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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 ROSALIND M. SINLAO,
\par }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Plaintiff-Appellee,}{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 vs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 KID D. SINLAO,
\par }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Defendant-Appellant}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Supreme Court Case No. CVA04-033
\par Superior Court Case No. DM 0867-03}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 OPINION}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Filed: December 23, 2005}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2005 Guam 24}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam 
\par Argued and submitted on June 29, 2005
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trkeep\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone 
\cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil \cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\pard 
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid3162196 {\ul\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appearing for Plaintiff-Appellee}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 : 
\par Joaquin C. Arriola, Jr., }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Esq}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 .
\par Jacqueline Taitano Terlaje, }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Esq.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par Arriola Cowan & Arriola
\par 259 Martyr St., Ste. 201 C& A Prof. Bldg.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, GU 96910
\par \cell }{\ul\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appearing for Defendant-Appellant}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 : 
\par David J. Highsmith, }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Esq.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par The Law Office of David J. Highsmith, P.C.
\par Ste. 209, Union Bank of Cal. Bldg.
\par 194 Hernan Cortes Ave.
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96910\cell }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
\ts11\trgaph120\trleft0\trkeep\trhdr\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trpaddl120\trpaddr120\trpaddfl3\trpaddfr3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4860\clshdrawnil 
\cellx4860\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4500\clshdrawnil \cellx9360\row }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par BEFORE:}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; FRANCES M. TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, Associate Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 TYDINGCO-GATEWOOD, J.:}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
\par }{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [1]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Defendant-Appellant Kid D. Sinlao appeals the trial court\rquote s division of community property and debt in this divorce action.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 He argues that the trial court\rquote s division resulted in Plaintiff-Appellee Rosalind M. Sinlao receiving an inequitably larger share of community property in violation of}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Guam law which mandates that in a dissolution of marriage by decree rendered on any ground other than that of adultery or extreme cruelty, the community property shall be divided equally between the parties.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We hold, first, that Title 19 GCA \'a7 8414 vests this court with the authority to revise the trial court\rquote 
s division of community property even absent an abuse of discretion by the trial court. Such authority, however, is to be exercised only when there is manifest unfairness in the trial court\rquote s division of property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  
}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We next hold that while there is no requirement that the trial court\rquote s division be mathematically equal when dividing community property in dissolution cases based on irreconci
lable differences; rather, the trial court should strive for an equal division, as required by Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b), by evaluating the circumstances of each particular case and considering the overall equality of the award.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Our review of the trial court\rquote s award reveals that the assets and debt of the marriage were almost evenly divided between the parties.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We find no manifest unfairness in the trial court\rquote s division of the Sinlaos\rquote  community property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We therefore affirm.}{\insrsid3162196 

\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 I.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [2]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The parties are dental assistants who met in 1991, married on January 4, 1993, and have two children.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 A few years after they married, the couple began experiencing marital discord.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The parties separated briefly in 1995, reconciled, and separated again in 2003 when Rosalind filed for divorce.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
After the complaint was filed, the parties and their families entered into a written agreement to reconcile, which proved fruitless, as the couple finally separated January 2004.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [3]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab During a bench trial in August 2004, the parties testi
fied regarding their community assets and debt, which included the Dededo marital home mortgaged to Citizens Security Bank, the parties\rquote  vehicles (a 1997 Honda Civic and 2000 Toyota Tacoma), property in the Philippines, a savings account, Kid
\rquote s retirement account, income tax refunds from 2002 and 2003, a USA Federal Credit Union Visa credit account, and an auto loan for the Toyota Tacoma with Pentagon Federal Credit Union.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Testimony was also presented that the parties entered into an agreement}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 with Kid\rquote s 
sister Gloria Mariano, to buy property in NCS, and paid her $23,600 for their portion of the sale price.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The sale never materialized, and Gloria Mariano obtained a judgment against the seller in Superior Court Civil Case No. CV1600-99.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The trial court i
ssued Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law regarding the property division and custody.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The trial court awarded Rosalind the marital home, the Honda Civic, and the Philippine property.
}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The court awarded Kid his 401(k) and the Toyota Tacoma.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The court
 divided equally the tax refunds, savings account and household furnishings, appliances and effects.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The trial court ordered Rosalind to pay the mortgage to Citizens Security Bank and the Visa account, and ordered Kid to pay the Toyota Tacoma auto loan.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The trial court determined that despite the parties\rquote 
 community interest in the judgment in Civil Case No. CV1600-99, the judgment is of no value because the judgment is not in their name and they had not received reimbursement from the judgment creditor. }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [4]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab 
 The Interlocutory Decree of Divorce expressly provided that the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law were incorporated by reference into the Interlocutory Decree, and the Final Decree of Divorce reaffirmed and incorporated the provisions of the Int
erlocutory Decree.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 These decrees were entered onto the Superior Court docket.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid\rquote s appeal followed.}{
\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 II.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [5]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab This court has jurisdiction over an appeal of a decree of divorce entered in the Superior Court.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Title 7 GCA \'a7\'a7 3107(b), 3108(a) (2005); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Navarro v. Navarro}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 31 \'b6 5; }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Rinehart v. Rinehart}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 14 \'b6 7.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Jurisdiction is also proper pursuant to Title 7 GCA \'a7 25102(j) (2005) (
\'93An appeal in a civil action or proceeding may be taken from the Superior Court . . . [f]rom an interlocutory decree of divorce.\'94).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 III.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [6]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The trial court\rquote s \'93disposition of the community property and of the homestead . . . }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 is subject to revision on appeal in all particulars including those which are stated to be in the discretion of the court}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 .\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Title 19 GCA \'a7 8414 (2005) (emphasis added);}{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  see also}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Leon Guerrero v. Moylan}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 2000 Guam 28 \'b6 7 (recognizing that Title 19 GCA \'a7 8414 provides another basis for appellate jurisdiction).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Pursuant to this provision, we may revise the trial court\rquote 
s division of community property, even where the trial court\rquote s action does not amount to an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [7]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Our interpretation of 19 GCA \'a7 8414 is supported by interpretations of California Civil Code \'a7 148, because 19 GCA \'a7 8414 is based on California Civil Code \'a7 148.}{
\super\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid4485448 1}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 
  California Civil Code \'a7 148 stated that:  \'93
The disposition of the community property, and of the homestead, as above provided, is subject to revision on appeal in all particulars, including those which are stated to be in the discretion of the Court.\'94  (Quoted in }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 
Ballas v. Ballas}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 3 Cal. Rptr. 11, 13 (Dist. Ct. App. 1960)).  In addition, California Civil Code \'a7 146, which is the source of 19 GCA \'a7 8411, provided in part that \'93
if the decree be rendered on any other ground than that of adultery or extreme cruelty, {\*\bkmkstart StarPage}{\*\bkmkstart citeas_40__40_Cite_32_as_58__32_27_32_Ca}{\*\bkmkend StarPage}{\*\bkmkend citeas_40__40_Cite_32_as_58__32_27_32_Ca}the community 
{\*\bkmkstart SearchTerm}{\*\bkmkend SearchTerm}property{\*\bkmkstart SR_59_776}{\*\bkmkend SR_59_776} shall be divided equally{\*\bkmkstart SR_59_780}{\*\bkmkend SR_59_780} between the parties.\'94  }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Green v. Green}{
\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 80 P.2d 513, 514 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1938).  This identical language is still found in 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b), which states:  \'93
If the decree be rendered on any other ground than that of adultery or extreme cruelty, the community property shall be equally divided between the parties.\'94  }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Id.}{\fs20\insrsid4485448  (2005).
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4485448 {\fs20\insrsid4485448 \tab  California statutes governing property division in divorce cases, including sections 146 and 148, were repealed and reenacted as California Civil Code \'a7
 4800, which were repealed and reenacted once again in 1992.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 See }{\fs20\insrsid4485448 note 3, }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 infra}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 .}}}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Torres v. Torres}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam 22 \'b6 33; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 People v. Superior Court (Laxamana)}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 2001 Guam 26 \'b6 8; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Sumitomo Constr. Co., Ltd. v. Zhong Ye, Inc.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 1997 Guam 8 \'b6 7.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [8]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab California courts have held that, pursuant to California Civil Code \'a7148, an appellate court may revise the trial court\rquote 
s division of property, even where there has not been an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 This was first acknowledged in }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Brown v. Brown}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 60 Cal. 579 (1882), and further explained in }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Strozynski v. Strozynski}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 31 P. 11
30 (Cal. 1893), where the California Supreme Court concluded that in enacting section 148, \'93
the legislature must have intended to subject the exercise of the discretion of the trial court, in dividing the community property, to revision on appeal for any apparent degree of error, though not amounting to an abuse of discretion . . . . \'94}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  at 1130.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See also Pereira v. Pereira}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 103 P. 488 (Cal. 1909) (recognizing that Cal. Civil Code \'a7 148 allowed the appellate court to revise the division on appeal).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Strozynski}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  court further held it \'93expressly based its power to revise the judgment upon section 148 of the Civil Code.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
 at 1131.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Accordingly, California\rquote s appellate courts have followed }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Strozynski}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 .}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See Falk v. Falk}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 120 P.2d 714, 719 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1942) (\'93
[A]ppellate courts have a discretion in dividing the community property pursuant to the mandate of section 146 which is paramount and superior to the discretion vested in the trial court under such circumstances.\'94); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Ballas v. Ballas}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 3 Cal. Rptr. 11, 13 (Dist. Ct. App. 1960) (\'93[Section 148] subjects the exercise of the trial court\rquote 
s discretion in the disposition of the community property to revision on appeal although its action does not amount to an abuse of discretion.\'94).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [9]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab While recognizing the power to revise the trial court, California appellate courts have retreated from taking such action.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Gonsalves v. Gonsalves}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 206 P.2d 1127,1132-33 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1949), the court stated that \'93though clothed with the power of revision un
der the statute, [the appellate court] will be slow to interfere with that discretion.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Later decisions have similarly exhibited reluctance to revise a trial court\rquote 
s decision in division of property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 e.g}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Perry v. Perry}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 76 Cal. Rptr. 212, 214 (Ct. App. 1969);}{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  Le Fiell v. Le Fiell}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 239 P.2d 61, 63 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1951).}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Furthermore, appellate courts have held that the power to revise the trial court\rquote s award \'93should be used only when there is a manifest unfairness in the trial court\rquote 
s division of community property.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Harding v. Harding}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 36 Cal. Rptr. 184, 188 (Dist. Ct. App. 1963).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [10]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The standard developed by the California courts was succinctly summarized as follows:}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 While it is true that Civil Code section 148 subjects the trial court's di
scretion in the disposition of the community property to revision on appeal, even where the action of the trial court does not amount to an abuse of discretion the reviewing court will be slow to interfere, and will do so only where there is manifest unfa
irness.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Irish v. Irish}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 55 Cal. Rptr. 55, 57 (Dist. Ct. App. 1966) (citations omitted).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }
{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We agree with this rule, and accordingly, reverse }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Navarro}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 31 \'b6 6, to the extent that we stated that the trial court\rquote 
s division of community property is subject to this court\rquote s review for an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Instead, we hold that, pursuant to 19 GCA \'a7 8414, the trial court\rquote 
s division of property may be revised on appeal even where the trial court\rquote s action does not amount to an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 This au
thority to revise is to be used sparingly, however, and only where the trial court\rquote s division results in manifest unfairness.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 IV.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [11]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Having clarified the standard of review of a trial court\rquote 
s distribution of community property, we first}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 examine the trial court\rquote s overall distribution for any \'93manifest unfairness.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 If we find that the trial court\rquote s distribution was manifestly unfair, we then determine whether to exercise}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 our authority to rev
ise the division pursuant to 19 GCA \'a7 8414, or remand the matter to the trial court for redistribution of the community property.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [12]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab  Guam\rquote s divorce law provides for the equal division of property in divorces based on irreconcilable differences.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Specifically, Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411 provides}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In case of the dissolution of marriage by the decree of a court of competent jurisdiction, the community property, and the homestead}{
\insrsid3162196 , shall be assigned as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 . . . .}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li1440\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 (b) If the decree be rendered on any other 
ground than that of adultery or extreme cruelty, the community property shall be equally divided between the parties.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b) (2005).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [13]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab On appeal, Kid argues that when taken as a whole, the trial court\rquote s calculation for division of prope
rty results in Rosalind receiving an inequitably larger share of the community property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
We note that while Kid maintained during oral argument that there was no error in the award of any one particular asset, in his brief he points to the two specific examples that reveal the inequity:}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 first, the trial court\rquote s awarding him the Toyota Tacoma, a vehicle that was not paid off, while Rosalind was awarded the paid-off Honda Civic; second, the court\rquote 
s awarding Rosalind the Dededo marital home and the property in the Philippines.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Rosalind counters each argument and maintains that Kid is bound by judicial admissions he made regarding the distribution of the vehicles, and that Kid has failed to demonstrate that the trial court abused its discretion in the award, or that there was 
\'93obvious unfairness\'94 in the division.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appellee\rquote s Brief, p. 11.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 A.}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Judicial Admission}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [14]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Kid maintains that he \'93does not complain about the award of the vehicles.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appellant\rquote 
s Reply Brief, p. 6 (Apr. 27, 2005).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Rather, he argues that he was denied an equal share of the community assets as a whole, which he asserts is evident in Rosalind\rquote 
s being awarded the Honda Civic (which is paid off), and his being awarded the Toyota Tacoma (which has little or negative equity).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Rosalind argues t
hat Kid is bound by judicial admissions that were made by his attorney regarding the distribution of the vehicles.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Specifically, counsel for Kid stated twice during the trial that Kid would take the Toyota Tacoma truck and assume the payments on the loan, and Rosalind could take the Honda Civic.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [15]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Thus, we consider whether statements made by Kid\rquote 
s counsel during the course of the trial regarding the distribution of the vehicles are judicial admissions binding on Kid, and if so, whether manifest unfairness has resulted.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [16]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab  \'93A judicial admission [i]s defined as \lquote 
a formal act done in the course of judicial proceedings which waives or dispenses with the necessity of producing evidence by the opponent and bars the party himself from disputing it.\rquote \'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Goldsmith v. Allied Bldg. Components, Inc.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 833 S.W.2d 378, 380 (Ky. 1992) (quoting }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Sutherland v. Davis}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 151 S.W.2d 1021 (Ky. 1941)).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Such admissions \'93may occur at any point during the litigation process,\'94 including during \'93discovery, pleadings, opening s
tatements, direct and cross-examination, as well as closing arguments.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kohne v. Yost}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 P.2d 360, 362 (Mont. 1991).}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Whether the statement is a judicial admission \'93depends upon the circumstances of each case.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{
\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [17]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab In }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 MacDonald v. General Motors Corp.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 110 F.3d 337 (6th Cir. 1997), the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals articulated three factors that define a judicial admission.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 First, \'93an attorney\rquote 
s statements must be deliberate, clear and unambiguous.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  at 340; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 see also}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  
}{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Childs v. Franco}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 563 F.Supp. 290, 292 (E.D. Pa. 1983) (observing that statement should be \'93unequivocal\'94); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Glick v. White Motor Co.}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 458 F.2d 1287, 1291 (3rd Cir. 1972) (\'93[T]o be binding, judicial admissions must be unequivocal\'94).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Second, the statements must be \'93
deliberate waivers of the right to present evidence.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 MacDonald}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 110 F.3d at 340.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Third, \'93counsel\rquote s statements deal[] with opinions and legal conclusions.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  at 341.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See also}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kohne}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 P.2d at 362 (stating that the trial court \'93
should not consider statements of counsel\rquote s conception of the legal theories of the case\'94); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Glick}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 458 F.2d at 1291 (stating that judicial admissions \'93
do[] not include counsel\rquote s statement of his conception of the legal theory of a case\'94).}{\super\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193633 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid4485448 2}{\fs20\insrsid4485448   Although Rosalind\rquote s brief outlines a five-part test 
for judicial admissions, the test she espouses apparently has been adopted only in Texas.  The Texas appellate court in }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Kaplan v. Kaplan}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 
, 129 S.W.3d 666, 669 (Tex. App. 2004) outlined the elements as follows:
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid4485448 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid4485448 The elements required for a judicial admission
 are:  (1) a statement made during the course of a judicial proceeding;  (2) that is contrary to an essential fact or defense asserted by the person making the admission;  (3) that is deliberate, clear, and unequivocal;  (4) if given conclusive effect, wo
uld be consistent with public policy on which the rule is based;  and (5) that is not destructive of the opposing party's theory of recovery.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid4485448 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 See also Sherman v. Merit Office Portfolio, Ltd.,}{\fs20\insrsid4485448  106 S.W.3d 135 (Tex. App. 2003); }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Lee v. Lee}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 
, 43 S.W.3d 636 (Tex. App. 2001); }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 In re M.M.O.,}{\fs20\insrsid4485448  981 S.W.2d 72, 84 (Tex. App. 1998).  In contrast, the three factors articulated by the court in }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 McDonald}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 
 appear to encapsulate the general rule found in a majority of jurisdictions.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 See generally}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 ,}{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448  Childs v. Franco}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 563 F.Supp. 290, 292 (D.C.Pa. 1983); }{
\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Glick v. White Motor Co.}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 458 F.2d 1287, 1291 (3rd Cir. 1972); }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 Kohne v. Yost}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 818 P. 2d 360 (Mont. 1991); }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 People v. Jackson}{
\fs20\insrsid4485448 ,\~ 28 Cal. Rptr.3d 136, 161\~(Dist. Ct. App.  2005).}}}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The trial court also \'93must focus upon the statement itself,\'94}{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  Kohne}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 P.2d at 362, as well as the intent of the person making the statement.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \'93
Oral statements of counsel may be treated as judicial admissions if they were intended to be such or reasonably construed by the court or the other party as such.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 People v. Jackson}
{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 28 Cal. Rptr. 3d 136, 161\~(Dist. Ct. App.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2005).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [18]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Rosalind argues that statements made by Kid\rquote s attorney are judicial admissions that bind Kid.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
When determining whether the attorney\rquote s statements are judicial admissions, we have acknowledged that \'93certain statements by counsel can [] be considered judicial admissions binding on the client.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 B.M. Co. v. Avery}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2002 Guam 19 \'b6 15.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Other jurisdictions are in accord.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See, e.g., Rhoades, Inc. v. United Air Lines, Inc.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 340 F.2d 481 (3rd Cir. 1965); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kohne}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 P.2d 360; }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Magallanes-Damian v. INS}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 783 F.2d 931, 934 (9th Cir. 1986).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 But see Parkerson v. Nanton}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 876 So. 2d 1228, 1230 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004) (declining to adopt the rule that statements of counsel during opening and closing
 arguments constituted binding judicial admissions, relying in part on Florida law providing that unsworn statements of counsel were not evidence, unless stipulated by the parties); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kohne}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 F.2d at 363-65 (Weber, J., dissenting) (relying, in part, on the jury instruction that counsel\rquote 
s statements are not evidence, to conclude that statements made during closing argument should be interpreted as binding judicial admissions).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [19]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab In }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 B.M. Co.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2002 Guam 19 \'b6 15, we cited the majority decision in }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Kohne}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 818 P.2d 360,}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 where the Sixth Circuit Court interpreted statements made during closing arguments, and found that \'93counsel\rquote 
s admissions are binding upon a client.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  at 361.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Such admission
s are binding during trial and on appeal.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See e.g.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 United States v. Bentson}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 947 F.2d 1353, 1356 (9th Cir. 1991) (finding that attorney\rquote s closing argument contained a \'93straightforward judicial admission\'94 which was \'93binding before both the trial and appellate courts.\'94);}{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  Glick
}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 458 F.2d at 1291 (\'93[J]udicial admissions are binding for the purpose of the case in which the admissions are made including appeals.\'94); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Crystal Properties, Ltd., L.P.}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 268 F.3d 743, 752 (9th Cir. 2001) (stating that \'93a judicial admission made at the district court is binding on this court\'94).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [20]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Rosalind asserts that Kid\rquote s attorney made judicial admissions during the trial.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
First, during opening statement, Kid\rquote s attorney referred to his client, saying, \'93He can take the truck, and make the payments, and she can have the Honda.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
I guess we can stipulate to that at this point.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Tr. p. 7 (Trial, Aug. 13, 2004).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Second, during closing argument, Kid\rquote s attorney said again, \'93He will assume the debt on the truck . . . . And I think we\rquote re in agreement that he should have the truck, and assume the payment on that.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 She can have the Honda Civic.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Tr. p. 67 (Trial, Aug. 13, 2004).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [21]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Kid\rquote s attorney does not dispute that during the trial, he indicated that Kid would receive the truck and 
assume the debt on the truck, and that Rosalind would receive the Honda Civic.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Indeed, during oral argument, he conceded that Kid would take the Toyota Tacoma and Rosalind the Honda Civic.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In light of his assertions in his brief and during the oral argum
ent, Kid is bound by the admissions regarding distribution of the vehicles.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Therefore, we hold that there was no manifest unfairness in awarding the Honda Civic to Rosalind and the Toyota Tacoma to Kid and having him assume the payments on the auto loan. }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 B.}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Equal division of community property}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [22]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab As previously discussed, Guam\rquote 
s divorce law provides for the equal division of property in divorces rendered on any ground other than that of adultery or extreme cruelty.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b). The divorce here wa
s based on irreconcilable differences.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid argues that the law was not followed and when taken as a whole, he received an inequitably smaller share of the community property.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 He relies on certain California cases to argue that the overall division of property lacked mathematical equality.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See
}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Juick}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 98 Cal. Rptr. 324 (Ct. App. 1971); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Tammen}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 134 Cal. Rptr. 161 (1976); }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Hopkins}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 141 Cal. Rptr. 597 (1977).}{\super\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 3{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid4485448 3}{\insrsid4485448  }{\fs20\insrsid4485448  The California statutes governing division o
f community property have been subject to repeal and recodification.  First enacted in 1872, relevant provisions included California Civil Code \'a7\'a7 146 and 148.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 See}{\fs20\insrsid4485448  note 1, }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 
supra}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 .  The division of community property statutes were then codified at California Civil Code \'a7 4800, and it was this version in effect at the time the California courts decided }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 In re Marriage of Juick}
{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 98 Cal. Rptr. 324, }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 In re Marriage of Tammen}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 134 Cal. Rptr. 161, and }{\i\fs20\insrsid4485448 In re Marriage of Hopkins}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 , 141 Cal. Rptr. 597.  However, section 
4800 was repealed in 1992, and the division of community property is now governed by California Family Code, Division 7 (Westlaw through Ch. 729 (end) of 2005 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation & Governor\rquote 
s Reorganization Plans No. 1 & 2 of 2005, and all Initiative  Measures Appearing on Nov. 8, 2005 ballot)).  Family Code \'a7 2550 states in relevant part that \'93the court shall . . . divide the community estate of the parties equally.\'94
  (Westlaw through Ch. 729 (end) of 2005 Reg.Sess. urgency legislation & Governor\rquote s Reorganization Plans No. 1 & 2 of 2005, and all Initiative  Measures Appearing on Nov. 8, 2005 ballot )). }}}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 

\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [23]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b), like the California statute, calls for \'93equal division.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
This court, however, has not previously adopted the \'93mathematically equal\'94 standard espoused by these particular California cases and we decline to do so here.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Rather, our holding in }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Navarro}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  recognized the \'93broad discretion\'94 granted to the trial court in decisions dividing community property reflects deference to the trial court\rquote 
s determination.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Navarro}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 31 \'b6 8; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 see also}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Steinberger}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 111 Cal. Rptr. 2d 521, 528 (Dist. Ct. App. 2001) (\'93When a trial court concludes that property contains both separate and community interests, the court 
has broad discretion to fashion an apportionment of interests that is equitable under the circumstances of the case.\'94).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We now recognize, pursuant to 19 GCA \'a7
 8414, that we have the power to revise the trial court\rquote s division of community property on appeal for any \'93apparent degree of error,\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
although we will do so only when there is manifest unfairness. }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [24]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Therefore, rather than adopting a hard and fast rule such as mathematical equality, we believe that trial courts must have reasonable discretion in
 determining how the equal division of property should be accomplished, on a case-by-case basis.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Cf. In re Marriage of Gowan}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
, 62 Cal. Rptr. 2d 453, 457 (Ct. App. 1997) (\'93[T]he disposition of marital property is within the trial court\rquote s discretion, by whatever method or formula will \lquote achieve substantial justice between the parties.\rquote \'94
) (citation omitted).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We recognize that mathematical equality is desirable as a goal to ensure that each party receives an equal division of property; however, more often than 
not, mathematical equality is difficult to achieve.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Rather, we believe the trial court should examine each case\rquote 
s particular circumstances and consider the overall equality of the award, and revision on appeal will only occur when the division is manifestly unfair.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [25]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab We now examine the trial court\rquote s division of property and debt in the case }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 sub judice}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 .}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The trial court determined the community assets and debt as follows:}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 appraised value marital home/equity}{\super\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 4{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid4485448 4}{\insrsid4485448   }{\fs20\insrsid4485448 The equity in the marital home is the apprai
sed value of the home less the Citizens Security Bank mortgage.}}\tab \tab }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 $168,000/$37,373.65}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Citizens Security Bank mortgage\tab \tab $130,626.35}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2002 tax refund\tab \tab \tab \tab $3,000}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2003 tax refund\tab \tab \tab \tab $2,300}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid\rquote s 401(k)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab between $13,000 to $14,000}{\insrsid3162196 

\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1997 Honda Civic\tab \tab \tab \tab no valuation}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2000 Toyota Tacoma value/debt\tab \tab no valuation}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Bank of Hawaii savings account\tab \tab $1,605.54}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Philippine property\tab \tab \tab \tab $17,000}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Pentagon Federal Credit Union auto loan\tab $16,000}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 USA Federal Credit Union Visa credit card\tab $200}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5760\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Household furnishings, appliances, effects\tab no valuation}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-5040\li5040\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The trial court did not indicate any valuation for the vehicles in its award, apparently in part because of the judicial admission regarding distribution of the vehicles.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The court also did not value the household furnishings, appliances and effects because they had been divided between the parties. }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [26]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The trial court then divided the remainder of the property as follows:}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Rosalind\tab \tab Kid}{
\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \'bd equity of $37,373.65\tab \tab \tab $18,686.82\tab \tab 
$18,686.82}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \'bd 2002 tax refund of $3,000\tab \tab \tab $}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1,500.00\tab \tab $}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1,500.00}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \'bd 2003 tax refund of $2,300\tab \tab \tab $}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1,150.00\tab \tab $}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1,150.00}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid\rquote s 401(k)\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
$14,000.00}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-4320\li5040\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin720\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 1997 Honda Civic\tab \tab \tab \tab no valuation}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 2000 Toyota Tacoma and loan\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab no valuation
}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-6480\li7200\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin7200\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \'bd Bank of Hawaii sav. acct. of $1,605.54\tab $}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 802.77\tab \tab $}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 802.77}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\faauto\rin720\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-4320\li5040\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin720\lin5040\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Philippine property\tab \tab \tab \tab $17,000.00}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \fi-4320\li7920\ri720\nowidctlpar\tx720\tx1440\tx2160\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\faauto\rin720\lin7920\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Award \tab \tab $39,139.59\tab \tab $36,139.59}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In addition, Rosalind was solely responsible for paying the Citizens Security Bank mortgage and the USA Federal Credit Union Visa credit card.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Kid was required to reimburse Rosalind $6,690.06, which was half (1/2) of the payments Rosalind made, using her separate funds after the couple had separated, to Citizens Security Bank and the previous owners of the marital home Mr. and Mrs. Eduardo Orot.
}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [27]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Kid argues this division was unequal.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 According to Kid\rquote 
s calculations, his net award is only $13,449.52, as compared to Rosalind\rquote s net award of $45,629.67, for a difference of $32,180.15 in Rosalind\rquote s favor.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Rosalind also challenges these calculation as faulty, and contends that her share was only $26,942.84 as compared to Kid\rquote s share of $36,139.59, for a difference of $9,196.75 in Kid\rquote s favor.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [28]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab The calculations offered by both Kid and Rosalind in this appeal are erroneous in several respects.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
First, Kid indicated that Rosalind owed Kid a debt of $11,996.75.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 This figure, however, represents the trial court\rquote s award of Kid\rquote 
s equal share in the equity of the marital home, which was $18,686.82 reduced by the payments Rosalind made, since separation, toward the mortgage and the promissory note to the Orots in the amount of $6,690.07. This same error again appears in Kid
\rquote s assertion that he was awarded only $11,996.75 and in Rosalind\rquote s calculation that she was required to pay him this amount.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
As discussed above, Kid and Rosalind were each awarded an equal one-half (1/2) share of the equity of the marital home in the amount of $18,686.82, but this was reduced by the amount of Rosalind\rquote s payments since separation.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Other errors in his calculation included a $16,000 debt for the Pentagon Federal Credit Union for the Toyota Tacoma, but not a corresponding value for the Toyota Tacoma itself.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Clearly, the Toyota Tacoma has a value, but this is unimportant because, as we held above, Kid is bound by the admissions regarding the distribution of the vehicles.}{
\insrsid9193633\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid challenges the trial court\rquote s failure to include a finding as to the amount of the Pentagon Federal Credit Union Visa card debt.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The only evidence regarding the Visa credit card was Rosalind\rquote s testimony that she did not know the balance on the card because it was used solely by Kid.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Kid did not provide any testimony to counter Rosalind\rquote s testimony regarding the debt.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 The burden to prove valuation \'93
lies with the party who seeks the division of community property.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Navarro}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 31 \'b6 9.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Although he bears the burden of proving valuation, Kid failed to provide any evidence contrary to Rosalind\rquote s testimony.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
In addition, there is a strong argument that Kid waived the argument regarding the value of the debt, as he did not object to Rosalind\rquote s testimony and did not elicit testimony showing otherwise.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See Taniguchi-Ruth+Associates v. MDI Guam Corp. (LeoPalace Resort)}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam 7 \'b6 77 (stating that when a party failed to object to a trial court action \'93
at any point after the lower court issued its Decision and Order, or after the judgment was issued [then s]uch inaction, under general circumstances, amounts to a waiver of this issue.\'94).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Cf. E.C. Dev. v. Guam Conf. Corp of Seventh-Day Adventist}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam 9 \'b6 56 (applying plain error standard to trial court\rquote 
s admission of evidence where party failed to object to such admission).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [29]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab In conclusion, the division of property is equitable under the circumstances as it appears that Kid received only $3,000 less than Rosalind.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }
{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Although not required to do so, the trial court ultimately came quite close to making \'93mathematically equal\'94 awards.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
In addition, the award divided the property in such a way that would reduce entanglements and decrease the risk of future litigation.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
There does not appear to be manifest unfairness in the trial court\rquote s division. }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 C.}{\b\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Issues raised for the first time on appeal}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [30]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Generally, this court will not entertain an issue raised for the first time on appeal.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Taniguchi-Ruth+Ass
ociates}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam 7 \'b6 78; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Univ. of Guam v. Guam Civil Serv. Comm\rquote n}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2002 Guam 4 \'b6 20; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
B.M. Co. v. Avery}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2001 Guam 27 \'b6 33; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Dumaliang}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 24 \'b6 12.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Dumaliang v. Silan}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2000 Guam 24 \'b6 12, this court enumerated certain exceptions to the general rule precluding appellate review of newly-raised issues.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 That is, while generally this court will not address issues raised for the first time on appeal, it may exercise its discretion to do so in the following circumstances: \'93
(1) when review is necessary to prevent a miscarriage of justice or to preserve the integrity of the judicial process; (2) when a change in law raises a new issue while an appeal is pending; and (3) when the issue is purely one of law.\'94}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Id. }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 n.1 (citing }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Guam v. Villacrusis}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , Crim. No. 9
1-00089A, 1992 WL 97217, at *1 (D. Guam App. Div. Apr. 16, 1992)).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [31]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab On appeal, Kid raises certain arguments that he did not argue below.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [32]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Kid first argues on appeal that the trial court should have considered Rosalind\rquote s 401(k) account that she \'93cashed out\'94 during the marriage.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Tr. pp. 31, 40 (Trial, Aug. 13, 2004).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Pension rights represent property interest, and if derived from employment during the marriage, are considered a community asset subject to division during divorce proceedings.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In 
re Marriage of Brown}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 544 P.2d 561 (Cal. 1976).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Furthermore, because Rosalind withdrew the account and obtained the proceeds during marriage, it is considered community property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196  }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Weaver}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 26 Cal. Rptr. 3d 121, 125 (Dist. Ct. App.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 20
05) (stating that generally, property acquired during marriage by either spouse, other than by gift or inheritance, is community property).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
However, Kid never asserted at any point in the proceedings below, that the \'93cash-out\'94 was community property, and he has not shown \'93exceptional}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
circumstances why this issue was not raised below.\'94}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Taylor v. Sentry Life Ins. Co.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 729 F.2d 652, 655 (9th Cir. 1984) (quoted in }{
\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Taniguchi-Ruth+Associates}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam 7 \'b6 82)).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Therefore, we decline to address the argument that Rosalind\rquote 
s 401(k) proceeds are community property.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 See In re Marriage of Hewitson}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 191 Cal. Rptr. 392, 401 (Dist. Ct. App. 1983).}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [33]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Kid next asserts that, when the court awarded Rosalind the marital home and ordered her to pay him half of the equit
y, the trial court should have secured the obligation with a lien on the home and required interest to accrue on Rosalind\rquote s obligation.}{\super\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 5{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9193633 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid4485448 5}{\fs20\insrsid4485448 
  A final decree of divorce is a judgment.  Although we do not reach the issue of whether interest should accrue on the amount Rosalind was ordered to pay Kid, Title 18 GCA \'a7 47106 (2005) states as follows:  \'93
The rate of interest upon the loan or forbearance of any money, goods or things in action, or on accounts after demand or judgment rendered in any court of the territory, shall be six percent (6%) per annum . . . .\'94 }}}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196 
 }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 He cites, in support of this argument, }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Juick}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 98 Cal. Rptr. 324; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Tammen}{
\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 134 Cal. Rptr. 161; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 In re Marriage of Hopkins}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 141 Cal. Rptr. 597.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
However, Kid never raised this argument during trial court proceedings.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 As stated earlier, we generally do not discuss issues raised for the first time on appeal.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Taniguchi-Ruth+Associates}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2005 Guam}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 7 \'b6 78; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
Univ. of Guam}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2002 Guam 4 \'b6 20; }{\i\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 B.M. Co.}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 , 2001 Guam 27 \'b6 33.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We exerc
ise our discretion and decline to address these arguments.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [34]}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab Although we do not address the lien and interest issues, we are mindful of the assertion made by Kid\rquote 
s counsel during oral argument, that Rosalind has yet to make a payment to Kid even several months after the Final Decree of Divorce.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
The trial court acknowledged the payments due to Kid in stating that \'93[t]he parties can make payment arrangements on the balance\'94 of the equity payments.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Appellant\rquote 
s ER, tab D (Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, Sept. 3, 2004).}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
However, the burden lays with the parties, not the trial court or this court, to establish a payment plan, to ensure that payments are made, and in the event of default, to pursue remedies through the judicial system.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 V.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\insrsid3162196 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3162196 {\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 [35]}{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 \tab We hold, first, that pursuant to Title 19 GCA \'a7 8414, we may revise the trial court\rquote 
s division of community property and the homestead, even where the trial court\rquote s action does not amount to an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 We acknowledge, however, that the author
ity to revise on appeal should be invoked only where there is manifest unfairness in the trial court\rquote s division.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
We next hold that judicial admissions regarding the distribution of the vehicles are binding on Kid, and thus, cannot challenge this award.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 F
inally, we express our refusal to bind our trial courts to a rule of mathematical equality when dividing community property in dissolution cases based on irreconcilable differences.}{\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 
We believe that the better rule is for trial courts to reach an equal division of property, as required by Title 19 GCA \'a7 8411(b), by evaluating the circumstances of each particular case and considering the overall equality of the award.}{
\insrsid3162196\charrsid3162196  }{\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 Therefore, we }{\b\insrsid4485448\charrsid3162196 AFFIRM.}{\insrsid3162196 
\par }}