy Clause.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 509 U.S. 688 (1993).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 is par ticularly important to our analysis because it specifically considered the issue }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14229454\charrsid12323648 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 whether the Double Jeopardy Clause \rquote s protection attaches in an indirect criminal contempt prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 696.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [46]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dixon }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 involved two companion cases, that of Alvin J. Dixon and that of Michael Foster.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The facts of the case of Michael Foster are more analogous to the facts before us than the facts in Alvin Dixon\rquote s case, so we will consider Foster\rquote s case below.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Ana Foster obtained a civil protection order (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 CPO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ) again st her estranged husband, Michael Foster, in response to several alleged incidents of abuse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 692.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The CPO required Foster not to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 assault . . . or in any manner threaten . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 his wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 After several alleged violations of the CPO by her husband, including an incident where he kicked Ana and threw her down some stairs, Ana Foster filed motions to have Foster held in contempt. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Foster was found guilty of criminal contempt and sentenced to imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [47]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Foster was later criminally charged with simple assault, assault with intent to kill, and three counts of threatening to injure another.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 693}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 }{\insrsid10689147 I}{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 n }{\insrsid10689147 the case at bench, }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Torres was charged with the misdemeanor crime of violating a court order }{ \i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 before}{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PersonName}}Judge Unpingco{\*\xmlclose} issued the contempt sanction. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The first two charges arose out of the same events for which Foster had been held in contempt, and Foster filed a motion to dismiss the criminal charges on grounds of double jeopardy, which the trial court denied.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 On appeal, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the Double Jeopardy Clause barred the government\rquote s prosecution of Foster.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 694. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [48]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The United States Supreme Court granted review and issued a plurality opinion in which a majority of the justices agreed that }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 was the test to apply when reviewing Foster\rquote s double jeopardy claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Justice Scalia, joined by four others, issued the judgment that one count of Foster\rquote s criminal indictment, the prosecution for assault, should be dismissed on double jeopardy grounds.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 712 (opinion of Scalia, J., joined by Kennedy, J.); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 740 (White, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part, joined by Stevens, J.); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 763 (Souter, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part, joined by Stevens, J.).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 However, no majority of justices agreed on how the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test should be applied to Foster\rquote s case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 696-97.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [49]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In Part III of his opinion (joined only by Justice Kennedy), Justice Scalia wrote that he would apply }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 by comparing the terms of the CPO underlying the contempt charge with the elements of the substantive criminal statute underlying the subsequent criminal prosecution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 697-703.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Because the CPO ordered the defendant not to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 assault . . . or in any manner threaten . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660707\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 his wife, the CPO encompassed all the elements of the substantive crime of assault.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 }{\insrsid10689147 Justice }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Scalia based this finding on the trial court\rquote s finding that the word \'93assault\'94 in the CPO had the same definition as the substantive crime of assault. }{\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 at 701.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Justice Scalia would have found that the underlying substantive criminal offense of assault is a species of}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660707\charrsid12323648 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 lesser-included offense of the contempt order prohibiting the assault, and therefore subsequent prosecution of the criminal offense is barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 689.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [50]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 On the other hand, Justice Scalia found that the charge for assault with intent to kill would have survived the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test\rquote s requirement that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 each provision requires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14229454\charrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14229454\charrsid12323648 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14229454\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Assault with intent to kill required proof of an additional element}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 --}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \emdash a specific intent to kill\emdash that the contempt for assault in violation of the CPO did not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 701.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The contempt offenses required proof of an additional element\emdash knowledge of the CPO\emdash that was not required to be proven in the criminal charge of assault with intent to kill.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 701-02.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, under Scalia\rquote s analysis, the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 assault with intent to kill}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 charge passed the }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 same-elements test.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [51]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Chief Justice Rehnquist, in an opinion joined by Justices O\rquote Connor and Thomas, rejected the reasoning of part III of Scalia\rquote s opinion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Rehnquist stated that because the generic crime of contempt of court has different elements than the substantive criminal charges, he would have found the assault charge and violation of the protection order to be separate offenses under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Per}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Rehnquist, contempt of court is comprised of two elements: (1) a court order made known to the defendant, and (2) a willful violation of that order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 716 (Rehnquist, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 A substantive criminal offense, such as assault, did not necessarily satisfy either of the two elements of contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Thus he reasoned that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [b]ecause the generic crime of contempt of court has different elements than the substantive criminal charges in this case, I believe that they are separate offenses under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 714.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [52]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 At heart, Rehnquist\rquote s application of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 focuses on the statutory elements of the offenses charged, while Scalia\rquote s application focuses on the facts that must be proven under the particular indictment at issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 at 716-17.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid10689147 }{\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \insrsid10689147 }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Chief Justice Rehnquist relates the following analogy, raised by the Government at oral argument, to illustrate the \'93absurd\'94 results that such an analysis could in theory produce: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Suppose that the offense in question is failure to comply with a lawful order of a police officer, see, }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 e.g.,}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Ind. Code \'a7 9-21-8-1 (Supp. 1992), and that the police officer}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147 \rquote }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 s order was, \'93Don\rquote t shoot that man.\'94 Under Justice SCALIA\rquote s flawed reading of }{ \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Harris, }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 the elements of the offense of failure to obey a police officer}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147 \rquote }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 s lawful order would include, for purposes of }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 Blockburger}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 \rquote s same-elements test, the elements of, perhaps, murder or manslaughter, in effect converting those felonies into a lesser included offense of the crime of failure to comply with a lawful order of a police officer. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Dixon{\*\xmlclose}, }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 509 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 719}{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 (Rehnquist, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Unlike Foster\rquote s case in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dixon, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 in the present case}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the substantive crime being charged is itself the crime of knowing violation of a protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, although we do not follow Scalia\rquote s approach, which would focus on the facts that must be proven for each offense in the particular indictment at issue, in the instant case, following Scalia\rquote s approach would yield the same outcome.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [53]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Applying the }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test following Rehnquist\rquote s analysis, we focus on the statutory elements of the offenses charged. The elements of the two provisions are very similar but not identical.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Section 30.40 establishes that a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 knowing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 violation of a court order is a misdemeanor crime.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 \chftn }{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 Title 9 of the Guam Code Annotated \'a7 30.40 (2005) states, in pertinent part: \par }\pard \s21\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15755807 {\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 (a) Any knowing violation of any of the following court orders shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment of not more than one (1) year, or by both such fine and imprisonment: \par }\pard \s21\qj \li1440\ri1440\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 1. An order enjoining a person from threatening to commit or committing acts of family violence against, or from harassing, annoying, or molesting, a family or household member, or any person named in the order; . . . . \par }\pard \s21\qj \li1440\ri1440\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15755807 {\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 3. An order requiring a person to stay away from the residence, dwelling, school, day care center, place of employment, or any specified place or from a specified person, within five hundred feet (500\rquote ) of the specified pla}{\insrsid10689147 ce or specified person; . . . . \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri1440\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1440\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 {\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Id}{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 .}{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It thus comprises two elements: (1) }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 mens rea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of knowledge and (2) }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 actus reus }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of violation of a court order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The criminal contempt authority delimited by section 34101 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 et seq., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 on the other hand, states only that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 violation of a court order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 is contempt, punishable as a petty misdemeanor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [54]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We hold that willfulness is an essential element of a criminal contempt under section 34101.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Willfulness is traditionally considered an }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 essential element of the offense}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of criminal contempt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re D.I. Operating Co., }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 240 F. Supp. 672}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 (D. Nev. 1965).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See also United States v. KS & W Offshore Eng\rquote g, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ,}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 932 F.2d 906 (11th Cir. 1991);}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 17 Am. Jur. 2d }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Contempt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \'a7 5 (West 2008).}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15755807 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary provides another example, defining and discussing \'93contempt of court\'94 as an act to embarrass, hinder, or obstruct the court:}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Committed by a person who does any act in }{ \i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 willful }{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 contravention of its authority or dignity, or tending to impede or frustrate the administration of justice, or by one who, being under the court's authority as a party to a proceeding therein, }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 willfully}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 disobeys its lawful orders or fails to comply with an undertaking which he has given.}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \par }\pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\ul\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary}{ \cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 333 (6th ed. 1990) (emphasis added).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Even where a contempt statute does not expressly require a finding of willfulness, courts have imposed this requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Thus, in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dixon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4866441\charrsid12323648 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Chief Justice Rehnquist found that the D.C. Code provision authorizing punishment of criminal contempt included a requirement of willfulness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Dixon,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 509 U.S. at 716 (Rehnquist, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 As in the instant case, the provision authorizing the contempt in }{\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Dixon}{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 , D.C. Code \'a7 16-1005(f) (2008), is silent as to the elements required to show contempt. }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid4866441 D.C.}{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Code \'a7 16-1005(f) states:\~ \par }\pard \s21\qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Violation of any temporary or final ord er issued under this subchapter, or violation in the District of Columbia of any valid foreign protection order, as that term is defined in subchapter IV of this chapter, and respondent\rquote s failure to appear as required by \'a7 16-1004(b), shall be punishable as contempt. Upon conviction, criminal contempt shall be punished by a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment for not more than 180 days, or both. \par }\pard \s21\qj \li0\ri720\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\i\insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Id}{ \insrsid10689147\charrsid10094334 .}{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Federal courts have also interpolated this requirement of willfulness when construing 18 U.S.C. \'a7 401 (1982), which grants them discretionary power to punish contempt of their authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re McDonald,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 819 F.2d 1020, 1024 (11th Cir. 1987).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [55]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We do not have before us a transcript of the domestic proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 However, the contempt order itself states, in relevant part, that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 [t]he court finds that Defendant Torres\rquote s behavior was }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 contumacious}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 and as being in direct violation of the previous court order and the court therefore finds Defendant Torres in contempt of court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 9-10 (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The trial court\rquote s finding that Torres\rquote s behavior was contumacious is equivalent to a finding that he }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 willfully}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 disregarded the protective order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See }{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Black\rquote s Law Dictionary}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 315 (8th ed. 2004) (definition of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 contumacious conduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Willfulness in this context }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 means a deliberate or intended violation, as distinguished from an accidental, inadvertent, or negligent violation of an order.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 United States v. Baldwin,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 770 F.2d 1550, 1558 (11th Cir. 1985).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 {\*\bkmkstart sp_661_289}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_289}{\*\bkmkend sp_661_289}{\*\bkmkend SDU_289} }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [56]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Having established that the statutory elements of a criminal contempt sanction issued pursuant to section 34101 are (1) an }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 actus reus }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of violation of a lawful order and (2) a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 mens rea }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 of willfulness, we now apply }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 to compare the elements of the criminal contempt sanction with the elements of the substantive criminal charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We find that the two provisions fail the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 test requirement that }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 both}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 offenses contain an element not contained in the other.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Proof of the generic criminal contempt would require proof of all the elements necessary to prove the substantive crime of contempt, because proof of a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 willful}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 violation necessarily encompasses proof of the element of a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 knowing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 violation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It follows that the o ffense punished under section 30.40 is, if not the same offense, a lesser included offense of that punished by the criminal contempt order. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [57]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, applying }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , we find that Torres may not be punished under both the general contempt stat ute and the substantive crime statute for the same offenses, which are his violations of the protective order on December 1, 2005 and March 29, 2006. The subsequent criminal prosecution of Torres under section 30.40 is barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause , and we reverse the trial court\rquote s denial of Torres\rquote s motion to dismiss each criminal case.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Because of this court\rquote s reliance on interpretations of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose} statutes, we find it useful here to note why there is a lack of similar cases dealing with t he parallel contempt and protective order statutes in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} . The reason is the existence of a California statute, section 654 of the Penal Code, which bars multiple punishment of a single act or omission, even when that act or omission \'93is punishable in different ways by different provisions of law.\'94 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Cal.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Penal Code \'a7 654 (2008). Section 654, in effect, results in the same preclusion of a second punishment as the }{ \i\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Blockburger }{\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 test, although this statute arguably grants even stronger double jeop}{\insrsid10689147 ardy protections to defendants.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16082876 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 C.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Sufficiency of the Record}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 [58]}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755807\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 As an alternative to the argument that Torres has not shown doub le jeopardy, the Government argues that Torres has not provided a sufficient record of the contempt proceedings in the domestic case for this court to determine whether the proceedings were criminal or civil.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Government insists that the inclusion of the transcripts from the contempt proceedings is crucial to determining whether the court specified the contempt as civil or criminal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [59[}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 However, we find that this transcript information is not crucial in this case, where we have evidence of the sanction actually imposed on the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 It is this sanction, not the judge\rquote s characterization of the indirect contempt proceeding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 is most relevant to our determination of the civil or criminal nature of the proceeding.}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{ \fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid3357583 The validit y of the non-summary contempt proceeding has not been contested by either of the parties and therefore is not at issue here. If Torres had appealed the contempt sanctions by claiming, for instance, violation of procedural due process, the insufficiency o f the record may have barred our consideration of the claim, depriving us of the ability to determine whether relevant procedural safeguards were adhered to. However, this has no bearing on the double jeopardy issue. }}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See Feiock, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 485 U.S. at 636;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Mahoney v. Commonwealth}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , 612 N.E.2d 1175 (Mass. 1993) (although}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2033505\charrsid12323648 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 trial court specifically declined to characterize}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2033505\charrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2959946\charrsid12323648 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 contempt action as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2959946\charrsid12323648 a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 civil proceeding, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2959946\charrsid12323648 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 sentence and cash amount that had to be posted were designed to compel compliance with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2959946\charrsid12323648 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 orders and thus were civil contempt sanctions).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \s18\qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8587897 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 D.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Notice to the Prosecution}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [60]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Our finding of a double jeopardy violation in Criminal Case II will result in the dismissal of Torres\rquote s criminal prosecution with prejudice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 raise}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 an import ant issue when they argue that they were not given notice or an opportunity to be heard in the domestic proceeding that resulted in the criminal contempt sanction which now bars their prosecution, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 impinging upon the People\rquote s prosecutorial rights.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Appellee\rquote s Br. at 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 government}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 therefore ask}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 us to exercise our supervisory powers over the lower courts, described in the Organic Act, 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1424-1(a)(4) (2008), to order the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 S}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 uperior }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 ourt to provide the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 with notice and an opportunity to be heard in criminal contempt proceedings to which the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16727523\charrsid12323648 is}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 not a party but which could adversely affect the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10094334\charrsid12323648 government}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \rquote s prosecution authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 {\*\bkmkstart IN\'3b1}{\*\bkmkend IN\'3b1} [61]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 People v. Angoco}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , we expressed a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 strong commit ment to prudential rules shaping the exercise of our jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2959946\charrsid12323648 which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 should result in a sparing use of this extraordinary supervisory power.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 2006 Guam 18 \'b6 29.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 More importantly, we found that the language providing the court with supervisory authority was intended to allow us to address }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 extreme cases, such as when the Superior Court is acting in excess of its powers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We do not find the trial court\rquote s issuance of the criminal contempt sanction in this case to be an example of the Superior Court acting in excess of its powers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [62]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We decline to exercise our supervisory powers over the Superior Court beyond underscoring that fines providing restitution to civil parties and coercive imprisonment which can be avoided by a contemnor upon compliance wit h a court order will rarely be construed as criminal contempt sanctions, and therefore a trial court in a domestic proceeding may impose such sanctions without risking prejudice of any ongoing or future criminal prosecution based on the same offense.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We acknowledge the possibility that a requirement of notice to the prosecution could be a salutary policy.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The Colorado legislature, for example, has adopted a statutory provision requiring that notice of a criminal contempt proceeding be provided to the district attorney.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 See }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Colo.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 }{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Rev. Stat. Ann. \'a7 18-1-1002 (West 2008).}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\fs20\super\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 }{ \fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid2371413 Colo.}{\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid2371413 }{\cs30\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid2371413 Rev. Stat. Ann}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid2371413 .}{\cs30\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \'a7 18-1-1002} {\cs30\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147 }{\cs30\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid16727523 (West 2008)}{\cs30\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 provides: \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\cs30\fs20\cf1\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 Before a criminal contempt proceeding is heard before the court, notice of the proceedings shall be provided to the district attorney for the district of the court where the proceedings are to be heard and the district attorney for the district of the court where the alleged act of criminal contempt occurred. The district attorney for either district shall be allowed to appear and argue for the imposition of contempt sanctions.}{\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid1966142 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3357583 {\cs30\i\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid16727523 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Id}{\cs30\fs20\insrsid10689147\charrsid16727523 . }{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}}}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Such a statute may be enacted to protect the state}{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid872492\charrsid12323648 \rquote }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 s interest, rather than the interest of the contemnor.}{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In re Marriage of Helmich,}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 937 P.2d 897 (Colo. Ct. App. 1997).}{\cs30\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Our task in the context of this litigation, however, is to determine whether a double jeopardy violation has occurred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [63]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 T}{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 he protections afforded by the Double Jeopardy Clause of the United States Constitution and the equivalent clause of Guam\rquote s Organic Act serve to protect the rights of criminal defendants.}{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The desirability of a requirement to provide notice to the prosecution, vindicating the interests of the state in criminal prosecution, is an issue better suited for the legislature and one that can have no bearing on our determination. }{ \cs30\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 V. }{\b\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Conclusion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12323648 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [64]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We reverse the denial of Torres\rquote s motion to dismiss in both criminal cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Reviewing the factual circumstances of the two contempt proceedings, we find Torres could not avoid the contempt sanctions by any subsequent change in his behavior.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 The proceedings in both cases were initiated after Torres had already been criminally charged for his violation, jailed, and then released.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We conclude in this case that the purpose of the sanctions was to vindicate the court\rquote s authority, a purpose that is punitive and therefore criminal in nature.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid12323648 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 [65]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2371413\charrsid12323648 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Under }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Blockburger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 , the two criminal contempt sanctions punished the same }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 offenses}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 as that for which defendant had already been criminally charged pursuant to section 30.40 of the Crimes and Corrections Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 Therefore, a second criminal prosecution of the same offense is barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 In denying Torres\rquote s motion to dismiss the charges in the criminal cases underlying this appeal, the trial court violated Torres\rquote s right to be free from double jeopardy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 We }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15288740\charrsid12323648 REVERSE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 the trial court\rquote s denial of the Defendant\rquote s motions to dismiss the criminal cases and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15288740\charrsid12323648 REMAND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 for}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 dismissal by the trial court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12323648 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3497252\charrsid12323648 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid12323648 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO \par Chief Justice \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 ROBERT J. TORRES}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 Associate Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1407841 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 RICHARD H. BENSON}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 Justice, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1407841\charrsid1407841 Pro Tempore}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323207\charrsid1407841 \par }}