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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM
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\par Plaintiff-Appellee,
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 VIVIAN J. SANTOS,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par Defendant-Appellant.
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 CVA06-004
\par Superior Court Case No.: CV0924-01
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid815212 2007 Guam 23
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\par Submitted on February 14, 2007
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
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\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid4529432 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 :
\par William L. Gavras, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .
\par Law Offices of Gorman & Gavras P.C.
\par J & R Bldg., 2nd Floor
\par 208 Route 4
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 :
\par Jon A. Visosky, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Esq}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .
\par Dooley, Roberts & Fowler LLP
\par Orlean Pacific Plaza, Ste. 201
\par 865 S. Marine Corps Dr.
\par Tamuning, GU 96913}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
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\par BEFORE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 J. BRADLEY KLEMM, Justice }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 CARBULLIDO, C.J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab 
Defendant-Appellant Vivian J. Santos appeals a post-judgment order of the Superior Court requiring her to conduct a job search for the purpose of making payments on a judgment secured against her by Zurich Insurance (Guam), Inc.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos argues that the lower court did not have the legal authority to order her to look for a job.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 We agree that the Superior Court is without authority to order a job search and thus vacate its post-judgment order.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
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Zurich Insurance (Guam), Inc. secured a money judgment against Vivian Santos after a bench trial, the details of which are not before this court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 The trial court entered an order in favor of Zurich in the principal sum of $4,492.47, and $310.00 in costs, totaling $4,802.47.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Final judgment was entered against }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10434611 Santos.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Two years later, Zurich filed a Declaration stating that Santos had made no payments on the judgment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 On the same document was an \'93Order\'94 prepared by Zurich\rquote 
s counsel but signed by a Deputy Clerk of the Superior Court ordering Santos to appear at a hearing \'93to answer under oath concerning her property.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (\'93ER\'94), p. 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
At the hearing, Zurich\rquote s counsel requested that the Superior Court order Santos to conduct a job search.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 ER, pp. 5-6.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 The lower court consequently stated that \'93Defendant Vivian J. Santos is ordered to begin a job search.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 . . . [and] is to attempt to find and enter gainful employment . . . to aid in collection of the outstanding judgment in this matter.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94), tab 72 (Order of Apr. 3, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab In the trial court\rquote s order, lawyers for both sides agreed that \'93
the issues raised by defense counsel are suitable for final resolution by the Supreme Court of Guam,\'94 thus the court stayed the order on the condition that Santos file an appeal within 30 days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos timely filed an appeal.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Zurich filed a \'93Non-Opposition\'94 to the Santos\rquote  Brief, stating that \'93
[u]pon review of the authorities in Appellant\rquote s Brief, Appellee Zurich Insurance (Guam), Inc. (Zurich) files this Statement of Non-Opposition, and consents to the resolution of the matter by the Supreme Court, as it deems proper.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Statement of Non-Opposition of Plaintiff-Appellee Zurich, p. 1 (Sept. 8, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10109696 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab 
Before proceeding to the merits of the case, this court must determine whether it has jurisdiction over this appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Santos contends that the trial court\rquote s order for a job search is appealable under 7 GCA \'a7 25102, which provides:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \'93
An appeal in a civil action or proceeding may be taken from the Superior Court in the following cases: . . . (b) From an order made after a judgment made appealable by subdivision (a).\'941{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15297601 \tab }{\super\insrsid15297601 1}{\insrsid15297601  }{\fs20\insrsid15297601   Title 7 GCA \'a7 25102 (a) states, 
\'93(a) From a judgment, except (1) an interlocutory judgment other than as provided in subdivisions (h), (i) and (j); [and] (2) a judgment of contempt which is made final and conclusive by \'a7 34106 of this Title (Contempts).}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos maintains that the issue of the trial judge\rquote s order that she as judgment-debtor \'93begin a job search\'94
 fits within section 25102 (b) and is therefore appealable.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Section 25102 (originally enacted as 936.1 of the Guam Code of Civil Procedure in Gu
am Public Law 12-85) is based on and was derived from California\rquote s Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 904.1(a)(2), which has substantially identical language as Guam\rquote s 25102(b).2{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15297601 \tab }{\super\insrsid15297601 2}{\fs20\insrsid15297601   The source for the current 7 GCA \'a7
 25102 is stated in the Compiler\rquote s note as the Guam Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 936.1, enacted by the Guam Legislature in Public Law 12-85.  Guam\rquote s Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 936.1 originally mirrored a modified version of California
\rquote s section 904.1 of that time;  Guam\rquote s section  25102 stated:  \'93(b) From an order made after a judgment made appealable by subdivision (a),\'94 and the California Code of Civil Procedure section  904.1 (b) stated, as of 1993: \'93
(2) From an order made after a judgment made appealable by paragraph (1).\'94  }{\i\fs20\insrsid15297601 See Lakin}{\fs20\insrsid15297601 , 863 P.2d at 183.  We do not address other differences between Guam\rquote s section 25102 and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1
{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}\rquote s section 904.1 that developed in 1974 and subsequent to 1974. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Therefore, we look to California cases to aid in our interpretation of the same language.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 California case law is persuasive when there is no compelling reason to deviate from California\rquote s interpretation. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
People v. Hall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 2004 Guam 12 \'b6 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab The case of}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
 Lakin v. Watkins Associated Industries}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 863 P.2d 179 (Cal. 1993), interpreted California\rquote s Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 904.1(b).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 states that not every post-judgment order is appealable pursuant to \'a7 904.1.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432  at 183.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 sets forth the two requirements for a post-judgment order to be appealable.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 First, the issue raised by the appeal from the order must be different from those arising from an appeal from the judgment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The reason for this general rule is explained in the case of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 P R Burke Corp. v. Victor Valley Waste Water Reclamation Auth.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 120 Cal. Rptr. 2d 98 (Ct. App. 2002):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \'93
The reason for this general rule is that to allow the appeal from [an order raising the same issues as those raised by the judgment] would have the effect of allowing two appeals from the same ruling and might in some cases permit circumvention of the tim
e limitations for appealing from the judgment.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 at 102 (quoting }
{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Rooney v. Vermont Inv. Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 515 P.2d 297, 302 (Cal. 1973)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Thus, \'93[t]he issues raised by the appeal from the order must be different from those arising from an appeal from the judgment.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 . (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 863 P.2d at 183).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab 
The second requirement is that the order must either affect the judgment or relate to it by enforcing it or staying its execution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin, 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 863 P.2d at 183.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 A judgment in aid of execution can qualify as an appealab
le order under section 904.1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Shelton v. Rancho Mortgage & Investment Corp.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 115 Cal. Rptr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10434611 . 2d 82, 86-87 (Ct. App. 2002).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Thus, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 instructs that post-judgment orders that are not appealable if they are either: \'93(1) orders that, although following
 an earlier judgment, are more accurately understood as being preliminary to a later judgment, at which time they will become ripe for appeal, and (2) orders [that] pertain[] to the preparation of a record for use in a future appeal.\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Roden v. AmerisourceBergen Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 29 Cal. Rptr. 3d 810, 814}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 (Ct. App. 2005) (citation and quotation marks omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 We must examine the nature of the order that Santos appealed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab In this case, the issue raised by the postjudgment appeal is different from those arising from the judgment.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 An examination of the record below reveals that the judgment reflected Santos\rquote 
 liability to Zurich, and the post-judgment appeal is the authority of the court to order a job search to pay the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The first judgment against Santos was not appealed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 See }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Record on Appeal (\'93RA\'94), Docket Sheet.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Whether Santos gets a job two years after trial is irrelevant to how she became a judgment-debtor in the first instance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The order in this case fits the first test of an appealable post-judgment order under }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Lakin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab 
We next examine whether the order appealed affects the judgment or relates to it by enforcing it or staying its execution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
This is answered in the affirmative, since the order appealed from is by its terms an order to create assets to pay the final judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The order is not preliminary to later proceedings; Santos\rquote  liability to Zurich has already been established and is not subject to any review in this appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Moreover, the job-search order does not pertain to the preparation of a record for future use in an appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 The post-judgment order in the present case relates to the final judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Therefore, the order fits into the definition of an appealable order as interpreted by California case law interpreting a substantially similar statute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Therefore, this court has}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  jurisdiction over this appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10109696 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 III.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab The issue presented on appeal requires the court to interpret the scope of Guam\rquote 
s post-judgment execution statutes under Title 7 of the Guam Code Annotated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 This is an interpretation of law to be reviewed }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Carlson v. Guam Tel. Auth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 ,}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 2002 Guam 15 \'b6 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10109696 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 IV.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab There are two statutes which address post-judgment proceedings concerning debtors and their assets.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Title 7 GCA \'a7 23201, entitled \'93Debtor Required to Answer concerning his Property,\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 states:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
When an execution against property of the judgment debtor, or of any one of several debtors in the same judgment, issued to the marshal, is returned unsati
sfied in whole or in part[,] the judgment creditor, at any time after such return is made, is entitled to an order from a judge of the court requiring such judgment [debtor] to appear and answer concerning his property before such judge, or a referee appo
inted by him, at a time and place specified in the order.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par 7 GCA \'a7 23201 (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Title 7 GCA \'a7 23202, entitled, \'93
Proceedings in Aid of Execution; Examination; Arrest of Debtor; Undertaking or Imprisonment,\'94 states:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
After the issuing of an execution against property, and upon proof, by affidavit of a party or otherwise, to the satisfaction of a judge of the court, that any judgment debtor has property which he unjustly refuses to apply toward the satisfaction of the 
j
udgment, such judge may, by an order, require the judgment debtor to appear, at a specified time and place, before such judge, or a referee appointed by him, to answer concerning the same; and such proceedings may thereupon be had for the application of t
h
e property of the judgment debtor towards the satisfaction of the judgment as are provided upon the return of an execution. Instead of the order requiring the attendance of the judgment debtor, the judge may, upon affidavit of the judgment creditor, his a
g
ent or attorney, if it appear to him that there is danger of the debtor absconding, order the Director of Public Safety to arrest the debtor and bring him before such judge. Upon being brought before the judge, he may be ordered to enter to an undertaking
,
 with sufficient sureties, that he will attend from time to time before the judge or referee, as may be directed during the pendency of proceedings and until the final determination thereof, and will not in the meantime dispose of any portion of his prope
rty not exempt from execution. In default of entering into such undertaking he may be committed to prison.3{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\insrsid15297601 \tab }{\super\insrsid15297601 3}{\insrsid15297601   }{\fs20\insrsid15297601 Six states in addition to Guam have language that, in some form or another, permits the commitment to prison of debtors who do not comply with pos
t-judgment orders in aid of execution of money judgments:  Idaho (Idaho Code Ann. \'a7 11-502 (West, Westlaw through 2007 First Reg. Sess. of 59th Legis.)), Montana (Mont. Code Ann. \'a7
 25-14-102 (West, Westlaw through end of 2007 Reg. Sess. and May 2007 Special Sess.)), Nevada (Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. \'a7 21.280 (West, Westlaw through 2005 73rd Reg. Sess. and 22nd Special Sess.)), North Carolina (N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. \'a7
 1-355 (West, Westlaw through S.L. 2007-552 (End) of the 2007 Reg. and Extra Sess.)), South Carolina (S.C. Code. Ann. \'a7 15-39-320 (West, Westlaw through end of 2007 Reg. Sess.)), and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}
 (S.D. Codified Laws \'a7 15-20-5 (West, Westlaw through 2007 Reg. Sess.)).  We have not found, and the parties do not direct us to, cases in these states involving an order requiring a judgment debtor to undergo a job search.  }{\insrsid15297601 \tab }}

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par 7 GCA \'a7 23202 (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The issue is whether there is language in either of these statutes sufficient to grant the trial court authority to order the defendant to conduct a job search.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos concedes that under Guam\rquote s child support laws, there is specific statutory authority for a court to order a job search when an obligor owes back support.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos refers to 5 GCA \'a7 34105, entitled \'93Action,\'94 which states:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432  Therefore, whether or not t
he minor children have been or are recipients of public assistance, the Department acting in the best interests of the children and the Island of Guam, may bring an action in its own name}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 . . . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
(9) to obtain orders requiring the obligor owing back support to pay in accordance with a plan approved by the court or child support enforcement agency, and to seek court ordered job searches as necessary for unemployed or underemployed absent parents; p
rovided, that if an obligor is under an approved payment plan but not working and not incapacitated, the obligor shall be ordered to participate in a job search.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
\par 5 GCA \'a7 34105 (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Santos argues, however, that sections 23201 and 23202 addressing post-ju
dgment orders do not give specific statutory authorization to order a job search in the same way that Guam\rquote s the section 34105 child support recovery statute grants such authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Therefore, Santos argues that the trial court could not order an act that was not expressly allowed by sections 23201 and 23202.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Santos relies on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Business Service Bureau, Inc. v. Martin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 715 N.E.2d 764, 766 (Ill. App. Ct. 1999), in which an Illinois appellate court held that a statute on judgment-debt collection did not giv
e a trial judge the right to make orders to create assets but rather, only the right to discover assets.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The Illinois court analyzed section 2-1402 of the Illinois Code of Civil Procedure, which states that: \'93[a] judgment creditor . . . is entitled to pros
ecute supplementary proceedings for the purposes of examining the judgment debtor . . . to discover assets or income of the debtor . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
and of compelling the application of non-exempt assets or income discovered toward the non-payment of the amount due under the judgment.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432  at 766.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 It held that section 2-1402 did not allow the trial judge to enter orders to create assets, but did allow the entry of orders regarding discovering or discovered assets.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
The Illinois court determined that \'93under the clear and unambiguous language of section 2-1402(a), no provision for creating or ordering the creation of assets exists.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 It consequently concluded that the statute did \'93
not authorize the job search order\'94 and vacated the order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Id. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
at 767.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Santos also relies on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Barber v. Jemery}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 288 A.2d 497 (R.I. 1972), in which the Rhode Island Supreme Court found that a trial court\rquote 
s order requiring a defendant to get a second job to pay his judgment debt exceeded the court\rquote s authority because, as in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Business Service}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , there was no statutory language in the Rhode Island statutes, specifically R.I. Gen. Laws \'a7 9-28-4 (1956 (1969 Reenactment)), to support the order.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 The Rhode Island court relied on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Hillside Metal Products v. Rowland}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 84 A.2d 534, 535 (R.I. 1951), where it noted that a debtor is permitted to exempt living expenses from debt payments by statutory language, which provides that \'93
the court shall first allow to the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 debtor out of his income a reasonable sum for his own support}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .\'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Hillside Metal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 84 A.2d at 535 (emphasis in original).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Barber, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 the court found that the trial court had, \'93instead of complying with the legislative directives, assumed the obligation of finding a way to insure that the court\rquote 
s judgment would be paid,\'94 and found that this was in excess of the court\rquote s authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Barber}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 288 A.2d at 498.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Barber }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 supports Santos\rquote  argument because it supports the proposition that without statutory authority, a court cannot order the creation of assets.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab Like the Illinois statute discussed in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Business Service}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
, the two Guam statutes allowing the judgment creditor to take actions against the judgment debtor do not contain any language allowing a court to order the debtor to acquire more assets.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Zurich has elected not to oppose this argument by filing a Non-Opposition to Santos\rquote  brief, wherein it \'93
consent[ed] to the resolution of the matter by the Supreme Court, as it deems proper.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
Statement of Non-Opposition of Plaintiff-Appellee Zurich, p. 1 (Sept. 8, 2006). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab In workers\rquote 
 compensation cases, states have either statutory or regulatory express authority to order job searches, and there is a procedure for processing job searches.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 See eg., State ex rel. Regal Ware, Inc. v. Indus. Comm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 ., 821 N.E.2d 984, 985-987 (Ohio 2004); }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Correa v. Waymouth Farms, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 664 N.W.2d 324, 328-330 (Minn. 2003); }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Coplin v. State, Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Serv.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 , 627 So. 2d 1282, 1285 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1993).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 However, one court stated that the validity of a job search order depends on actual notice to the debtor of a job search requirement.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Kilbourne & Sons v. Kilbourne, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 
677 So. 2d 855 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995) (stating that \'93claimant\rquote s work search responsibility is predicated upon actual notice of the requirement to perform the work search\'94). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab 
Except where the procedure for a job search order is clearly set forth in a regulation or statute, we have not found cases, nor do the parties direct us to cases, approving an order to conduct a job search.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 Moreover, the language of sections}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 2
3201 and 23202 does not contain such authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 The lower court\rquote 
s order requiring Santos to search for a job is not legally supported and thus is w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10434611 ithout authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10109696 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 V.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4529432 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4529432\charrsid4529432 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 \tab The lower court\rquote s job search order is }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 REVERSED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 VACATED}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15297601\charrsid4529432 .
\par }}