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\b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 DR. HUGH SULE}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Petitioner-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 ,
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 ,
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Respondent-Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 .
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14620995 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16213489\charrsid8785242 Supreme Court Case No.: CVA07-012
\par Superior Court Case No.: SP0192-02
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\b\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 OPINION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11103643\charrsid8785242 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11103643\charrsid8785242 November 24, 2008
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Cite as: 200}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 8}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242  Guam }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007760\charrsid8785242 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
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\par Argued and submitted on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 February 20, 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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Petitioner}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 -Appellant:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Mitchell F. Thompson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Esq}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Maher & Thompson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , P.C.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 140 Aspinall Avenue, Suite 201}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
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a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8785242 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Appearing for Plaintiffs-Appellees:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 David J. Highsmith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Esq.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Office of the Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 96910}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {
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\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4680\clshdrawnil \cellx9240\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 
\par BEFORE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242  ROBERT J. TORRES}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , Chief Justice; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 
F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 Associate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Justice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 MIGUEL }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9962436\charrsid8785242 . DEMAPAN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 , Justice }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 .
\par 
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\b0\ulnone\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10767931\charrsid8785242 [1]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10767931\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 This appeal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12980997\charrsid8785242 
 arises out of an administrative adjudication hearing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4194771\charrsid8785242 resulting in Respondent-Appellee Guam Board of Dental Examiners (the \'93Board\'94
) imposing discipline upon Petitioner-Appellant Dr. Hugh Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812120\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4194771\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13851868\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule sought relief fro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 m the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018982\charrsid8785242 lower court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242  through a petition for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid208188\charrsid8785242 writ of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 
administrative mandate on grounds that his due process rights were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12190465\charrsid8785242 violated, that the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12190465\charrsid8785242 s findings were not supported by substantial evidence,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242  and that the discipline imposed was excessive or unauthorized by law.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018982\charrsid8785242 lower court }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 denied Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 s petition}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 , upholding the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 s order}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12190465\charrsid8785242 
thereafter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 filed a motion for reconsideration, which the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15018982\charrsid8785242 lower court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242  similarly denied.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid223681\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule appeals
 from this denial of the writ petition and the reconsideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 For the reasons discussed herein, we hold that the imposition of attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 s fees was unauthorized, and therefore vacate the part of the judgment imposing attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 s fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809945\charrsid8785242 We affirm the judgment in all other respects. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3418876 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid6882945\charrsid3418876 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3418876 {\b\insrsid9187013\charrsid3418876 I.}{\b\insrsid8785242\charrsid3418876  }{\b\insrsid8418287\charrsid3418876 FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND}{
\b\insrsid1248865\charrsid3418876 
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10767931\charrsid8785242 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10767931\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\
r 1}}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \psz1\sbknone\linex0\headery1440\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9794923\sftnbj {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Dr. Hugh Sule }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 
is a dentist}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  who was licensed to practice dentistry in Guam and a principal of Gentle Dental Care Clinic (\'93Gentle Care\'94). After being interviewed by Gentle Care}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 s office administrator, Robert Loeb}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812120\charrsid8785242 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  Sarah Swank was hired by Dr. Sule to work at Gentle Care. Swank had previously worked as a dental assistant in Florida and Georgia, but at the time she was hired by Dr. Sule, sh
e had not obtained a Guam license to work as a dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074327\charrsid8785242 Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94
) at 11-12 (Submission of Hearing Transcripts (\'93Hr\rquote g Tr.\'94), Jan. 31, 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  There is some dispute as to what }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 
position }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Swank was actually hired as, initially.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 According t
o Dr. Sule, Swank was hired as a sterilization technician (\'93steritech\'94) because he knew she was not licensed as a dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716777\charrsid8785242 
No special training or lice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242 nsure is required for steritechs, and steritechs do not interact with patients.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242  Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242 s Excerpts of Record (\'93ER\'94)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242  91}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  (Excerpts of Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074327\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16320773\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 Jan. 31, 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Swank, on the other hand, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 understood that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
 she was hired as a dental assistant, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 claims }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
that Dr. Sule never discussed with her what her responsibilities were or that she had to obtain }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 a license}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  from the Board}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13123934\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242 n order to work as a dental assistant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 Tr. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  15, 22.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 Swank testified that she would never have taken a job as a steritech. RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 Tr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 at}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  23. She was paid a wage of $10.50 per hour, which she understood to be the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 prevailing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  starting pay for a dental assistant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242  in Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 
\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 Tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229225\charrsid8785242 42.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242 Moreover, Dr. Sule himself testified that Swank was given the pay of a dental assistant, which is higher than that of a steritech, because he expected that 
she would soon become licensed as a dental assistant. RA,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242  Hr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242  Tr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 at }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13924725\charrsid8785242 86-87.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 s employment with Gentle Care lasted only eleven days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 During}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  the short time she worked for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 Gentle Care}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
, Swank performed several dental procedures that a licensed dental assistant would perform, such as prophylaxis,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4734320\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  Prophylaxis is a \'93
basic . . . above the gum-line cleaning.\'94  ER at 76 }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 (}{\insrsid14444528 Excerpts of }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 Tr.,}{\insrsid14444528  Jan. 31, 2003}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 )}{\insrsid14444528 .
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  gross debridement,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4734320\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528 
 Gross debridement is an oral cleaning procedure that is more in depth than prophylaxis, and involves the removal of heavy tartar and calculus, and the use of a dental instrument called a cavitron.  ER at 77 }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 (}{
\insrsid14444528 Excerpts of }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 Tr.,}{\insrsid14444528  Jan. 31, 2003}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206 )}{\insrsid14444528 .
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  x-rays, and impressions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
Swank also assisted Dr. Sule with fillings, extractions, and a root canal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Further, Swank }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11167888\charrsid8785242 operated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  certain dental equipment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11167888\charrsid8785242  on clinic patients}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 , specifically a cavitron, which Dr. Sule instructed that Swank be trained }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11167888\charrsid8785242 to use}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Some time af
ter Swank left the employ of Dr. Sule, Dr. Sule was served an accusation and statement of charges, alleging that he violated certain provisions of the Dental Practice Act and Board regulations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Before the commencement of the formal hearing, Dr. Sule requested that three Board members}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242 
 -- Dr. Andrew Eusebio, Dr. Jeffrey Johnson, and Dr. Rayner Terlaje --}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  be disqualified from participating in hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242 
s case due to concerns of bias}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 . These three Board members were also members of Pacific Dental Partners}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242  (\'93PDP\'94)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 , a competing group of dentists allegedly hostile toward Dr. Sule. Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 s concerns of bias had to do with this competitive hostility, as well as the purported pecuniary interest that these members had in the outcome of the disciplinary proceedings. Dr. Eusebi
o voluntarily recused himself, but the other two remained on his case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule also sought the disqualification of the administrative hearing officer, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912635\charrsid8785242 attorney }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Arthur Barcinas,}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12526981\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  At the time of these proceedings, attorney Arthur Barcinas was not yet a Superior Court judge.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  on claims of appearance of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 partiality}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 
, as a patient of Dr. Jeffrey Johnson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
This motion was also denied, and the hearing commenced on February 13, 2002. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
After the hearing, the hearing officer made his findings, which were adopted by the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
The Board found that Dr. Sule had committed the following violations: that he employed an unlicensed ancillary, that he failed to report this person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 s unauthorized p
ractice of dentistry, that he aided/assisted this person in the unauthorized practice of dentistry, and that he improperly delegated his professional responsibilities to an unlicensed dent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 
al ancillary person. The Board }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 imposed discipline as follows: (1) that Dr. Sule be immediately and indefinitely suspended from the practice of dentistry; (2) that he shall pay a $1000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  fine for each violation; (3) that he shall pay a $50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .00}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  fine for each working day that the violations occurred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule was given the option of suspending }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716777\charrsid8785242 this discipline}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
, provided he comply with the following conditions: (1) that he take and pass a written jurisprudence exam within }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 ninety }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
days of the order; (2) that he pay attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 s fees of the Board counsel and costs incurred by the Boa
rd as a result of these proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 In addition to these, the Board ordered that Dr. Sule be publicly reprimanded within }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 ninety }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 days of the order. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule filed a Pe
tition for Writ of Administrative Mandate with the Superior Court, seeking an order of the court commanding the Board to set aside its findings}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716777\charrsid8785242  of fact and conclusions of law}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242  and its order of discipline. The lower court denied the peti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13899873\charrsid8785242 tion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074327\charrsid8785242  on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 September 19, 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 
. Dr. Sule thereafter filed a Motion for Reconsideration, which the lower court also denied }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074327\charrsid8785242 on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 February 20, 2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14686768\charrsid8785242 
Final judgment was entered on July 23, 2007, and Dr. Sule timely filed a notice of appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1248865 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 II}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8418287\charrsid8785242 JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [7]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 This c
ourt has jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to 48 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 S}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242  \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5537598\charrsid8785242 through Pub.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5537598\charrsid8785242 L. 110-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 207 (2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 )); 7 GCA \'a7\'a7
 3107 (b) and 3108 (a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 III}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8418287\charrsid8785242 STANDARD OF REVIEW}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\
r 1}}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \psz1\sbknone\linex0\headery1440\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9794923\sftnbj {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 The denial of a writ is reviewed for abuse of discretion. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 Dep}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 t of Agri}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242 c.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  v. Civil Serv}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 .}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  Com}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242 m}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 , 2007 Guam 21, \'b6 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6445860\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 The denial of a motion for reconsideration is reviewed for abuse of discretion. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 Ward v. Reyes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 , 1998 Guam 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242  \'b6 10}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 . This petition was brought before the lower court seeking administrative mandate, pursuant to 5 GCA \'a7 9241, rather than }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196221\charrsid8785242 
as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 writ for ordinary mandate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 
In a majority of appellate courts, the standard of review on appeal from the denial of a writ of mandate as to an administrative adjudication is the same as the scope of review that the trial court applied to the agency}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 s findings.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799428\charrsid8785242 
 See Norton v. San Bernadino City Unified Sch. Dist.,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799428\charrsid8785242  69 Cal. Rptr. 3d 917, 927 (2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 In the case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 Fagan v. Dell}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 Isola}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 , 2006 Guam 11, which was an appeal of a review of an administrative decision, this court stated that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 \'93[t]he trial court was required to review }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 
 the Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 s conclusions of law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 The trial court was also required to affirm the Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 s findings of fact, and any conclusions resulting therefrom, if supported by substantial evidence.\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242  at \'b6 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 This court then went on to state that \'93
[o]ur inquiry in effect mirrors the review which should be conducted by the trial court.\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242  at \'b6 12.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 S}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242 ee}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242  also
}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8587930\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 Anserv Ins. Servs., Inc. v. Kelso}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 
, 99 Cal. Rptr. 2d 357, 362 (Ct. App. 2000) (Generally, the standard of review on appeal of the trial court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 
s determination is the substantial evidence test.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 However, pure questions of law that were determined by the trial 
court based on undisputed facts are reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310657\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393201\charrsid8785242 ).}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122922 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751886\charrsid8785242 When}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  the decision of an agency substantially affects a fundamental vested right}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751886\charrsid8785242  of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 petitioner, then some courts have held that the lower court should a
pply an independent judgment standard, which requires the lower court to weigh the evidence and make its own independent determination as to whether the administrative decision should be upheld. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 See Clare v. State }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242 Bd}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 .}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 of Accountancy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 , 10 Cal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 App.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 4th 294, 300 (1992). California authority holds that, in its exercise of independent judgment, lower courts must determine whether the agency}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 s decision is supported b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716777\charrsid8785242 
y the weight of the evidence (a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 standard greater than substantial evidence).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 See Anton v. San Antonio }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 Cmty. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 Hos}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 p.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  567 P.2d 1162, 1172 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716777\charrsid8785242 Cal. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 1977)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196221\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11751886 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 However, the less deferential standard of \'93
independent judgment\'94 and weight of the evidence that California courts have said should apply when trial courts review an administrative determination substantially affecting a vested right comes from California}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 s pertinent statutes, and thus is a rule created by that state}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 s legislature. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 Cal. Code of Civ. Proc. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 \'a7 1094.5(c)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242  (West 2007)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 ; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 S}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 ee generally Bixby v. Pierno}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 , 481 P.2d 242}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 , 246-47}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  (Cal. 1971).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 
s pertinent statute, on the other hand, provides that an agency}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 
s determination shall be conclusive if it is in accordance with the law and supported by }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 substantial evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 5 GCA \'a7 9239 (Administrative Adjudication Law).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 Moreover, our Administrative Adjudication Law also states, regarding judicial review of an agency}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 s decisions, that a decision not in accordance with the law or supported by }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 substantial evidence }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 shall be subject to an order of the court directing the agency to take proper action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 5 GCA \'a7 9240. Thus, the substantial evidence test}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388357\charrsid8785242  as put forth by Guam law}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  is the proper test when }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388357\charrsid8785242 the lower court reviews}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388357\charrsid8785242 actions of an administrative board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8617577 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122922\charrsid8785242 Hence, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242 the lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242 s legal conclusion that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 s due process rights were }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242 not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 violated by an unfair administrative hearing is reviewed }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 . }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812120\charrsid8785242 Fagan, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812120\charrsid8785242 2006 Guam 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242  at \'b6 11; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 Guam Election Comm}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 n v. Responsible Choices }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242 for}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242  Adults Coal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 ., 2007 Guam 20 \'b6 86 (\'93Whether a constitutional right has been violated is reviewed }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 .\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7820863\charrsid8785242 However, the factual findings underlying this determination are reviewed for whether they are supported by substantial evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242 Fagan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192\charrsid8785242 , 2006 Guam 11 at \'b6 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8812120\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122922\charrsid8785242 Moreover}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12388357\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 
the standard of review at the appellate level remains the substantial evidence test, regardless of the nature of the right affected.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 
Nightlife Partners v. City of Beverly Hills}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8939429\charrsid8785242 133 Cal. Rptr. 2d 234, 240}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8939429\charrsid8785242 Ct. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12663864\charrsid8785242 2003).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14625192 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013\charrsid8785242 IV.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8418287\charrsid8785242 DISCUSSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9187013 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242  SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}\sectd \psz1\sbknone\linex0\headery1440\titlepg\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid9794923\sftnbj {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169877\charrsid8785242 Due Process Rights in Administrative P}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 roceedings}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 \tab Dr. Sule argues that his due process rights w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10169877\charrsid8785242 
ere violated because the Board }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 suspended his license to practice dentistry without affording him a fair hearing.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15407870\charrsid8785242 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528 
 Counsel for Dr. Sule informed the court at oral argument that Dr. Sule\rquote s license to practice dentistry remains active until disposition of this appeal.
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242  Dr. Sule raises the follo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696809\charrsid8785242 wing bases for this argument: (1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 
) that two of the Board members were biased against him and had adverse pecuniary interest in the outcome of the proceedings, and that a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 
recused Board member improperly participated in the proceedings; (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696809\charrsid8785242 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 
) that the administrative hearing officer was biased against him because he was a patient of one of the challenged Board members; and (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696809\charrsid8785242 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 ) that there was improper ex parte communications between counsel for the Board and the administrative hearing officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 The lower court found th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501810\charrsid8785242 at none of these bases merited }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 
the issuance of the writ.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 Whether D
r. Sule was denied a fair hearing, and thus denied his due process rights, is a question of law reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 . }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122922\charrsid8785242 Responsible Choices For Adults Coal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122922\charrsid8785242 ., 2007 Guam 20 \'b6 86; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 Anserv}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322813\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322813\charrsid8785242 99 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 362}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 Clark v. City of Hermosa Beach}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322813\charrsid8785242 56 Cal Rptr. 2d 223, 233}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12322813\charrsid8785242 Ct. App. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 1996) (review of administrative procedural issues in mandamus proceedings is }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 de novo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6181153\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
Guam law is not clear on what the standard is to disqualify administrative adjudicators}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid333709\charrsid8785242 , although our Administrative Adjudication Law seems to suggest an actual bias standard}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid333709\charrsid8785242 S}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242 ee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242  9 GCA \'a7 9222}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14052605\charrsid8785242  (2005)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid333709\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242 (\'93A hearing officer or agency member shall voluntarily disqualify himself and withdraw from any case }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242 in which he cannot accord a fair and impartial hearing or consideration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242 .\'94)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid333709\charrsid8785242  (emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983258\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
We do know that the disqualification of judges is based on an appearance of impropriety standard. Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
s judicial disqualification statutes call for the disqualification of a judge or justice in any proceeding in which his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 
her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242  impartiality might reasonably be questioned. 7 GCA \'a7 6105(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  (2005)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2977388\charrsid8785242 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 see}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2977388\charrsid8785242 Ada v. Gutierrez}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2977388\charrsid8785242 , 2000 Guam 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242  \'b6 12; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 Dizon v. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 Super. Ct.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1124828\charrsid8785242  (People)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 , 1998 Guam 3 \'b6 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 A judge or justice may also be disqualified if he}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 she}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242  has a personal bias toward a party. 7 GCA \'a7
 6105(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 (1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 \'93Guam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 s rule on judicial disqualification is based upon the federal law.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 Ada v. Gutierrez}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 , 2000 Guam 22 \'b6 12, n.2 (citing 28 U.S.C. \'a7 455(a) (1986)).}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11411873\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid9243828 Title 7}{\insrsid14444528  GCA \'a7}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid9243828  6105, }{\insrsid14444528 
which sets forth the grounds for judicial disqualification, }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid9243828 is patterned after 28 U.S.C. \'a7 455, but does not contain subsection (e)}{\insrsid14444528  of the federal statute}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid9243828 
, which calls for automatic disqualification}{\insrsid14444528  in certain specified circumstances}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid9243828 .}{\insrsid14444528  While the }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid13851868 grounds}{\insrsid14444528  for disqualification}{
\insrsid14444528\charrsid678206  are}{\insrsid14444528  based on the federal statute,}{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid14951333  }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid12078075 Van Dox v. Super. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Ct.}{\i\insrsid14444528 
{\*\xmlclose},}{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid12078075  }{\insrsid14444528 2008 Guam 7 \'b6 31, the procedure for disqualification found in 7 GCA \'a7 6107 is derived from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}
California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} law. }{\i\insrsid14444528 Van Dox (Alcorn)}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid2965453 , 2008 Guam 7 }{\insrsid14444528 \'b6 25 n.11.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
 As applied to matters of judicial disqualification, Guam applies a reasonable person standard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 Dizon}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 , 1998 Guam 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1511361\charrsid8785242  \'b6 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 ; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 Ada v. Gutierrez,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242  2000 Guam 22}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1511361\charrsid8785242  \'b6 12}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 see also }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 People v. Johnny}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10037555\charrsid8785242 , 2006 Guam 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1511361\charrsid8785242  \'b6 20;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 United States v. Cherry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 , 330 F.3d 658, 665 (4th Cir. 2003) (finding that the relevant inquiry is whet
her a reasonable person would have a reasonable basis for questioning the judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
s impartiality, not whether the judge is impartial); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 United States v. Antar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
, 53 F.3d 568, 576 (3d Cir. 1995) (finding that in determining whether a judge had a duty to disqualify, the focus of the recusal court \'93must be on the reaction of the reasonable observer\'94)}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 , }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 abrogated }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 on other grounds by Smith v. Berg}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 , 247 F.3d 532 (3d Cir. 2001). Hence, in matters of judicial disqualification \'93[t]he judge does not have to be }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
subjectively}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242  biased or prejudiced, so long as he }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 appears}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
 to be so.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 Litek}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 y v. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 , 510 U.S.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696809\charrsid8785242  540, 553 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 n.2 (1994) (emphasis in original). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
However, in the instant case, the call for disqualification does not have to do with a judge or justice, but rather with administrative adjudicators.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
s pertinent statutes and rules do not set forth guidelines for disqualifying administrative hearing adjudicators the way we have for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 jurists}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 . Because Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 substantive }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 judicial disqualification statutes are based o
n federal law, a review of how the disqualification of administrative hearing officers is treated by federal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 courts would be instructive}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9243828\charrsid8785242 
Citing a string of Tenth Circuit cases, one court has stat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 ed:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 
[A] substantial showing of personal bias is required to disqualify a hearing officer or tribunal in order to obtain a ruling that the hearing is unfair.\'94 }{\cs24\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 Roberts v. Morton,}{
\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242  549 F.2d 158, 164 (10th Cir.1976)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 , cert. denied, }{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 
434 U.S. 834, 98 S.}{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7619393\charrsid8785242  }{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 Ct. 121, 54 L.Ed.}{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2773333\charrsid8785242  2}{
\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 d 95 (1977)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 
. Tribunals enjoy a presumption that they are not biased unless it is substantially demonstrated that they are actually biased with respect to factual issues being adjudicated. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 See, e.g., 
}{\cs24\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 Mangels v. Pena}{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 , 789 F.2d 836, 838 (10th Cir.1986)}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 ; see also }{\cs24\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 Harline v. Drug Enforcement Admin}{\cs24\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393499\charrsid8785242 .
}{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 , 148 F.3d 1199, 1204 (10th Cir.1998)}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7102816\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 L.C. and K.C. v. Utah State Bd. of Educ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 ., 188 F.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 Supp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 2d 1330, 1338 (D. Utah 2002).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 The Ninth Circuit joined }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242 other }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 federal circuits }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696809\charrsid8785242 which have held}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  that the \'93appearance of impropriety\'94 standard set forth in 28 USC \'a7 455, upon which Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 substantive }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 
judicial disqualification statute is based, is inapplicable in administrative hearing settings. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 See Bunnell v. Barnhart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 
, 336 F.3d 1112}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 , 1114}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  (9th Cir. 2003). Echoing the rationale pronounced by the Second Circuit and Tenth Circuit, the court }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 here }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 stated that because administrative adjudicators are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 
generally }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 affiliated with the agency whose actions they review, it would be impractical to allow disqualification on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12386889\charrsid8785242 the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  appearance of impropriety standard of 28 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 S}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  \'a7 455(a). }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  Th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  court further stated that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 
Our holding finds further support in the federal regulation concerning the recusal of an administrative law judge. }{\cs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 20 C.F.R. \'a7 404.940}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 . The regulation provides that an administrative law judge }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242 
shall not conduct a hearing if he or she is prejudiced or partial with respect to any party or has any interest in the matter pending for decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7436692\charrsid8785242  This regulation mentions only actual prejudice; not
hing in this regulation mandates recusal for the mere appearance of impropriety. On this basis, this court holds that actual bias must be shown to disqualify an administrative law judge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  at 1115.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The Seventh Circuit has similarly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242 stated}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307571\charrsid8785242 
[W]e begin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  with the presumption that the hearing officer is unbiased. . . . It is only after a petitioner has demonstrated that the decisionmaker }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9645244\charrsid8785242 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 displayed deep-seated and unequivocal antagonism that would render fair judgment impossible}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  that the presumption is rebutted. . . .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Keith v. Barnhart}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 473 F.3d 782, 788 (7th Cir. 2007)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242  (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 Likety v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14949012\charrsid8785242 
, 510 U.S. 540, 556 (1994))}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336319\charrsid8785242 We agree that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 the standard that should apply in determining whether the Board members and hearing officer in t
his case had a disqualifying bias is the higher standard of actual bias. In adopting this standard for administrative adjudicators, we also espouse the rationale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 pronounced in the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Bunnell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  opinion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242  \endash 
 that it is impractical to apply an appearance of impropriety standard to a proceeding in which members of the same profession in a small local area are called upon to judge another member of their profession}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Hence, in order to prove that an adjudi
cator is biased, there must be a concrete showing that bias actually exists.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14052605\charrsid8785242 Andrews v. Agric.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Labor Relations Bd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 623 P.2d 151, 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307571\charrsid8785242 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (1981)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 Breakzone Billiards v. City of Torrance}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 97 Cal. Rptr. 2d 467, 493}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242  (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 Ct. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 2000)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Indeed, a party}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s unilateral perceptions of an appearance of bias cannot be a ground for disqualification}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242 . . .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 Andrews, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242 623 P.2d at 157.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 As one court has stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Every person is entitled to an impartial hearing in an administrative setting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
A[n] [adjudicator] shall be disqualified where bias has been shown; however, the appearance of impropriety shall not constitute bias and shall not be grounds for disqualification. [Adjudicators] are presumed to be free from bias.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Moreover, mere allegations of impartiality are insufficient to set aside an administrative determination.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 There must be a factual demonstration supporting the allegation and proof that the outcome flowed from it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Goldsmith v. De Buono}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 665 N.Y.S.2d 727, 731}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (N.Y.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242  App. Div.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  1997) (
internal quotation marks and citations omitted); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 see also Pavlik v. Chinle Unified }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 Sch. Dist. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 No. 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 985 P.2d 633, 637 (Ariz.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242  Ct. App.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  1999) (mere speculation regarding bias will not suffice to disqualify an adjudicator)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 .}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  }{\i\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 Compare}{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975  }{\i\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 
United States v. Inman}{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 , 20 M.J. 773, 775 (ACMR 1985) }{\fs20\insrsid14444528 (}{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 \'93\lquote Actual}{\fs20\insrsid14444528 \rquote }{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 
 bias may be shown by express admission or by proof of specific facts which point so sharply to bias in a member that his own denials . . . must be discounted.\'94).}{\fs22\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975   }{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 
This case involves the bias of a hearing officer sitting on a court martial.  Although }{\fs20\insrsid14444528 the proceedings are not}{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975  directly analogous}{\fs20\insrsid14444528 
 to the case currently before this court}{\fs20\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 , the reasoning may be instructive.}{\fs22\insrsid14444528\charrsid6952975 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336319 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336319\charrsid8785242 
Having adopted the standard for disqualification of administrative adjudicators, we now apply }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 de novo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  review of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s claims that the administrative hearing was procedurally unfair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336319\charrsid8785242 
because (1) two of the Board members were biased against him and had adverse pecuniary interests in the outcome of the proceedings, and that a recused Board membe
r improperly participated in the proceedings; (2) the administrative hearing officer was biased against him because he was a patient of one of the challenged Board members; and (3) there was improper ex parte communications between counsel for the Board a
nd the administrative hearing officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 1. Alleged Bias}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13336319\charrsid8785242  and Improper Participation}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 of Board Members}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Dr. Sule first alleges that two of the Board members \endash  namely Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje \endash 
 should have been disqualified from participating in his hearing because up until a few days before the hearing, they were both members of PDP, a competing dental group to which Dr. Kaneshiro, one of the prosecuting witnesses, belonged.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule argues the
 business relationship that Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje shared with Dr. Kaneshiro would lead them to assign more credibility to Dr. Kaneshiro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s testimony, which conflicted with the testimony of Dr. Sule.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
This, Dr. Sule asserts, prevented the two challenged Board members from making a fair and impartial determination of Dr. Kaneshiro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s credibility.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Br.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073465\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In addition to this, Dr. Sule also raises an allegation of bias against these same challenged Board members because of their affiliation with PDP, a group in direct competition with Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 
\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s practice, asserting that these Board members had pecuniary interests adverse to his.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule also alleges that Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje had each, on separate occasions, made threatening or disparaging remarks to Dr. Sule, Dr. Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s employees, and others about Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s practice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Br.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073465\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The only evidence before this court to this effect came by way of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s own declaration. ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 49-50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16529241\charrsid8785242  (Aff. of Dr. Hugh Sule)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
A review of the evidence presented reveals that Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje did belong to a group of dentists to which Dr. Sule did not belong.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 In that sense, it may be said that they were competitors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
However, as the lower court aptly noted, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
[i]n order for the adjudicators involved to have had a pecuniary interest, the financial impact must have been direct and significant, and not remote, contingent, or uncertain.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 123 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242 (Dec. & Order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 , Sept. 19}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 2005); }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 see}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 S}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Cal. Underground Contractors, Inc. v. City of San Diego}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 133 Cal. Rptr. 2d 547, 549}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6952975\charrsid8785242 Ct. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 2003);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3541581\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14307571\charrsid8785242 cf.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Withrow v. Larkin}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 421 U.S. 35, 47 (1975) (where an adjudicator has a pecuniary interest in the outcome of the proceedings, then the probability of actual bias is too high to be constitutionally tolerable)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid678206\charrsid8785242 ;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Tumey v. Ohio, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 273 U.S. 510}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810317\charrsid8785242 , 523}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (1927)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810317\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The mere fact that these two challenged Board members, formerly members of PDP, may in a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 general}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 sense have been competitors of Dr. Sule supports only a tenuous claim of bias, at best. A review of the excerpted pages of the 2004 Guam Phone Book contains over eight pages of listings for dentists apart from PDP.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078075\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
107-115}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15744319\charrsid8785242  (App. 2 to Reply Mem., Mar. 26, 2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 It can hardly be said that competition }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 specifically }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
from one group of dentists to which roughly one dozen dentists belong (ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579113\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  105}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7546059\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15744319\charrsid8785242 (App. 1 to Reply Mem., Mar. 26, 2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
) would create such a direct and significant financial impact to conclude that Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje had adverse pecuniary interests and were thus biased adjudicators. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 [M]ere theoretical competition alone has never been a sufficient predicate for an inductive conclusion of probable economic bias.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Rite Aid Corp. v. Bd. of Pharmacy of State of N.J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 421 F.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579113\charrsid8785242 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Supp. 1161, 1169 (D.C.N.J. 1976).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab As further evidence of their bias against him, Dr. Sule asserts that D
r. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje had each made threatening or disparaging comments about Dr. Sule and his practice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The evidence presented regarding this argument comes from Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s declaration, wherein he states that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Terlaje has told employees of mine that \lquote you shouldn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 t be messing with us}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 referring to business competition between my clinic and the PDP.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5462305\charrsid8785242 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579113\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5462305\charrsid8785242 49}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7756875\charrsid8785242  (Aff. of Dr. Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2579113\charrsid8785242 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5462305\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Other remarks that Dr. Sule attributes to Dr. Terlaje is a statement that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 I feel Hugh Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s hand in my pocket everyday.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5462305\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In addition, Dr. Sule declares that Dr. Johnson has referred to him as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 loose cannon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  and told Dr. Sule that he should stop trying to compete with the PDP because PDP dentists }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 run things}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  in Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
These, however, fall short of the evidence of actual bias necessary to disqualify these Board members as adjudicators.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15205647\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528 
 Actual bias may arise where the adjudicator has a pecuniary interest in the outcome of the proceedings or where the adjudicator has been the target of personal abuse by the party appearing before him.  }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid15205647 See }{
\i\insrsid14444528 Withrow, }{\insrsid14444528 421 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 at 47.  An example of facts that tip the scale toward a finding of actual bias can be found in }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 Esso Standard Oil Co. v. Mujica Cotto}{\insrsid14444528 , 327 F. Supp. 2
d 110 (D.P.R. 2004).  Although not decided on these grounds, the court found that the evidence of actual bias in that case to be overwhelming such that the adjudicators could not be impartial. }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid16267506 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 130. In that case, the oil company was issued 
an order to show cause  (OSC) why it should not be fined nearly $76,000.00 for soil and water contamination. }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid11810317 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 119. The hearing officer assigned to hear the OSC was an attorney contracted and paid by the agency, and whose contract with the agency contained a clause stating that she owed complete loyalty to the agency. }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid11810317 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}  Further, her contract stated that she may be terminated without cause.  }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.  By the terms of the board\rquote s enabling act, all the monies from the $76,000.
00 fine would go directly into a special account administered by the agency, and this account would be at the disposal of the agency. }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid11810317 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{
\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 115. The hearing officer, therefore, was presiding over a hearing to determine whether the oil company would have to pay a large fine, which the agency would get to spend afterwards. }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}  The amount of the proposed fine was more than double the agency\rquote s yearly budget.  }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}  The court stated that \'93[e]xamples are pecuniary interest on the pa
rt of the agency, . . .biased hearing examiners and general unfairness throughout the proceeding\'94 as well as the amount of the fine itself point to the board\rquote s inability to be an unbiased adjudicator.  }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}Id.}{\insrsid14444528 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} at 130.  For another example of a case where the facts  rise to the level of actual bias, see }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid10707728 Riter v. Woonsocket Sch. Dist. No. 55-4}{\insrsid14444528 , 504 N.W.2d 572 (S.D. 1993).}}}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  See DeFries v. Town of Washington, Okl.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 875 F.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810317\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Supp. 756, 766 n.5 (W.D. Okla. 1995) (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 There is a presumption of honesty and integrity in those serving as adjudicators that must be overcome by evidence of actual bias.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Dr. Sule also contends that Dr. Eusebio, who voluntarily recused himself from the proceedings, improperly participat
ed in the proceedings by being present, sitting at the table with other Board members, and passing notes to Board members during the testimony of one defense witness.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073465\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  60-61 (Decl. of Robert Loeb).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 However, others who were present testified that they did not see this conferring taking place.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 The trial court weighed the conflicting evidence and was not persuaded by the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 evidence presented by Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912635\charrsid8785242 Under a substantial evidence standard of review, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 his is the province of the trial court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8866944\charrsid8785242 An}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  appellate c
ourt must not do its own weighing of the evidence or substitute its factual determinations for that of the lower court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Goldsmith}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11810317\charrsid8785242 665 N.Y.S.2d at 730-31 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
(reviewing courts should not weigh conflicting testimony, as these matters are within the province of the fact finder).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Alleged Bias of the Administrative Hearing Officer}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Similar to Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s contention that Dr. Johnson and Dr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 Terlaje were biased, Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  argues
 that the administrative hearing officer was biased because he was a dental patient of Dr. Johnson.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The court finds that this claim also does not rise to the level of a concrete demonstration of bias such that Dr. Sule was denied a fair hearing and his due process rights were violated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Essentially, Dr. Sule contends that because he attacked Dr. Johnson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s credibility during the proceedings, and the hearing officer was a patient of Dr. Johnson, then this affected the hearing officer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s ability to be fair and impartial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 This allegation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
does not amount to a concrete showing of bias on the part of the hearing officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Andrews}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 623 P.2d at 157; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Valley v. Rapides Parish Sch. Bd.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 118 F.3d 1047}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15619767\charrsid8785242 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 1052 (5th Cir. 1997) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 [B]ias by an adjudicator is not lightly established.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Upon a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  review of these }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912635\charrsid8785242 legal }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 claims of bias, none of these amounts to a concrete demonstration of actual bias required for disqualification. As such, the lower court did not err in so finding.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6882945 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 3.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Alleged Improper Ex Parte Communication}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Finally, with regard to Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s claim that he was denied a fair hearing, Dr. Sule asserts that there was improper ex parte communication between the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s counsel, Cesar Cabot, and the administrative hearing officer. This issue, however, was not raised before the Board, nor was it raised before the lower court in Dr. Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s writ petition.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 It was not until Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s motion for reconsideration that this allegation was made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Evidence of the improper ex parte 
communication, according to Dr. Sule, can be found in Mr. Cabot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s billing records, which showed six instances of contact with the hearing officer during the relevant time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393989\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 129-32 (Professional Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1509407\charrsid8785242 I}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 nvoice).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6882945\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [30]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 However, as the lower court fou
nd in its review, these contacts listed in Mr. Cabot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s invoice had been explained and clarified in such a way as to dispel the notion that these contacts were improper ex parte communications. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15619767\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  134-35 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242 (Dec. & Order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ). The lower court made its findings of fact on this point based on information from Mr. Cabot}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s deposition that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 such communication involved administrative matters, i.e. scheduling.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12458982\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  134 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242 (Dec. & Order}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 According to Mr. Cabot}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s deposition testimony,
 though he could not recall every specific instance, these communications likely dealt with administrative matters, as he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
would not have discussed any merits of any particular pending motions or matters that were assigned to the hearing officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  RA, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16393989\charrsid8785242 Ex. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  to Decl. of Mitchell F. Thompson (Dep. of Cesar Cabot)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12458982\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 14 (filed April 6, 2006). Mr. Cabot further testified that one of the entries was actually }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 an erroneous entry that should have read, 
\lquote letter to Attorney Mitch Thompson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  with a CC to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5442267\charrsid8785242 [the hearing officer].}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5442267\charrsid8785242  RA, Dep}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . of Cesar Cabot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12458982\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  18}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4209374\charrsid8785242  (March 23, 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
. Based on the explanations proffered by the Board, through deposition of its counsel, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 the allegations of impropriety were reviewed and rejected by the trial court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 There}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 was no error in the lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s finding that the facts do not support a claim of improper ex parte communication.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [31]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Evaluating Dr. Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s various claims, there is no evidence of actual bias required to establish that the hearing was procedurally unfair
 due to adjudicator bias. The evidence presented by Dr. Sule in support of his assertion that there was bias was insufficient to establish that the former business relationship that Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje shared with prosecution witness Dr. Kaneshiro
 
caused them to be biased against Dr. Sule during the proceeding, and that these members had an adverse pecuniary interest in the outcome of the proceeding. Both Dr. Johnson and Dr. Terlaje had stated that they could do their jobs as Board members fairly a
nd impartially.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Because of the mandate the Board members have through the Dental Practice Act and the Guam Administrative Rules to regulate the conduct of those within their profession,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  }{
\insrsid14444528\charrsid7613674 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Guam{\*\xmlclose} statutory law and administrativ}{\insrsid14444528 e rules provide that a body of }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid7613674 
licensed dental practitioners operates as a regulatory agency for the dental community.}{\insrsid14444528  10 GCA \'a7\'a7 12400-12480.  }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid139928 See also}{\insrsid14444528  5 GCA \'a7 9102 (\'93
The word agency whenever used in this Chapter, shall include }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid7108552 any board}{\insrsid14444528 , commission, department, division, bureau, or officer of the territory of Guam }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid7108552 
authorized by law to make rules or adjudicate contested cases}{\insrsid14444528 .\'94) (emphasis added).  }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 members should not be removed from hearing a matter absent a clear, demonstrable showing that an actual bias exists. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Goldsmith,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15619767\charrsid8785242 665 N.Y.S.2d at 731}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . Similarly, the findings and orders of the Board should not be disturbed absent such a showing of bias, and a demonstration that the adverse rulings flowed from the bias.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Likewise, the mere fact that the administrative
 hearing officer was a patient of one of the challenged Board members simply does not, without more, amount to evidence of actual bias. Looking at the course of the proceedings and the substantial evidence presented (discussed }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073465\charrsid8785242 below}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
), the actions of the hearing officer as well as the outcome of the proceedings cannot be said to have flowed from any claimed bias. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 [33]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794923\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 With regard to Dr. Sule}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s claim of improper ex parte communication, while there is no Board decision to review, the 
lower court did make certain factual findings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The lower court found that there was a satisfactory, reasonable explanation for all of the entries noted in Mr. Cabot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s invoice indicating contact between himself and the hearing officer: With the exception of
 one entry which was a clerical error, the entries pertained to either communications in which Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s counsel was also involved or included, or they were contacts made merely for administrative/scheduling purposes and not regarding the merits of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s case. RA, Dep. of Cesar Cabot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12458982\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 18, 20-23; ER }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4209374\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  137-138 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10753929\charrsid8785242 (Dec. & Order}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ). The lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s factual determinations will not be disturbed on appeal so long as they are supported by substantial evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Griffiths}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 117 Cal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2965453\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242  Rptr. 2d at 452}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Anserv}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242  99 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 362.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8787014 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 B. Substantial Evidence of Misconduct}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [34]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The Board found that Dr. Sule had committed four of the five charges that were brought against him}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11286424\charrsid8785242 The findings included }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 that Dr. Sule employed an unlicensed ancillary, he failed to report this person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s unauthorized practice of dentistry, he aided/assisted this person in the unauthorized practice of dentistry, and he improperly delegated his professional responsibilities to 
an unlicensed dental ancillary person.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In his writ petition filed with the lower court, Dr. Sule argued that there was no substantial evidence presented during the hearing to support the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s findings of misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [35]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab When an appellate court review
s factual determinations made during an administrative board hearing, the standard of review is whether there was substantial evidence that the pertinent statutes or regulations were violated.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  }{\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 Dr. Sule asserts that a clear and convincing evidence standar
d should apply for hearings to revoke a professional license. }{\insrsid14444528 Appellant\rquote s Br. at}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299  16-18}{\insrsid14444528  (Sept. 21, 2007)}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 
. However, this court has established in }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 Bondoc}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 
 that the standard of appellate review of such findings of an administrative board is whether there was substantial evidence to support the findings.  }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 Bondoc}{\insrsid14444528\charrsid8535299 , 2000 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}Guam{\*\xmlclose} 6.}{\insrsid14444528 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Bondoc v. Worker}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Com}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5442267\charrsid8785242 p.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 Comm}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 2000 Guam 6 \'b6 6. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9645244\charrsid8785242 This}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  is defined as }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 
quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 Richardson v. Perales}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16385836\charrsid8785242 , 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [36]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s denial of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s petition for a writ of administrative mandate is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Id.;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dep}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 t of Agric}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  v. Civil }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Serv. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Co}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 m}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 m}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 2007 Guam 21 \'b6 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 If}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  there is substantial evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242  in the record}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 to support the factual findings of the lower court, these findings will not be disturbed on appeal.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Klajic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 109 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 460}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
. As stated previously, an appellate court must not do its own weighing of the evidence or substitute its factual determinations for that of the lower court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Goldsmith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 665 N.Y.S.2d at 730-31 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid139928\charrsid8785242 explaining that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 reviewing courts sh
ould not weigh conflicting testimony, as these matters are within the province of the fact finder).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
This court must confine its review to whether the lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s factual determinations were supported by substantial evidence in deciding whether the lower court abused its discretion in denying the petition for writ of administrative mandate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Applying this standard, we find that the lower court did not abuse its discretion when it found no merit in Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s claim of insufficient evidence of misconduct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 On 
the contrary, there appears in the record substantial evidence to support the lower court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s findings of fact.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule employed an unlicensed dental ancillary}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11434818\charrsid8785242 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [37]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The fi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14754542\charrsid8785242 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 st violation the Board found that Dr. Sule committed is that he employed an unlicensed dental ancillary, which is deemed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 unprofessional conduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  by Guam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Dental Practice Act. 10 GCA \'a7 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11882860\charrsid8785242 12417}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s Professional and Vocational Regulations define dental ancillary personnel as any dental auxiliary, dental assistant, or dental laboratory technician. 25 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11882860\charrsid8785242 Guam Admin. R. & Regs. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \'a7 8101(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11882860\charrsid8785242  (2004)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [38]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
It is not disputed by the parties that Swank was not licensed in Guam as a dental assistant at the time she was hired by, and during the duration of her employment with, Dr. Sule. There is dis}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
, however, as to whether Swank was actually hired as a dental assistant. Dr. Sule claims that because he knew Swank was not yet licensed in Guam, he hired her only as a steritech, which does not require any type of licensure. ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11882860\charrsid8785242 91}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9138639\charrsid8785242 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16320773\charrsid8785242 Excerpts of Transcript, filed Jan. 31, 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
According to Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s testimony, steritech duties were generally limited to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 knocking down rooms, cleaning them, cleaning instruments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242  . . . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 help[ing] the assistants by bringing them tools, and performing general subs, but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242 . . . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 not touch[ing] patients}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242  . . ..}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 97.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Swank, on the other hand, understood she was being hired as a dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 at }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 75; RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Tr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242 at}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  15.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [39]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Kan
eshiro testified that Dr. Sule stated he hired Swank as an assistant. Dr. Kaneshiro recounted two phone conversations he had with Dr. Sule, during which Dr. Sule made it clear to Dr. Kaneshiro that Swank was an assistant, which he understood to mean denta
l assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Tr. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  57-61.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The following exchange took place during the examination of Dr. Kaneshiro by Board counsel: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Q.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid817799 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Did it appear to you in your discussion or conversation with Dr. Sule, could it have been construed that he was telling you that Sarah Swank was in fact a steritech? 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid817799 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 No, she was an assistant.\tab 
\par Q.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 And he made that very clear to you?
\par A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid139928 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid817799 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 RA, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Tr. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  61.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule himself testified that he was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 very careless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  in hiring Swank. ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784956\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 97}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7546059\charrsid8785242 Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15073465\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4488683 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [40]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Swank testified that as far as she could recall Dr. Sule never discussed with her what her role and responsibilities were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 nor did he discuss with her any licensing requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8339137\charrsid8785242  at 74-75, 85.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s testimony refutes this, as he testified he advised Swank to get licensed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 97.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Though there is some factual dispute as to what Swank was actually hired as, there is 
substantial evidence that Swank was in fact, for all practical purposes, hired as a dental assistant. For instance, Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s starting pay of $10.50 per hour was commensurate with that of a dental assistant rather than a steritech.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528 
 Swank testified that $10.50 per hour was a \'93very good\'94 starting salary for dental assistants in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Guam{\*\xmlclose}. RA, Hr\rquote g Tr. at 42. }{\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid5841775 See also}{\insrsid14444528 
 RA, Hr\rquote g Tr. at 86-87 (Dr. Sule admits that Swank was given the pay of a dental assistant rather than that of a steritech).  Additionally, Swank
 testified that she would not have taken a job as a steritech, which she equated to that of a maid.  RA, Hr\rquote g Tr. at 23.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In addition, Swank, in her testimony, frequently referred to herself as having }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 patients.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " 
}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid139928\charrsid8785242 76-77}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8007760\charrsid8785242 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid139928\charrsid8785242 82}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Swank testified that she 
openly, and almost from the time she was first hired, began interacting with and performing procedures on these patients. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4488683 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [41]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Reasonable minds considering all these facts could surely find the evidence that Swank was hired as a dental assistant to be more compelling than any evidence to the contrary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Moreover, even if the evidence might support two inconsistent conclusions, this does not prevent a finding of substantial evidence in support of the Board}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Towbin v. Bd. of Examiners of Psychologists}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 801 A.2d 851, 859 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Conn. App. Ct. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Indeed, the evidence in this case is such that reasonable minds would find that Swa
nk was hired as a dental assistant, and that Dr. Sule knew she was not at the time of her hire licensed in Guam as such.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Thus, there is }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 substantial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  evidence in the record to support the charge that Dr. Sule employed an unlicensed dental ancillary.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule failed to report Swank}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s unauthorized practice of dentistry}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11434818\charrsid8785242 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid817799\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [42]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
A dentist has a duty to notify the Board when he knows or has reason to believe that a person is in violation of the Dental Practice Act or the rules and regulations of the Board. 25 GAR \'a7 8103(o)(7)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  (1997)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In this case, it would be a violation for Dr. Sule to fail to report Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s unlicensed practice if he knew or had reason to believe she was engaged in such practice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Although Dr. Sule contends that he was not aware Swank was performing functions beyond those of a steritech, the evidence \endash  particularly Swank openly interacting with and performing procedures on patients \endash 
 would lead reasonable minds to conclude that Dr. Sule did know or have reason to believe that Swank was engaged in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
unlicensed practice of dentistry. It is undisputed that Dr. Sule did not report Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s actions to the Board.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Thus, Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s open interaction with and treatment of patients (oftentimes while Dr. Sule was present in the clinic), as well as Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 
\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s failure to report this to the Board, constitutes substantial evidence that Dr. Sule is in violation of this regulation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 3.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule aided/assisted Swank in the unauthorized practice of dentistry}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11434818\charrsid8785242 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [43]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
The Professional and Vocational Regulations of the Guam Administrative Rules makes it a violation to aid, assist, procure, or advise any unlicensed person to practice dentistry contrary to the Dental Practice Act or the regulations of the Board. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 10 GCA \'a7 12417(b)(3); }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 25 GAR \'a7
 8103(o)(8). It is alleged that Swank operated as a dental assistant, for which she was not licensed in Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
A dental assistant is defined in the rules as a person registered with the Board as a Dental Assistant who assists the dentist or provides dental care directly to the patient under the supervision and authorization of a dentist. 25 GAR \'a7 8101(f)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  (1997)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 evidence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  support}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 the contention that Swank performed functions of a dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Swank testified that on mul
tiple occasions, she performed dental procedures such as prophylaxis, gross debridement, x-rays, and impressions. ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
76-79, 82-83}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242  (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . Although in many of these instances, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 testified that she is uncertain whether Dr. Sule was aware that she was treating those specific patients, she did testify that Dr. Sule instructed an auxiliary to train her in the use of certain dental instruments and that Dr. Sule had her assist him wit
h other dental procedures, including a root canal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [44]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Dr. Sule argues that he was unaware that Swank was performing procedures on patients, and that the procedures she assisted him with were performed on their office administrator, who was a non-patient who volunteered to have her work on him. ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  100}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
. The job of this court is not to weigh the evidence anew and make its own determinations of credibility and reach its own conclusions, but to look at the evidence and dete
rmine whether reasonable minds would accept this evidence as adequate to support the conclusion that Dr. Sule aided or assisted Swank in the unauthorized practice of dentistry. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Cf.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Bondoc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 2000 Guam 6 \'b6 11}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242  (finding that substantial evidence supported the commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 s findings of fact because hearing officer heard and observed witnesses personally)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [45]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Evidence of this violation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 
found in the record includes the following:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  Swank testified that Dr. Sule was in the clinic when she was performing prophylaxis
 procedures, and although she cannot say for certain that Dr. Sule was aware she was performing them, she did believe he was.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  76}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242 -77}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 When asked whether Dr. Sule was aware that she was performing gross debridement, Swank stated: }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 I knew he was aware that I was being taught how to do them, not necessarily on that particular patient.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242  at}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  78. Swank testified that because the Gentle Care staff taught her how to do gross debridem}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14120910\charrsid8785242 ents, she assumed that i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s what they expected her to do.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 RA, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 Hr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7306267\charrsid8785242 g }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Tr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 29-30. Regarding being trained to perform gross debridement, Swank stated that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
[Dr. Sule] had instructed the auxiliary to teach me how to use the cavitron because I had never used one before because in the States it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s illegal for me to do that.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  78}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598937\charrsid8785242 (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Swank also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 affirmed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 that she did use the cavitron and other instruments on patients, with the auxiliary popping in and out but not monitoring her performance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242  at}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  79.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [46]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Swank testified that, in addition to the procedures she performed on her own, she also assisted Dr. Sule with other procedures on patients. According to Swank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s testimony before the Board, she assisted Dr. Sule with fillings on more than one occasion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242 at}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  81. She also testified that she assisted Dr. Sule with a root canal and with an extraction, using instruments such as the suctioning device and the air/water syringe.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242 
at 80, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 87}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule denied this, testifying that he would never have allowed Swank to work directly with a patient on an extraction because his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 comfort level on extractions is extremely fragile.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 Id}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 In support of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s claim that he was not aware that Swank was performing unauthorized dental procedures, Elaine Cruz, who was the office manager of Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s clinic during the time Swank was there, submitted a declaration claiming that she never observed Swank working on any patients.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 62-63}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11882860\charrsid8785242  (Decl. of Elaine Cruz)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
. Loeb similarly testified that he never saw Swank perform any procedures on patients, and that although she performed or assisted Dr. Sule with procedures on Loeb, he was a volunteer rather than a patient.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6585202\charrsid8785242  at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 100}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284543\charrsid8785242 (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [47]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Although there was some evidence contradicting Swank}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s testimony, there is substantial evidence to support the factual basis for this charge, and thus the factual determinations of the lower court. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 The}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  evidence that Dr. Sule instructed an auxi
liary to train Swank in the use of the cavitron, that Swank actually did use this and other instruments on patients, that Dr. Sule was present in the office during the time she performed some of these procedures, that Swank assisted Dr. Sule with more tha
n one filling, a root canal, and an extraction, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
adequate to support the conclusion that Dr. Sule aided, assisted, procured, or advised an unlicensed person to practice dentistry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10582565 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 4.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dr. Sule improperly delegated his professional responsibilities to an unlicensed}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dental ancillary person.}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [48]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
It is an act of unprofessional conduct for a dentist to delegate his professional responsibilities to any person whom the dentist knows or has reason to know is not qualified by licensure to perform them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 25 GAR \'a7 8103(o)(20).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
It is not disputed that Swank was, during the entire relevant time, not licensed in Guam as dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Based on the arguments and evidence discussed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2567089\charrsid8785242 above}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , particula
rly the evidence that Dr. Sule allowed Swank to assist him with certain procedures and that he instructed an auxiliary to train Swank in the use of dental instruments she was not licensed to use, there is substantial evidence to support the conclusion tha
t Dr. Sule violated this regulation. The lower court was not in error in so finding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 C. Discipline Imposed by the Board}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [49]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 Whether}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  the discipline imposed on Dr. Sule by the Board was unauthorized by law is a question of law, and consequently is subject to a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  review by this court. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Bondoc}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 2000 Guam 6 \'b6\'b6 7, 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 Whether}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  the penalty, though authorized by law, is excessive is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Catricala v. State }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Pers. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Bd.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 118 Cal. Rptr. 89, 92}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9007592\charrsid8785242 Ct. App. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
1974). Once the Board, through the proper procedural process, has found a dentist in violation, Guam law allows the Board to impose any of the following: (1) place }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dentist on probation; (2) suspend }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dentist}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s license to practice dentistry in Guam; (3) revoke }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 
the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dentist}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s license to practice dentistry in Guam; (4) place limitations on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dentist}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s license to practice dentistry in Guam; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 (5) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 refuse to renew }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dentist}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s license to p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 ractice dentistry in Guam; or (6}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ) take such other disciplinary actions it finds in its discretion to be proper, including assessment of costs of the disciplinary proceedings. 10 GCA \'a7 12417(e)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242  (2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [50]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
The punishment actually imposed by the Board, and affirmed by the lower court, was as follows: (1) that Dr. Sule be immediately and indefinitely suspended from the practice of dentistry; (2) that he shall pay a $1000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242 .00}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  fine for each violation; (3) that he shall pay a $50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242 .00
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  fine for each working day that the violations occurred.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule was given the option of suspending this, provided he comply with the following conditions: (1) that he take and pass a written jurisprudence exam within }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242 ninety }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 days of the order; (2) that he pay attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees 
of the Board counsel and costs incurred by the Board as a result of these proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
In addition to these, the Board ordered that Dr. Sule be publicly reprimanded within }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242 ninety }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 days of the order.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [51]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Because there was substantial evidence to support the lower court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s implicit adoption of the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s factual determinations that Dr. Sule had engaged in unprofessional conduct, it was within the authority of the Board to impose appropriate discipline on Dr. Sule for the four violations he was found to have committed. 10 GCA \'a7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 12417(a)(3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Substantial evidence supports the finding that Dr. Sule had, in fact, employed an unlicensed ancillary, failed to report this person}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s unauthorized practice of dentistry, aided/assisted this person in the unauthorized pract
ice of dentistry, and improperly delegated his professional responsibilities to an unlicensed dental ancillary person}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918477\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Thus, Guam law authorizes the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s imposition of discipline.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 The discipline actually imposed by the Board must be confined to the scop
e of penalties the Board was legally authorized to impose. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid8785242 See}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  10 GCA \'a712417(a)(3), (e); 25 GAR \'a7 8103(p).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 However, even though the Dental Practice Act arguably gives the Board discretion in fashioning an }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402801\charrsid8785242 appropriate order of discipline}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402801\charrsid8785242 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 10 GCA \'a7 12417(e)(6)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4402801\charrsid8785242 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
, such discipline must still conform to general legal principles. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 1.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Assessment of attorney}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees was unauthorized.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [52]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule specifically contends that the Board was without authority to assess attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s fees, as these fees do not qualify as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  within 10 GCA \'a7 12417(e)(6). Dr. Sule posits that, under the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
American Rule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  governing the award of attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees, the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s assessment of such fees against him was improper because it is not specifically authorized by statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 The American Rule
, as clarified by this court in the case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Fleming v. Quigley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242  2003 Guam 4 \'b6 20,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  states that attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees are improper unless authorized by statute, contract, or under equitable circumstances. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Under the American Rule, parties bear their own litigation expenses, including attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  \'b6 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Guam follows the American Rule. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  \'b6\'b6 9-11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [53]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab The term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  may or may not include attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees depending on the underlying statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Marek v. Chesny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 473 U.S. 1 (1985); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
see also Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Dano}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Restaurant }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid8785242 Sys.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , 902 F.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3308515\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Supp. 224, 227 (Fla.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5442267\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 D. 1995) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Therefore, if the underlying statute provides that attorney fees is included within the term \lquote costs,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 then the final judgment includes attorney fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 In the instant case, the underlying statute \endash  the Dental Practice Act \endash  is silent as to whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  as used in 10 GCA \'a7 12417(e) contemplates attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Following the American Rule, absent specific statutory or contractual language to the contrary, the term }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4406111\charrsid8785242 
does not include}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 The Board conceded as much at oral argument.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3809673\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528  }{
\i\insrsid14444528\charrsid3809673 See}{\insrsid14444528  Digital Recording at 10:32:00-10:33:10 (Oral Argument, February 20, 2008).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4406111\charrsid8785242 
Therefore, the imposition of attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4406111\charrsid8785242 s fees against Dr. Sule was in error.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398175 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10582565 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 2.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Remainder of discipline imposed by the Board was not excessive.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [54]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  \tab Apart from his argument that the assessment of attorney}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s fees was unauthorized, Dr. Sule also argues that the discipline imposed was excessive under the circumstances. Whether the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s penalty was excessively harsh is reviewed by this court for an abuse of discretion. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Although neither a trial court nor an appellate court is free to substitute its discretion for that of an administrative agency concerning the degree of punishmen
t imposed, a penalty determination may be set aside if the licensee has demonstrated an agency abuse of discretion in that respect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Anserv}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 99 Cal. Rptr. 2d at 362.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Throughout Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s pleadings, as well as in the record submitted, Dr. Sule makes much of the fact that Swank was only employed at his clinic for eleven days, presumably to demonstrate that these violations 
\endash  due to the short duration in which they took place \endash  were not so egregious as to warrant the punishment he received.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Dr. Sule referenced remarks of Dr. Kaneshiro, that Dr. Sule would likely just get a slap on the wrist by the Board considering it was a first violation. Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Br.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9467543\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  27; ER}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9467543\charrsid8785242  at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  88}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13193521\charrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3284543\charrsid8785242 (Excerpts of Tr., Jan. 31, 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 However, just because the Board could have imposed a lesser penalty does not necessarily mean that the penalty actually imposed is excessive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  
}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 See Catricala }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 118 Cal. Rptr. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9467543\charrsid8785242 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 t 92 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The fact that reasonable minds may differ as to the propriety of a penalty imposed will fortify the conclusion that the administrative body acted within the area of its discretion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [55]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab 
Dr. Sule also proffered to the court that the licensing of a dental assistant requires merely that an applicant fill out a form and pay $25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13572967\charrsid8785242 .00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , and thus that Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s failure to ensure Swank was licensed was a very minor procedural oversight compared to the harsh action taken by the Board. Contrary to this characterization made by counsel for Dr. Sule, the Board does in fact require more of a p
rospective dental assistant than merely filling out an application and paying a nominal fee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
For one, the applicant for licensure as a dental assistant must state to the satisfaction of the Board that he or she is free of infectious diseases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 25 GAR \'a7 8105(a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Also, the Board may, upon a determination of reasonable professional need, require an examination of any dental ancillary personnel, which includes dental assistants. 25 GAR \'a7 8105(c)(1) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 In the interest of upgrading professional requirements the [Board] will reserve authority to require such examination of applicants as needed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
"}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [56]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Although specific further requirements for dental assistant licensure are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 to be set at a future date}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196221\charrsid8785242 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 25 GAR 
\'a7 8105(c)(4)(B)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4196221\charrsid8785242 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , the requirements established for certification of dental auxiliaries}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9794923 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid14444528 \chftn }{\insrsid14444528 
 The definitions of dental auxiliary and dental assistant are similar.  Both types of dental ancillary personnel may, under the direct supervision or authorization of a dentist, provide dental care services directly to a patient.  25 GAR \'a7
 8101 (e), (f).
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  gives some indication that more is required to become a dental assistant than merely paying $25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295010\charrsid8785242 .00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  to the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Dental auxiliaries, to c
ompare, must show that they have completed a training program equivalent to or greater in scope than that offered by the University of Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Granted, the Board rules do not specify that this particular requirement exists for dental assistants (only that further requirements will be set at a future date). }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11338132\charrsid8785242 Nevertheless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , it surely is not the case, as counsel f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11338132\charrsid8785242 
or Dr. Sule has characterized}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 , that anyone off the street can simply fill out the application, pay the $25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295010\charrsid8785242 .00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  fee, and automatically become a dental assistant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [57]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
The fact that dental assistants may provide dental care services \endash  such as prophylaxis and gross debridement procedures performed by Swank \endash 
 directly to patients, and the fact that an applicant for licensure as a dental assistant must have a health clearance and may be subject to further examination for certification at the discretion of the Board (25 GAR \'a7
 8105(a)(1), (c)(1)) underscores that there are public safety and public health concerns that the Board, as the regulatory body, seeks to protect in issuing licenses to practice as dental assistants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Therefore, we recognize the public importance \endash  for safety, regulatory, and quality-control purposes \endash 
 of requiring anyone who operates within this profession to be duly registered with the Board.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 The}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242  public }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 importance of having these regulations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242  in place, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 and the failure to comply with the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242  regulation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 s,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242  is certainly more than a minor procedural oversight.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [58]}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 \tab Dr. Sule }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 also }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
asserts that the imposition of a $1000}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295010\charrsid8785242 .00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  fine for each violation on top of a $50}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295010\charrsid8785242 .00}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  fine for each day Swank was employed at his clinic is excessive in light of 25 GAR \'a7 8105, which states that 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 ny dentist who employs a dental hygienist who is unlicensed by the [Board] shall be fined an amount
 not to exceed Fifty Dollars ($50) per working day.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  25 GAR \'a7 8105(b)(1).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 This argument is flawed. First, this }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242 rule}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
, on its face, pertains specifically to dental hygienists.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
It is not alleged that Swank was an unlicensed dental hygienist, but that she was an unlicensed dental assistant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 Compare}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  25 GAR \'a7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7093603\charrsid8785242 \'a7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  8101(c), (d) }{
\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  25 GAR \'a7 8101(f). Assuming that the use of the term }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 
"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 dental hygienist}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 is not an error in the rules, this part of the rules would thus be inapplicable to the situation at hand.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 In addition,
 Dr. Sule was found to have violated other regulations besides simply employing an unlicensed dental assistant, and hence the additional fines imposed }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242 
are not necessarily excessive under the circumstances.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242 Moreover, they do not}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  exceed any laws or Board regulations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10582565 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 V.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8418287\charrsid8785242 CONCLUSION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8785242 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [59]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6442475\charrsid8785242 We}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  hold that the lower court did not abuse its discretion in denying Dr. Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s petition for writ of administrative mandate and motion for reconsideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 We further hold that the low}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6176955\charrsid8785242 er court properly found that Dr.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 Sule}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s due process rights were not violated during the administrative hearing, that substantial evidence supported the finding of misconduct against Dr. Sule, and that the discipline imposed was not excessive under the circumstances.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [60]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 The}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  lower court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 err in upholding the Board}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s assessment of attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees against Dr. Sule as one of the conditions of avoiding suspension of his license and the payment of fines}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
ecause the underlying statute does not specifically authorize the assessment of attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
s fees or include these fees as part of costs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  We therefore reverse }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1912635\charrsid8785242 and vacate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 that portion of the decision that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8940834\charrsid8785242 
upholds the award of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  attorney}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s fees.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10582565\charrsid8785242 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 [61]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1655557\charrsid8785242 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
Accordingly, the decision of the lower court upholding the Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1846435\charrsid8785242 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 s Findings of Fact and Conclusions
 of Law and the Order of Discipline is hereby }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 AFFIRMED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242  in part and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 REVERSED }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 in part.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8785242  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 This matter is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 REMANDED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13389028\charrsid8785242 
 for further proceedings consistent with this Opinion.
\par }}