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Manley}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs75\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12281736 9}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 of } {\field{\*\fldinst {\cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs75\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12281736 9}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs75\insrsid15236334 \par }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid15236334 \par }}{\footerr \pard\plain \s74\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15236334 \par }}{\headerf \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2309640 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid15236334 FHB v. Manley}{ \fs20\insrsid15236334 , Opinion\tab \tab Page }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\cs75\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12281736 1}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj { \cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs75\fs20\insrsid15236334\charrsid6387156 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt {\cs75\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid12281736 9}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj { \cs75\insrsid15236334 \par }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid15236334 \par }}{\footerf \pard\plain \s74\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4320\tqr\tx8640\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid15236334 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FIRST HAWAIIAN BANK, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 vs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 PERCY RAY MANLEY and VIRGINIA S. CRUZ \par nka VIRGINIA S. MANLEY, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Defendants-Appellants.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Supreme Court Case No.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 CVA04-014 \par Superior Court Case No.: CV1402-03 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4473739\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4473739\charrsid6233345 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4473739\charrsid6233345 May 31, 2007 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Cite as:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 2007 Guam }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid538918\charrsid6233345 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Submitted on January 16, 2006 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trkeep\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5160\clpadl120\clpadt120\clpadb58\clpadr120\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx5160\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4200\clpadl120\clpadt120\clpadb58\clpadr120\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid6233345 { \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 For Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par Thomas C. Moody, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par Klemm Blair Sterling & Johnson, P.C. \par nka Blair Sterling Johnson Martinez & \par Leon Guerrero, P.C. \par 1008 Pacific News Building \par 238 Archbishop F.C. Flores St. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387156\charrsid6233345 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 96910\cell }{ \ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 For Defendants-Appellants:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Pro se}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par 356 Chalan La Chance \par Yigo, G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6387156\charrsid6233345 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 96929}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trkeep\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw15\brdrcf1 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind120\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5160\clpadl120\clpadt120\clpadb58\clpadr120\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx5160\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4200\clpadl120\clpadt120\clpadb58\clpadr120\clpadfl3\clpadft3\clpadfb3\clpadfr3\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par BEFORE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD}{ \cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\super\insrsid15236334\charrsid11170022 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 At the request of the Manleys to waive oral argument, and without objection by First Hawaiian Bank, the court ordered that this case be submitted on the briefs. Order (Jan. 16, 2006).}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Associate Justice Frances M. Tydingco-Gatewood sat as a panel member at the time of the submission of this case on the briefs. Prior to the issuance of this Opinion, Justice Tydingco-Gatewood was sworn in as Chief Judge of the District Court of Guam.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 TORRES, J.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Defendants-Appellants Percy Ray Manley and Virginia S. Cruz nka Virginia S. Manley (the \'93Manleys\'94 ) appeal from a Superior Court Judgment dismissing their counterclaim against Plaintiff-Appellee First Hawaiian Bank (\'93FHB\'94 ) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys argue that the Superior Court erred in dismissing their counterclaim without providing them notice of hearing on FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss and giving the Manleys an opportunity to oppose the motion as required by Rule 5 of the Rules of the Superior Court of Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FHB maintains that the Superior Court judge\rquote s }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 dismissal of the counterclaim without oral argument w as proper as the legal issues in this case had been briefed by both parties, and the Manleys had waived oral arguments on their respective motions to dismiss FHB\rquote s complaint and for partial summary judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Although the Superior Court judge may not have c omplied with the specific requirements of Rule 5, we cannot say that the dismissal of the counterclaim was in error.}{\cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\super\insrsid15236334\charrsid11170022 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{ \fs20\insrsid15236334 In its Judgment of Dismissal, the Superior Court also dismissed FHB\rquote s complaint because the promissory note at issue here was discharged in bankruptcy court on February 5, 2004.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Neither party appeals the Superior Court\rquote s dismissal of FHB\rquote s complaint.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Accordingly, the judgment of dismissal is affirmed. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 I. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab FHB filed suit to recover the balance owed on a promissory note (\'93Note\'94) signed by the Manleys.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Note, originally made payable to Pacific Financial Corporation, was secured by a mortgage on real property owned by the Manleys and later assigned to FHB.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Citibank, N.A. (\'93Citibank\'94) also had a note with the Manleys secured by a mortgage lien on the same property, the mortgage of which was senior to FHB\rquote s mortgage.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys defaulted on both notes, and as a result, Citibank and FHB proceeded to foreclose on the secured property.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Citibank recorded a Notice of Default and Election to Sell Under Mortgage by Power of Sale.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 At its foreclosure sale, Citibank made a credit bid and recorded its Deed upon sale, thereby extinguishing the Manleys\rquote ownership interest (subject to redemption) as well as FHB \rquote s junior mortgage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Thereafter, FHB recor ded its Notice of Default and filed a complaint for breach of contract to collect the unpaid amounts due under the Note.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Manleys initially filed a motion to dismiss FHB\rquote s complaint which FHB opposed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys then filed an answer and countercla im as well as a Reply to Opposition to Motion to Dismiss and a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (on counterclaim).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FHB subsequently filed a Reply to Counterclaim which included as an affirmative defense the assertion that the counterclaim failed to stat e a claim upon which relief could be granted. During the pendency of the Superior Court action, the Manleys filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition with the United States District Court of Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Note to FHB was eventually discharged by the order of the District Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Although the Manleys waived oral arguments on both their motion to dismiss and their motion for partial summary judgment, the Superior Court scheduled a hearing on the motion for partial summary judgment, which was later rescheduled to April 7, 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Notice of the rescheduled hearing was sent by mail to the Manleys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The record however, does not reveal such hearing was held. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Superior Court\rquote s Court Reporters Unit f iled a Declaration indicating that the record below was devoid of any recording log of a hearing on April 7, 2004 even though a hearing was scheduled by the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Declaration (Mar. 7, 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The record further discloses that on April 8, 2004, FHB filed its motion to dismiss the counterclaim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Superior Court judge signed the Judgment of Dismissal,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 received by the court on April 8, 2004, although the judgment was predated April 7, 2004.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Judgment of Dismissal was entered on the docket on April 21, 2004 and the Manleys timely filed their Notice of Appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 II. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab We have jurisdiction over this appeal from a final judgment pursuant to 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1424-1(a)(2) (Westlaw current through Pub.L. 110-25 (2007)), 7 GCA \'a7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 \'a7 3107(b), and 3108(a) (2005). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 III.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Review of a dismissal for failure to state a claim is }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See Kelson v. City of Springfield}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 767 F.2d 651, 653 (9th Cir. 1985); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 see also Archbishop of Guam v. G.F.G. Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 1997 Guam 12 \'b6 9 (s tating that determination of whether a party failed to state a claim is a question of law reviewed }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 de novo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390721 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 IV.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Manleys challenge on appeal the judgment of dismissal entered by the Superior Court which ultimately dismissed their counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Th e Manleys assert that FHB was required to file a judicial foreclosure action as mandated by 7 GCA \'a7 24101 in order to collect on its underlying debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Further, the Manleys contend that FHB was not a \'93sold-out junior lienor\'94 because FHB could have pursued its foreclosure before Citibank foreclosed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Finally, the Manleys maintain that the Superior Court erred in granting FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss without providing notice of hearing and an opportunity to brief the issues in accordance with Rule 5 of the Rules of the Superior Court of Guam.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab FHB submits that the Superior Court\rquote s dismissal was proper because the Manleys had actual notice of FHB \rquote s legal position and all legal issues had been fully briefed by the parties when the dismissal was entered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FHB further claims that on April 7, 2004, without oral argument, the Superior Court }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 entered dismissal of the counterclaim, thereby making FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss moot because it was filed after the counterclaim had already been dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Finally, FHB argues that 7 GCA \'a7 24101 does not apply because FHB assumed the status of a \'93sold-out junior lienor\'94 when Citibank foreclosed on the property and FHB was not required to exhaust its security since FHB\rquote s security was extinguished by Citibank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par A. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Dismissal of Counterclaim Under Rule 12(b)(6)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Superior Court entered a judgment of dismissal dismissing the Manleys\rquote counterclaim pursuant to GRCP Rule 12(b)(6), which allows a plaintiff to assert in a responsive pleading or in a motion that the defendant failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{ \cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid15236334 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Rule 12(b)(6) states in pertinent part:}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 (b) How Presented.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{ \fs20\insrsid15236334 Every defense, in law or fact, to a claim for relief in any pleading, whether a claim, counterclaim, cr oss-claim, or third-party claim, shall be asserted in the responsive pleading thereto if one is required, except that the following defenses may at the option of the pleader be made by motion: . . . (6) failure to state a claim upon which relief can be gr anted. . . . No defense or objection is waived by being joined to one or more other defenses or objections in a responsive pleading or motion.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 If a pleading sets forth a claim for which relief to which the adverse party is not required to serve a responsive pleading, the adverse party may assert at trial any defense in law or fact to that claim for relief.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{ \fs20\insrsid15236334 If, on a motion asserting the defense numbered (6) to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters out side the pleadings are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56, and all parties shall be given reasonable opportunity to present all material made pertinent to such motion by Rule 56.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11170022 {\fs20\insrsid15236334 Guam R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) is not proper unless \'93it appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Conley v. Gibson,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, (1957).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 When reviewing a claim under this standard, \'93we must, of course, take as true the material facts alleged\'94 in the counterclaim,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Hospital Bldg. Co. v. Trustees of Rex Hospital}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 425 U.S. 738, 740, (1976), construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and resolve all doubts in the non-moving party\rquote s favor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Clegg v. Cult Awareness Network, et al.,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 18 F.3d 752, 754-55 (9th Cir. 1994).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \'93[T]he court is not required to accept legal conclusions cast in the for m of factual allegations if those conclusions cannot reasonably be drawn from the facts alleged.\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 In the case }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sub judice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 the Manleys f iled their answer and counterclaim to which FHB replied raising as an affirmative defense that the counterclaim be dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The prayer for relief contained in FHB\rquote s reply also requested that the counterclaim be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Clearly, under Rule 12(b)(6), FHB had the option of requesting that the counterclaim be dismissed in its reply instead of by motion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 After filing its reply to the counterclaim, however, FHB also filed the April 8 motion to dismiss the counterclaim for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab \'93 When reviewing a judgment granting a [Rule] 12(b)(6) motion for relief from judgment, an appellate court must independently review the complaint to determine if dismissal was appropriate.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 McGlone v. Grimshaw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 620 N.E.2d 935, 939 (Ohio Ct. App. 1993).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Further, \'93[t]he appellate court need not defer to the trial court\rquote s decision in [Rule] 12(b)(6) cases.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Such a dismissal cannot be upheld unless it appears \'93to a certainty that the plaintiff would be entitled to no relief under any state of facts that could be proved.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Halet v. Wend Investment Co.,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 672 F.2d 1305, 1309 (9th Cir. 1982).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Therefore, we must determine on de novo review, whether the Manleys\rquote counterclaim states a claim against FHB which would entitle them to relief. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab In reviewing the counterclaim, the Manleys essentially allege that FHB had notice of Citibank\rquote s position to foreclose on the property and FHB had a right to file a foreclosure action with the Superior Court but FHB failed to do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Since the appraised value of the property was supposedly greater than the amount owed to Citibank and FHB, the Manleys complained that this failure by FHB caused them to lose their property and file for bankruptcy.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys counterclaim sought (1) judgment dismissing FHB\rquote s claim, (2) judgment ordering FHB to pay them $125,025.00}{ \cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 This amount was computed by the Manleys as the difference between what they assert is the appraised value o f the house at $267,000.00 and Citibank\rquote s claim of $125,975.00.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , (3) damages for pain and suffering, (4) punitive damages, and (5) such other relief as may be just. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The statute which the Manleys apparently rely on, although not cited or referred to in their counterclaim, is 7 GCA \'a7 24101 (2005), which states in pertinent part that \'93[a]ll actions for the foreclosure of a mortgage or other encumbrance upon real estate must be brought in the Superior Court.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys recognize that in some situations , a junior lienor may not be required to proceed with a foreclosure action before suing on a mortgage note, but the Manleys maintain that this should be limited only to situations where the collateral has been sold without ample time and opportunity for t he junior lienor to act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Otherwise, if the junior lienor had sufficient time and opportunity but failed to act, the Manleys believe the lienor has \'93become a self made sold out junior lienor\'94 and should not be treated as one who is \'93innocent.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Appellants\rquote Opening Brief, p. 7 (June 20, 2005). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab FHB asserts that section 24101, originally enacted as section 726 of the Guam Code of Civil Procedure in 1953, is identical to section 726 of the California Code of Civil Procedure enacted in 1872.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FHB argues that California case law allows for a suit on a mortgage note without foreclosure when there has been foreclosure of a prior encumbrance and the security given has been extinguished. Citing }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roberto v. Aguon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 519 F.2d 754 (9th Cir. 1975) and our decision in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 O\rquote Mara v. Hechonova}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 2001 Guam 13, FHB maintains that \'93 decisions of California courts which predate the enactment of [t]erritorial [l]aws are controlling authority on issues of the statutory construction and effect of Guam laws and that Califor nia cases subsequent to the adoption of Guam codes while not binding are persuasive.\'94 Appellee\rquote s Brief, p. 9 (July 12, 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 A closer examination of Guam\rquote s section 24101 and California\rquote s section 726 as originally enacted reveals, however, that the statute s are not identical and there is a significant difference between them. The latter provision provides in pertinent part that }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \'93[t]here can be but one action}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 for the recovery of any debt, or the enforcement of any right secured by mortgage upon real estate o r personal property, which action must be in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \'a7 726 (1872) (emphasis added).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Section 24101 simply states that \'93 [a]ny action for the recovery of any debt or the enforcement of any right secured by mortgage on real or personal property, must be in accordance with the provisions of this chapter\'94}{ \cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Section 726 of the Guam Code of Civil Procedure was enacted in 1953 and provided the same language in section 24101.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 and does not contain the \'93one action\'94 limitation language found in California. 7 GCA \'a7 24101 (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Moreover, while section 24101 requires foreclosure actions to be brought in the Superior Court, Guam law also allows for foreclosure of a mortgage by power of sale.}{ \cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Additionally, in }{\i\fs20\insrsid15236334 Paulino v. Biscoe}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 , we said \'93 [a]t first glance, [Section 24101] mandates that any action for the foreclosure of mortgages must be brought before the Superior Court; however, this would be inconsistent with the statutory empowerment of the power of sale\'94 allowed in 18 GCA \'a7 36113.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\i\fs20\insrsid15236334 Paulino v. Biscoe}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 , 2001 Guam 13 \'b6 20 n. 8.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 18 GCA \'a7 36113 (2005). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab \'93 In the absence of a statute to the contrary, a creditor secured by a . . . mortgage . . . may recover the full amount of the debt upon default [and] may realize the security or sue on the obligation or both.\'94}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf Corp. v. Chierighino}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 378 P.2d 97, 98 (Cal. 1963).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Some states have enacted a \'93one action\'94 statute which provides that one who has taken a lien to secure a debt exhaust the security before having recourse to the general assets of the debtor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , Idaho Code Ann. \'a7 6-101 (West 2007); Nev. Rev. Stat. \'a7 40.430 (West 2006); Utah Code Ann. \'a7 78-37-1 (West 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Some states have also enacted \'93fair-value\'94 statutes which are designed to preve nt creditors from buying at their own sales at deflated prices and realizing double recoveries by holding debtors liable for large deficiencies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See Hatch v. Security-First Nat\rquote l. Bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 120 P.2d 869, 872 (Cal. 1942); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Wheeler v. Ellis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 27 A. 911-912 (N.J. 1893); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Cont \rquote l. Bank & Trust Co. v. Gedex Realty Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 60 N.Y.S.2d 710, 712-713 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1946); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 NW. Loan & Trust Co. v. Bidinger}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 276 N.W. 645, 648-650 (Wis.1937).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 For instance, Arizona, California, Georgia, Idaho, Michigan, Washington, and Wisconsin have adopted fair-value statutes which are primarily used in limiting deficiency judgments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See, e.g.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. \'a7 33-814(A) (2007); Cal. Civ. Proc. Code \'a7 580a (West 2007); \'a7 726 (West 2007); Ga. Code Ann. \'a7\'a7 44-14-161 (West 2006); Idaho Code Ann. \'a7\'a7 6-108, 45-1512 (West 2007); Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. \'a7\'a7 600.3170, 600.3280 (West 2007); Wash. Rev. Code Ann. \'a7 61.12.060 (West 2007); Wis. Stat. Ann. \'a7 846.165 (West 2007). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Guam Legislature has not provided mortgagors \'93 with the same protections which the California Legislature has extended in its anti-deficiency laws. . . .\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Paulino,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 2000 Guam 13 \'b6 28. Although some courts have also limited actions for deficiency judgments to prevent double recoveries even in the absence of a statute, we do not need to address the merits of taking such action here. }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Investors Mortg. & Realty Co. v. Preakness Hills Realty Co.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 31 A.2d 830 (N.J. Ch.1943); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Suring State Bank v. Giese}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 246 N.W. 556 (Wis. 1933). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The rationale behind either the \'93one action\'94 or \'93fair-value\'94 limitation imposed by courts or legislatures does not apply to sold-out junior lienors such as FHB in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 A junior lienor whose security is extingui shed through a senior sale does not have the same protection available to a senior lien holder to ensure that a sale of the security realizes an amount equal to the claim or the fair market value of the property, whichever is less, by simply bidding in fo r that amount.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Likewise a junior mortgagee should not be required to file a foreclosure action against a debtor in order to sue on the note when the security has been lost through no fault of the junior mortgagee. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , where a sold-out junior lienor\rquote s security was rendered valueless by the senior lienholder\rquote s non-judicial foreclosure, the Supreme Court of California held that the \'93 one form of action\'94 rule of section 726 of the California Civil Procedure Code did not apply to a sold-out junior lienor since \'93[t]here is no reason to compel a junior lienor to go through foreclosure and sale when there is nothing left to sell.\'94 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 378 P.2d at 99.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The court stated that the junior lienor \'93is in no better position to protect himself than is the d ebtor; either would have to invest additional funds to redeem or buy in at the sale [and] [e]quitable considerations favor placing this burden on the debtor. . . .\'94}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Id}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 . at 100.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Similarly, in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Bank of America v. Graves}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , a junior lienholder commenced a non-ju dicial foreclosure and later decided to postpone the sale after learning that the senior lienholder also instituted foreclosure proceedings on the same property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Bank of America v. Graves}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 59 Cal. Rptr. 2d 288, 290, (Cal Ct. App. 1996).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The court recognized that a sold-out junior lienholder was not subject to the one form of action rule as explained in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Id}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 . at 290-292.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The court reasoned on the basis of public policy, that a junior lienholder must be allowed to pursue its options when borrowers def ault, that is (1) it could foreclose on its junior lien which would require it to invest additional funds to bring the senior lien current as well as keep its lien current or (2) it could postpone its foreclosure sale and allow itself to be foreclosed out .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 . at 293; }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 See also}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Cohen v. Mashall,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 239 P. 1050 (Cal. 1925). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab We agree with the reasoning in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 and}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Graves}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 that a junior lienholder whose security may be lost through a senior sale is different from a selling senior lienholder.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The junior l ienholder should not be required to invest additional funds to redeem or buy in at sale and then subsequently file a judicial foreclosure action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys simply argue in their counterclaim that FHB knew Citibank was foreclosing and FHB should not be al lowed to file an action to collect on the Note because it did not file a foreclosure action pursuant to Section 24101.}{\cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2040002\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs72\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334\charrsid2040002 There is simply no evidence that the extinguishment of the security was the fault of FHB and in the event the security is lost through the fault of the junior lien holder, the result may be different.}{ \fs20\cf1\insrsid12281736 }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334 See}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334\charrsid2040002 , e.g.,}{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334\charrsid2040002 Bank of America v. Graves}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334\charrsid2040002 , 59 Cal. Rptr. 2d 288 (Cal Ct. App. 1996)}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334 ; }{\i\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334 City Consumer Serv., Inc. v. Peters}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid15236334 , 815 P.2d 234 (Utah 1991). }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Interestingly, after the counterclaim was filed, the Note was discharged in bankruptcy and FHB can no longer pursue collection on the Note from the Manleys.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Thus, this portion of the Manleys\rquote request for relief in the counterclaim is moot. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab In addition, the Manleys seek damages for FHB\rquote s failure to timely file a foreclosure action.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 However, the Manleys fail to cite any authority or statute, and we have found none , to show that FHB had a duty to foreclose on its lien even after Citibank instituted foreclosure proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 At the time FHB recorded its Notice of Default, its security was lost by Citibank\rquote s sale.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Manleys also do not provide any authority to show that FHB had a duty to bid at Citibank\rquote s foreclosure sale, even assuming FHB was aware the property was appraised at $267,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Equitable considerations favor placing the burden of investing additional funds or buying in at a foreclosure sale on the debtor, not the junior mortgagee.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Roseleaf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 378 P.2d at 100.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Therefore, taking the allegations in the counterclaim as true, it appears beyond doubt that the Manleys can prove no set of facts in support of their claim which would entitle them to relief.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Thus, we find that dismissal of the counterclaim for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted was proper. \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 B.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Rule 5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Although we have determined that di smissing the counterclaim for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted was proper, we still address the Manleys\rquote argument regarding the Superior Court\rquote s failure to comply with Rule 5 of the Rules of the Superior Court of Guam in dismissing the counterclaim.}{\cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid15236334 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Rule 5, entitled \'93Motion Practice\'94 provides: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164011 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 A.}{\b\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{ \b\fs20\insrsid15236334 Calendaring and Service.}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par (1) A motion shall be served not later than twenty-one (21) days before the time set for hearing.}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 {\fs20\insrsid15236334 (2) The motion shall be heard if it is supported by a memorandum containing citations, analysis and explanation.}{ \fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164011 {\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 B. Responses to Motions.}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 {\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 (1)}{\b\fs20\insrsid12281736 }{\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 Procedure.}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Non-moving parties shall not later than fourteen (14) days before the hearing se}{\fs20\insrsid12281736 rve all other parties either:}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164011 {\fs20\insrsid15236334 (a) A written opposition containing citations, analysis and explanation; or \par (b) A notice of non-opposition; or \par (c) A joinder in the motion. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 {\b\fs20\insrsid15236334 (2) Failure To File.}{\fs20\insrsid15236334 Absent good cause shown, failure to file one of the papers required by B. supra has the same effect as filing a notice of non-opposition. If a party is prejudiced by failure to file such failure is sanctionable pursuant to Rule 11 of these rules. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6164011 {\fs20\insrsid15236334 Guam Ct. R. 5.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9390721 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab We have held that the Superior Court \'93 has a duty to analyze the merits of the motion before rendering its decision.\'94}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Mano v. Mano}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 2005 Guam 2 \'b6 14, (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Quitugua v. Flores}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 2004 Guam 19 \'b6 28).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 We also expressed our concern in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Fargo Pacific, Inc. v. Korando Corp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 ., }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492315\charrsid6233345 2006 Guam 22 \'b6\'b6 57-60 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 where the Superior Court failed to comply with Rule 5 by signing a judgment without providing notice to the other party.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492315\charrsid6233345 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492315 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab The Ninth Circuit in applying Rule 12(b)(6) has held that a trial court may dismiss a claim }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Wong v. Bell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 642 F.2d 359, 361-62 (9th Cir. 1981) (citing 5 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur Q. Miller, }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Federal Practice and Procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \'a7 1357 1st ed. 1969).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Omar v. Sea-Land Service, Inc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 ., 813 F.2d 986, 991 (9th Cir. 1987).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Ninth Circuit also held that in dismissing a claim }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , the trial court must give notice of its }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 intention to invoke Rule 12(b)(6) and afford the parties \'93an opportunity to at least submit a written memorandum in opposition to such motion.\'94 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Crawford v. Bell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 599 F.2d 890, 893 (9th Cir. 1979).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 However, notice is not required where the claimant cannot possibly win relief{\*\bkmkstart SR\'3b2161}{\*\bkmkend SR\'3b2161}. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Omar}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 813 F.2d at 991 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 citing Wong,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 {\*\bkmkstart SDU_11} {\*\bkmkstart BestSection}{\*\bkmkend SDU_11}{\*\bkmkend BestSection}642 F.2d at 362). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [24]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab In this case, the Manleys waived oral arguments for the hearing scheduled on April 7, 2004, which was set to address the motion for partial summary judgment filed by the Manleys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 FHB maintains that the Manleys did not appear at the scheduled hearing on April 7, 2004 and the Superior Court without oral argument dismissed their counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 However, there is nothing in the record to show a hearing actually took place or that the court }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 dismissed the counterclaim.}{\cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{\i\fs20\insrsid15236334 See}{ \fs20\insrsid15236334 Declaration (Mar. 7, 2005).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 There is no minute entry of a hearing on April 7, 2004.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The judgment of dismissal was predated April 7, 2004 and received by the Superior Court on April 8, 2004, along with FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss the counterclaim.}{\cs72\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s71\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12281736 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid15236334 \chftn }{\insrsid12281736 }{\fs20\insrsid15236334 The motion to dismiss was also predated April 7, 2004 and received by the court on April 8, 2004.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [25]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Without a record of any hearing on April 7, 2004 or any other evidence on record, we}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 cannot determine whether the Superior Court dismissed the counterclaim }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 on April 7, 2004 or whether the Superior Court actually considered FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss filed on April 8, 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The dismissal of the counterclaim under Rule 12(b)(6) was nevertheless raised before the court at an earlier date, and the Manleys had notice of FHB\rquote s position on the counterclaim because FHB asserted such defense in its reply to the counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Since Rule 12(b)(6) allows a party to request dismissal by pleading or by motion, the result is the same whether such request is made in either form.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 McGlone v. Grimshaw}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 620 N.E.2d 935, 938 (Ohio Ct. App. 1993).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Nothing in the rule prohibits a court from ruling on a request made in a responsive pleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 If the court ruled }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 on the request made by FHB in its responsive pleading, then there was no need to provide notice of hearing on FHB\rquote s motion to dismiss the counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The motion to dismiss would be moot. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [26]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab While we cannot certainly determine whether the Superior Court was in contravention of Rule 5 by not setting a hearing and not affording the Manleys an opportunity to respond to FHB\rquote s motion, we cannot say that dismissal of the counterclaim was in error because it is apparent that the Manleys cannot possibly win relief under the claims which they allege.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Notice is not required where the claimant cannot possibly win relief.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 Omar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 , 813 F.2d at 991. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2040002\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Whether we construe that the Superior Court dismissed the counterclaim }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 sua sponte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 by responsive pleading or on motion by FHB, the result would remain the same.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 That is, the Manleys cannot possibly win relief under the claims alleged in their counterclaim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The Superior Court\rquote s dismissal was proper. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 V. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6233345 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab We hold that based on }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 de novo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 review, the Manleys in their counterclaim have failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 The counterclaim does not appear beyond doubt to allege facts demonstrating the Manleys are entitled to the relief which they seek. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6233345\charrsid6233345 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1586663\charrsid6233345 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \tab Accordingly, we }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 AFFIRM}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 the Superio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15562273 r Court\rquote s judgment of dismissal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13369737\charrsid6233345 \par }}