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{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 PEOPLE OF GUAM, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Appellee, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 v. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 JESSE PAMA ORALLO, \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Appellant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 OPINION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Supreme Court Case No. CRA05}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 001 \par Superior Court Case No. CF0239}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 99 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104803\charrsid3566268 Filed:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104803\charrsid3566268 June 8, 2006 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2104803\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Cite as: 2006 Guam }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6897129\charrsid3566268 8}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam \par Argued and submitted on February 27, 2006 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 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{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts18\trgaph108\trleft-108\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx4680\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6580781\charrsid3566268 FRANCES M. TYDINGCO}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 TYDINGCO}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 GATEW}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 O}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 OD, J.: \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [1]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4472320\charrsid3566268 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4472320\charrsid3566268 Defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4472320\charrsid3566268 Appellant Jesse Pama Orallo appeals from the trial court\rquote s judgment of conviction }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 on: (1) three counts of first degree criminal sexual conduct; (2) three counts of second degree criminal sexual conduct; (3) one count of third degree sexual criminal conduct}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 ; and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 (4) one count of fourth degree sexual criminal conduct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 .} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 Orallo argues that this court should reconsider its holding in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 People v. Orallo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 , 2004 Guam 5 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 ).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 We decline to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7891149\charrsid3566268 do so}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 and affirm the trial court\rquote s j}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 udgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 I.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4472320\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 \tab We incorporate by reference the facts set forth by this court in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 People v. Orallo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 , 2004 Guam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 5}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 \'b6\'b6 2\endash }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [3]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 this court reversed the trial court\rquote s decision holding that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 Investigator Anthony W. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Blas\rquote Written Stateme}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 nt was not discoverable under}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 8 GCA }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 \'a7 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 70.10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 The matter was remanded to the trial court for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 a sentencing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo was sentenced on January 3, 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 This appeal followed.}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256840\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 II.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [4]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 court has jurisdiction over the instant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 appeal pursuant to 48 U.S.C. \'a7 1424}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 1(a)(2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 (Westlaw through P}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 ub. L. 109}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 76 (2005)) and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 8 GCA \'a7 130.15(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 (2005).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1998440\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15009670\charrsid3566268 III.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15009670 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 Under the \lquote law of the case\rquote doctrine, a court is generally precluded from reconsidering an issue that has already been decided by the same court, or a higher court in the identical case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 " }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 People v. Hualde}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 , 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 Guam 3 \'b6 13.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 See also}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 Christianson v. Colt Indus.}{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Operating Corp.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 , 486 U.S. 800, 816}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 17 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 (1988) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 As most commonly defined, the doctrine [of the law of the case] posits that when a court decides upon a rule of law, that decision should continue to govern the same issues in subse}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 quent stages in the same case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 ) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Arizona v. California}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 , 460 U.S. 605, 618 (1983)).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 A court has discretion to depart from the law of t he case where: 1) the first decision was clearly erroneous; 2) an intervening change in the law has occurred; 3) the evidence on remand is substantially different; 4) other changed circumstances exist; or 5) a manifest injustice would otherwise result.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 Hualde}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 , 1999 Guam 3 \'b6 13 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 (citation omitted).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15009670 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 IV.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4472320\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7957201\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 \tab This court held in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 that only statements }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 were discoverable under }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 8 GCA \'a7 70.10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 (b)(i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 (2005).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 , 2004 Guam 5 \'b6 19}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 (quoting Guam R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1))}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Applying that standard to the facts of the instant case, this court concluded that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Blas\rquote Written Statement was not relevant to the subject matter of the Orallo Complaint and not discoverable under section 70.10(a)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 " }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577508\charrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 \'b6 20.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 The matter was remanded for sentencing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 \tab Orallo }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 now }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 appeals }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6311155\charrsid3566268 from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4132337\charrsid3566268 the trial court\rquote s judgment of conviction ar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4136745\charrsid3566268 guing that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 the People had an obligation to disclose Blas\rquote Written Statement under Guam \rquote s discovery statutes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 This court resolved that issue against Orallo in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 That holding became the law of the case and, absent a compelling reason to depart from that decision, this court will not reopen an already decided point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 See United States v. Rosales}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 , 606 F.2d 888, 889 (9th Cir. 1979).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2650826\charrsid3566268 \tab Orallo argues, after being prompted by this court to brief the applicability of the law of the case doctrine, that a manifest injustice will result in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 because he was not given adequate opportunity or notice to brief the me}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 aning of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 relevant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 under }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 section }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 70.10(b)(1).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 We disagree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 The sole basis for }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 People\rquote s appeal in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 Orallo I }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 was the trial court\rquote s grant of a new trial for the alleged violation of section 70.10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 Orallo had ample notice and opportunity }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 to brief whether Blas\rquote Written Statem}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1706301\charrsid3566268 ent was discoverable under section}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12657096\charrsid3566268 \'a7 70.10.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 Orallo has }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2326039\charrsid3566268 failed to offer any}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 legal authority to support his contention that a manifest inj}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12543956\charrsid3566268 ustice will result in this case if this court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15027971\charrsid3566268 does not reconsider its decision}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5440007\charrsid3566268 .}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16389280 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs20\super\insrsid3686658 \chftn }{\insrsid3686658 }{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 Orallo\rquote s arguments are not only unpersuasive,}{\cs21\fs20\cf6\insrsid3686658\charrsid6361394 }{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid10368967 but}{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 }{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658 border on being }{ \cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 frivolous. Orallo conceded during oral arguments that he has failed to raise any issues in the instant appeal that were not resolved by this court in }{\cs21\i\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 Orallo I}{ \cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 , yet has offered no legal authority or grounds for this court to depart from the law of the case other than }{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658 the }{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 fact that he disagrees with this court\rquote s interpretation of 8 GCA \'a7 70.10.}{\cs21\fs20\insrsid3686658 We remind counsel that under Rule 21.1 of the Guam Rules of Appellate Procedure parties have a duty to advance arguments that \'93 are warranted by existing law or by nonfrivolous argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law or the establishment of new law.\'94 Guam R. App. P. 21.1. }{\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid16389280 \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2326039 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 V.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3566268 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7757206\charrsid3566268 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 \tab We resolved the issue in the instant appeal in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 and Orallo has failed to demonstrate that any circumstances exist to warrant departing from that decision.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 Accordingly, the trial court\rquote s judgment of conviction is hereby }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 AFFIRMED}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16389280\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid229030\charrsid3566268 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656630\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675809\charrsid3566268 TORRES}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , J., concurring \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118652\charrsid3566268 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 \tab I concur with the majority\rquote s conclusion that Orallo has failed to demonstrate that a manifest injustice will result unless this court reconsiders its decision in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118652\charrsid3566268 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 \tab Although Orallo has cited case law adopting a different interpretation of language }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675809\charrsid3566268 similar to that found in section}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 70.10 than the standard this court announced in }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675809\charrsid3566268 has failed to establish that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 the decision in}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo I }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 was clearly erroneous or wou}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675809\charrsid3566268 ld result in manifest injustic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid657842\charrsid3566268 e.}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid666900 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs20\super\insrsid3686658 \chftn }{\insrsid3686658 In }{\i\insrsid3686658 Hualde}{ \insrsid3686658 , this court provided that a clearly erroneous interpretation of law and manifest injustice are two separate grounds on which a court could depart from the law of the case. However, federal courts have combined the two grounds and held that a court may depart from the law of the case where \'93 the previous disposition was clearly erroneous and would work a manifest injustice.\'94 }{\i\insrsid3686658 Leslie Salt Co.}{\insrsid3686658 }{\i\insrsid3686658 v. United States}{\insrsid3686658 , 55 F.3d 1388, 1393 (9th Cir. 1995). \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid657842\charrsid3566268 See Hualde}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid657842\charrsid3566268 , 1999 Guam 3 \'b6}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 13 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid657842\charrsid3566268 (stating that a court may depart from the law of the case where the first decision was clearly erroneous)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268\charrsid3566268 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118652\charrsid3566268 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118652\charrsid3566268 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Section 70.10 is bas}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 ed on standard 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666900\charrsid3566268 2.1 of the ABA}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , Project on Standards for Criminal Justice Discovery and Procedure Before Trial (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13980191\charrsid3566268 Approved Draft 1970}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13980191\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 See People v. Superior Court (Laxamana)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 2001 Guam 26 \'b6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 \'b6 35}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 38}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 This court, relying in part on Rule 26 of the Guam Rules of Civil Procedure,}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4202300 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs20\super\insrsid3686658 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 One crucial difference between the Rules of Civil Procedure and the Rules of Criminal Procedure not fully explored in }{\i\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 Orallo I}{\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 is that, under the Rules of Civil Procedure, parties have the general ability to depose potential witnesses.\~ }{\i\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 See }{\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 Guam R. Civ. P. 27.\~\~\~ In criminal cases}{ \cs22\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 , a party may only depose a person under special circumstances pursuant to }{\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 8 GCA }{\cs22\fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 \'a7 70.50 (2005).}{ \fs20\insrsid3686658\charrsid4202300 \par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 limited the scope of section 70.10 to statements relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 2004 Guam 5 \'b6 19.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo argues in the instant appeal that this court should adopt a different standard similar to the standard announced in }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 State v. Divito}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 955 P.2d 327 (Or. Ct. App. 1998).}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid666900 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs20\super\insrsid3686658 \chftn }{\insrsid3686658 Orallo also cites to }{\i\insrsid3686658 People v. Gallegos}{\insrsid3686658 , 644 P.2d 920 (Colo. 1982) for an example of a more liberal interpretation of a statute based on the ABA Standard. However, the court in }{\i\insrsid3686658 Gallegos}{\insrsid3686658 ultimatel y concluded that the Colorado discovery statute \'93does not require disclosure of every witness statement which relates to the events giving rise to the criminal charges, but only to those statements relevant to the issues in the case.\'94 }{ \i\insrsid3686658 Id.}{\insrsid3686658 at 924-25. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Divito}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , the Oregon Court of Appeals held that the analogous Oregon statute, which contains language similar to that found in section 70.10, requires that prosecutors disclose statements that are relevant to the testimony of witnesses whom the government intends to call.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Id.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 at 330}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 331}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{ \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Cf.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Howe v. State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 589 P.2d 421, 424 n.7 (Alaska 1979) (summarizing potential problems with limiting discovery to witnesses the prosecution intends to call at trial identified by the ABA).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 The issue before this court, ho wever, is not the scope of section 70.10 but whether Orallo has demonstrated that this court should depart from the law of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Clear error requires more than a mere allegation that a prior panel rendered an unfavorable decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Clear error leadin g to manifest injustice is judged under a \lquote stringent standard\rquote : \lquote A mere suspicion of error, no matter how well supported, does not warrant reopening an already decided point.\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12400368\charrsid3566268 Toro Co. v. White Consol. Indus.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , Inc.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 383 F.3d 1326, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (quoting }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Gindes v. United States}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 , 740 F.2d 947, 950 (Fed. Cir. 1984)).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3566268 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 Orallo has failed to make such a showing.}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5003570\charrsid3566268 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s19\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14118652 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs20\super\insrsid3686658 \chftn }{\insrsid3686658 \~I agree that Orallo\rquote s arguments on appeal are unpersuasive but do not believe they are necessarily frivolous.}}} {\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 SEQ CHAPTER \\h \\r 1}}{\fldrslt }}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066059\charrsid3566268 \par }}