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Civil Service Commission}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 , Draft Opinion\tab \tab \tab Page \chpgn of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid8194279 NUMPAGES \\* arabic \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt { \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15618520 11}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-19\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \par }}{\headerr \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15926972 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Department of Revenue & Taxation v. Civil Service Commission}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 , Opinion\tab Page}{\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs74\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 PAGE }}{\fldrslt { \cs74\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15618520 7}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs74\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\cs74\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 NUMPAGES }}{\fldrslt { \cs74\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15618520 11}}}\sectd \linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\cs74\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw10\brsp20 \tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15926972 {\cs74\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl-19\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \par }}{\footerl \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid8194279 \par }}{\footerr \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\insrsid8194279 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND TAXATION,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par Petitioner-Appellee, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 vs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par Respondent, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 CONSTANCE S. QUINTANILLA,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par Real Party in Interest-Appellant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Supreme Court Case No.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 CVA06-008 \par Superior Court Case No.:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SP0093-05 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 OPINION}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078337\charrsid11013620 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078337\charrsid11013620 December 6, 2007}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par Cite as:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 2007 Guam }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12078337\charrsid11013620 17}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15875775 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on March 13, 2007 \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft1620\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind1728\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4140\clshdrawnil \cellx5760\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3330\clshdrawnil \cellx9090\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid11013620 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 For Real Party in Interest-Appellant: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 David J. Highsmith, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 Esq.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 \par Law Office of David J. Highsmith, PC \par Suite 209, Union Bank of Calif. Bldg. \par 195 Hernan Cortes Ave. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 For Petitioner-Appellee: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 Kali S. Tara, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 Esq. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 (briefed) \par Joseph Guthrie, }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 Esq. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 (argued) \par Office of the Attorney General \par 287 W. O\rquote Brien Dr. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2309918\charrsid11013620 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph108\trleft1620\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3\tblind1728\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4140\clshdrawnil \cellx5760\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3330\clshdrawnil \cellx9090\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 BEFORE:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice; RICHARD H. BENSON, Justice }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Pro Tempore}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 . \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 TORRES, J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 .: \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Petitioner-Appellee Department of Revenue and Taxation (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), through the Attorney General\rquote s Office, challenges the j urisdiction of this court to hear the instant appeal filed by Real Party in Interest-Appellant Constance S. Quintanilla.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT argues that the Judgment entered by the Superior Court, which referred to and incorporated its prior Decision and Order, is not final and appealable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Superior Court, in this prior Decision and Order, had ordered the dismissal of both DRT\rquote s Petition for Judicial Review and Quintanilla\rquote s Counter-Petition for Writ of Mandate, vacated the prior judgments of Respondent Civil Service Commission (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 CSC}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), and remanded the case to the CSC for evidentiary hearings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT maintains the Judgment is not final and appealable and thus, Quintanilla\rquote s appeal must be dismissed. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Upon our examination, the Judgment entered by the Superior Court in this case does not effect}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272366\charrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 a final resolution of the issues in the case, and does not constitute a final determination of the rights of the parties.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Judgment appealed from is not final and appealable, and we lack jurisdiction; therefore, DRT\rquote s Motion to Dismiss is hereby granted and the case is hereby dismissed. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 I.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Real Party in Interest-Appellant Constance S. Quintanilla began her employment at DRT in March 1982.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla has since retired.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 During her employment at DRT, she served as a Tax Technician III.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 On September 16, 1996, she was notified of her selection to the position of Regulatory Examiner I.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 A letter from DRT Director Joseph T. Duenas stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Having been selected you will now undergo a Probationary Period of six (6) months.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 During this period your performance will be closely monitored by your supervisor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Appellees\rquote Supplemental Excerpts of Record (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), p. 2 (Letter from DRT Dir. Joseph T. Duenas to Quintanilla (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Duenas letter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), Sept. 19, 1996)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In this letter, Duenas stated, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 It is my hope that upon successful completion of your probationary period you will find your new appointment both challenging and rewarding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, p. 2 (Duenas letter).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In February 1997, Quintanilla\rquote s probationary period was extended another five months and five days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Based on a July 16, 1997 Memorandum, the probationary evaluation from Quintanilla\rquote s supervisor revealed that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 in all categories, [Quintanilla] is rated at Below Work Performance Standards.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, p. 6 (Mem. from Supervisors to DRT Dir.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10249994\charrsid11013620 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10249994\charrsid11013620 Mem. from Supervisors)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 July 16, 1997)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The supervisor indicated that she had counseled Quintanilla on three occasions, and that Quintanilla herself had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 admitted to being unqualified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, p. 6 (Mem. from Supervisors).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 It was recommended that Quintanilla be reassigned within DRT.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla was then advised that her appointment was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 rescinded based on non-performance}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and that she would be reverted to her former position of Tax Technician III.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, p. 15 (Mem. from DRT Dir. to Quintanilla (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Duenas memo}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ) (Aug. 21, 1997). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Quintanilla filed an appeal with the CSC on September 10, 1997.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 While the appeal was pending, Quintanilla was indicted on six counts of an unlawful act as a revenue agent in the District Court of Guam.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 She ultimately pleaded guilty to one count of criminal facilitation in July 1999. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab DRT served Quintanilla with a notice of proposed adverse act ion on August 3, 1999 as a result of her guilty plea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla and DRT began discussions regarding her employment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 What followed is in dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 According to DRT, an agreement was reached where DRT would not take adverse action against Quintanilla as a r esult of the criminal case and would allow her to remain employed at DRT as a Property Tax Technician II.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla was required to apply for this position and dismiss her CSC appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT then stated that the CSC Case Docket Sheet for July 11, 2000 reveals there was a Status Call hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2112097\charrsid11013620 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2112097\charrsid11013620 P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 resent were Quintanilla with her attorney Mark Williams, DRT attorney Fred Nishihira, DRT representative John Garrido, CSC attorney Jerry Hogan, and CSC employees John Calvo and Elaine Gogue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Case Docket Sheet apparently contained a notation that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Employee was to prepare document dismissing appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), Tab A, p. 3 (Pet. for Review of Civil Service Comm\rquote n Decision and Order).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Two weeks later, Quintanilla completed an application for Tax Technician II.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 After Attorney David Highsmith entered an appearance on behalf of Quintanilla in August 2000, however, she has denied entering into the agreement purportedly recorded by the CSC Case Docket Sheet. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab On September 18, 2000, DRT moved to dismiss the CSC appeal, citing the parties\rquote agreement, and the same day, Quintanilla moved to set aside the adverse action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In a March 8, 2001 Decision and Judgment, the CSC concluded that it did not have jurisdiction as the proceeding involved a request to modify a performance evaluation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla appealed to the Superior Court, and after a hearing on April 29, 2002, the court held that the CSC had jurisdiction, and remanded the case to the CSC for evidentiary hearings.}{ \cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Specifically, the Superior Court ordered as follows: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid8194279\charrsid15926972 \tab }{ \i\fs20\insrsid8194279 I Kotte}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 therefore will remand the matter to the [Civil Service] Commission to hold such an evidentiary hearing on the appeal of Petitioner. It is at this hea ring where the Commission may make its findings of fact whether the action taken against Petitioner should be sustained, modified or revoked. In this regard the Commission may also hear evidence whether there was an agreement between the parties relative to the disposition of this appeal case when Petitioner entered into her plea agreement with the Government. The Commission may hear any other matter or issue that bears on the disposition of the appeal. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7303767 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 Record on Appeal, Tab 16, Ex. G, p. 13 (Disision Yan Otden, Aug. 8, 2002).}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab On remand to the CSC, Quintanilla filed a motion to void the adverse action and hearing was held on June 10, 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The CSC did not take any evidence at the hearing, relying solely on this court\rquote s}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Opinion in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Blas v. Guam Customs & Quarantine Agency}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2000 Guam 12.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In an October 12, 2004, Decision and Judgment, the CSC stated: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Pursuant to the }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Blas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 decision, we find that the former Department of Administration Rules and Regulations 7.50 and 14.02 should be applied to Ms. Quintanilla\rquote s September 1996 promotion. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 No evidence was presented indicating Ms. Quintanilla was provided any normal job protection rights such as:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 informal counseling, opportunity to correct inadequate performance or notice of proposed adverse action. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The [DRT]\rquote s demotion of Ms. Quintanilla cannot stand and is therefore null and void.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Ms. Quintanilla\rquote s status should be that of a permanent class}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 if}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ied [employee] due to the expiration of any probational period after her September 1996 promotion. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, Tab F, pp. 23-24 (Decision and Judgment). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab DRT filed a motion for reconsideration, and after a February 15, 2005 hearing, the CSC determined that DRT }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 had presented little in the way of new material}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and that it was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 not required to conduct an evidentiary hearing on the question of whether [Quintanilla] had dismissed her appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, Tab E, pp. 17-18 (Decision and Judgement on Mgmt\rquote s Mot. for Recons. (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Decision}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ), Apr. 26, 2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The CSC denied the motion to reconsider, and Quintanilla was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 reinstated to her former position.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 SER, Tab E, p. 18 (Decision). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab DRT then filed a Petition for Review of Civil Service Commission Decision & Judgment in the Superior Court.}{ \cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7303767 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 We have recently held, in }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Carlson v. Perez}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 , 2007 Guam 6 \'b6 65, that filing a Petition for Judicial Review to be the proper procedure for seeking review of a Civil Service Commission adverse action decision.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla answered and filed a counterclaim for a writ of mandate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The court ordered further briefing by the parties, and scheduled a hearing in the matter for January 4, 2006.}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10249994 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 DRT instead filed a Motion for Summary Judgment on December 14, 2005. Record on Appeal, Tab 20 (Mot. for Summ. J., Dec. 14, 2005).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 On May 22, 2006, the court dismissed the Petition for Judicial Review, dismissed the Counter-Petition for Writ of Mandate filed by Quintanilla, vacated the prior judgments of the CSC, and remanded the case to the CSC for evidentiary hearings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment, which incorporated the May 22, 2006 Decision and Order, was entered on August 15, 2006.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla then filed this appeal. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 II.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15926972\charrsid11013620 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab After Quintanilla filed her Brief and Excerpts of Record, DRT sought to dismiss the appeal, arguing in a Motion to Dismiss that this court lacked jurisdict ion because the judgment was not final and appealable. Quintanilla opposed the Motion to Dismiss, maintaining that the appeal should proceed because judgment has been entered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Before addressing the issues briefed by the parties in this appeal, we will examine our jurisdiction to hear the appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 A.\tab Guam law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9722225\charrsid11013620 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Under Guam law, a party may appeal upon entry of judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Under 7 GCA \'a7 3107(b) (2005), we have jurisdiction over }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 appeals arising from judgments, final decrees, or final orders of the Superior Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ; however, jurisdiction must be viewed in light of 7 GCA \'a7 3108(a), which additionally require between them, either a final judgment or the satisfaction of criteria justifying interlocutory consideration.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Merchant v. Nanyo Realty, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 1997 Guam 16 \'b6 3.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Moreover, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [a]n appeal in a civil action or proceeding may be taken from the Superior Court . . . [f]rom a judgment . . . .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 7 GCA \'a7 25102(a) (2005).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 This judgment must be set forth in a separate document.}{ \cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\keep\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10249994 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Because of our holding herein, we do not decide whether the Judgment satisfies the separate document requirement, because we are cognizant that some courts have interpreted a judgment incorporating an other document as contrary to the separate document requirement of Rule 58 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Seventh Circuit has interpreted Rule 58 as requiring that a judgment be \'93self-contained and complete.\'94 }{ \i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Am. Interinsurance Exch. v. Occidental Fire & Cas. Co.,}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 835 F.2d 157, 159 (7th Cir. 1987). \'93 It is true that a final judgment should not incorporate any other document or contain legal reasoning. . . [but t]he fact that the district court\rquote s judgment entry included the phrase \lquote pursuant to memorandum opinion and order\rquote does not turn a self-contained final judgment into a non-final order.\'94 }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Paganis v. Blonstein,}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 3 F.3d 1067, 1071 (7th Cir. 1993). Unlike }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Paganis}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 , the Judgment entered in the instant case is not self-contained. By incorporating the Decision and Order, the court made clear that remand to the CSC was necessary to resolve factual disputes due to a faulty record.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Guam R. Civ. P. 58 (GRCP) (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Every judgment shall be set forth on a separate document.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 A judgment is effective only when so set forth.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 )}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 The Guam Rules of Civil Procedure were amended on June 1, 2007, while this case was pending. Rule 58 now states in relevant part: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 Rule 58. Entry of Judgment \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (a) Separate Document.}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (1)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Every judgment and amended judgment must be set f orth on a separate document, but a separate document is not required for an order disposing of a motion: \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (A)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 for judgment under Rule 50(b); \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (B)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 to amend or make additional findings of fact under Rule 52(b); \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (C)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 for attorney fees under Rule 54; \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (D)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 for a new trial, or to alter or amend the judgment, under Rule 59; or \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (E)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 for relief under Rule 60. \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (2)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Subject to Rule 54(b): \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (A)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 unless the court orders otherwise, the clerk must, without awaiting the court's direction, promptly prepare, sign, and enter the judgment when: \par }\pard \qj \li2880\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (i)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the jury returns a general verdict, \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (ii)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the court awards only costs or a sum certain, or \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (iii)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the court denies all relief; \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (B)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the court must promptly approve the form of the judgment, which the clerk must promptly enter, when: \par }\pard \qj \li2880\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2880\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (i)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the jury returns a special verdict or a general verdict accompanied by interrogatories, or \par }{\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (ii)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 the court grants other relief not described in Rule 58(a)(2). \par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (b) Time of Entry.}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Judgment is entered for purposes of these rules: \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (1)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 if Rule 58(a)(1) does n ot require a separate document, when it is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a), and \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (2)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 if Rule 58(a)(1) requires a separate document, when it is entered in the civil docket under Rule 79(a) and when the earlier of these events occurs: \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (A)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 when it is set forth on a separate document, or \par }\pard \qj \li2160\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin2160\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (B)}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 when 150 days have run from entry in the civil docket under Rule 79(a).}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ; }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 A.B. Won Pat Guam Int\rquote l Airport Auth. (GIAA)}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 v. Moylan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2004 Guam 1 \'b6 17 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [W]e find that the lower court is in fact required to issue a judgment in this matter, and an appeal may only be taken from such final judgment set forth on a separate document.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Quintanilla maintains that appellate jurisdiction exists, based on a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 entered on August 15, 2006, which is separate from the court\rquote s Decision and Order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla argues that the Judgment satisfies both Guam law and the separate document requirement and is properly appealed herein.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b), 25102(a); GRCP 58.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT contends, on the other hand, that the Judgment is not final and appealable, because the court did not address the merits of the arguments raised, and the judge specifically noted that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 the record is unreliable, and this court cannot track the steps by which the CSC reached its decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT\rquote s Mem. of P. & A., p. 4 (Nov. 21, 2006).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DRT further argues that the Judgment lacks finality because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 there has never been an evidentiary hearing in this case and the CSC has never addressed the settlement agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Mem. of P. & A., p. 5. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab We acknowledge that a document, styled a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 was entered by the trial court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Our analysis, however, does not end here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Although not cited or discussed by either party, 7 GCA \'a7 21101 (2005) defines }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 the final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 We therefore must ascertain whether the document, entered by the trial court on August 15, 2006, and denominated as a Judgment, constitutes }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 the final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 pursuant to 7 GCA \'a7 21101.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 As explained herein, we must conclude that the rights of the parties in this action have not been fully determined and therefore, the appeal must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2112097\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 B.\tab California precedent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab The genesis of 7 GCA \'a7 21101 is Guam Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 577, which in turn has as its source California Code of Civil Procedure \'a7 577.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Guam\rquote s version of section 577 was enacted in 1953, and the California codes were acknowledged as the source of Guam\rquote s statutes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 See}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Torres v. Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2005 Guam 22 \'b6 33 n.6.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Therefore, this court may look to the decisions of California courts to assist its interpretation.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Torres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2005 Guam 22 \'b6 33, }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Sinlao v. Sinlao}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2005 Guam 24 \'b6 7. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab The trial court\rquote s entry of a document, denominated a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 is not dispositive to our analysis.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [I]t is the substance and effect of a judgment that determines its finality.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In re Los Angeles County Pioneer Soc\rquote y v. Hist. Soc\rquote y of S. Calif.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 257 P.2d 1, 4 (Cal. 1953).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The California Supreme Court held that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 a judgment is final when it terminates the litigation between the parties on the merits of the case, and leaves nothing to be done but to enforce, by execution, what has been determined.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Sullivan v. Delta Air Lines, Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 935 P.2d 781, 791 (Cal. 1997) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Doudell v. Shoo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 114 P. 579, 581 (Cal. 1911)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The court more fully explained this rule as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 It is not the form of the decree but the substance and effect of the adjudication which is determinative. As a general test, which must be adapted to the particular circumstances of the individual case, it may be said that where no issue is left for future conside r ation except the fact of compliance or noncompliance with the terms of the first decree, that decree is final, but where anything further in the nature of judicial action on the part of the court is essential to a final determination of the rights of the parties, the decree is interlocutory. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Lyon v. Goss}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 123 P.2d 11, 17 (Cal. 1942).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 More simply stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 When no issue is left for future decision except the fact of compliance or noncompliance with the judgment it is final, but if final adjudication is postp oned awaiting further judicial determination of the rights of the parties the decree is interlocutory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Craig of Cal. v. Green}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 202 P.2d 104,106 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1949).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 See also Civic Western Corp. v. Zila Indus., Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 135 Cal. Rptr. 915, 922 (Ct. App. 1977) (stating that a judgment is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 final}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 where it leaves no issue for future consideration or where it is finally dispositive of the case); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Kosloff v. Kosloff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 154 P.2d 431, 434 (Cal. 1945) (holding that a judgment must be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 definitive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 in that the decision itself must purport to decide finally the rights of the parties on issues submitted, by specifically denying or granting remedy sought by action). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab The facts here find a parallel in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Bakewell v. Bakewell}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 130 P.2d 975, 977 (Cal. 1942), wherein the trial court had issued a document styled as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment (Interlocutory),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 which nonetheless stated, }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 inter alia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 that final judgment herein shall provide for payment of the sums due plaintiff,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and that the court was authorized to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 make all orders necessary to carry the judgment into effect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The California Supreme Court held that the judgment was not final, because the trial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 court did not finally determine the relative rights of the [parties] . . . . Those rights have yet to be ascertained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 at 978.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Cf. Kumar v. Nat\rquote l Med. Enters., Inc.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 267 Cal. Rptr. 452, 455 (Dist. Ct. App. 1990) (holding that there was no finality because the trial court had set aside a decision by an administrative body, remanded the matter back to that body, and the appellant would have to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 again proceed to a final administrative decision . . . before seeking redress in the courts}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Our examination of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 entered by the Superior Court reveals that it did not }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 finally determine the relative rights}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 of Quintanilla and the DRT.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Bakewell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 130 P.2d at 978.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Judgment expressly referred to the court\rquote s prior Decision and Order, stating that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 case is dismissed and the parties shall comply with the court\rquote s Decision and Order of May 22, 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ER, Tab F (Judgment).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The trial court\rquote s incorporation of its prior Decision and Order unequivocally reveals that the rights of Quintanilla and DRT are }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 yet to be ascertained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Bakewell}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 130 P.2d at 978.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Decision and Order states in relevant part: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [T]he Court DISMISSES the Petition for Judicial Review, DISMISSES the Counter-Petition for Writ of Mandate, VACATES the prior judgments of the CSC [i]n this matter and REMANDS this case to the CSC for a second time, ordering further ev identiary hearing and CSC resolution of factual issues crucial to any appellate review of Ms. Quintanilla\rquote s case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 To make it patently clear to the CSC, the CSC WILL hold evidentiary hearings to address the following questions of fact in its decision regarding Ms. Quintanilla\rquote s appeal, and it WILL rule upon those questions of fact: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 1)\tab Did Quintanilla make an agreement with the DRT regarding their respective CSC cases?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620\charrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 2)\tab If so, what were the terms of that agreement? \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 After a full evidentiary hearing and determination upon those factual issues, the CSC WILL then arrive at a final decision in the matter of Ms. Quintanilla\rquote s appeal. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ER, Tab F, pp. 8-9 (Decision and Order).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The language of the Decision and Order make clear that there had not been any determination of each party\rquote s rights and furthermore, that certain factual issues needed to be resolved by the CSC in order to determine each party\rquote s rights.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In fact, the trial court explicitly stated that, due to the DRT\rquote s failure to provide a transcript, the court was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 unable to even rule upon the matter at hand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ER, Tab F, p. 8 (Decision and Order).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The Judgment, and its express incorporation of the Decision and Order, did not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 terminate[] the litigation between the parties on the merits of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Sullivan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 935 P.2d 791. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab As the Decision and Order revealed, important factual questions have yet to be addressed by the CSC.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The trial court, although stating that it could not rule on the case, nevertheless entered a document denominated as a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 We query whether, in light of the court\rquote s stated inability to address the merits, the case could have simply been remanded without entry of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Entry of this document may have contributed to the parties \rquote confusion in this case and Quintanilla\rquote s belief that appeal was authorized.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 We have consistently held that this court \rquote s appellate jurisdiction is limited to those matters which the legislature permits us to review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 People v. Lujan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 1998 Guam 28 \'b6 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 According ly, statutes governing our jurisdiction allow for appeal upon entry of a final judgment}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3307013 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 See} {\fs20\insrsid8194279 7 GCA \'a7 3108(a) (2005) (\'93Appellate review to the Supreme Court of Guam shall be available only upon the rendition of final judgment in the Superior Court from which appeal or application for review is taken.\'94)}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 as was advanced by Quintanilla here, as well as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264998\charrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 from interlocutory}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Guam law governing interlocutory review states: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab Orders other than final judgments shall be available to immediate appellate review as provided by law and in other cases only at the discretion of the Supreme Court where it determines that resolution of the questions of law on which the order is based will: \par \tab (1) Materially advance the termination of the litigation or clarify further proceedings therein; \par \tab (2) Protect a party from substantial and irreparable injury; or \par \tab (3) Clarify issues of general importance in the administration of justice. \par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3307013 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 7 GCA \'a7 3108(b) (2005). The procedure for seeking interlocutory review was recently changed d uring the pendency of this case. Due to the promulgation of Rule 4.2 of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure (GRAP), it is now required that a party obtain permission before filing an interlocutory appeal. The relevant appellate rules in effect at the time of Quintanilla\rquote s appeal did not require such a petition, and therefore, we do not apply the new rule here, as doing so would not be feasible. }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 See}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Re: Adoption of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure, PRM07-003 (Promulgation Order No. 07-003-01, Feb. 21, 2007) (stating that the new appellate rules shall apply to new and pending cases, \'93 except to the extent that the application of the Rules to those pending actions, cases and proceedings would not be feasible, or would work injustice, in which event the prior valid Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure shall apply.\'94); see also,}{ \i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Rojas v. Rojas}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 , 2007 Guam 13 \'b6 10 n.5 (declining to apply the newly amended appellate rules because doing so would not be feasible)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and other orders, such as the trial court\rquote s certification for appeal based on the grant of partial summary judgment.}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Appeal may be sought upon the trial court\rquote s certification pursuant to Rule 54(b) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure, which states that \'93 the court may direct entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay and upon an express direction for entry of judgment.\'94 Furthermore, 7 GCA \'a7 25102 (2005), provides additional statutory grounds for appeal:}{\insrsid8194279 \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab An appeal in a civil action or proceeding may be taken from the Superior Court in the following cases: \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9722225 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab (a) From a judgment, excep t (1) an interlocutory judgment other than as provided in subdivisions (h), (i) and (j); [and] (2) a judgment of contempt which is made final and conclusive by \'a7 34106 of this Title (Contempts). \par \tab (b) From an order made after a judgment made appealable by subdivision (a); \par \tab (c) From an order granting a motion to quash service of summons; \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\keepn\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8061998 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab (d) From an order granting a new trial or denying a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict; \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9722225 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab (e) From an order discharging or refusing to discharge an attachment; \par \tab (f) From an order granting or dissolving an injunction, or refusing to grant or dissolve an injunction; \par \tab (g) From an order appointing a receiver; \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3307013 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab (h) From an interlocutory judgment, order, or decree, hereafter made or entered in an action to redeem real or personal property from a mortgage thereof, or a lien thereof, determining such right to redeem and directing an accounting; \par \tab (i) From an interlocutory judgment in an action for partition determining the rights and interests of the respective parties and directing partition to be made; \par \tab (j) From an interlocutory decree of divorce; [and] \par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3307013 {\fs20\insrsid8194279 \tab (k) From an order or decree made appealable by the provisions of the Probate Code (Title 15 of this Code).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Quintanilla\rquote s sole argument in this appeal has been the entry of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ; she has never argued, even alternatively, that this court should assert interlocutory jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Cf. Rojas v. Rojas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2007 Guam 13 \'b6 13 (stating that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3307013\charrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 the separate routes for appeal under section 3108(a) and (b) become mutually exclusi ve when a party fails to pursue the interlocutory appeal of an interlocutory order that was solely appealable under section 3108(b) prior to the expiration of time for appealing the final judgment in the case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Moreover, our policy is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 to strictly limit the exercise of interlocutory review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 People v. San Nicolas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 1999 Guam 19 \'b6 11.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 We fail to see any legal issues in the court\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 needing resolution which would }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [m]aterially advance the termination of the litigation or clarify further proceedings therein}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ; or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [p]rotect a party from substantial and irreparable injury}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ; or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [c]larify issues of general importance in the administration of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 7 GCA \'a7 3108(b) (2005). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7303767\charrsid11013620 [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab The concept of final judgment in section 3108(a), asserted by Quintanilla as the basis for this court\rquote s appellate jurisdiction, contemplates more than mere entry of a document styled as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Section 3108(a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 is a codification of the final judgment rule which mandates \lquote that a party must ordinarily raise all claims of error in a single appeal following final judgment on the merits.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 People v. Angoco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2006 Guam 18 \'b6 10 (citing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Flanagan v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 465 U.S. 259, 263 (1984) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Risjord}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 449 U.S. 368, 374 (1981))).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 final judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 required by section 3108(a) implicitly means a ruling on the merits of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 As such, it is doubtful whether the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 should have been entered in this case, when the trial court stated it was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 unable to even rule upon the matter at hand}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and remanded the case to the CSC.}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4264998 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 The United States Supreme Court explained the finality doctrine as follows: \'93\tab A \lquote final decision\rquote has been defined as one which \lquote ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but execute the judgment. \rquote \'94 }{\i\fs20\insrsid8194279 Catlin v. United States,}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 324 U.S. 229, 233 (1945).}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ER, Tab E, p. 8 (Decision and Order).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Finality is called into question when the case involves a remand: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The finality doctrine is based on the twin policies of controlling piecemeal adjudication and eliminating the delays caused by the appeal of interlocutory decisions. [}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Catlin v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 324 U.S. 229, 233-34,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1272366\charrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 (1945).]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Courts have traditionally not considered remands as final decisions because of their preference to have a single }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ultimate review on all the combined issues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Barfield v. Weinberger,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 485 F.2d 696, 698 (5th Cir.1973); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 accord United States v. Alcon Laboratories,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 636 F.2d 876, 884 (1st Cir.1981); }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Eluska v. Andrus,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 587 F.2d 996, 999 (9th Cir.1978). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In re Martinez}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 721 F.2d 262, 265 (9th Cir. 1983).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Martinez}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , a remand was ordered.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 at 264.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 So too here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The instant case counsels that a court must be cautiou s when entering judgment, to ensure that there has been either an adjudication on the merits of all the claims or the rights and liabilities of all the parties, or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 an express direction for entry of judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 by the court }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4264998\charrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 pursuant to Rule 54(b) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure.}{ \cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 Rule 54(b) of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure states: \par }\pard\plain \qj \li720\ri720\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs20\insrsid8194279 (b) Judgment Upon Multiple Claims or Involving Multiple Parties.}{\fs20\insrsid8194279 When more than one claim for relief is pr esented in an action, whether as a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim, or when multiple parties are involved, the court may direct the entry of a final judgment as to one or more but fewer than all of the claims or parties only upon an express determination that there is no just reason for delay}{\fs20\cf1\insrsid8194279 and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. In the absence of such determination and direction, any order or other form of decision, however designated, which adjudicates fewer than all the claims or the rights and liabilities of fewer than all the parties shall not terminate the action as to any of the claims or parties, and the order or other form of decision is subject to revision at any time before the entry of judgment adjudicat ing all the claims and the rights and liabilities of all the parties. \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The sparing use of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 and the strict application of the final judgment rule }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ensure[s] that a determination addressed on appeal really is the trial court\rquote s final resolution, and to protect the litigants from uncertainty as to when a notice of appeal must be filed to be within the time permitted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Merchant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 1997 Guam 16 \'b6 14.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Thus, the court would be able to give clear guidance to parties regarding the propriety of appeal. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3046660\charrsid11013620 [20]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab Other important policy interests support our strict construction of the final judgment rule.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Generally limiting appellate review to final judgments reduces an appellate court\rquote s interference with a trial judge\rquote s pre-judgment decisions, minimizes a party\rquote s ability to harass opponents through multiple appeals, and promotes the efficient administration of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Angoco}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2006 Guam 18 \'b6 11 (citing}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Flanagan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 v. United States}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 465 U.S. 259, 263-64 (1984)); }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 see also Rojas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 2007 Guam 13 \'b6 12 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 [C]ourts try to avoid rulings that are \lquote contrary to the philosophy favoring finality of judgments and the expeditious termination of litigation.\rquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 ) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Nat\rquote l Petrochemical Co. of Iran v. M/T Stolt Sheaf}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 930 F.2d 240, 245 (2d Cir. 1991).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 This po licy interest is echoed in California.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Efficient administration of justice requires that finality be brought to each cause at some determinable point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 McIntire v. Super. Ct. (Kelly)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 125 Cal. Rptr. 379, 381 (Ct. App. 1975). \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3046660\charrsid11013620 [21]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab In this case, there has not been finality of factual, and correspondingly, legal questions, as evidenced by the remand to the CSC.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Were this court to assert jurisdiction and hear this case on appeal, we would face the same impediments that hindered the trial court in its review of the case from the CSC.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 If, after the remand to the CSC, the parties decide to appeal once again to the Superior Court, which enters judgment after addressing the merits of the case, then }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 an appeal may be taken that properly invokes our jurisdiction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Merchant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 , 1997 Guam 16 \'b6 16. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3046660\charrsid11013620 [22]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab We hold that the document entered by the Superior Court, although denominated a }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 was nonetheless interlocutory and did not constitute a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 final determination of the rights of the parties in an action or proceeding.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 7 GCA \'a7 21101.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The document did not address the merits of the case, and did not determine the rights of the parties; consequently, it lacks finality and does not satisfy the definition of a judgment set forth in Guam law. Because there is no final appe alable judgment, appellate jurisdiction is lacking, and the case must therefore be dismissed.}{\cs26\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s25\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa120\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9722225 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid8194279 \chftn }{\insrsid8194279 }{\fs20\insrsid8194279 In light of our holding that appellate jurisdiction is lacking, we do not address the arguments briefed by the parties.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15618520 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 III.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11013620 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3046660\charrsid11013620 [23]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 \tab We hold that the Judgment entered by the Superior Court is not a final appealable judgment. Notwithstanding the entry of a separate document denominated a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Judgment, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Guam law requires that a judgment constitute a final determination of the rights of the parties.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 The document entered by the trial court, in ordering that the case be remanded to the Civil Service Commission for evidentiary hearings, did not terminate the litigation on the merits of the case and did not constitute a final determination of the rights of the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11013620 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 Accordingly, the case is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 DISMISSED}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5245052\charrsid11013620 for lack of appellate jurisdiction. \par }}