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Valdes, }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Esq.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \par Assistant Alternate Public Defender \par Alternate Public Defender \par Suite 902 Pacific News Bldg. \par 238 A.F.C. Flores St. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910 \par \cell }{\ul\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 For Plaintiff}{\ul\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\ul\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellee:}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \par Marianne Woloschuk, }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Esq.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \par Assistant Attorney General \par Office of the Attorney General \par General Crimes Div. \par 287 W. O\rquote Brien Dr. \par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910 \par \cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trkeep\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth5670\clshdrawnil \cellx5670 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3690\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \par BEFORE:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice. \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 TYDINGCO}{\b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 GATEWOOD, J.:}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [1]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Defendant}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellant Robert Edward Campbell appeals his conviction by a jury of six counts of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a First Degree Felony), six counts of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a First Degree Felony), and one count of Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a Second Degree Felony).}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell argues that:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ( 1) there was insufficient evidence to uphold each conviction regarding minor victim J.L. because there was evidence that the alleged crimes did not occur on the dates as specified in the indictment; (2) there was insufficient evidence that the minor victi ms N.L.N., A.M., and J.L. were under the age of fourteen, and that minor victim B.S. was at least fourteen but less than sixteen years of age, at the time of the offenses; (3) he received ineffective assistance of counsel due to counsel\rquote s failure to move for judgment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence and after the jury verdict of guilty was returned; and (4) the trial court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the People\rquote s case}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief.}{\insrsid3294910 \par }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [2]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab We hold, first, that w hile there was no specific evidence that the acts against J.L. occurred during the time frame alleged in the indictment, there was sufficient evidence that the acts occurred in the year 2001, and such evidence is sufficient to uphold the convictions regar ding J.L.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Second, we hold that each victim\rquote s testimony of her age is sufficient to sustain the conviction.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Third, we hold that because the case was properly submitted to the jury for its consideration, Campbell suffered no prejudice and therefore, his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel fails. Finally, we find no error in the trial court\rquote s denial of Campbell\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal. Accordingly, we affirm.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 I.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [3]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab This criminal case arises from Campbell\rquote s alleged criminal sexual offenses involving four female minors:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 J.L., N.L.N., A.M., and B.S.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [4]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The People filed a Magistrate\rquote s Complaint on October 29, 2003 at the Superior Court of Guam.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On November 6, 2003, the grand jury indicted Campbell on three charges of Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The case went to trial.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 At the close of the People\rquote s case}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief, Campbell\rquote s trial counsel moved for a judgment of acquittal, arguing that the People failed to provide sufficient evidence for any reasonable jury to convict on the charges alleged.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 T he trial court denied the motion.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The motion was not renewed at the close of all the evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [5]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The jury returned a verdict of guilty on all counts1{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536623 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid3294910 1}{\fs20\insrsid3294910 Count 2 of Charge 3, Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct}{\fs20\insrsid5536623 (A}{\fs20\insrsid3294910 s a Second Degree Felony), was subsequen tly dismissed with prejudice.}} and charges submitted to it, to wit: }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\ul\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 FIRST CHARGE}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 First Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 16, 2003, in Guam , ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cunnilingus on N.L.N. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 05}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Second Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 16, 2003, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cunnilingus on A.M. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 27}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Third Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 19, 2003, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cunnilingus on N.L.N. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 05}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Fourth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cunnilingus on J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Fifth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, but on a date different from that alleged in the Fourth Count above, in Guam, ROBE RT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by causing his finger to enter the vagina of J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Sixth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, but at a time different from that alleged in the Sixth Count (sic) above, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cun nilingus on J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.15(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\ul\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 SECOND CHARGE}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 First Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 16, 2003, in Guam , ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact with another, to wit: by causing his mouth to touch the vagina of N.L.N. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 05}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Second Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 16, 2003, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact with another, to wit: by causing his mouth to touch the vagina of A.M. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 27}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Third Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 19, 2003, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact with another, to wit: by causing his mouth to touch the vagina of N.L.N. (DOB: 11}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 05}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Fourth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact, to wit: by causing his mouth to touch the vagina of J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Fifth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, but on a date different from that alleged in the S econd Charge Fourth Count above, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact, to wit: by causing his finger to touch the vagina of J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Sixth Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001, but at a time different from that alleged in the Second Charge Sixth Count (sic) above, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did intentionally engage in sexual contact, to wit: by causing his month to touch the vagina of J.L. (DOB: 12}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 29}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 90), a minor under fourteen (14) years of age, in violation of 9 GCA \'a7\'a7 25.20(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\ul\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 THIRD CHARGE}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 First Count}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 On or about October 16, 2003, in Guam, ROBERT EDWARD CAMPBELL, did i ntentionally engage in sexual penetration with another, to wit: by performing cunnilingus on B.S. (DOB: 09}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 30}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 89), who is at least fourteen (14) years of age and less than sixteen (16) year of age, in violation of 9 GCA}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \'a7\'a7 25.25(a)(1) and (b).}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Defendant}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellant\rquote s Excerpts of Record (}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ER}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ), at 5}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 (Indictment, Nov. 6, 2003).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [6]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell\rquote s trial counsel did not move for a judgment of acquittal after the return of the guilty verdict.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The trial court entered the Judgment on the docket on June 2, 2005.2{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5536623 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \super\insrsid3294910 2}{\fs20\insrsid3294910 The Judgment does not refer to the jury\rquote s conviction of six counts of the second charge of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a First Degree Felony). We presume this is because, pursuant to }{ \i\fs20\insrsid3294910 People v. Moran}{\fs20\insrsid3294910 , 463 P.2d 763 (Cal. 1970), the conviction of six counts of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (As a First Degree Felony) is controlling over the lesser-included charges of Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}}}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell \rquote s appeal followed.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 II.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [7]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab We have jurisdiction over an appeal from a final judgment of conviction pursuant to 48 U.S.C. 1424}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 1(a)(1), 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107 and 3108 (2005), and 8 GCA \'a7130.15(a) (2005).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 III.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 A.\tab Sufficiency of the Evidence: The Date of the Alleged Crime Against J.L.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [8]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The first issue we address is whether there exists sufficient evidence to support the jury\rquote s conviction of charges regarding J.L., in particular, whether there was evidence that such acts occurred }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [o]n or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ER, at 5}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 (Indictment, Nov. 6, 2003).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The gist of Campbell\rquote s argument under his claim of insufficiency of the evidence regarding the dates as alleged in the indictment is that there was a failure of proof \endash what he terms a variance in the evidence \endash because the indictment alleges that the offenses occurred in the period of June 1 to July 31, 2001, whereas the trial evidence, including the stipulation of fact, established that the offense occurred in June of 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [9]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Claims of error based on variance are treated as an attack on the sufficiency of the evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Jenkins}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 779 F.2d 606, 616 (11th Cir. 1986) (treating a variance as }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 one form of challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Messino}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 382 F.3d 704, 709 (7th Cir. 2004) (}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Claims of fatal variance, such as this one, are treated as an attack on the sufficiency of the evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Whether characterized as a question of variance or sufficiency of the evidence, the issues are the same.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 e.g.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Arbelaez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 719 F.2d 1453, 1457}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 58 (9th Cir. 1983).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 1.\tab Standard of Review Governing Sufficiency of the Evidence}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [10]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The inquiry on review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction is }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 whether the evidence in the record could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Maysho}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2005 Guam 4 \'b6 8 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Guerrero}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2003 Guam 18 \'b6 13).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The evidence is sufficient to support a conviction if, in reviewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People, any rational trier of fac t could have found beyond a reasonable doubt the essential elements of the crime charged.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Maysho, }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 2005 Guam 4 \'b6 8 (citing }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Guerrero}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2003 Guam 18 \'b613); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also United States v. Birges}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 723 F.2d 666, 672 (9th Cir. 1984); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Doe}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 136 F.3d 631, 636 (9th Cir. 1998).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 This is a highly deferential standard of review.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Sangalang, }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 2001 Guam 18 \'b6 20 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Reyes, }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 1998 Guam 32 \'b6 7).}{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [11]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell failed to object to any evidence or testimony admitted which varied from the dates as alleged in the indictment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 By failing to object to evidence of acts occurring outside of June 1 to July 31, 2001, Campbell has waived this allegation of error.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See Hobson v. State} {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 495 N.E.2d 741, 746 (Ind. Ct. App. 1986) (where defendant claimed insufficiency of evidence because of}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 two year variance}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in date alleged and date proved at trial, the trial court held: }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 By failing to object to this evidence at trial, [the defendant] has [] waived this allegation of error.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Thus, we review the sufficiency of the evidence for plain error.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Rone,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 598 F.2d 564, 572 (9th Cir. 1979).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We have stated that under plain error review, we }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 will not reverse unless (1) there was an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious under current law; (3) the error affected substantial rights; and (4) a miscarriage of justice would otherwise occur.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Jones}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2006 Guam 13 \'b6 24 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Jung}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2001 Guam 15 \'b6 50); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 GCA \'a7 130.50 (2005).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 2.\tab Variance}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [12]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The general rule [is] that allegations and proof must correspond . . . .}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Berger v. United States}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 295 U.S. 78, 82 (1935); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also United States v. Stirone}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 361 U.S. 212 (1960).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The purpose of such rule is twofold:}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 it ensures t hat a defendant is given proper notice of the charges so that he may present a defense, and it protects a defendant against the possibility of being prosecuted again for the same offense.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See Berger}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 295 U.S. at 82.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 As explained by the United States Supreme Court: }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The true inquiry, therefore, is not whether there has been a variance in proof, but whether there has been such a variance as to \lquote affect the substantial rights' of the accused. The general rule that allegations and proof must correspond is base d upon the obvious requirements (1) that the accused shall be definitely informed as to the charges against him, so that he may be enabled to present his defense and not be taken by surprise by the evidence offered at the trial; and (2) that he may be pro tected against another prosecution for the same offense. }{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [13]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab With respect to a variance between the date of the offense as alleged and the date of the offense as proved at trial, a number of jurisdictions hold that while time is an important part of a n indictment for sexual offenses, it is not generally considered a substantive part of the charging document.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See State v. McGriff}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 566 S.E.2d 776, 780 (N.C. Ct. App. 2002);}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tingley v. State}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 549 So. 2d 649, 649}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 50 (Fla. 1989); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Fears}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 659 S.W.2d 370, 374 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1983); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Marn v. People}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 486 P.2d 424, 427 (Colo. 1971); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Faulkner v. State}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 390 S.W.2d 754 (Tex. Crim. App. 1965); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Lear v. Commonwealth}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 77 S.E.2d 424, 427 (Va. 1953); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Amy}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 223 P.2d 69, 71 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1950).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Rather, }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [t]ime is a material element of an offense only if made so by statute.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Laykin}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 886 F.2d 1534, 1543 (9th Cir. 1989).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [14]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In this case, in order to prove First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, there must exist evidence of the following elements:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 (1) defendant engaged in sexual penetration with another; and (2) the victim is under fourteen (14) years of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 9 GCA \'a725.15(a)(1) (2005).}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [15]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab To prove Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, there must exist evidence of the following elements: (1) defendant engaged in sexual contact with another; and (2) the other person is under fourteen (14) years of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 9 GCA \'a725.20 (a)(2) (2005). }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [16]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab A review of the above statutory sections reveals that time is in fact not a material element of the offense of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct (First Charge, Counts 4, 5, 6), nor is it a material element of the offense of Second Degree Cr iminal Sexual Conduct (Second Charge, Counts 4, 5, 6).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [17]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Nonetheless, while time is not an element of criminal sexual conduct, a conviction may be attacked if the evidence at trial demonstrates that the date proved was not }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 reasonably near}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 the date alleged in the indictment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Atoigue, }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 DCA No. CR 91}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 95A, S.C. No. CF0023}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 91, 1992 WL 245628, at *7 (D. Guam App. Div. Sept. 11, 1992).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Appellate Division of the District Court of Guam has held, in applying Guam\rquote s criminal sexual conduct statute, that }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [s]ince time is not an element of criminal sexual conduct (9 G.C.A. \'a7 25.15(a)), \lquote it is sufficient if the evidence demonstrates }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 a date reasonably near}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 the date alleged in the indictment. }{\insrsid6489702\charrsid7674376 \'b7}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid6489702\charrsid7674376 \'b7}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid6489702\charrsid7674376 \'b7}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [P]roof of any date before the return of the indictment and within the statute of limitations is sufficient.\rquote }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 3{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\widctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10163190 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid3294910 3}{ \fs20\insrsid3294910 Here, we find that the proof presented at trial indicated dates that fell within the relevant statute of limitations, and before the return of the indictment. First, the dates proved at trial (the year 2001 and June of 2002) are dates prior to the return of the indictment. Second, J.L. was a minor who had not reached the age of consent \endash both in 2001 and 2002, and thus such dates fall within the statute of limitations. }{ \i\fs20\insrsid3294910 See}{\fs20\insrsid3294910 8 GCA \'a7 10.15 (2005) (p roviding for a three-year statute of limitations after the minor reaches the age of consent). However, we must still overcome the requirement that the proved date, if a variance, is a date that is \'93within reasonable limits\'94 or \'93reasonably near. \'94}}}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 at *7 (emphasis added) (quoting }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Bowman,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 783 F.2d 1192, 1197 (5th Cir. 1986)).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 As long as a defendant is neither surprised nor hampered in preparing his defense, there can be a variance between the dates proved at trial and those alleged in an indictment or information.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tingley}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 549 So. 2d at 650;}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Tsinhnahijinnie}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 112 F.3d 988, 991 (9th Cir. 1997).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab \tab }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 a.\tab Stipulation re:}{\b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Lease Agreement}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [18]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell points this court to the evidence that the alleged acts occurred against J.L. two weeks }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 after she moved into Rosie\rquote s apartments.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellant\rquote s Brief, at 12 (Mar. 9, 2006). Campbell then concludes that the only reliable and credible evidence presented at trial as to the date that J.L. and her mother moved into Rosie\rquote s Apartments is the lease agreement that indicates that the lease term began on June 1, 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell then argues that, because the People stipulated to the admission of the lease agreement into evidence, the People }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 essentially agreed that [J.L.] moved i nto the complex on the date indicated on the lease.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellant\rquote s Brief, at 12 (Mar. 9, 2006).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 As a result, Campbell argues, that the jury could not have found that the acts occurred as alleged in the indictment, which was one year earlier.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [19]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab However, an extensive review of the trial record reveals that the parties stipulated only to the }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 admission}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 of Defense Exhibits D and E, which were the lease agreements of J.L.\rquote s mother with Rosie\rquote s Apartments complex.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Transcript (}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tr.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ) at 45 (Jury Trial, Sept. 21, 2004).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The parties did not, as Campbell argues, stipulate as to J.L.\rquote s move}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in date.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The relevant dialogue between counsel and the trial court is as follows:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Your Honor, Mr. Flores is present.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Okay.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Before we call him in, can we ask the Jury to come in, Mr. Cruz, please?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ms. Moton:\tab Your Honor, we\rquote ll stipulate to the admission of the lease agreement and the fact that they moved in in June of 2002.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab That being said, Your Honor, if they\rquote ll stipulate to that being admitted, then the evidence, all I would request at this time is that we publish it to the Jury and that we can excuse Mr. Flores.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Okay, very well.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab And I do have the copies of two lease agreements that I gave to the government.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And I guess we can mark this one as Defense Exhibit D, I think; and this would be E.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ms. Moton:\tab Your Honor, I think it would be more appropriate instead of including the entire lease agreem ent, just to prepare a written stipulation that they lived in Rosie\rquote s Apartment from June 2002 through whatever the lease agreement, the ending date is.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Well, I don\rquote t see \endash I don\rquote t see how that\rquote s any different than the lease agreement.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 But I mean, a stipulation that says that [J.L.] and her mother moved into Rosie\rquote s Apartment June 2nd, 2002.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ms. Moton:\tab June 1st, 2002?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab June 1st, 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And that [J.L.] and her mother were there.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Excuse me, Your Honor, just so I can peruse this for a second?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 (Pause for Defense Counsel)}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab I can\rquote t keep the Jury waiting at the gates here, Counsel.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Yes, Your Honor, I apologize.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Then I would just \endash they said they would stipulate to have those entered.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 I would just ask that those be entered at this time.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Call the Jury in.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 (Pause for Jury to be Called)}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Marshal:\tab Please rise for the Jury.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 (Pause for Jury to be Seated)}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Marshal:\tab Please be seated.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Welcome back, ladies and gentlemen of the Jury.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We \rquote ll continue on with the Defense calling their witness.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Yes, Your Honor.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The government \endash or, the Defense was going to call Mr. Flores.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 He\rquote s the Custodian for Calvo\rquote s and Rosie\rquote s Apartment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Your Honor, a stipulation has been entered into.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We\rquote ve stipulated to admitting an exhibit into evidence; I think it\rquote s Defense Exhibits D and E.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 So, with that being said, Your Honor, I would like to publish that to the Jury.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And if we could go ahead and excuse Mr. Flores outside?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Okay, ladies and gentlemen of the Jury, this is a stipulation \endash meaning an agreement \endash between the Prosecutor and Defense.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And they\rquote re agreeing to allow a certain piece of evidence come in without any objections from both sides, and that would be the lease agreement to Rosie\rquote s Apartment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Is that correct?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab That\rquote s correct, Your Honor.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab And Mr. Flores is the building manager.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And he\rquote s requesting the Court to release him because he was going to testify to the contents of the lease agreement.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Right?}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab And then this is just the [J.L.] lease agreement.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Make them look at it.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Yes, Your Honor.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court: \tab And that would be}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Defense Exhibit E and D.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Okay, there being no objections, the Court is going to admit this into evidence.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Mr. Teker:\tab Thank you, Your Honor.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 May I publish it to the Jury?}{ \insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The Court:\tab Yes, it may be published to the Jury.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Published}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 means we\rquote re going to show it to you.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Okay?}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 It\rquote s just like what we had published earlier in other matters.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And Mr. Flores is excused.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tr. at 44}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 46 (Jury Trial, Sept. 21, 2004). }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [20]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab We find nothing in the record, inclusive of the dialogue above, to indicate that the parties stipulated that J.L.\rquote s move}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in date was June 1, 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, Campbell\rquote s reliance on such purported stipulation, as the primary basis of his argument that a one}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 year impermissible variance exists in this case, is misplaced.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Rather, the lease agreement and its contents, including the lease agreement date of June 1, 2002, is but another form of evidence presented to the jury for its consideration.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [21]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Because our inquiry here today is whether, looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury verdict, there exists sufficient evidence that the offense occurre d on the dates as alleged in the indictment, we now turn to examine such evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 b.\tab Evidence of acts occurring on or about the period between June 1, 2001 and July 31, 2001}{\b\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [22]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The charges pertaining to J.L. allege that the offenses occurred on or about the period between June 1, 2001 to July 31, 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [23]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Viewing in the light most favorable to the jury verdict, J.L. testified that the acts occurred about one or two weeks after she had moved into Rosie\rquote s Apartments.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 After refreshing her memory by reading her written statement to the police, J.L. testified that she had moved into the apartment either in 2000 or 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 } {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Also, the police statement was dated October 2003, and J.L. stated in such written statement that she met Campbell when she first mov ed into the apartment two years before, which would indicate that she moved into the apartment in 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 J.L. further testified that the incident occurred when she was 10 or 11.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Thus, this would have been either in 2000 or 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [24]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab However, while we f ind that there was sufficient evidence that the offenses occurred in 2001, we are also faced with the fact that there exists no evidence that such offenses occurred in any particular month in 2001, including the months of June and July, as alleged in the indictment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [25]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Nonetheless, we find that no fatal variance exists in this case because evidence that the offense occurred some time in the year 2001 is a }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 date reasonably near}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 to June 1 to July 31, 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In other words, had there been proof that the offenses occurred, for example, in January 2001 or at the end of the year, December 2001, such variance measuring five or six months at the most has been held to be }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 reasonably near}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 enough to uphold a conviction.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See United States v. Covington}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 411 F.2d 1087, 1088 (4th Cir. 196) (six}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 month variance was not fatal); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Harrell}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 737 F.2d 971, 981 (11th Cir. 1984) (conviction was upheld where there was a variance of four to five months \endash specifically, alleged date in indictment was February, but evidence showed that the crime was committed in the summer); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Odom}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 736 F.2d 104, 118 (4th Cir. 1984) (upholding conviction despite variance of one to two months).}{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [26]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Moreover, we find that Campbell has failed to establish that he was substantially prejudiced as a result. }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Variance in the proof is grounds for reversal only when it affects the defendant\rquote s \lquote substantial rights.\rquote }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Flaherty}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 668 F.2d 566, 582 (1st Cir. 1981) (quoting }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Berger}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 295 U.S. at 82); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Cina}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 699 F.2d 853, 858}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 59 (7th Cir. 1983) (holding that, where the defendant did not argue that the difference between the allegation and proof prejudiced his ability to provide a defense, the variance was harmless).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, under our plain error review of the sufficiency of the evidence in this case, we hold that sufficient evidence exists to support the jury\rquote s verdict of guilty as to Counts 4 through 6 of Charge 1, and Counts 4 through 6 of Charge 2.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [27]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab This result is consistent with c ase law in the area of child sexual abuse, where it is held that despite a lack of specific proof as to the date of the offense, a conviction may be upheld as long as the child victim is able to testify as to a general time period and, more importantly, t he specific sexual acts which occurred, so as to allow the defendant to adequately prepare a defense and not incur surprise at trial.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [28]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Wood}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 319 S.E.2d 247, 249}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 50 (N.C. 1984), the child victim was unable to testify with any certainty as to the date that the sexual offenses occurred, and could only testify that it happened on a weekend some time before Memorial Day weekend and that she was still in school.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Upholding the conviction, the court observed:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We have stated repeatedly that in th e interests of justice and recognizing that young children cannot be expected to be exact regarding times and dates, a child\rquote s uncertainty as to time or date upon which the offense charged was committed goes to the weight rather than the admissibility of the evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id. }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 at 249 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Effler,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 309 S.E.2d 203 (N.C. 1983); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also State v. King,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 123 S.E.2d 486 (N.C. 1962); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Sills,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 317 S.E.2d 379 (N.C. 1984)).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Thus, the court held that }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [n]onsuit may not be allowed on the ground that the State's evidence fails to fix any definite time for the offense where there is sufficient evidence that defendant committed each essential act of the offense.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Wood}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 319 S.E.2d at 249.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [29]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Also, in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Harp}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 798 N.Y.S.2d 235, 236 (N.Y. App. Div. 20 05), the defendant claims that the prosecutor did not present proof of the specific dates of each individual act of sexual contact.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 However, the court found that }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [a]ny inconsistencies or vagueness regarding dates, times and details of the victims\rquote encounters with defendant did not render their testimony incredible as a matter of law.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, the convictions were upheld.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [30]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In addition, the cases relied upon by Campbell are distinguishable from the case at bar.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tsinhnahijinnie}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , the main issue was not whether the date on the indictment was reasonably near to the date proved at trial, but whether there was sufficient evidence to prove the crime for which the defendant was indicted.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See Tsinhnahijinnie}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 112 F.3d at 992.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Unlike the prosecutor in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tsinhnahijinnie}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , wherein he did not present evidence that the crime occurred on the dates stated in the indictment, the prosecutor in this case proved that the crime may have occurred on the dates stated in the indictment.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Moreover, unlike the victim in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tsinhnahijinnie}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , who plainly testified that she did not remember sexual abuse occurring on the year stated in the indictment, we find that J.L. in this case testified that the incident possibly occurred on the year stated in the indictment.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 J.L. testified that the incident occurred when she was 10 or 11 years old.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Thus, this would have been either in 2000 or 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Although there was some conflicting evidence that J.L. may have moved into the apartments in 2002, the duty to weigh the evidence lay wi thin the jury.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The important point is that the prosecutor in this case, unlike the prosecutor in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tsinhnahijinnie}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , presented evidence that showed that sexual abuse had occurred on the date stated in the indictment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, we find that the jury weigh ed the evidence presented at trial and found beyond a reasonable doubt that the incident occurred in 2001.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [31]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Casterline}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 103 F.3d 76, 78 (9th Cir. 1996), the evidence presented w as without contradiction, that the defendant at all times, during the period in question, was locked up in one place, and the weapons were locked up in another place, both under government control.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Unlike }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Casterline,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in which evidence was not contrad icted and thus would have been clearly impossible for a jury to find against the defendant, this case has conflicting evidence that would have allowed the jury to decide which evidence to believe.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 First, J.L.\rquote s statement to the police and her testimony during trial shows that the offenses occurred either in 2000 or 2001.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Second, J.L. also testified that she did not remember the exact year and that it could have been in 2000, 2001, or 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Third, Officer Meno testified that J.L. told him she had moved in to the apartment in 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Fourth, Campbell testified that he had met J.L. in March or April of 2002.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, while we find that there was evidence showing that the incident may have occurred in 2002, we also find that there was evidence showing that the incident possibly occurred in 2001, which is the year that was used in the indictment.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Thus, similar to }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Casterline }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 and }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tsinhnahijinnie}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , the issue was not what a }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 reasonably near}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 date was, but whether there was sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt\emdash in this case, the jury found that there was\emdash to prove that the sexual abuse occurred in 2001. }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [32]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Having found that there was sufficient evidence that the offenses occurred in the year 2001, that any variance in this case is immaterial, and that Ca mpbell was not prejudiced by the lack of evidence in regards to a specific month in 2001, we now turn our discussion to another of Campbell\rquote s argument: whether the trial court failed to provide the jury with an instruction in regards to the definition of a stipulation of fact. }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-2160\li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab \tab c.\tab Jury instruction on the definition of stipulation}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [33]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell argues that the trial court did not provide a jury instruction defining a stipulation of fact.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell believes that this lack of jury instruction contributed to the jury\rquote s confusion and its obvious disregard of the stipulated evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell supports this contention by citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Houston}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 547 F.2d 104, 107 (9th Cir. 1976), in which the court found that when parties enter into stipulations as to material facts, those facts will be deemed to have been conclusively proved, and the jury may be so instructed.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We hold that while the jury may be so instructed, the trial court is not obligated to make such instruction, especially if the defense failed to request for such jury instruction.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 GCA \'a7 90.19 (2005).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [N]o party may assign as er ror any portion of an instruction or omission therefrom unless he objects thereto stating distinctly the matter to which he objects and the grounds of his objection.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 GCA \'a7 90.19 (c).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We find that Campbell not only failed to request for an instruct ion regarding the stipulation, but he also failed to object to the instruction given to the jury for lack of a definition of stipulation of fact.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Therefore, we hold that Campbell cannot argue now that the jurors were confused in regard to the stipulated evidence because no instruction was ever made to the jury on the definition of what stipulation of fact is.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [34]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Further, }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 when there is no objection to the jury instructions at the time of [the] trial, \lquote an appellate court\rquote will review only for plain error.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 2, \'b6 21 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Bracy}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 67 F.3d 1421, 1431 (9th Cir. 1995); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also People v. Demapan}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2004 Guam 24 \'b6 5; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Jung}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2001 Guam 15 \'b6 28.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Plain error is a highly prejudicial error affecting substantial rights.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 2 \'b6 21 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 United States v. Payne}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 944 F.2d 1458, 1463 (9th Cir. 1991)).}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Such error will be found only where necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to maintain the integrity of the judicial process. }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 2 \'b6 21 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ponce}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 51 F.3d at 830).}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We find that the trial court\rquote s lack of instruction regarding the stipulation did not result in a miscar riage of justice because the jury was informed by the court regarding the definition of a stipulation of fact during trial.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tr. at 45 (Jury Trial, Sept. 21, 2004) (}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [L]adies and gentlemen of the Jury, this is a stipulation \endash meaning an agreement \endash between the Prosecution and Defense.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 And they\rquote re agreeing to allow a certain piece of evidence come in without any objections from both sides, and that would be the lease agreement to Rosie\rquote s Apartment.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In addition, 3F of the jury instruction instructs t he jury to consider evidence presented during the course of the trial, including }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 any facts to which all lawyers have agreed or stipulated}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 to.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 See}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tr. at 13 (Jury Trial, Sept. 23, 2004) (}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The evidence from which you are about to decide what the facts are, consist of: (1) sworn testimony of witnesses, both on direct and cross}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 examination regardless of who called the witness; (2) the exhibits which have been received into evidence; (3) any facts to which all the lawyers have agreed or stipulated; and (4) any judicially noticed facts.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Because the jury was aware of the stipulation of fact regarding the lease agreement and considered it as part of the evidence during its deliberation, we hold that there was no miscarriage of justice, nor was the integrity o f judicial process compromised. }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [35]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Thus, Campbell\rquote s insufficiency of evidence in regards to J.L. is without merit.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We find that there was sufficient evidence in the record that could reasonably support a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt as to the charges regarding J.L.\endash First Charge (First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, Counts 4, 5, 6) and Second Charge (Second Degree CSC, Counts 4, 5, 6).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 First, as a threshold matter, we find that Campbell has waived his argument on this issue because of his failure to object to evidence of acts occurring outside of dates alleged in the indictment.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Second, time is not a material element of First or Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Third, while there was no specific evidence that the acts against victi m J.L. occurred during the time frame alleged in the indictment, there was sufficient evidence that the acts occurred in the year 2001, and such evidence is sufficient to uphold the convictions regarding victim J.L.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Finally, we hold that Campbell failed to establish that his defense was hampered or that he was taken by surprise at trial because of the variance in evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 B.\tab Sufficiency of the Evidence:}{\b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Evidence of Age}{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [36]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The next issue we address is wheth er there was sufficient evidence to support all charges wherein it is alleged that N.L.N., J.L., and A.M. were under the age of fourteen and B.S. was at least fourteen but under the age of sixteen at the time of the offense.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We hold that there was sufficient proof of the victims\rquote ages.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [37]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Guam law requires the People to prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Palisoc}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2002 Guam 9 \'b6 12.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 To prove First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, the following relevant elements must be met:}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 (1) the person engages in sexual penetration with the victim, and (2) the victim is under fourteen (14) years of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 9 GCA \'a7 25.15(a)(1).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 To prove Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, the following relevant elements must be met: (1) the person engages in sexual contact with another, and (2) the other person is under fourteen (14) years of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 9 GCA \'a7 25.20(a)(1).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 To prove Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct, the following relevant elements must be met: (1) the person engages in sexual penet ration with another person, and (2) the other person is at least fourteen (14) years of age and under sixteen (16) years of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 9 GCA \'a7 25.25(a)(1). }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [38]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell contends that the element of age was not supported by sufficient competent evidence b ecause the only evidence provided during trial was the testimony of each victim regarding her age, and there was no other evidence provided to support such testimony, such as a birth certificate, passport, driver\rquote s license, or other such documentation to establish their respective ages.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell argues that the People could have called the victims\rquote parents (citing }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Hemmenway}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 120 N.W.2d 561, 565 (S.D. 1963), or the doctors who delivered each victim at birth to testify regarding the victims\rquote respective ages (citing }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 State v. Palmberg}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 97 S.W. 566, 572 (Mo. 1906)).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Although the courts in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Hemmenway } {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 and }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Palmberg}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 indicated that a parent\rquote s testimony or a doctor\rquote s testimony, respectively, was sufficient evidence to prove a victim\rquote s age, we find that neither of these courts indicated that a parent\rquote s or a doctor\rquote s testimony, in addition to a victim\rquote s testimony, is necessary to prove the victim\rquote s age.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [39]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell, citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Meraviglia}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 73 Cal. App. 402, 408 (1925), also contends that a victim\rquote s testimony regarding her age is sufficient if this fact is not disputed.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell contends that because his trial counsel disputed each victim\rquote s age by asking each victim for proof of her age other than just her testimony during the trial, the People was obligated to provide additional evidence that would have proved each victim\rquote s age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We note, however, that the }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Meraviglia }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 court based its ruling on }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Elgar}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 178 P. 168 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1918) and }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Pribnow}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 214 P. 475(Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1923).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In both of these cases, California\rquote s District Court of Appeal indicated that the defendant offered no testimony contradicting the testimony of a witness in regards to the victim\rquote s age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Similarly, Campbell in this case did not offer any testimony to contradict the testimony of each victim regarding her age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Therefore, we find that Campbell \rquote s merely asking each victim for a passport or a birth certificate and the victim\rquote s failing to carry such documents during trial do not contradict each victim\rquote s testimony of her age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [40]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Under Guam law, }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 direct evidence of one witness who is entitled to full credit is sufficient proof of any fact,}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 except in some situations not relevant here.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Muna}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , No. CR94}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 00075A, 1996 WL 104532, at *4 (D. Guam App. Div. Mar. 6, 1996), }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 rev\rquote d}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 on other grounds by }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Guam v. Muna}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 110 F.3d 69, 1997 WL 143782 (9th Cir. Mar. 27, 1997) (unpublished memorandum opinion); 6 GCA \'a7 2501 (2005).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Specifically, 8 GCA \'a7 25.40 (2005) provides the following: }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 the testimony of a victim need not be corroborated in prosecutions under}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \'a7\'a7 25.15, 25.20 and 25.25.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Salas}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2000 Guam 2 \'b6 28; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Flores}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2004 Guam 18 \'b6 31.}{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [41]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Guam is not unique in taking this approach, because these Guam statutes and case law also are supported by other jurisdictions.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 For example, in }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Barger v. State}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 587 N.E. 2d 1304 (Ind. 1992), the court stated that a victim\rquote s uncorroborated testimony is sufficient to convict a defendant in a child molestation case.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 at 1308 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Baxter v. State}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 522 N.E. 2d 362 (Ind. 1988)); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also People v. Bolden}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 598 N.Y.S.2d 603, 605 (N.Y. App. Div 1993) (}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The [victim\rquote s] testimony regarding her date of birth was sufficient to establish that she was under the age of 11 at the relevant times}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 testimony.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 ); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Commonwealth v. Wright}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 799 N.E. 2d 1263, 1264}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 65 (Mass. App. Ct. 2003) (victim\rquote s testimony regarding her age, although equivocal, was sufficient to support conviction).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Cf. Gay v. Sheriff, Clark County}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 508 P.2d 89 1, 2 (Nev. 1973) (holding that a victim\rquote s statement regarding her age is insufficient unless it was made under oath). }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [42]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab As we have just discussed, Guam law considers each victim\rquote s testimony, without corroborating evidence, to be sufficient to prove the age element beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Here, we find that each victim did indeed testify under oath as to her respective age and birth date.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, we hold that N.L.N, J.L., and A.M.\rquote s testimony regarding their age was sufficient to meet the age element of First Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct and Second Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We also hold that B.S.\rquote s testimony was sufficient to meet the age element of Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct. }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [43]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Further, Campbell argues that the jury\rquote s confusion with how to determine age and its request for documents to prove the victims\rquote ages illustrate insufficient evidence in regard to proof of age.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We disagree with Campbell\rquote s conclusion and hold that the jury\rquote s inquiry does not prove insufficient evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Rather, the jury\rquote s inquiry merely shows that the jury was not clear on the jury instructions and, thus, requested for assistance in deciphering about 40 pages of instructions.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In response to the jury\rquote s inquiry of (1) whether or not proof of the victim\rquote s testimony is enough and (2) whether or not it can have additional evidence or proof of their ages, the court responded with the following:}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 testimony of the victim need not be corroborated}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in prosecution of criminal sexual conduct.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 No corroboration of the victim\rquote s testimony is necessary if the victim is believed beyond a reasonable doubt.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The evidence from which you are about to decide what the facts are consist of (1) the sworn testimony of the witnesses both on direct and on cross} {\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 examination regardless of who called the witness; (2) the exhibits; (3) any facts to which all layers have agreed or stipulated to; and (4) any judicially noted facts.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Tr. at 45}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 46 (Jury Trial, Sept. 27, 2004).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell\rquote s trial counsel did not object to these instructions.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Based on these instructions, the jury went back to deliberations and found that based on the victim\rquote s testimony alone, without corroboration, the jury found beyond a reasonable doubt that the victims\rquote ages met the element of age in the First, Second, and Third Degree Criminal Sexual Conduct charges.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [44]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Accordingly, we hold that there was sufficient competent evidence that proved the victims\rquote ages.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Based on Guam law and the jury instructions that a testimony of a witness does not need to be corroborated, the jury found beyond a reasonable doubt that the ages of the victims met the age element of the crimes charged against Campbell.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 C.\tab Ineffective Assistance of Counsel: Failure to Renew the Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [45]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab We next address whether trial counsel\rquote s failure to move for a judg ment of acquittal at the close of all the evidence, and after the return of a guilty verdict, deprived Campbell of his right to effective assistance of counsel.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [46]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab The issue of }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [w]hether a defendant has received ineffective assistance of counsel is a question of law.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 11 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Quintanilla}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 17 \'b6 8).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 However, if the inquiry turns }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 significantly on the facts of a particular case, the issue also becomes a question of fact.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 11 (citing }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Kintaro}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 15 \'b6 10).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Appellant\rquote s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel [is] reviewed }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 de novo}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 .}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 11 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Quintanilla}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 17 \'b6 8); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ueki}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 5; }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 2 \'b6 33.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [47]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Whil e an ineffective assistance of counsel claim may be heard on direct appeal, this court has previously ruled that it is more properly brought as a writ of habeas corpus because the trial record often lacks a sufficient evidentiary basis as to what counsel did, why it was done, and what, if any, prejudice resulted.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Aguirre}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2004 Guam 21 \'b6 36;}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Ueki}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 5; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 14; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also United States v. Quintero}{ \i\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Barraza}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 78 F.3d 1344, 1347 (9th Cir. 1995); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 1999 Guam 2 \'b6 33.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The inverse of this general rule is that the merits of an ineffective assistance claim may be appropriate for direct review if the record is sufficiently complete to make a proper finding. }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Aguirre}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2004 Guam 21 \'b6 36; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also Ueki}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 4 \'b6 5; }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 14; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Quintero}{\i\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Barraza}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 78 F.3d at 1347; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Perez}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 2 \'b6 33.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [48]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must show, first, that the }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 counsel\rquote s performance was deficient,}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 and second, that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense so as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 12 (citing}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Quintanilla, }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 1998 Guam 17 \'b6 8); }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also Strickland v. Wash.}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 466 U.S. 668 (1984).}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [49]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab However, we need not first determine whether counsel\rquote s performanc e was deficient before examining the prejudice suffered by the defendant as a result of the alleged deficiencies.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Strickland}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 466 U.S. at 697.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Rather, if an ineffectiveness claim may be disposed of on the ground of lack of sufficient prejudice, that course should be followed.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Id.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [50]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab To establish that defendant was prejudiced by counsel\rquote s ineffective assistance, }{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [t]he defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel\rquote s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Strickland}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 466 U.S. at 694; }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also Quintanilla}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 17 \'b6 15.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 An appellant must affirmatively prove actual prejudice in orde r to support a claim for ineffective assistance.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Quintanilla}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 17 \'b6 16.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Most importantly for the case }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 sub judice}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , a defendant suffers no prejudice for counsel\rquote s failure to renew a motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict where the case is properly submitted to the jury for its consideration in the first instance.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Guerrero}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2001 Guam 19 \'b6 20.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid6489702\charrsid7674376 }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [51]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In this case, Campbell\rquote s trial counsel moved for judgment of acquittal at the close}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 of the People\rquote s case}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The trial court denied the motion.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Counsel did not renew the motion at the close of all the evidence, or upon the return of the jury verdict.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Campbell contends that the failure to renew such motion resulted in an ineffective assistance of counsel because the trial court was deprived of the opportunity to determine whether there was sufficient evidence presented to the jury that the acts against J.L. occurred on the dates as alleged in the indictment, particularly in light of the evidenc e of the lease agreement.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 He argues further that the trial court also lacked the opportunity to determine whether there was sufficient evidence presented to the jury regarding the age of each of the victims.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [52]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab In light of our holdings with respect to each of these evidentiary issues raised by Campbell, we are compelled to find that Campbell suffered no prejudice by counsel\rquote s failure to renew the motion for judgment of acquittal pursuant to 8 GCA \'a7\'a7 100.10 and 100.30.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In other words, because we find that there was sufficient evidence presented regarding the date of the acts against J.L., and further, that there was sufficient evidence presented regarding the age of each of the victims, the case was properly submitted to the jury for its consideration.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 As previously stated, where, as here, a charge is properly submitted to the jury, no prejudice may result by the failure of trial counsel to renew a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, absent a showing of prejudice, Campbell\rquote s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel fails.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 D. \tab Trial Court\rquote s Failure to Reference Specific Evidence in Denying Motion for Acquittal at Close of People\rquote s Case}{ \b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Chief}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [53]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Finally, we address whether the trial court erred in denying Campbell\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the People\rquote s case}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief, where the court failed to cite to specific evidence in the trial record to form its basis of denial.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We find that the trial court\rquote s denial of Campbell\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal was proper.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [54]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Guam criminal procedure statutes provide in part the following language for motion for acquittal:}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The court on motion of a defendant or on its own motion shall order the entry of a judgment of acquittal of one or more offenses charged in the indictment, information or complaint after the evidence on either side is closed if the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction of such offense or offenses. }{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 8 GCA \'a7 100.10 (2005).}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Decisions made pursuant to this rule are reviewed }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 de novo}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 .}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Jung,}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 2001 Guam 15 \'b6 21 (citing }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Quinata}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 6 \'b6 9); }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 People v. Cruz}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 18 \'b6 8; }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 4.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In conducting this review, courts apply the same test as that used to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 " }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Jung}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 2001 Guam 15 \'b6 21 (quoting }{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Quinata}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 6 \'b6 9);}{\i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Root}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1999 Guam 25 \'b6 4;}{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 see also Cruz}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 , 1998 Guam 18 \'b6 9.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 The standard of review for sufficiency of the evidence as discussed above, in }{ \i\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 de novo}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 .}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [55]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell first contends that the trial court erroneously denied the defense counsel\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal because the trial court did not cite or make reference to any specific evidence that warrants a denial of the motion.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 However, we find that Campbell failed to cite any authority to support this contention.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Because the trial court denied the motion after the People\rquote s case}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief, the trial court made its ruling based on the testimony of the People\rquote s witnesses:}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 the four victims; the victims\rquote friend Preciosa Petrus; and Guam Police Department officers Apuron, Lizama, and Dodd.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{ \insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In addition, the trial court also based its ruling on exhibits and materials admitted into evidence during the People\rquote s case}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Further, as argued by the People, the trial court, in denying the motion, based its decision on }{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 all the evidence that was introduced to this court,}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 "}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in the light most favorable to the People and from which a rational trier of fact could find sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [56]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Campbell then contends that even if the trial court had made reference to specific evidence, the trial court erred in denying the motion because the People failed to prove the victims\rquote ages.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 In viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the People, we find that there was sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that the victims\rquote ages are what each victim claims it to be.}{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [57]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in denying the defense counsel\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal after the People\rquote s case}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief because the People provided sufficient evidence in regards to the victims\rquote ages.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 IV.}{\insrsid7674376 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7674376 {\insrsid7674376 \par }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 [58]}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 \tab We hold that while there was no specific evidence that the acts victim J.L. occurred during the time frame alleged in the indictment, there was sufficient evidence that the acts occurred in the year 2001, and such evidence is sufficient to uphold the convictions regarding J.L.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We further hold that each victim\rquote s testimony of her age is sufficient to sustain the convictions.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 We also hold that the claim of ineffective assistance of counsel was without merit because Campbell was not prejudiced.}{ \insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Lastly, we hold that because there was sufficient evidence, the trial court did not err in denying Campbell\rquote s motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the People\rquote s case}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 in}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 -}{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 chief.}{\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 Accordingly, the trial court judgment of conviction is }{\b\insrsid3294910\charrsid7674376 AFFIRMED.}{\b\insrsid7674376\charrsid7674376 }{\insrsid7674376 \par }}