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\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 People v. White,}{\fs20\insrsid5507657  Opinion  \tab Page \chpgn  of }{\field{\*\fldinst {\fs20\insrsid5507657 NUMPAGES \\* ARABIC }}{\fldrslt {\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid14439490 7}}}{\fs20\insrsid5507657 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF GUAM}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 PEOPLE OF GUAM,}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
\par Plaintiff-Appellee,
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 v.}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 JACKERY B. WHITE,}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
\par Defendant-Appellant.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Supreme Court Case No.: CRA04-001
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Filed: November 14, 2005}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Cite as:}{\b\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 2005 Guam 20}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Appeal from the Superior Court of Guam
\par Submitted on January 14, 2005
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
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\ul\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 For Plaintiff-Appellee:}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Lewis W. Littlepage 
\par Asst. Attorney General 
\par Office of the Attorney General
\par 287 West O\rquote Brien Dr.
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\ul\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 For Defendant-Appellant:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\faauto\rin0\lin0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Jackery B. White, }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Pro Se}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
\par Department of Corrections
\par P.O. Box 3236
\par Hag\'e5t\'f1a, Guam 96932
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\par }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 BEFORE: F. PHILIP CARBULLIDO, Chief Justice; ROBERT J. TORRES, JR., Associate Justice; ALEXANDRO C. CASTRO, Justice }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Pro Tempore}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 .
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 TORRES, J.:}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [1]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab Respondent-Appellant Jackery B. White, }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 pro se}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , appeals from the trial court\rquote 
s denial of his post-conviction Motion to Dismiss Grand Jury Indictment and request for counsel.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [2]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab 
We hold that, first, White waived objection to the institution of the prosecution and defects in the indictment by failing to raise the issues in a pre-trial motion or show cause; and secondly, the trial court did not err in denying White\rquote 
s request for counsel.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 I. }{\insrsid12014033 
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\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [3]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab 
This court has jurisdiction over the instant matter pursuant to 48 U.S.C. 1424-1(a)(1) (Westlaw through Pub. L. 109-76 (2005)) and Title 8 GCA \'a7 130.15 (Westlaw through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (2005)).}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 II.}{\insrsid12014033 
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White was arrested and incarcerated in 1986 for the crimes of robbery and burglary.}{\super\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 1{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14439490 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid5507657 1}{\insrsid5507657  }{\fs20\insrsid5507657 This court recounted portions of the facts and procedural history below in }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 White v. Klitzkie}{
\fs20\insrsid5507657 , 1998 Guam 31. 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657  }}}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
While incarcerated, White allegedly heard the admissions of another inmate and became an informant for the government in a murder case.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
White was released on bond pending resolution of the cases.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [5]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab On October 19, 1989, the Guam Legislature passed Public Law No. 20-111:2, now codified as Title 9 GCA \'a7 80.37.5 (Westlaw through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (2005)).}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Subsection (a) of this statute authorizes the imposition of a sentence enhancement for the commission of a felony while on release for felony charges.}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Title 9 GCA \'a7 80.37.5(a).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [6]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab In March of 1993, while the 1986 robbery and burglary charges were still pending, White was arrested for robbery in two new cases.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 The indictments in those cases contained a special allegation of felon-on-release pursuant to Title 9 GCA \'a7 80.37.5.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [7]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab On April 20, 1993, White entered into a plea agreement with the government wherein he pled guilty to four counts of burglary contained in the 1986 indictment.}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 For each count, White received a three year sentence, to run concurrently.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [8]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab In August of 1993, pursuant to another plea agreement, White pled guilty to one of the two 1993 robberies.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 The trial court sentenced White to ten years of imprisonment for the robbery and twenty years for committing the robbery while on release.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [9]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab Approximately a year later, White filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the Superior Court.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
After evidentiary hearings, the Superior Court denied the petition.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [10]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab White appealed the Superior Court\rquote s decision to this court.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 The court treated White\rquote 
s appeal as an original petition for writ of habeas corpus and subsequently denied the petition.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 White v. Klitzkie}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 1998 Guam 31.}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [11]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab Later, White filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the Federal District Court of Guam.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
The District Court denied the petition on procedural grounds.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court judgment based on other procedural grounds stating, \'93
[w]e affirm the district court\rquote s dismissal of White\rquote s petition without reaching the grounds upon which the district court dismissed it.\'94}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 White v. Klitzkie}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 281 F.3d 920, 922 (9th Cir. 2002), }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 reh\rquote g denied}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 298 F.3d 885 (9th Cir.2002).}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [12]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab Subsequently, White filed a Motion to Dismiss Grand Jury Indictment in the Superior Court.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
White argued that the trial court should dismiss the indictments because prosecution thereunder violated the Ex Post Facto Clause and the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Specifically, Whi
te alleged that: (1) the twenty year sentence enhancement for committing a felony while on release violated the prohibition against ex post facto laws; and (2) the government put him in double jeopardy by prosecuting him in 1993 for the pending 1986 offen
ses.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [13]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab The trial court denied White\rquote s request for the appointment of counsel in the matter and denied the Motion to Dismiss Grand Jury Indictment.}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 This appeal followed. }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 III.}{\b\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [14]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab This court }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 sua sponte}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
 raises whether White waived his objections to the institution of the prosecution and the indictment by failing to raise the issues in a pre-trial motion.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 See People v. Mesa}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , Crim. No. 89-00161A, 1990 WL 320355, at *1 (D. Guam App. Div. Oct. 24, 1990) (raising issue of waiver }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 sua sponte}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 ).}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Under Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.15, objections based on defects in the institution of the prosecution and defects in the indictment must be raised prior to trial.}{
\super\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 2{\footnote \pard\plain \qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14439490 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid5507657 2}{\insrsid5507657   }{
\fs20\insrsid5507657 Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.15 states in relevant part: 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 \tab The following shall be raised prior to trial:
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 (a) Defenses and objections based on defects in the institution of the prosecution;
\par (b) Defenses and objections based on defects in the indictment, information or complaint (other than that it fails to show jurisdiction in the court or to charge an offense which objections sh
all be noticed by the court at any time during the pendency of the proceedings);
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.15 (Westlaw through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (2005)).}}}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Id.}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033  at *2.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Title 8 GCA \'a7
 65.45 provides that failure to comply with the timeliness requirements of section 65.15 results in a waiver of those objections, unless the defendant can show good cause.}{\super\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 3{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14439490 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid5507657 3}{\fs20\insrsid5507657  Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.45 provides in its entirety:
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 Failure to Raise Defenses or Objecti
ons; Consequences.  Failure by a party to raise defenses or objections or to make requests which must be made prior to trial, at the time set by the court pursuant to \'a7
65.15, or prior to any extension thereof made by the court, shall constitute a waiver thereof, but the court for cause shown may grant relief from the waiver.
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\fs20\insrsid5507657 Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.45 (Westlaw through Guam Pub. L. 28-037 (2005)). }}}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 People v. Grajo}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , Crim. No. 163F-84, 1987 WL 109393, at *3 (D. Guam App. Div. Feb. 12, 1987).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 A trial court\rquote s grant
 or denial of relief from a section 65.45 waiver is reviewed for an abuse of discretion or clear legal error.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 See United States v. Crowley}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
, 236 F.3d 104, 110 (2d Cir. 2000) (stating the standard of review of relief from a waiver under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 12, which is analogous to sections 65.15 and 65.45).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 We review the denial of a request for the appointment of counsel in a collateral attack of a criminal conviction for an abuse of discretion.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 See}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033  Rules of the Super. Ct. of Guam 13.1(B)(2) (\'93The court may appoint counsel for a person who is financially unable to obtain representation who is seeking collateral relief from a judgment in a criminal matter\'94) }{
\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 as added by }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Prom. Order 05-004 (May 3, 2005), }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 available at}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033  http://teamsupreme.temp.pow
web.com/PROMULGATIONORDERS/PromOrderNo05-004ApptofCounsel050305.pdf.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 IV.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [15]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab 
White waived his objections to defects in the indictment and the institution of the prosecution by failing to raise them prior to trial.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.45.}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Furthermore, the trial court committed clear legal error by excusing the waiver without a showing of cause as required by Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.45.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 See Crowley}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 236 F.3d at 110 (holding that a trial court commits clear legal error by granting relief from a Rule 12 waiver without making a finding of good cause and prejudice).}{
\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
Moreover, White has failed to demonstrate that good cause exists to excuse the waiver of his right to object to the indictment and institution of the prosecution nearly ten years after his conviction and sentencing. }{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [16]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab 
Although the trial court committed clear error by failing to require White to show cause why relief should be granted from his lack of compliance with the timeliness requirements of Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.15, we find it is unnecessary to distur
b the trial court\rquote s denial of the Motion to Dismiss the Grand Jury Indictment.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 As the United States Supreme Court has observed:}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri720\keep\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin720\lin720\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 If defendants were allowed to flout [Rule 12's] time limitations . . . there would be little incentive to comply with its terms
 when a successful attack might simply result in a new indictment prior to trial.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
Strong tactical considerations militate in favor of delaying the raising of the claim in hopes of an acquittal, with the thought that if those hopes did not materialize, the
 claim could be used to upset an otherwise valid conviction at a time when reprosecution might well be difficult.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid12014033 
\par }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Davis v. United States}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 411 U.S. 233, 241, 93 S. Ct. 1577, 1582 (1973).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
We hold that failure to raise objections to defects in the indictment or institution of the prosecution in a timely fashion, without good cause, precludes appellate review.}{\super\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 4{\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa240\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14439490 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\super\insrsid5507657 4}{\insrsid5507657  }{\fs20\insrsid5507657 
There is a split in the federal circuits on the effect of a district court\rquote s consideration of an untimely motion to suppress on an appellate court\rquote s ability to review the decision.  }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 See United States v. Vasquez}{
\fs20\insrsid5507657 , 858 F.2d 1387, 1389 (9th Cir. 1988) (holding that when a trial court rules on the merits of an untimely suppression motion \'93it implicitly concludes that there is adequate cause to grant relief f
rom a waiver of the right to seek suppression\'94); }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 United States v. Contreras}{\fs20\insrsid5507657 , 667 F.2d 976, 978 n.2 (11th Cir. 1982); }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 United States v. Hicks}{\fs20\insrsid5507657 
, 524 F.2d 1001, 1003 (5th Cir. 1975).  }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 Cf.}{\fs20\insrsid5507657  }{\i\fs20\insrsid5507657 United States v. Sachs}{\fs20\insrsid5507657 , 801 F.2d 839, 847 (6th Cir. 1986) (holding a district court\rquote 
s decision to hear an untimely motion to suppress does not alter the fact that the defendant waived the objection).  That issue, however, is not before this court. }}}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Mesa}{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 1990 WL 320355, at *2 (declining to reach the merits of defendant\rquote s objections to indictment on appeal after defendant failed to comply with section 65.15 or show good cause).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }
{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 S}{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 ee also United States v. Oldfield}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 859 F.2d 392, 396 (6th Cir. 1988) (stating that Rule 12(b) is strictly applied and reiterating its rule that \'93
failure to raise 12(b) motions in a timely fashion precludes appellate review\'94).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
As White waived his right to object to the indictment and institution of the prosecution, and the record is clear that cause could not have been established, the trial court\rquote s den
ial of the Motion to Dismiss the Grand Jury Indictment will not be overruled .}{\insrsid12014033 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [17]}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab Finally, we dispense of White\rquote s argument that the trial court erred in denying his request for counsel.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Defendants in criminal cases are not constitutionally entitled to appointed counsel in proceedings collaterally attacking their conviction.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\i\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
Pennsylvania v. Finley}{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 , 481 U.S. 551, 555, 107 S. Ct. 1990, 1993}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 (1987).}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 
Under Rule 13.1(B)(2) of the Rules of the Superior Court of Guam, trial courts have the discretion to appoint counsel for defendants seeking collateral relief from a judgment in a criminal matter.}{\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 White has launched several attacks of his conviction with the aid of appointed counsel and the trial court properly exercised its discretion in declining to appoint White counsel in the instant matter.}{\insrsid12014033 

\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 V.}{\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\insrsid12014033 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12014033 {\b\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 [18]}{\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 \tab 
Based on the foregoing, we hold that White waived objection to the institution of the prosecution and the indictment by failing to comply with the timeliness requirements of Title 8 GCA \'a7
 65.15 and is precluded from raising the issues on appeal. Furthermore, Title 8 GCA \'a7 65.45 requires trial courts to make a finding of cause in order to grant relief from a waiver.}{\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid12014033\charrsid12014033  }{
\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 Finally, we hold that the trial court did not err in declining to appoint counsel for White in the proceeding below. Accordingly, the lower court\rquote s decision is }{
\b\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 AFFIRMED}{\expnd-1\expndtw-5\insrsid5507657\charrsid12014033 .}{\insrsid12014033 
\par }}