{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f36\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}{\f40\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Verdana;}
{\f180\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f181\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f183\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f184\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f185\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f186\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f187\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f188\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f190\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f191\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}
{\f193\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f194\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f195\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f196\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f197\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}
{\f198\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}{\f540\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}{\f541\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f543\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f544\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}
{\f545\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f546\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}{\f547\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f548\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f549\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}
{\f580\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}{\f581\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f583\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f584\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f587\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}
{\f588\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;
\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red255\green255\blue255;}{\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 \snext0 \styrsid293208 Normal;}{
\s2\ql \li135\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin135\lin135\itap0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \styrsid293208 heading 2;}{
\s3\ql \fi720\li0\ri135\sb30\sa30\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin135\lin0\itap0 \fs24\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext0 \styrsid293208 heading 3;}{\*\cs10 
\additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 \additive \super \sbasedon10 \styrsid293208 Footnote Characters;}{\*
\cs16 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid293208 documentbody;}{\*\cs17 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid293208 searchterm;}{\*\cs18 \additive \b \sbasedon10 \styrsid293208 Strong;}{
\s19\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 \sbasedon0 \snext19 \ssemihidden \styrsid293208 footnote text;}{\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 \sbasedon0 \snext20 \styrsid293208 header;}{\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 \sbasedon0 \snext21 \styrsid293208 footer;}{\*\cs22 \additive \sbasedon10 \styrsid293208 page number;}
{\*\cs23 \additive \super \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \styrsid6713537 footnote reference;}{\s24\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f36\fs16\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 
\sbasedon0 \snext24 \ssemihidden \styrsid14231620 Balloon Text;}{\*\cs25 \additive \f40\fs19 \sbasedon10 \styrsid1794873 documentbody1;}{\*\cs26 \additive \f40\fs14 \sbasedon10 \styrsid14961223 informationalsmall3;}{\*\cs27 \additive \f1\fs20\cf9 
\sbasedon10 \ssemihidden \spersonal \styrsid10634530 EmailStyle271;}}{\*\revtbl {Unknown;}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid23981\rsid143683\rsid216742\rsid282965\rsid293208\rsid411309\rsid543542\rsid658716\rsid730040\rsid797702\rsid881177\rsid933891\rsid1072513\rsid1208971\rsid1514720
\rsid1575401\rsid1794873\rsid1857061\rsid1977278\rsid1988197\rsid2036783\rsid2041978\rsid2228306\rsid2298602\rsid2309272\rsid2456620\rsid2687876\rsid2834908\rsid2840551\rsid2955743\rsid3100076\rsid3100387\rsid3166862\rsid3220048\rsid3280741\rsid3439043
\rsid3502005\rsid3539634\rsid3625671\rsid3691649\rsid3691907\rsid3754206\rsid3765537\rsid3766160\rsid4012547\rsid4012703\rsid4132895\rsid4350066\rsid4406346\rsid4482702\rsid4540094\rsid4552931\rsid4723227\rsid4748052\rsid4853826\rsid4984870\rsid5074251
\rsid5141377\rsid5191533\rsid5199457\rsid5206459\rsid5207833\rsid5327779\rsid5393881\rsid5442102\rsid5447743\rsid5459244\rsid5512236\rsid5701742\rsid5865319\rsid6164392\rsid6365350\rsid6378986\rsid6443270\rsid6499102\rsid6512300\rsid6700875\rsid6713537
\rsid6713897\rsid6715294\rsid6774495\rsid6780807\rsid7082820\rsid7210278\rsid7221477\rsid7300551\rsid7423730\rsid7437813\rsid7480178\rsid7489884\rsid7693049\rsid7761236\rsid7798922\rsid7810730\rsid7871924\rsid7875012\rsid8000225\rsid8145462\rsid8146796
\rsid8285958\rsid8351910\rsid8534243\rsid8546433\rsid8657810\rsid8716386\rsid8851657\rsid9059410\rsid9306704\rsid9444999\rsid9582349\rsid9726250\rsid9765887\rsid9904055\rsid9962436\rsid10039170\rsid10309834\rsid10386213\rsid10441914\rsid10442352
\rsid10506115\rsid10634530\rsid10637667\rsid10645475\rsid10833268\rsid11083403\rsid11097406\rsid11213296\rsid11301266\rsid11338723\rsid11406141\rsid11425515\rsid11426917\rsid11563836\rsid11565064\rsid11750863\rsid11886845\rsid12010191\rsid12065598
\rsid12344288\rsid12399801\rsid12467176\rsid12521229\rsid12548457\rsid12847183\rsid13050227\rsid13120838\rsid13126175\rsid13270265\rsid13438651\rsid13568488\rsid13575297\rsid13584688\rsid13655186\rsid13768230\rsid13793228\rsid13841866\rsid13989856
\rsid14028021\rsid14038433\rsid14043898\rsid14109093\rsid14171569\rsid14174481\rsid14176018\rsid14231620\rsid14246244\rsid14353243\rsid14438180\rsid14447161\rsid14503659\rsid14618221\rsid14690319\rsid14711311\rsid14822332\rsid14961223\rsid15027846
\rsid15085465\rsid15154371\rsid15362643\rsid15401665\rsid15418981\rsid15421351\rsid15494334\rsid15663197\rsid15676887\rsid15683621\rsid15743184\rsid15868872\rsid15869306\rsid15943514\rsid16000008\rsid16066816\rsid16349549\rsid16402024\rsid16480624
\rsid16584854\rsid16716524}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 10.0.6829;}{\info{\title People v. Mallo, CRA07-008}{\subject criminal}{\author Supreme Court of Guam}{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2009\mo1\dy9\hr10\min42}{\revtim\yr2009\mo1\dy9\hr10\min50}
{\printim\yr2008\mo12\dy18\hr15\min54}{\version6}{\edmins9}{\nofpages18}{\nofwords7358}{\nofchars41947}{\*\company Judiciary of Guam}{\nofcharsws49207}{\vern16393}{\*\password 00000000}}{\*\xmlnstbl {\xmlns1 urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags}}
\paperw12240\paperh15840\margl1440\margr1440\margt1440\margb1008\gutter0 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\grfdocevents0\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440\dgvorigin1440\dghshow1
\dgvshow1\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct\asianbrkrule\rsidroot293208 \fet0
{\*\wgrffmtfilter 013f}{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\insrsid4482702 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\insrsid4482702 \chftnsepc 
\par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\insrsid4482702 \chftnsep 
\par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\insrsid4482702 \chftnsepc 
\par }}\sectd \psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3166862\sftnbj {\headerl \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 
\tx-1440\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tx15840\tx16560\tx17280\tx18000\tx18720
\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 People v. Mallo}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , Draft Opinion\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Page }
{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid8351910  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs22\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7810730 26}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid8351910  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {
\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid8351910  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs22\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7810730 27}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx-1440\tx-720\tx0\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tx15840\tx16560\tx17280\tx18000\tx18720
\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid8351910 
\par }}{\headerr \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx-1440\tx-720\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503659 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 
People v. Mallo}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , Opinion\tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid293208  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs22\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4540094 18}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid293208  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid293208  NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs22\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid7810730 27}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tx-1440\tx-720\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503659 {\cs22\fs20\insrsid7810730 \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx-1440\tx-720\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14503659 {\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid293208 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 THE PEOPLE OF GUAM,
\par }{\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 Plaintiff-Appellee,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 v.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 MAMERTO G. MALLO,
\par }{\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 Defendant-Appellant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11083403\charrsid7221477 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA07-008
\par }\pard \qc \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11083403\charrsid7221477 Superior Court Case No.: CF0595-99
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid11083403\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 OPINION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11083403 {\b\insrsid3280741\charrsid11083403 Filed:}{\b\insrsid7221477\charrsid11083403  }{\b\insrsid3280741\charrsid11083403 December 19, 2008}{
\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par Cite as: 2008 Guam }{\b\insrsid3280741\charrsid11083403 23}{\b\insrsid293208\charrsid11083403 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Argued and submitted on July 16, 2008
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7221477 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee:
\par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Marianne Woloschuk, }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Office of the Attorney General
\par 287 W O\rquote Brien Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14503659\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7221477 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Hag\'e5t\'f1
a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14503659\charrsid7221477 U}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  96910
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2687876\charrsid7221477 \cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7221477 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {
\ul\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par Peter C. Perez, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Esq.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11083403 Lujan Aguigui Perez}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 300 DNA Bldg.
\par 238 Archbishop Flores St.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14503659\charrsid7221477 U}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trqc\trgaph120\trleft-120\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind0\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone 
\clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx4560\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11083403 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 BEFORE: ROBERT J. TORRES, Chief Justice; F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Associate Justice; KATHERINE A. MARAMAN, Associate Justice.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14503659\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 TORRES, C.J.:
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14503659\charrsid7221477 [1]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Defendant-Appellant Mamerto G. Mallo appeals from a conviction, based on a plea agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  of Murder (As a First
 Degree Felony) in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 16.40(a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 
The plea agreement required that Mallo pay restitution but left to the discretion of the sentencing judge whether Mallo would receive credit for time served.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 The sentencing judge denied Mallo credit for time served and ordered that restitution be paid to the decedent victim}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 s brother.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Mallo argues that the Superior Court improperly refused to grant him credit for time served and issued a restitution order in excess of the statutory limit, to be paid to someone other than the victim of his c}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 rime, and without a statutorily-}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 mandated hearing on the victim\rquote s loss and defendant\rquote s ability to pay. }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5865319\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5865319\charrsid7221477 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5865319\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 he sentencing judge had no discretion to deny Mallo's request for time served }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 because credit for time served
 is a statutory right, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 and the plea agreement was insufficient to serve as a knowing, intelligent, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 and }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 voluntary waiver of that right.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The language in the plea agreement concerning restitution, on the other hand, was clear and direct and Mallo thereby waived all of his arguments related to the restitution order.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Thus, we reverse in part and affirm in part.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 I.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [3]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo was indicted for the murder of his wife, Lourdes, in 1999.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The Indictment charged Mallo with Aggravated Murder (As a First Degree Felony) in violation of 9 GC}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 A \'a7 16.30(a)(1) (2005}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ) and a Special Allegation, possession and use of a deadly weapon in the commission of a felony, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7 80.37 (200}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Due to changes of counsel, motions to suppress, motions for psychiatric examination, discovery motions, and motions }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 in limine}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
, it was }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 over}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 six years later that Mallo and the Government entered into a plea agreement to the single charge of Murder (As a First Degree Felony) in violation of 9 GCA }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \'a7}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 16.40(a)(1) (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 ).}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The Plea Agreement provided, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 inter alia}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 4. The Attorney General and Defendant, in consideration for the Defendant\rquote 
s plea of guilty and cooperation, agree to the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 a. That as to the charge of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 MURDER (As a 1st Degree Felony}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
), punishable by life imprisonment, the Defendant and the Government specifically agree that the determination as to whether the Defendant should receive credit for time served is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
entirely within the discretion of the Sentencing Judge.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par c. That the Defendant shall be held liable for restitution pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7 80.50(e). Restitution shall include funeral expenses, all related funeral costs, and}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 
 medical expenses of the victim. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477  . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 In an amount to be determined by Court at a restitution hearing.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 7. Defendant stipulates and }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 agrees }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
that if given a fair opportunity to pay any fines and restitution ordered by the Court, he will be able to do so. Defendant further understands and agrees that he has an obligation to pay any fine and
 restitution ordered by the Court and that this obligation survives the expiration of probation or parole and that expiration of probation or parole does not prevent collection of fines and restitution, pursuant to 9 GCA \'a7 80.56.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9. Defendant under
stands that he has a right to appeal his conviction in the case pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10 and 130.15, and agrees to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 waive}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  that right for the purpose of this plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 \'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 , t}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 ab 2}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 at }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 3}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 (Plea Agreement}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 , Dec. 2}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7300551\charrsid7221477 3}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 , 2005}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ) (}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 emphasis in original}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 \tab 
The trial c}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ourt sentenced Mallo to life imprisonment without credit for any time served and ordered that a restitution hearing be scheduled.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The Restitution Report submitted by the Probation Office called for $13,899.70 in restitution for costs associated with the victim\rquote s funeral, to be paid to the victim\rquote 
s brother who had incurred them.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 Mallo thereafter submitted his}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 Objection to Restitution, which the People opposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo also submitted a Notice of Objection to Judgment, }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3539634\charrsid7221477 objecting to}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  not receiving credit for time served}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 Subsequently, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo filed a Motion to Reconsider De}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 nial of Credit for Time Served.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The Objection to Restitution and }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Motion to Reconsider Denial of Credit for Time Served were heard before the trial court on the same day.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 A few months later, the trial c}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ourt issued a decision and order denying both the Objecti}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 on and the Motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Mallo filed a Notice of Appeal and a Statement of Jurisdiction, prior to the entry of judgment, challenging the trial court's denial of his Objection and Motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 II.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab 
This court has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of a criminal case pursuant to 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(a) and 3108(a) (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ), 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 130.10 and 130.15 (200}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ), and 48 U.S.C. \'a7
 1424-1(a)(2) (West 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Rule 4 }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SDU_2}
of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
provides that this court shall treat a notice of appeal filed after the announcement of decision, sentence or order, but before entry of the judgment or order, as being filed after such entry and on the date thereof.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkend SDU_2} }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 G}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 uam R. App. P.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  4(a)(2) (2007).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15401665\charrsid7221477 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The Plainti}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 ff-Appellee People}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3220048\charrsid7221477  of Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477  assert}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , however, that this court lacks jurisdiction due to Mallo\rquote s express waiver in the plea agreement }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 
of his right to appeal the conv}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 i}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477 c}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 tion.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Although the existence of a valid waiver could prevent Mallo from obtaining the relief he seeks, even }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 a valid waiver of appellate rights in a plea agreement does not deprive an appellate court of jurisdiction to hear the appeal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 United States v. Gwinnett}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 a defendant entered into a plea agreement in which she waived her right to appeal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 483 F.3d 200, 201 (3d Cir. 2007).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 The Third Circuit concluded that, despite the plea, it}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 retains subject matter jurisdiction over the appeal by a defendant who has signed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 
 an appellate waiver:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
It could not be otherwise. After all, a sentence based on constitutionally impermissible criteria, such as race, or a sentence in excess of the statutory maximum sentence for the defendant\rquote s
 crime, can be challenged on appeal even if the defendant executed a blanket waiver of his appeal rights. It follows that we have subject matter jurisdiction over [such a defendant\rquote 
s] appeal notwithstanding her waiver of appeal. Nonetheless, we will not exercise that jurisdiction to review the merits of [a defendant\rquote 
s] appeal if we conclude that she knowingly and voluntarily waived her right to appeal unless the result would work a miscarriage of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
. at 203 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 cited approvingly by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 United States}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  v. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 Jacobo }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Castillo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 , 
}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 496 F.3d 947,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477  957 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 9th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Cir. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid14961223\charrsid7221477 2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [9]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
The power of this body to sit as an appellate court is granted by the Organic Act and by the Guam Legislature, not the private arrangements of the parties.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 We exercise our jurisdiction to hear the instant appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\langfenp1033\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 III. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3220048\charrsid7221477 
STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 
The issue of whether Mallo waived his right to appeal in the plea agreement is reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 United States v. Aguilar-Muniz}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 , 156 F.3d 974, 976 (9th Cir. 1998).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 On review, this court must determine whether the waiver was knowing and voluntary.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15743184\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
Issues of statutory interpretation are reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 People v. Gutierrez}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 , 2005 Guam 19 \'b6 13.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote s appeal of the trial court\rquote s decision to deny him credit for time served in accordance with 9 GCA \'a7 80.46 is a matter of statutory interpretation}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477  because }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 he contends that the trial court does not have the authority to deny him cre
dit for his prior detention even when the plea agreement leaves the issue entirely to the sentencing judge\rquote s discretion.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
Additionally, whether Mallo\rquote s waiver was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary is a }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 mixed question of law and fact to be}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  reviewed }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 de novo.}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 United States v. Robinson}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 , 913 F.2d 712, 714 (9th Cir.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 1990).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [12]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote 
s other arguments regarding the restitution order also involve an interpretation}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16480624\charrsid7221477  of a}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  statute: whether 9 GCA \'a7
 80.50(a) controls 9 GCA \'a7 80.50(e) and whether relatives of the victim may be appropriate awardees of restitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
Finally, we review for abuse of discretion the trial court\rquote s failure to make findings to}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3220048\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
support the higher restitution award and }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 failure to hold }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 a hearing to determine Mallo\rquote 
s ability to pay the restitution award.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Although there is }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 currently }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 no Guam authority directly dealing with the standard of review for restitution orders}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 \'93[w]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 e review evidentiary rulings for an }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b925}{\*\bkmkstart SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b925}abuse}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  of }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b927}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b927}{\*\bkmkend SearchTerm}discretion}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477  . . . .}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 People v. Fisher}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 2001 Guam 2 \'b6 7}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 (}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 quoting}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 J.J. Moving Serv}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12548457\charrsid7221477 s}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ., Inc. v. Sanko Bussan (GUAM) Co., Ltd.,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 1998 Guam 19 \'b6 31).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Of the three states cited as sources for Guam\rquote s restitu}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 tion statute, 9 GCA \'a7 80.50}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3220048\charrsid7221477 \emdash }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
California}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  Massachusetts}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 , }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 and New Jersey}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 \emdash }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7437813\charrsid7221477 all }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13655186\charrsid7221477 share the same opinion}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  that restitution awards are reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 See People v. Crisler}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 , 81 Cal.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5074251\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 Rptr.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5074251\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 3d 887, 890 (Ct. App. 2008); }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5141377\charrsid7221477 State v. Martinez}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5141377\charrsid7221477 , 307, 920 A.2d 715, 722 n.11 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2007); }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 Com. v. McIntyre}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12467176\charrsid7221477 , 767 N.E.2d 578, 584 (Mass.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5141377\charrsid7221477  2002).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 We agree with our fellow courts that restitution awards are reviewed for abuse of discretion.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 III.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 DISCUSSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 A. Waiver of Right to Appeal}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [13]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Insofar as Mallo is arguing that the trial court violated 
Guam statutes in denying credit for time served and ordering excessive restitution to an improper party, he is appealing what he believes to be an illegal sentence.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 An illegal sentence is void and the right to appeal it cannot be waived, so even if Mallo had knowingly and voluntarily waived all of his appellate rights}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  we would still be able to }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14231620\charrsid7221477 correct}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  an illegal sentence.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
An illegal sentence, as explained by the Eighth Circuit, is \'93[a] sentence}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477  . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 [that]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  is not authorized by the judgment of conviction or }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5701742\charrsid7221477 [that]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  is greater or less than the permissible statutory penalty for the crime.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 United States v. Greatwalker}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
, 285 F.3d 727, 729 (8th Cir. 2002).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Guam law allows an illegal sentence to be appealed at}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477  any time, regardless of waiver.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 See }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 8 GCA \'a7 120.46 (200}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 )}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477  (}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5074251\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 The court may correct an illega}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2036783\charrsid7221477 l sentence at any time . . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5074251\charrsid7221477 \'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 )}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [14]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab To the extent Mallo's arguments on appeal are based on what he alle
ges to be a misinterpretation of the statute, he is challenging the sentence as illegal, not as illegally imposed.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
If sections 80.46 and 80.50 forbid the trial court from issuing the sentence that it did, then that sentence is illegal and can be appealed by Mal}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5141377\charrsid7221477 lo regardless of any waiver of }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 his right of appeal that he may have signed.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [15]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14028021\charrsid7221477 However, waiver of one\rquote s right to appeal\emdash even from a legal sentence\emdash must meet certain requirements.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 In general, a plea agreement term waiving an important right \'93is constitutionally valid \lquote 
only if done voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently, with sufficient awareness of the relevant circumstances and likely consequences.\rquote }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6774495\charrsid7221477 \'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 People v. Van Bui}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 11}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 (quoting }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 Bradshaw v. Stumpf}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268\charrsid7221477 , 545 U.S. 175, 183 (2005)).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14438180\charrsid7221477 
Although an agreement to waive appeal of a sentence within the statutory limits is generally enforceable, \'93[s]uch waivers may be avoided if they are not knowing and voluntary, or if the Government breaches the plea agreement.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14438180\charrsid7221477 United States v. Garcia}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14438180\charrsid7221477 
, 166 F.3d 519, 521 (2d Cir. 1999) (per curiam).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10833268 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 In addition, f}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 ederal courts have warned that, because of the power disparity, plea agreements are to be strictly construed in favor of the defendant and against the Government.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 In }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 United States v. Hernandez,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 
 the Second Circuit stated that while waivers of appellate rights are generally valid, these waivers \'93are to be applied \lquote narrowly\rquote  and construed \lquote strictly against the Government.\rquote \'94
 242 F.3d 110, 113 (2001) (internal citation and quotations omitted) . . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 
We agree with the position taken by the Second Circuit. Plea agreements will be strictly construed and any ambiguities in these agreements will be read against the Government and in favor of a defendant's appellate rights.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 United States v. Andis}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 , 333 F.3d 886, 890 (8th Cir. 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8657810\charrsid7221477 
We adopt this rule as well, and hold that }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 any }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 ambiguities in}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477  Mallo\rquote s plea }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 agreement}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477  should }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 be }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8657810\charrsid7221477 construed}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 
 against the People and in favor of }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote s}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477  appellate rights.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [17]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13655186\charrsid7221477 T}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 o determine whether Mallo knowingly and voluntarily waived his appellate rights}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13655186\charrsid7221477 , we f
irst we look to the language of the plea agreement}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 
The plain language of the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 p}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 lea }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 a}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 greement states: \'93Defendant understands that he has a right to appeal his }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 conviction }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 in this case pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7130.10 and \'a7\'a7130.15, and agrees to waive that right}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 for purpose of this plea.\'94 (emphasis added.)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887\charrsid7221477 
ER, tab 2 at 6 (Plea Agreement) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9765887 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11565064\charrsid7221477 [18]\tab }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 According to the People, }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 p}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 aragraph}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  9 constituted Mallo\rquote s waiver of all his appellate rights because it incorporated by reference all appeals pursuant to sections 130.10 and 130.15. }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Section 130.10 provides: "An appeal may be taken in any criminal action in which the offense charged is not a v}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 iolation."}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 8 GCA \'a7 130.10 (2005}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 Section 130.15 provides:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 An appeal may be taken by the defendant:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
(a) From a final judgment of conviction. The commitment of a defendant by reason of mental illness, disease or defect shall be deemed to be a final judgment of conviction within the meaning of this Section.
\par (b) From an order denying a motion for a new trial.
\par (c) From any order made after judgment, affecting the substantial rights of the defendant.
\par (d) Pursuant to }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \'a7 }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 40.80 [governing appeal of conditions}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 
 of release}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 ].
\par (e) From a judgment of conviction upon a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, where the defenda
nt has filed with the trial court a written statement, executed under oath of penalty of perjury showing reasonable constitutional, jurisdictional or other grounds going to the legality of any proceedings held in this case under \'a7
 65.15(c) [suppression motions] of this Code and the trial court has executed and filed a certificate of probable cause for such appeal with the District Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 8 GCA \'a7 130.15}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7300551\charrsid7221477  (2005)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab The }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 People argue}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  that the reference to sections 130.10 and 130.15 means Mallo has waived all of his rights on appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 But a close reading of }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 p}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 aragraph}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  9 contradicts the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 People\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
s contention: Mallo waived the right to appeal his }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 conviction}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 , not his sentence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 By agreeing to }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 aragraph}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  9, Mallo gave up the right to challenge his conviction pursuant to a plea of guilty, but not other rights. }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 There is no express mention of the right to appeal his }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 sentence}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  being waived, and therefore this language does not clearly and unequivocally convey to }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7300551\charrsid7221477 Mallo}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  that in agreeing to }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 p}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 aragraph}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  9, he is waiving this right.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [20]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 \tab 
One might argue that Mallo waived his right to appeal the denial of credit for time served because the plea agreement Mallo signed waived his right to appeal from a final judgment of conviction under section 130.15(a), and the final judgment of con
viction }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 contains}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 within it}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477  the denial of credit for time served and the restitution order.}{\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537   }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 Although the plea agreement neither contains the exact language nor references the exact sub-section, 8 GCA \'a7 130.15(a) seems the closest fit to the intent of the plea agreement.}}}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 
By this reasoning, an appeal of either the credit or restitution issues would be an appeal from the final judgment of conviction, and that appeal is waived.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 Although this is a potential interpretation of paragraph 9, a \'93clear\'94 waiver does not require the parties to interpret ambiguous language.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515\charrsid7221477 As a result, the fact that the language is ambiguous ultimately prevents Mallo from making a voluntary waiver based on it.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11425515 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [21]}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab The language of the plea agreement, without more, }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15868872\charrsid7221477 may}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  not always be dispositive.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
We look also to the plea colloquy to determine whether the ambiguity in }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 p}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1072513\charrsid7221477 aragraph}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  9 was clarified when the judge advised }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7300551\charrsid7221477 Mallo}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
 of the rights he was waiving by entering a guilty plea.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 At the }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 c}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 hange of }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 p}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 lea hearing, the court advised Mallo that in entering the plea, he was waiving the right \'93to appeal this case\'94:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-7\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 THE COURT:}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13575297\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 You understand if this case had gone to trial, the burden is always on the Government to prove you guilty
 beyond a reasonable doubt, and if you would have had a jury trial, in order for that jury to find you guilty of all the charges against you, they must all vote guilty; if you plead guilty then, accept your plea, you (indiscernible) you trial, waive right
 to appeal this case (sic), and waive all you other rights I just told to you. Do you understand that?}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 ER}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7480178\charrsid7221477 
, tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 3 at 12 (Transcripts of Proceedings on Appeal}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 , Dec. 21, 2005}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 )}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [22]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2036783\charrsid7221477 The colloquy only mentions Mallo
\rquote s \'93right to appeal this case.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2036783\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 This advisement, without more, is insufficient to clearly and unequivocally convey that }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 Mallo}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477  agreed to waive his right to appeal his sentence.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
This court has never reached the question of whether the right to appeal one\rquote s sentence may be waived through a plea agreement.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 Even assuming that the right to appeal a sentence is waivable}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 , Mallo }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477 has failed to make an express waiver of his right to appeal his sentence.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477 See United States v. Rodriguez}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477 360 F.3d 949, 959}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477 (9th Cir. 2004)}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2955743\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1514720\charrsid7221477 (}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10637667\charrsid7221477 \'93
An express waiver of a right to appeal a sentencing determination is valid if made knowingly and voluntarily.\'94)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3539634\charrsid7221477 O}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 ur review of Mallo\rquote s }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 p}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 lea }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 a}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 greement and }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 change of p}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 lea transcript establish}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3625671\charrsid7221477 es}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
 that while Mallo did waive his right to appeal his conviction, he did not waive his right to appeal the sentence imposed.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [23]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 
The plea agreement also did not contain }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 a}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 n explicit}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477  waiver of his right to appeal }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 the}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 
 restitution award.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 The majority rule in the United States Courts of Appeals, including the Ninth
 Circuit, is that the right to appeal a restitution award must be waived explicitly.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 United States v. Cooper}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 , 498 F.3d 1156, 1159 (10th Cir. 2007).}{\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 See}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 United States v. Sistrunk}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 
, 432 F.3d 917, 918 (8th Cir.}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 2006); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 United States v. Smith}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 , 344 F.3d 479, 483 (6th Cir.}{
\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 2003); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 United States v. Behrman}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 , 235 F.3d 1049, 1052 (7th Cir.}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 2000); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 United States v. Zink}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 , 107 F.3d 716, 717-18 (9th Cir.}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 1997); }{
\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 United States v. Ready}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 , 82 F.3d 551, 560 (2d Cir.}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 1996); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 
but see United States v. Cohen}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 , 459 F.3d 490, 497 (4th Cir.}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid13050227 2006).}}}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 We adopt the same rule here.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 
Because the Plea Agreement made no reference to Mallo waiving his right to appeal the restitution award, he cannot be said to have done so voluntarily and knowingly.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 We therefore reach the merits of his appeal}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477  of both the sentence imposed and the restitution ordered}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13050227\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 B. Credit for Prior Detention}{
\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [24]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Mallo}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477  first objects to }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the Superior Court}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 \rquote s }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
refusal to grant him credit for the time he served in custody prior to sentencing.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 As a result, Mallo\rquote 
s eligibility for parole will begin after he has served more than }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691907\charrsid7221477 twenty-one }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 
years of his life sentence, rather than after the statutory term of fifteen years. }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The plea agreement between Mallo and the }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 g}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 overnment states: \'93
the Defendant and the Government specifically agree that the determination as to whether Defendant should receive credit for time served is }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
entirely within the discretion of the Sentencing Judge}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 
ER, t}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ab 2}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477  at}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  3 (Plea Agreement) (}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 emphasis in original}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Under Guam law, however, the sentencing judge has no discretion as to whether a defendant should receive credit for time served: \'93
When an offender who is sentenced to imprisonment has previously been detained}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  . . . }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 such period of detention }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 shall}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  be deducted from the maximum and minimum term of such sentence.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9 GCA \'a7 80.46 (200}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ) (emphasis added).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The plain meaning of this statute is that the credit for time served is obligatory.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [25]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Although there are no cases in 
Guam }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 on this point}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , similar language has been held elsewhere to be mandatory.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The source for sectio}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 n 80.46 cites two jurisdictions,}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  Massachusetts and New Jersey}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Both states interpret }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6780807\charrsid7221477 similar provisions in }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
their statutes as creating a right to credit for time served.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [26]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab In Massachusetts, state law requires that }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 [t]he court}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  . . . }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 shall order that the prisoner be deemed to have served}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  . . . }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the number of days spent by the prisoner in confinement prior to such sentence awaiting and during trial.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 279, \'a7 33A (1998)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid216742\charrsid7221477 .}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537   }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname State}}Massachusetts{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has since changed the location of this statute from the citation given in the Guam Code but the language and interpretation remain identical.}}}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Interpreting this statute, the Court of Appeals }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13655186\charrsid7221477 believed}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  it should be read liberally for the benefit of prisoners.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 We reject \'93an overly legalistic approach\'94
 toward jail credit matters}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  . . . }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 and rely on the \'93
rule that would remedy the injustice of a prisoner serving time for which he receives no credit. Liberty is of immeasurable value; it will not do to read statutes and opinions blind to the possible injustice of denying credit.\'94
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Com. v. Maldonado}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 832 N.E.2d 690, 691}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 -92}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  (Mass. App. Ct. 2005) (}
{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 internal }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 citations omitted).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7761236\charrsid7221477 [27]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab New Jersey agrees in its Rules of Court: \'93
The defendant shall receive credit on the term of a custodial sentence for any time served in custody in jail or in a state hospital between arrest and the imposition of sentence.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 N.J. R. 3:21-8}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10039170\charrsid7221477  (1994)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8146796\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid8146796 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid8146796  Like Massachusetts, New Jersey\rquote 
s rule no longer has the same citation as given in the Guam Code Annotated, but the language remains identical.}}}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
As explained by the Appellate Division, \'93When the rule applies, the credit is mandatory.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 State v. Hemphill}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 917 A.2d 247, 250 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2007), }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 cert. denied}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 926 A.2d 853 (N.J. 20}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 07).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11750863\charrsid7221477 
Mandatory jail credit is allocable to any imposed period of parole eligibility.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11750863\charrsid7221477 State}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11750863\charrsid7221477  v. Mastapeter}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11750863\charrsid7221477 , 674 A.2d 1016, 1019 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div., 1996).}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15421351\charrsid7221477 In light of the}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  imperative \'93shall\'94 in section 80.46}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15421351\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  this court concurs with Massachusetts and New Jersey that defendants like Mallo have a right to that credit.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [28]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The People contend, and the sentencing court agreed, that Mallo waived his
 right to credit for time served in the plea agreement.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The argument appears to be that by leaving the matter to the trial court
\rquote s discretion, the plea agreement authorized the court to ignore the statute.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5442102\charrsid7221477  People argue that the}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  grant of discretion served as a waiver of that credit by the defendant}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5442102\charrsid7221477 , and that }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo gave up the right to the credit when he signed the }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 plea a}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5442102\charrsid7221477 greement.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo argues that he did not intend that the plea agreement waive his right to credit for time served.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote s preferred interpretation of the clause appears to be that he left the issue to the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 trial }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 court\rquote s discretion and the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7871924\charrsid7221477 trial }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 court
\rquote s discretion must be to follow the statutory mandate and grant him credit.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [29]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab 
Some jurisdictions do allow defendants to waive their statutory right to credit for the time served in jail prior to sentencing.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
States that allow a defendant to waive this right have demanded that the waiver be clear, knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \'93}
{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15421351\charrsid7221477 [}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 A}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15421351\charrsid7221477 ]}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  waiver of jail credit will not be presumed and the state has the burden to clearly establish a waiver occurred.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Briggs v. State}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 929 So.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11886845\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 2d 1151, 1153 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \'93
As with the waiver of any significant right by a criminal defendant, a defendant's waiver of entitlement to}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 custody credits must, of course, be knowing and intelligent.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 People v. Johnson}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 51 P.3d 913, 916 (Cal. 2002)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 ; }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 see also}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 Van Bui}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 29}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1794873 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [30]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1794873\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 In Pennsylvania, a court upheld a 
\'93defendant's express }{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 acquiescence}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  and }{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
agreement}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  }{\cs18\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 . . .}{\cs18\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 [that] knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently waived his right to credit for time served.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Com. v. Byrne}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 833 A.2d 729, 734 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2003) (}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 emphasis in original}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Byrne}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  is of particular interest }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 becaus}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 e}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  it is the case the trial court used to analyze whether Mallo\rquote 
s waiver of his right to credit for time served was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 In }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Byrne}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , the defendant expressly gave up his right }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 to}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  credit}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477  for time}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  served in exchange for a plea agreement.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 Id. }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 at 731.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Unlike Mallo\rquote 
s agreement, which left the issue of }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 credit for }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
time served to the discretion of the sentencing judge, Byrne initialed each of the following lines:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 14. Pursuant to this plea agr
eement I understand that I am only receiving credit for one year I have served in prison: February 8, 2000 to February 8, 2001.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
15. Pursuant to this plea agreement, I understand that I am waiving my credit for all the other time I served in prison: August 8, 1991 to August 16, 1991; March 29, 1992 to June 5, 1997; and October 29, 1997 to February 7, 2001.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 {\*\bkmkstart sp_999_2}
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
16. I am waiving my right to credit for time I served excluding the year knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 17. No one has used any force 
or threats against me in order for me to waive my credit for time served.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
18. No promises have been made to me in order to get me to enter this plea, other than what is set forth in the plea agreement, if any, on pages 3 and 4 of this guilty plea form.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 19.
 I have had sufficient time to discuss the issue of credit for time served with my attorney.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
20. My attorney has answered all of my questions concerning the issue of credit for time served.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801 {\*\bkmkend sp_999_2}
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 21. I am waiving my right to receive credit for time serve
d because I realize that it is in my best interest to accept the terms of the plea bargain rather than subject myself to a possible conviction on first degree murder and the penalty of a life sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 Obviously, the terms of the plea agreement in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 Byrne }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 
are different}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 The waiver of credit for time served in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 Byrne }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 was made knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477  at 737.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The trial court also relied on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
United States v. Kramer}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , a case with a plea agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477  similar }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
to Mallo\rquote s.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1794873\charrsid7221477 12 F.3d 130 (8th Cir. 1993)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 Although Kramer\rquote s plea agreement was silent on the issue of credit for time served, the court stated that }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 [t]he record indicates that the parties specifically left the issue of credit for the sentencing court to resolve.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Indeed, Kramer's attorney himself stated that the parties left the issue \lquote up to the discretion of }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 [the judge]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .\rquote \'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  at 131.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [32]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 In }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 Kramer}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 , t}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 he reason the }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 Eighth Circuit}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477  upheld}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477  the trial court\rquote 
s decision not to grant credit }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 was}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 that}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477  the federal statute }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 forbids}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 
 credit when the presentence custody has already been applied as credit against a state sentence:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 
[T]he Bureau of Prisons properly decided not to award Kramer credit for the time served, as it would have contravened the proscription in 18 U.S.C. \'a7 3585(b) }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7489884\charrsid7221477 
(1988) against double crediting. . . }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 . The record shows that Kramer received credit for that six-month period against his state sentence for his state probation violation.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9306704\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 
 at 132.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 Kramer had contended that the go
vernment violated his plea agreement by seeking to deny Kramer his credit for time served.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 Id.}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 In light of the federal statute}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15683621\charrsid7221477  and the plea agreement
\rquote s silence on the issue of credit for time served}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 , t}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 he Eighth Circuit }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 found}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 no violation}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15683621\charrsid7221477  of the plea agreement in denying the credit}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 Thus the }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 Kramer }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 court applied the mandatory federal statut}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1977278\charrsid7221477 e, rather than merely enforcing}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477 
a purported grant of discretion to the trial court }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 where }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13270265\charrsid7221477 the trial court }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 would normally have none}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [33]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Kramer }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 is inapplicable to an analysis of section 80.46, which requires the credit of time served without any statutory exceptions.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 9 GCA \'a7 80.46.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Indeed, no court that has cited }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Kramer}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  has done so for anything other than the proposition that a federal defendant cannot obtain \'93double credit.
\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 See, e.g., Baker v. Tippy}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 , No. 99-2841, 2000 WL 1128285
, at *1 (8th Cir. 2000).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The other cases the trial court considered involved either }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15683621\charrsid7221477 excessive}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  awards of credit, such as those that effected an immediate release,}{
\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537   }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 See, e.g., Rivera v. State}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 
, 954 So. 2d 1216, 1218 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2007), }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 review granted by}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Rivera v. State}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 968 So. 2d 557 (Fla. 2007); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Fulcher v. State}{
\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 875 So. 2d 647, 648-49 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004), }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 case dismissed by Fulcher v. State}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 890 So. 2d 1114 (Fla. 2004).}{\insrsid7810730  }}}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  or jurisdictions that do not require that credit be granted for time served, leaving it }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1794873\charrsid7221477 to }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the discretion of the sentencing judge}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477  instead}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{
\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid6713537  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 See}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 
Sweets v. State}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 36 P.3d 1130, 1131 (Wyo. 2001).}}}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Neither situation is on point.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [34]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab After the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 trial court\rquote s}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  decision}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477  to }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15683621\charrsid7221477 deny}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477  Mallo credit for time served}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , this court handed down its opinion in }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 People v. Van Bui}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam 8.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Van Bui}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  involved the determination of whether a particular guilty plea was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 Id. }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 \'b6 1.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The original plea agreement signed by the defendant and the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 
People }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 had the defendant pleading guilty to one crime, but due to a last-minute, hurried conference between the prosecutor and the defense}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477  attorney}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , it was changed to another.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477  \'b6\'b6 4-7.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The two crimes had different elements}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 and no one explained to the defendant what the difference was or what he was now stipulating to in his guilty plea.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 Id.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  \'b6}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 \'b6}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  6-7.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The defendant then challenged the plea, arguing that it was not voluntary because he had not been advised of the differences between the elements of the two crimes.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 \'b6 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
This court agreed that he did not understand and held that:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
[w]hen a court has failed to adequately determine that a defendant understands the nature of the charges to which he is pleading guilty, however, the error affects the defendant's substantial rights, and seriously affec
ts the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7489884\charrsid7221477  . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 Such a plea cannot be deemed constitutionally voluntary and constitutes plain error.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }
{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid881177\charrsid7221477 \'b6 }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 29 (internal citations omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 Thus}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Van Bui}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  holds that for a decision giving up important rights by a defendant to be voluntary under Guam law, the defendant must understand the meaning of the waiver and its consequences.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2228306\charrsid7221477 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2228306\charrsid7221477 \'b6 11.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4723227\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [35]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Given the vague language in the plea agreement, it is hard to say that Mallo was aware that he was giving up his right to credit for time served.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The record has no discussion during the entry of the plea of the fate of Mallo\rquote s credits}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3502005\charrsid7221477 ,}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  and there was no menti}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10634530\charrsid7221477 on of the credit in the plea}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  colloquy.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Mallo never explicitly agreed to give up his credit for time served and, although the plea agreement }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15868872\charrsid7221477 might be read to imply that by granting the judge discretion }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 he waived his right to credit for time served, we agree with the Second and }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2228306\charrsid7221477 Eighth Circuit }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 that the ambiguity will be resolved in the defendant's favor and hold that here, the plea agreement Mallo signed was not a knowing waiver of his right to credit for time served.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 See Andis}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 , 333 F.3d at 890.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [36]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab We }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10645475\charrsid7221477 do not reach the issue}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  of whether, under Guam law, a defendant may waive his right to credit for time served or whether the waiver of sentencing rights could ever be knowing and volun}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 tary.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Instead, we find that even if the right is waivable, Mallo's plea agreement did not constitute a kn}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 owing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of this right.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 C. Vacating }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 the}{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  Plea Agreement}{
\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Because}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  Mallo is entitled to his credit for time served and has not waived it, the remedy is to credit the time to his sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The People challenge this, arguing that Mallo is attempting to subvert the plea agreement by defeating one of its benefits}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6713537\charrsid7221477 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  and thus the appropriate remedy would be to vacate the plea agreement and restore the parties to their prior p}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6713537\charrsid7221477 ositions}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [38]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The People }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 rely on}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 State v. Deilke}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
, wherein the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, considering the interplay between contract law and plea}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  bargaining, held that while \'93[n]}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ot all conduct that deviates from the precise terms of a plea agreement constitutes a breach that warrants a remedy,\'94 courts will vacate a plea agreement if \'93the party arguing a breach}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  show[s], by clear and convincing evidence, that a breach occurred and that the breach is material and substantial.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 682 N.W.2d 945, 951 (Wis. 2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  (internal citations omitted)}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 Deilke had agreed to plead guilty in exchange for the prosecution\rquote 
s agreement to drop a more serious charge; he then brought a collateral attack on the conviction in which he successfully demonstrated his right to counsel had been violated.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 at 949.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 The court concluded}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  that Deilke could not have it both ways,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477  and that the result of his successful collateral attack on the conviction that was issued pursuant to the plea was to invalidate both the conviction and the plea agreement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  at 953.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [39]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Here,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477  vacating }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote s plea agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 
 and restoring the parties to their original positions is not the appropriate remedy.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 Mallo, unlike Deilke, has not challenged his }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 guilty plea}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 
The People ret}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 a}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 i}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 n the mate
rial and substantial benefit of his guilty conviction and the resulting life sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 The People}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477  also}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477  retain the benefit of avoiding the time-consuming and resource-intensive preparation for trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 Mallo still faces a }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 sentence }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5207833\charrsid7221477 of}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  life imprisonment}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 \emdash }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 the only change is that the Parole Board may }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 consider}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 
 his eligi}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5207833\charrsid7221477 bi}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 lity for parole after he has served a cumulative total of fifteen years in prison.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 The People, as the party arguing the breach, have failed to demonstrate that such breach is }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5207833\charrsid7221477 material and substantial.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5207833\charrsid7221477 Accor}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 dingly, we will not vacate the plea, but instead will remand the case to the trial court with instructions to credit Mallo for the time he served prior to sentencing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 D. Restitution}{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13438651\charrsid7221477 [40]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Mallo originally argued that this court should strike th
e restitution award as excessive, since section 80.50(a) limits the amount of restitution to $10,000 \'93when the conviction is of a felony of the first}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477  . . .}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  degree.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9 GCA \'a7 80.50(a)}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477  (2005)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 However, w}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 hen the statute is read in its entirety, }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 one discovers that subsection (e) allows for a higher amount to be assessed:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
A person who has been convicted of an offense may be sentenced to pay a fine or to make restitution not exceeding:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
(a) Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00), when the conviction is of a felony of the first or second degree;
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15362643\charrsid7221477 . . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
\par (e) Any }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 higher}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  amount equal to double the pecuniary gain to the offender or loss to the vict
im caused by the conduct constituting the offense by the offender. In such case the court shall make a finding as to the amount of the gain or loss, and if the record does not contain sufficient evidence to support such a finding the court may conduct a h
earing upon the issue.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9 GCA \'a7 80.50 (emphasis added).
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [41]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 \tab The use of the word}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  \'93higher}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 \'94 in 80.50(e) }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 is comparative}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 The \'93amount\'94 modified by the word \'93higher\'94 }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 must be }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 greater}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  than something else}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  and the only intelligible reading of the statue is that this amount is to be higher than the $10,000 limit in section 80.50(a).}{
\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14822332\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid5207833 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5207833  Curiously and we will presume, inadvertently, defense counsel in their }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 
brief present an excerpt of 9 GCA}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5207833  \'a7}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5207833 80.50(e) that omits the adjective \'93higher.\'94 Appellant\rquote s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region
}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Br.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 19}{\fs20\insrsid7810730  (Apr. 14, 2008)}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5207833 
.  Regardless, we remind defense counsel that every attorney has an ethical duty of candor to the court.  {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Guam{\*\xmlclose} }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 R. Prof\rquote l Conduct 3.3(a).}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 If}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6713537\charrsid7221477  the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
first sub}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 -section controlled and a first or second }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 degree felony offender\rquote s restit
ution was capped at $10,000, then section 80.50(e) would be useless, irrelevant, and vitiated.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 
This suggests that restitution awards in excess of $10,000 are allowed under 9 GCA \'a7 80.50(e).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 See }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 20 GCA \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid411309\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 15133 (2005) (}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7798922\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 An interpretation }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7798922\charrsid7221477 which}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  gives }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6715294\charrsid7221477 e}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ffect is preferred to one which makes void.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [42]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab The District Court of Guam, Appellate Division had occasion to consider this exact issue in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 People v. Guiang}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 1986 WL 68514 (D. Guam App. Div. 1986).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Defendant, Guiang, was convicted of }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Theft by Unlawful Taking in excess of $500, a felony of the Third Degree.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 Id. }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 at *1.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 She was ordered to pay restitution of $70,000}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477  to her victim}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , well ab}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7798922\charrsid7221477 ove the limit of section 80.50(b}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
), which had a cap of $5,000.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 She appealed, arguing that the statute \'93sets absolute limits on the amount of restitution a court may order and in her case, a third degree felony, that amount is $5,000.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  at }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 *}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 2.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13655186\charrsid7221477 Evaluating}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  the interp}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7798922\charrsid7221477 
lay between sub-sections 80.50(b}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ) and (e), the court rejected her appeal and upheld the restitution order:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The plain meaning of these words is that a criminal can be ordered to pay restitution in the amount of gain received or loss suffered by the victim. In fact, \'a7 80.50 authorizes the court, i
n its discretion, to order restitution equal to twice that amount. Guiang would have this court consider only subsection (b) and ignore subsection (e). But this analysis would fly in the face of the presumption against idle or useless language in a statut
e; additionally, it would violate the principle of giving effect to all words in a statute; and finally, it ignores the plain meaning of the language of \'a7
 80.50 which authorizes restitution equal to the gain to the offender or the loss to the victim. The restitution order of the Superior Court was well within the constraints of the law and the facts of this case and it will not be disturbed.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [43]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 We find }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Guiang}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477  to be well established in law and well reasoned, and we will not deviate from its holding.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5442102\charrsid7221477 See }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Limtiaco v. Guam Fire Dept.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 , 2007 Guam 10 \'b6 46 n.9.}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 We agree that section }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 80.50 allows a judge to order up to $10,000 in restitution without any findings, and to order }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 a higher}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  amount }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 equal to the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 loss to }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 the }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 victim or gain to offender if the judge makes a finding}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477  as}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  to that amount.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 T}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 herefore, t}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 
he restitution award of funeral expenses in the amount of $13,899.70 did not exceed the amount authorized by \'a7}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13120838\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 
80.50(e).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [44]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab 
Mallo next objects to the award of restitution based on its recipients, the family of the victim, not the victim (who is deceased) or her estate.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 All of the $13,899.70 was awarded to the victim\rquote s brother for reimbursement for funeral-related expenses.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 In Mallo\rquote s plea agreement, signed more than six years after the murder, he agreed to the following provision:}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 That Defendant shall be held liable for restitution pursuant to 9 }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13120838\charrsid7221477 [GCA] }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 \'a7 80.50(e).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 Re
stitution shall include funeral expenses, all related funeral costs, and medical expenses of the victim, Lourdes Constantino Mallo, in an amount to be determined at a restitution hearing.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 ER, t}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 
ab 2 at 3 (Plea Agreement).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Despite the fact he expressly a}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 gre
ed}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  to be held liable for \'93funeral expenses, all related funeral costs, and medical expense}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 s of the victim,\'94 }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo says that in the plea agreement he only accepted liability for \'93restituti}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 on pursuant to 9 }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 [}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 GCA}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3754206\charrsid7221477 ]}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477  \'a7 80.50(e).\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 Id.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 Although Mallo}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  is
 liable for any funeral expenses pursuant to that statute, he}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477  argues he}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 is not liable for any expenses incurred by people who are not covered by section 80.50(e).}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477 Because}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  the victim\rquote s brother is not the vi}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 ctim, Mallo believes}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , the trial court cannot award as restitution any funeral expenses the brother paid, ev}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6512300\charrsid7221477 en if for the victim\rquote 
s funeral, because }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo never agreed to cover the brother\rquote s expenses.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [45]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab  In his plea agreement, Mallo clearly acquiesced to paying for all of the burial costs, including related }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 expenses}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , in exchange for the negotiated sentence and other considerations.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8146796\charrsid7221477 Contract analysis supports the idea that Mallo should be bound to his promise to pay restitution and deemed to have waived his complaint about who is a victim.}{
\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid16716524 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid16716524   }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14171569 The trial court did not consider }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 
contract}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14171569  arguments in its decision, but this court has the authority to uphold a decision based on }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 any ground supported by the }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14171569 record.}{
\fs20\insrsid7810730   }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Hart v. Hart}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 2008 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Guam{\*\xmlclose} 11 \'b6 15.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 This court has likened, though not completely, plea agreements to contracts:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Clearly, similarities do exist between one area of law and another such that in certain instances principles from one body may aid in the analysis of the another. }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9059410\charrsid7221477 [sic] }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 For instance, in }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Ex parte Johnson,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  669 So.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13120838\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 2d 205 (Ala.1995), the court recognized that \'93}{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b833}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b833}plea}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b834}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b834}agreements}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  resemble formal }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b837}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b837}contracts}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  and that }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b840}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b840}contract}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  law theories provide a \lquote useful analytical framework,
\rquote  for dealing with }{\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b851}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b851}plea}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b852}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b852}agreements}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8145462\charrsid7221477 . . . }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .\'94 }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  at 206 }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1794873\charrsid7221477 [internal citation omitted].}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 Qualifying this statement, however, the court further stated that, \'93}{\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b878}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b878}contract}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  law cannot be rigidly applied to }{\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b885}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b885}plea}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b886}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b886}agreements}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .\'94 }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Naron v. Bitanga}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 1999 Guam 21 \'b6 8.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [46]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Under contract law}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13120838\charrsid7221477 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo would be held to the obvious meaning of the agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477 \emdash }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 to pay for all of the funeral costs, without qualification}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477  as to}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 whom he would pay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 According to the Restatement }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 (Second) }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 of Contracts:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477 (2) }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The manifestations of the parties are operative in accordance with the meaning attached to them by one of the parties if}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart sp_999_1}{\*\bkmkstart SDU_1}
(a) that party does not know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other knows the meaning attached by the first party; or
\par {\*\bkmkend sp_999_1}{\*\bkmkend SDU_1}(b) that party has no reason to know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other has reason to know the meaning attached by the first party.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12399801 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Restatement (Second) of Contracts \'a7 20 (1970).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [47]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab There is no reason }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7423730\charrsid7221477 
for the People to have assumed}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  that Mallo was only limiting his liability to funeral costs that the victim herself bore since there is no qualifying language in the agreement.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Mallo would certainly have had reason to believe the People intended the plea agreement to cover the funeral expenses of the victim, which had already become definite, fixed, and paid for by the victim\rquote s brother}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8146796\charrsid7221477  at the time Mallo entered into the plea agreement}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [48]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab 
Under this analysis, the only complaint Mallo could have with his restitution is what he pays, not to whom he is forced to pay.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
If the total restitution does not exceed the statutory }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid10309834\charrsid7221477 maximum,}{\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\ql \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid1575401 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid1575401   }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 In Mallo\rquote s case, the statu}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 t}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 ory maximum would be $10,000 or t}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 wice the victim\rquote 
s loss}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , whichever is greater}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 . }{\fs20\insrsid7810730  }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 9 GCA \'a7}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 \'a7}{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244  80.50}{
\fs20\insrsid7810730  (a) and }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid14246244 (e).}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 
\par }}}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  then Mallo is not actually harmed if he is ordered to pay that amount}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14176018\charrsid7221477 .}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo\rquote s counsel}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1575401\charrsid7221477  hinted at this}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  when he admitted that payment to the victim\rquote s estate would not be in violation of section 80.50.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Since the victim's brother has a claim against the estate for the funeral expenses, if the estate were to be awarded restitution against Mallo for those expenses, the amoun
t would simply go to the brother anyway.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The only difference is the path}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1575401\charrsid7221477 , which}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14176018\charrsid7221477  in this case }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1575401\charrsid7221477 
is of no legally significant consequence}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs23\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1575401\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs23\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457  }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid1208971 See }{\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457 20 GCA \'a7 15120 (2005) (}{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457 \'93The law respects form less than substance.\'94); 20 GCA 
\'a7 15121 (2005) (\'93That which ought to have been done is to be regarded as done, in favor of him to whom, and against him from whom, performance is due.\'94); 20 GCA \'a7 15125 (2005) (\'93The law disregards trifles.\'94).}{\cs16\insrsid7810730  }}}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 In addition, b}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 y entering into the plea agreement, Mallo waive
d any complaint he may have had with the payee of the restitution order.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Because we find that Mallo has waived this alleged error, we do not decide whether section 80.50 would authorize a payment to the family o}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477 f a victim absent the defendant\rquote }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 s agreement to do so.\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457 \chftn }{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid5199457   }{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730 The statute is ambiguous in that it does not define \'93victim,\'94
 and almost every jurisdiction that allows families of victims to be included in restitution orders has much clearer statutory language allowing or demanding that they be included th
an does Guam, including all of those states cited by the trial court as reasons to consider the victim's brother to be a \'93victim\'94 under section 80.50.  O}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 
ther Guam statutes are much more express in defining who may be considered a victim; see }{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730 Crime Victim\rquote s Rights Act of 2004, \'93\lquote }{\cs17\fs20\insrsid7810730 Victim}{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730 \rquote 
 means a person against whom a crime has been committed . . . .\'94 8 GCA \'a7 160.30(d) (2005); }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 Compensation for Damages from Criminal Activities, \'93\lquote }{\cs17\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Victim}{\cs16\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 
\rquote }{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730  means a person who is injured or killed by any act or omission of any other person . . . .\'94 8 GCA \'a7 161.10(h) (2005); Victims Immunity Act of 2004, \'93\lquote }{\cs17\fs20\insrsid7810730 Victim}{
\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730 \rquote  is a person who was the object of another's criminal conduct . . . .\'94 8 GCA 162.10(e) (2005); Family Violence, \'93}{\cs17\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Victim}{\cs16\fs20\insrsid7810730 
 means any natural person against whom a crime, as defined under the laws of Guam, has been committed or attempted to be committed.\'94
 9 GCA 30.10(f) (2005) (all emphasis in original).  The Guam Legislature should consider amending section 80.50 to clarify its intent.}}}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14109093\charrsid7221477 [49]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 Finally, }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mall}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 o }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 argue
s that the trial court failed to properly follow the statutory }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5191533\charrsid7221477 restitution }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
scheme by sentencing him to pay restitution without an appropriate evidentiary basis for its amount and without a hearing on his ability to pay.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Section 80.50(e) requires that when the restitution is based on the loss to the victim}{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the court shall make a finding as to the amount of the}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid9444999\charrsid7221477  . . . }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
loss, and if the record does not contain sufficient evidence to support such a finding the court may conduct a hearing upon the issue.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9 GCA 80.50(e)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477  (2005)}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Another statute, 9 GCA \'a7 80.52, requires that}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 :}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
(b) The court shall not sentence an offender to pay a fine or make restitution in addition to a sentence of imprisonment or probation unless:
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 (1) the offender has derived a pecuniary gain from the offense; or
\par (2) the court believes that a fine or restitution is specially adapted to deterrence of the type of offense involved or to the correction of the {\*\bkmkstart SDU_21}{\*\bkmkend SDU_21}offender.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 (c) The court shall not sentence an offender to pay a fine or make res
titution unless the offender is or, given a fair opportunity to do so, will be able to pay the fine or restitution. The court shall not sentence an offender to pay a fine unless the fine will not prevent the offender from making restitution to the victim 
of the offense.
\par (d) In determining the amount and method of payment of a fine or restitution, the court shall take into account the financial resources of the offender and the nature of the burden that its payment will impose.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9 GCA \'a7 80.52 (200}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 5}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [50]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Mallo contends that the trial court did not hold a hearing on his ability to pay}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 , in violation of section 80.52.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 Given }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 that Mallo has been in custody since 1999, is sentenced to life imprisonment, and the trial court did not grant him credit for his time served, }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 Mallo argues }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 there is no evidence that he can pay restitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 He also }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 asserts}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 that the court did not make any findings of the victim\rquote s loss, as required by section 80.50(e)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 and that the prosecution proffered no evidence of loss}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 I}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 nstead, the court}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477  simply}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 relied on the Restitution Report prepared by the probation officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [51]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab When Mallo signed the plea agreement, he }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 agreed}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 in }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477 paragraph 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  to the restitution requirement and to pay the entire cost of the funeral and related expenses.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3765537\charrsid7221477 ER, tab 2 at 6 (Plea Agreement).}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477 In the plea agreement, }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16402024\charrsid7221477 he }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477 also stipulated and agreed \'93
that if given a fair opportunity to pay any fines and restitution ordered by the Court, he will be able to do so.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3765537\charrsid7221477 Id.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Nowhere in his briefs does Mallo argue that he did not understand the significance of }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477 paragraph 7}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
When the plea was entered, Mallo was asked about the plea agreement: \'93[D]id you read it, understand it, voluntarily agree to all the terms in this agreement that you signed it?\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477 ER, t}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477 ab 3 at}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  10 (Transcript of Proceedings on Appeal).}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 He said, \'93I have, sir.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14447161 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [52]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab 
Unlike the issue of whether Mallo would get credit for time served, which had not yet been decided and was reserved to the discretion of the court in the plea agreement, the funeral expenses had already been incurred when they were negotiated and inserted
 into the plea agreement.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
Further, although Mallo objects to the decision of the trial court, nowhere in the record did he take issue with the amounts listed on the restitution report.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo offered to pay the restitution amount to obtain valuable concessions from the prosecution.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 He accepted responsibility for the restitution in court under direction and questioning by the judge and this acceptance was \'93knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Van Bui}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5199457\charrsid7221477  8 \'b6 2}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 9.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [53]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab Even if not proffered by the}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477  People
}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , the judge could make a judicial finding based on the restitution report and the trial court did just that in its decision: }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the Court entered the recommended sentence, including the full amount of $13,899.70}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4012547\charrsid7221477  . . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 This amount is consistent wi
th the March 21, 2006 Restitution Repor}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4012547\charrsid7221477 t filed by the Probation Office . . . .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14171569\charrsid7221477 \'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 ER}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7480178\charrsid7221477 , tab }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 9 at}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5393881\charrsid7221477  1 (Dec. &}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  Order, Dec. 5, 2007).}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Indeed, at least to the finding by the judge as to the amount of the restitution, Mallo cannot even explain how he is being harme
d by the alleged procedural impropriety.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1208971\charrsid7221477 
makes no objection at all as to the amount of }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 the funeral costs}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14711311\charrsid7221477 .}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [54]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15869306\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 
Mallo clearly stipulated in the plea agreement that if given a }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4350066\charrsid7221477 fair }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 chance, he would be able to pay the restitution award.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 While the District Court Appellate Division has held that section 80.52 requires \'93
an evidentiary hearing conducted by the court to determine whether the offender has the financial means to make the payment of restitution,\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 In re Interest of Cruz}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 , 1983 WL 29938, at *2 (D. Guam App. Div. 1983), we do not believe }{\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 Cruz}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477  can be construed to apply when the defendant stipulates that he or she has the ability to pay.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid5459244\charrsid7221477 A stipulation, by its very nature, }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid6443270\charrsid7221477 indicates that no factual dispute exists, and therefore no evidentiary hearing is required.}
{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [55]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab While it may be true that Mallo cannot now pay the restitution order, }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16402024\charrsid7221477 it}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  does not mean that the trial court abused its discretion in ordering him to pay restitution under section 80.52.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The comments to the Model Penal Code, upon which section 80.52 was based, e}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4012547\charrsid7221477 
xplain}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  that restitution can be }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 ordered if the \'93}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
defendant is adjudged capable of paying it, e}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 ither at once or in the future.\'94}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Model Penal Code \'a7 7.02 cmt.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 The t
rial court in Mallo's case did just that}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 ,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  noting that Mallo has the opportunity for parole within }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid16402024\charrsid7221477 fifteen}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 years and that he has the ability to work while in prison to support its decision to impose a restitution that Mallo had already agreed to pay.}{\cs15\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s19\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\wrapdefault\hyphpar0\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15154371 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1025\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1025 {\cs15\fs20\super\insrsid7810730\charrsid15663197 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid7810730\charrsid15663197   }{\fs20\insrsid7810730 The trial court cited to several cases which all hold the same: }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 Nixon v. State}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 4 P.3d 864, 871-72 (Wyo. 2000); }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 
People v. Frye}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 27 Cal. Rptr. 2d 52, 54-55 (Cal. Ct. App. 1994); and }{\i\fs20\insrsid7810730 State v. Van Hoff}{\fs20\insrsid7810730 , 415 N.W.2d 647, 649 ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname 
State}}Iowa{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 1987).  ER, tab 9 at 5-7 (Decision, Dec. 5, 2007).}}}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 [56]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
The trial court determined, pursuant to section 80.52, that Mallo had the ability to pay the restitution in the future.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
That determination is subject to review only for abuse of discretion.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 This court has announced that, \'93[a] court }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b2496}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b2496}abuses}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  its }{
\cs17\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 {\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b2498}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b2498}discretion}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 by basing its decision on an erroneous legal standard or clearly erroneous factual findings, or if, in applying the appropriate legal standards, the court misapprehended the law with respect to the underlying issues in the litigation.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 San Miguel v. Dep\rquote t of Pub. Works}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam 3 \'b6 18.
}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Under this standard, }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 \'93before reversing a lower court
\rquote }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 s decision, we must first have a definite and firm conviction the trial court committed clear error of judgment in its conclusion.\'94}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 J.J. Moving Servs., Inc. v. Sanko Bussan (Guam) Co.,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  1998 
Guam 19 \'b6 14.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 [57}{\cs16\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 ]}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab No such }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 error exists here.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 T}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 he restitution report, especially without any challenge to its veracity by Mallo, serves as a sufficient finding of the victim's loss and the court was within its discretion }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1208971\charrsid7221477 in not requiring}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  any more evidence.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 As to the ability to pay, the trial court could consider Mallo\rquote s ability to earn money in prison and his eventual release, and could
 infer from the fact that he promised to pay the funeral costs that he had the ability to pay }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid1208971\charrsid7221477 those}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  costs.}{
\cs16\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3439043\charrsid7221477 Moreover, Mallo voluntarily and knowingly stipulated that if given a fair chance, he has the ability to pay the restitution award.
}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid15663197\charrsid7221477 I}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 V.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12399801\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 [5}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 8}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid7221477 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid11301266\charrsid7221477 Because}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 Mallo did not waive his right to credit for time served, the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2298602\charrsid7221477 trial c}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 ourt }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4012547\charrsid7221477 erred in denying}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  him that credit.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 Mallo did, however, waive his right to }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 contest the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2298602\charrsid7221477 
amount or payee of the }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8285958\charrsid7221477 restitution award}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4012547\charrsid7221477 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 
 and that order is upheld.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 We }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 REVERSE}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  in part, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 AFFIRM}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  in part, and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477 REMAND}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  to the Superior Court for further proceedings }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14711311\charrsid7221477 
consistent}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid293208\charrsid7221477  with this opinion. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid4540094 ROBERT J. TORRES}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid8851657\charrsid4540094 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid4540094 Chief Justice
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid4540094 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid4540094 F PHILIP CARBULLIDO
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3691649\charrsid4540094 Associate Justic}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid2298602\charrsid4540094 e}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid4540094 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477  SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \psz1\linex0\headery1440\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid3166862\sftnbj {
\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 MARAMAN, J., concurring:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 [5}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 9}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 \tab I concur with the result reached by the majority.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 
However, I do not believe it is necessary to reach the question of whether or not Mallo may waive his right to appeal the imposition of his sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 [}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 60}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 \tab During the change of plea colloquy, the court asked Mallo the following:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-7\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 THE COURT:}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12548457\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 Do you understand that you are pleading guilty to Murder}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13575297\charrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 
(As a First Degree Felony) and the maximum sentence I can impose upon you is life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 15 years and a fine of $10,000.00. [sic] Do you understand that?
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 MALLO:}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13575297\charrsid7221477 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 I do.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-3600\li3600\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7221477 {\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 ER, tab 3 at 11}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477  }{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 (Transcripts of Proceedings on Appeal, Dec. 21, 2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 .
}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 [61}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 \tab 
Mallo did not knowingly waive credit for time served because it was not explained in the colloquy.}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 In }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 People v. Van Bui}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 , 2008 Guam 8 \'b6 11, standards were established for entry of a plea agreement.}{
\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid7221477  }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 
Those standards were not met in that Mallo clearly did not waive credit for time served because the trial court did not advise him of the consequences of waiver during the colloquy. }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4540094\charrsid7221477 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid14038433\charrsid7221477 [62}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid7221477 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid7221477 \tab 
I join with the majority in their analysis that the plea agreement should stand and the setting of restitution was proper.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4540094 {\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid13575297\charrsid4540094 K}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid4540094 
ATHERINE A. MARAMAN
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid3166862\charrsid4540094 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid4748052\charrsid4540094 ssociate Justice}{\b\lang2057\langfe1025\langnp2057\insrsid12521229\charrsid4540094 
\par }}